Professional Documents
Culture Documents
EDUCATION
A Review Material for the NCBTS-Based
2009 Licensure Examination for Teachers
Prepared by
Maria Ruth M.
Regalado
PNU-Manila
Competencies
1. Determine the roles of the teachers as active members of the community and as
global citizens responsible for the outcomes of their actions and for developing
other citizens.
2. Analyze historical, economic, socio-cultural, geographical, environmental,
political and social-psychological factors that affect the role of the school as an
agent of change.
3. Interpret educational problems in the light of philosophical and legal
foundations of education.
4. Apply the four pillars of learning in responding to the aspirations of the
community: learning to know; learning to do; learning to live together; learning
to be.
Content Coverage
1. Social Science Theories & Education
2. Four Pillars of Learning
3. Intercultural communication
CONTENT UPDATE
I. Social Science Theories & Education
Came from Learning the Treasure Within, the report of the International Commission on
Education for the 21st Century, chaired by Jacques Delors, published by UNESCO in 1996
Stresses that each individual must be equipped to seize learning opportunities
throughout life, both to broaden her/his knowledge, skills and attitudes, and adapt to a
changing, complex and interdependent world
Learning to Know
- To acquire the instruments of understanding, the passport of lifelong education, for
learning throughout life
- Implies learning how to learn by developing ones concentration, memory skills, and
ability to think; more on mastery of learning tools than acquisition of structured
knowledge
- Underpinned by pleasure that may be derived from understanding, knowledge, and
discovery
The key factor in the success of the human race in creating and preserving
culture
A reflection of the kind of person one is, the level of education attained, and an
index to the behavior that may be expected
Influences culture
Culture
A set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that characterize a
particular society or population (Ember, 1999)
The learned norms, values, knowledge, artifacts, language, and symbols that are
constantly communicated among people who share a common way of life (Calhoun,
et.al., 1994)
The sum total of symbols, ideas, forms of expressions, and material products
associated with a system (Johnson, 1996)
Characteristics of Culture
1. Culture is learned.
2. Culture is shared by a group of people.
3. Culture is cumulative.
4. Cultures change.
5. Culture is dynamic.
6. Culture is ideational.
7. Culture is diverse.
8. Culture gives a range of permissible behavior patterns.
Components of Culture
1. Communication language, symbols
2. Cognitive ideas, knowledge, beliefs, values, accounts
3. Material tools, medicines, books, transportation, technologies
4. Behavioral norms, mores, laws, folkways, rituals
Organization of Culture
Cultural trait Culture complexes Culture pattern
Cultural Transmission
1. Enculturation learning ones own culture
2. Acculturation learning new traits from another group
3. Assimilation an individual loses entirely of previous group identity and takes
on that of another group.
Importance and Functions of Culture
1. Culture helps the individual fulfill his potential as a human being.
2. Through the development of culture, one can overcome physical disadvantages
and allows provision of needs.
3. Culture provides rules of proper conduct for living in a society.
4. Culture provides an individual his/her concepts of family, nation or class.
Cultural Relativism
An approach to the question of the nature and role of values in culture
An anthropological approach which posits that all cultures are of equal value and
need to be studied in a neutral point of view
Social Institutions
Structures and mechanisms of social orders and cooperation that govern the behavior
of its members
A group of social positions, connected by social relations, performing a social role
Characteristics of an Institution
1. Institutions are purposive.
2. Institutions are relatively permanent in their content.
3. Institutions are structured.
4. Institutions are a unified structure.
5. Institutions are necessarily value-laden.
Functions of Institutions
1. Simplify social behavior for the individual person
2. Provide ready-made forms of social relations and roles for the individual
3. Act as agencies of coordination and stability for the total culture.
4. Tend to control behavior
Essential Tasks
1. Replacing members or procreation
2. Teaching new members
3. Producing, distributing, and consuming goods and services
4. Preserving order
5. Providing and maintaining a sense of purpose
Major Social Institutions
1. Family
2. Education
3. Religion
4. Economic institutions
5. Government
Gender Stereotyping
The beliefs humans hold about the characteristics associated with males and females
Gender & Equality
Gives women and men the same entitlements to all aspects of human development,
including economic, social, cultural, civil and political rights, the same level of respect
of power to shape the outcomes of these choices
Gender Inequality
Issues on Globalization
SOURCES:
Bilbao, P. P. B.B. Corpuz, A. T. Llagas, and G. G. Salandanan. (2006). The teaching profession. Quezon City: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
McNergney, R. F. and J. M. McNergney. (2001). Education: The practice and profession of teaching. USA: Pearson
Education, Inc.
Vega, V. A., N. G. Prieto, and M. L. Carreon. (2006). Social dimensions of education. Quezon City: Lorimar Publishing,
Inc.
CONTENT CHALLENGE
DIRECTIONS: Read each item carefully. Then choose the best answer.
1. Which social science theory is satisfied when people tend to agree and cooperate on a certain issue?
A. Conflict Theory
C. Interaction Theory
B. Consensus Theory
D. Structural Functionalist Theory
2. Who advocated on the theory that presents the struggle of social classes to maintain dominance and power in social
systems?
A. Blumer
C. Marx
B. Dahrendorf
D. Mead
3. What is believed to be the state of a society if there is absence of conflict and no disagreements manifest between
members of a society?
