8/1/2016

TYPE OF SHP SCHEMES, LAYOUTS

AND PLANNING

Dr. SUNIL KUMAR SINGAL

Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee
Roorkee

HYDROPOWER CLASSIFICATION
Based on Capacity
Pico

5 kW & below

Micro

100 kW & below

Mini

2000 kW & below

Small

25000 kW & below

Medium

100,000 kW

Large

above 100,000 kW

Based on Head
High

75 m & above

Medium

30-75 m & above

Low

3-30 m

Ultra low

below 3 m

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TYPE OF SCHEMES

RUN OF RIVER
No storage.
The output is subject to instantaneous flow.
Reliability of discharge and geological conditions should be ensured.

CANAL BASED
Utilizes the fall and flow in the canals.
May be planned in main canal or in bye-pass canal.
Nearby drops should be clubbed in existing canals.
In canals under planning concentrated drops should be considered.

DAM BASED
Dam toe schemes are most common in India.
Water stored during monsoon is utilized for power generation.

PUMP STORAGE

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Upper reservoir

Generating
Lower reservoir

Pumping

Pumped storage
power plant

Pumped Storage Scheme Configuration

Pumped storage (power system support

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COMPONENTS OF SMALL HYDROPOWER SCHEME

Diversion and Intake structure

Desilting chamber
Water conductor system- Channel/ Tunnel
Forebay/ Balancing reservoir/ Surge tank
Spillway
Penstock
Power house
Tail Race
Turbine, generator and controls
Transformer and switchyard

Identification/ allotment of SHP site

Reconnaissance survey
Assessment of head
Assessment of discharge
Assessment of geology
Environmental aspects

Pre-feasibility study

Not Feasible

Project
Dropped

Feasible
Detailed surveys and investigations
Topographical survey
Hydrological investigations
Geological investigations
Material survey
Environmental survey
Load survey
Socio-economic survey
Muck disposal survey

Feasibility study/detailed
project report
Investment decision for Execution

FLOW CHART FOR PROJECT PLANNING

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STAGES OF PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

Planning of the project
Execution or Implementation of the project

PLANNING OF THE PROJECT

Reconnaissance Survey/ Investigations Collection of data

Measurement
Analysis of data
Reconnaissance report
Conceptual plan
Status report
Pre-Feasibility Report (PFR) To establish technical feasibility
Detailed Survey and Investigations (DSI ) should be to the
extent depending upon stage of study.
Feasibility Study Detailed Project Report / Feasibility Report
(DPR/FR) -To establish technical feasibility as well financial
viability, Based on DPR investment decision is taken.
Arrangement of finances Loan, Equity, Grant- Financial
institution carry out their Techno-economic Appraisal

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EXECUTION STAGE

The execution of a simple construction project does not require a

specialist contract but a complex project requires specialist
contractor / agency
Pre- Construction Stage
o Review of plan / feasibility
o Statutory clearances / obligations
o Land Acquisition
o Detailed Engineering Designs
o Tendering & award of work
Construction Stage
o Construction of works
o Procurement/ installation of equipment
o Testing and commissioning

GLOBAL TENDERING / IMPORTS

May be only a few construction companies are available for
turnkey project
Global tenders should be invited for more complex and bigger
projects
This involves flow of foreign currency
Conversion rates
Govt. rules
Money should be available as the work progress.

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FACTORS FOR CONSIDERATION IN PLANNING

Steep slopes of rivers

Rapids and waterfalls
Narrow valleys
Major river bends

The following structures (new or existing) can be used for SHP

development

Canal falls and outfalls

Barrages/weirs/navigation locks
Cooling water return channels
Existing dam outlets and spillways

SITE SPECIFIC CONDITIONS IN THE PLANNING

OF SHP PROJECT

Meteorological data such as temperature, wind velocity, rainfall

etc.
High flood water levels in the river
Area geology, foundation conditions and slope stability
Condition of main road to the area, weight and width limitations
on bridges.
Access to site and space for structures and site roads.
Availability of construction materials (sand, aggregates and
impermeable fill, as required)
Local manpower, services and skills availability
Power evacuation

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PLANNING METHODOLOGY

Data Collection
Map studies
Field visit
Mapping and site geotechnical investigations
Conceptual design
Economic evaluation
Report on preliminary studies

PUMPED STORAGE SCHEME

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TYPICAL LAYOUT RUN OF RIVER SCHEME WITH UNDER

WATER CONDUCTOR SHIFT FROM ONE BANK TO OTHER

TYPICAL ALTERNATE LAYOUTS FOR WATER

CONDUCTOR SYSTEM FOR RUN OF RIVER SCHEMES

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LAYOUTS FOR A SITE WITH DIFFERENT TYPES OF

TURBINES

CASCADE DEVELOPMENT WITH STORAGE SCHEMES

CASCADE DEVELOPMENT WITH STORAGE AND RUN

OF RIVER SCHEMES

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CASCADE DEVELOPMENT WITH RUN OF RIVER SCHEMES

TYPICAL LAYOUT CASCADE ROR SCHEMES WITH

GAPS BETWEEN TWO SCHEMES

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TYPICAL ALTERNATE LAYOUTS OF CANAL FALL

BASED POWER HOUSES

TYPICAL LAYOUTS OF DAM TOE SCHEME

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TYPICAL LAYOUT OF SHP USING ABUTMENT OF AN

EXITING DAM

ARRANGEMENT FOR NEW SHP (ABONDONING OLD

POWERHOUSE) ON A RESERVOIR

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