OC, EF, DOC & DEF relay

ALF req=Ipsc/Ipn
Ipsc=31.5KA max
Ipn=primary CT ratio
Feeder
For 1200/1A CT
Ipsc=
Ipn=
ALFreq=
Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

ALFop=Rated ALFx

31500 A
1200 A
26.25
10
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
56

For 600/1A CT
Ipsc=
Ipn=
ALFreq=
Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

ALFopALFreq

ALFopALFreq

33/11KV Transformer
For 600/1A CT
Ipsc=
31500 A
Ipn=
600 A
ALFreq=
52.5

For 300/1A CT
Ipsc=
Ipn=
ALFreq=

Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

ALFopALFreq

5
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
80

ALFopALFreq

(CTburden/1.25)+Rct
Rconnected+Rct

31500 A
600 A
52.5
5
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
80

31500 A
300 A
105
1.8
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
165

275/33KV Transformer
For 1600/1A CT
Ipsc=
31500 A
Ipn=
1600 A
ALFreq=
20

For 800/1A CT
Ipsc=
Ipn=
ALFreq=

Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=

14
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
49

ALFopALFreq
Bus Section
For 2500/1A CT
Ipsc=
Ipn=
ALFreq=
Rct=
Rated ALF=
CTburden=
CTbc=
Rconn=
ALFop=
ALFopALFreq

ALFopALFreq

31500 A
2500 A
13
14.5
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
49

31500 A
800 A
39
7
20
15 VA
12 VA
0.6
66

burden/1.25)+Rct
connected+Rct

Line Differential Relay

Vk1.2x(Isc/1.25xIp)x(Rct+2Rl+Rr)
Vk = Knee point voltage
Isc = Maximum fault current
Ip = Primary current rating of the CT used
Rct = CT resistance
Rl = Wiring lead burden
Rr = Relay burden
For 5Km cable 630 sq. mm, cable Z=0.54.
For Rs=33000/1.732/31500=0.605
Isc=33000V/1.732/(0.605+0.54)=16,640A
Isc
Ip
Eqpt
SEL311L Rr
Lead Rl
Rct
Vkmin
Isc
Ip
Eqpt
SEL311L Rr
Lead 2xRl
Rct
Vkmin

16640 A
1600 A

0.13
0.6
10.00
107 V
16640 A
800 A

0.13
0.6
5.00
114 V

VK300V is suitable for line diff protection.

Transformer differential relay

33/11KV Transformer
Biased differential relay CT requirement
Vk 4x(1/Tx %Z)x(Tx MVA/1.732/V/CTratio)x(Rct+Rl)
V
Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl

33000 V
5 MVA
10 %
600
5
0.6

Vkmin

33 V

Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl
Vkmin

5 MVA
10 %
300
2
0.6
30 V

VK300V is suitable for line diff protection.

33/11KV Transformer REF
REF on 11KV star point
Vk 2x(1/Tx %Z)x(Tx MVA/1.732/V/CTratio)x(Rct+Rl)
V
Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl

11000 V
5 MVA
10 %
1800
8.4
0.6

Vkmin

26 V

Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl
Vkmin

5 MVA
10 %
900
4
0.6
27 V

VK300V is suitable for line diff protection.

Transformer Biased Differential protection

275/33KV Transformer
Biased differential relay CT requirement
Vk 4x(1/Tx %Z)x(Tx MVA/1.732/V/CTratio)x(Rct+Rl)
V
Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl

33000 V
32.4 MVA
10 %
1600
19.2
0.6

Vkmin

281 V

Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl
Vkmin

32.4 MVA
10 %
800
9.6
0.6
289 V

VK600/300V is suitable for line diff protection.

Transformer REF protection
275/33KV Transformer
Biased differential relay CT requirement
Vk 2x(1/Tx %Z)x(Tx MVA/1.732/V/CTratio)x(Rct+Rl)
V
Tx MVA
Tx %Z
CT ratio
Rct
Rl

33000 V
32.4 MVA
10 %
1600
19.2
0.6

Vkmin

140 V

Tx MVA
Tx %Z

32.4 MVA
10 %

CT ratio
Rct
Rl

800
9.6
0.6

Vkmin

145 V

VK600/300V is suitable for REF protection.

Busbar Protection
VK 2Vs 2xIfmxIs/Ipx(Rct+Rl)
Vs = Set operating voltage
Ifm = Maximum Fault current
Is/Ip = CT ratio secondary/primary
Ifm
Is
Ip
Rct
Rl
Vk

31500 A
1A
2500 A
15
0.6
393 V

VK of 300V does not meet the requirement.

Fault Setting - Sensitivity
Iminfc= Minimum fault current to the busbar
Condition: (Iminfc X 10%) < Operate I < (Iminfc X 30%)
Iminfc
10000 A
Iminfc X 30%
3000 A
Iminfc X 10%
900 A
Is
0.1 A
*setting 0.05-2In
CT Ratio
2500
Nos of CT
9
Imag
0.04 A
Operate I=
Operate I=

[(Number of CTs X Magnetising Current at Is) + Is] X CT Ratio

1150 A

Operate I < (Iminfc X 30%)

Operate I > (Iminfc X 10%)
Operate I < (Iminfc X 30%)
Operate I > (Iminfc X 10%)

AND

1
1

Stabilizing Resistor - Ohmic Value and Power

Rstab Vk/4Is
Rstab Vk/2Is
Vs = Is X Rstab
Rstab Watt= sq(Is) X Rstab

*Vrelay ignored due to negligible relay burden

Vk
Is

300 V
0.1 A

Rstab
750
Rstab
1500
Normally, the higher value is chosen
Rstab
Rstab Watt
Vs

1500
15 W
150 V