A. Consensus
C. Interaction
B. Equilibrium
D. Symbiosis
4. Which functional imperative by Parsons is being described when a system must clearly identify its primary tasks and
work out ways to achieve them?
A. Adaptation
C. Integration
B. Goal attainment
D. Latency
5. What is the assumption of a functionalist perspective about why society chooses a particular form or set-up?
A. That a society takes its particular form because that form works well for that society given its particular situation.
B. That a society chooses a particular form based on the prevailing trends common in other societies.
C. That a society tends to reject a particular form if it makes it subordinate to other societies.
D. That a society prefers a particular form because it is always useful in different situations.
6. Which pillar of education is being strengthened by a teacher who provides learning opportunities for his/her students
to develop their social skills and capacities to work with other members of the class?
A. Learning to know
C. Learning to live together
B. Learning to do
D. Learning to be
7. Which is the result of successfully learning to live together?
A. There will be group consensus.
B. There will be peace and harmony.
C. There will be excellence in work habits.
D. There will be a continuous drive to discover new knowledge.
8. What should teachers do so that the pillar of learning to be could be strengthened?
A. Give tasks where the students would grow holistically
B. Focus on the cognitive and affective development of students
C. Point out to the students the basics of becoming a complete person
D. Facilitate activities that emphasize on the students behavioral competence
9. A teacher facilitates an inquiry task to be participated in by at least 4 members per team. What pillar of learning is
strengthened in this situation?
A. Learning to know
C. Learning to live together
B. Learning to do
D. Learning to be
10. What is being stressed by the 4 Pillars of Learning?
A. The importance of equipping individuals with the learning tools for adaptation and interdependence.
B. The acquisition of updated knowledge about oneself, family, community and the world.
C. The acquisition of competence that enables people to work in teams in peace and harmony.
D. The value of equality, fairness and social justice to achieve harmony ant peace across the globe.
11. Which reflects the quality of a person?
A. Language
B. Educational attainment
C. Occupational skills
D. Structural context
12. What is not true about the relationship of culture and language?
A. The more languages one speaks, the richer his/her cultural background becomes.
B. The structure of a language determines the way in which speakers of that language view the world.
C. No amount of training can produce the more advanced uses of language found in people, no matter what their
culture.
D. An understanding of language can provide individuals with a better appreciation of the different cultures of people
with whom they may relate.
13. Which transmission of culture involves the process of learning some new traits from another culture?
A. Acculturation
B. Assimilation
C. Enculturation
D. Pluralism
14. Under which component of culture would books belong?
A. Behavioral
B. Cognitive
C. Communication
D. Material
15. Which exemplifies the function of culture where individuals can overcome their physical disadvantages?
A. The invention of the cellular phones enables family members to communicate with one another even between
great distances.
B. The establishment of rules of proper conduct for living in a society ensures orderliness and social justice.
C. The development of ones full potentials as a human being.
D. The creation of new needs and the arrangement of means to acquire them.
16. Which illustrates cultural relativism?
A. Practices that are considered taboo in a certain group but are acceptable to other groups.
B. Learning the folkways and social traditions of ones own group.
C. A Tuguegaraoeo moves to a point where s/he speaks only Visayan and assumes the folkways of the local group.
D. When students migrate from rural to urban areas, they learn some of the urban customs and routines.
17. Which does not provide an understanding of multicultural education?
A. Teachers integrate content concepts that give emphasis to a particular ethnicity.
B. Every student must have an equal opportunity to achieve her or his full potential.
C. Every student must be prepared to competently participate in an increasingly intercultural society.
D. Teachers must be prepared to effectively facilitate learning for every individual student, no matter how culturally
similar or different from themselves.
18. Which of these is the political function of schools?
A. Teach basic cognitive skills
B. Prepare students for their later occupational roles
C. Help students assimilate diverse cultural groups into a certain order
D. Socialize children into the various roles, behaviors and values of the society
19. Which social institution is concerned with the satisfaction of the material wants of a society?
A. Economic
B. Educational
C. Government
D. Religious
20. Which gender development theory believes that parents reinforce appropriate gender role behaviors?
A. Cognitive Developmental Theory
B. Gender Schema Theory
C. Interactionist Theory
D. Social Learning Theory
21. What does gender stereotyping mean?
A. The identification of factors that may influence the gender preference of a person
B. The beliefs humans hold about the characteristics associated with males and females
C. The actions done to equate the accessibility of guidance programs to improve gender concepts
D. The training that promotes sensitivity between and among men and women as to their capabilities and rights.
22. Which is the current understanding of the word gender?
A. Sexlessness
B. Prejudice against sexes
C. Discrimination against sexes
D. Subjectivity to sex preferences
23. Which situation does not manifest gender equality?
A. Men helping women advance their causes
B. Recognizing that women can improve themselves
C. Girls are enrolled in regular schools which used to be for boys only.
D. A glass ceiling which determines the peak of womens advancement in the levels of management
24. Which is a socio-cultural issue concerning globalization?
A. Economic coordination has become increasingly regulated well-regulated
B. The challenge to engage and work through contrasting models of language and kinship
C. Constraints on national/state policy-making posed by external demands from transnational institutions
D. Narrowing income of gaps between developed and developing countries through improvements in basic
education
25. Which does not contribute to the fall out of globalization?
A. Finance-related issues
B. Hiring of teachers
C. Internationalization of education
D. Privatization of secondary and higher education