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1. INTRODUCTION
Network congestion occurs when offered traffic load
exceeds available capacity at any point in a network. In
wireless sensor networks, congestion causes overall
channel quality to degrade and loss rates to rise. It also
leads to buffer drops and increased delays. Congestion
can occur due to simultaneous packet transmission by
multiple nodes as a result of event detection. If the data
sending rate of the sender is much higher than the data
handling or processing capacity of the receiver or if the
buffer space at the receiving node is not enough, then it
may get overflow and can cause data packet loss. So the
limited bandwidth, high data sending rate, convergent
nature of the network and event driven nature of the
network are important factors that cause congestion. To
address these challenges, a number of congestion control
schemes have been proposed.
Congestion control algorithms in WSNs are divided in
two categories. They are Traffic Control and Resource
Control. There are many congestion control algorithms
in WSNs that use traffic control techniques. They
actually control or avoid congestion by reducing the rate
in which sources inject packets into the network, until
congestion is removed. But these are not suitable in the
situations where generation of data is very high. In
WSNs, algorithms that use a single path to transmit data,
can soon exhaust the power of the nodes and create
holes in the network. To address these challenges, a
number of congestion control algorithms have been
Volume 2, Issue 4 July August 2013
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
H.323
RTSP
Media Codecs
RTP+RTCP
CCID3
CCID4
DCCP
IPV4
IPV6
3. CONCLUSION
Congestion control in wireless sensor network is a very
significant area to be considered. The algorithms
discussed here have the common objective of trying to
extend the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks. We
have highlighted different strategy and working
principles as well as pros and cons of these protocols. The
algorithms that use resource control technique are
Adaptive resource control scheme to alleviate congestion
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References
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[2] C.T. Ee and R. Bajcsy, Congestion Control and
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[3] Jaewon Kang, Badri Nath, Yanyong Zhang.
Adaptive resource control scheme to alleviate
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Workshop on Broadband Advanced Sensor
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[4] Kohler E., Handley M., Floyd S., Datagram
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