2016- HH10-0202

PHNG TRNH NG THNG PHN 2

Bi 1. (B17)Vit phng trnh ng thng song song v cch ng thng d1 : ax + by + c = 0 mt khong bng h
cho trc.
Gi M ( x; y ) thuc ng thng .
Khi d ( M ; d1 ) = h

ax + by + c
2

a +b

= h ax + by + c = h a 2 + b 2

ax + by + c + h a 2 + b 2 = 0
.

ax + by + c h a 2 + b 2 = 0
SOL-B17
Bi 2. (B21) Cho M(2;3). Vit phng trnh ng thng ct hai trc ta A v B sao cho ABM l tam gic vung
cn ti nh M.
Gi A = Ox, B = Oy . C A ( a;0 ) , B ( 0; b ) , vi ( ab 0 )

MA = MB
,
MA MB MA.MB = 0

C h iu kin (I)

vi MA = ( a 2; 3) , MB = ( 2; b 3) .

a 2 4a = b 2 6b

Thay vo h (I), c

2a + 3b 13 = 0

, gii ra h v nghim.

KL: khng tn ti ng thng tha yu cu bi ton.

SOL-b21
Bi 3. (B22) Cho 1 : 2 x y + 5 = 0 , 2 : 3x + 6 y 1 = 0 v M(2;-1). Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M(2;-1)
v to vi hai ng thng 1 , 2 mt tam gic cn c nh l giao im ca 1 , 2 .
Cch 1: Nhn xt: ng thng tha YCBT
vung gc vi hai ng phn gic ca hai gc to bi 1 , 2 .
S: 3 x + y 5 = 0 hoc x 3 y 5 = 0 .
Cch 2: Tm VTCP ca ng thng Delta
SOL
Bi 4. (B25) Cho hai ng thng song song 1 : ax + by + c = 0 , 2 : ax + by + d = 0 . Chng minh rng
a) khong cch gia 1 , 2 bng

cd
a 2 + b2

b) Phng trnh ng thng song song v cch u 1 , 2 c dng ax + by +

c+d
= 0.
2

p dng: Cho hai ng thng song song c phng trnh ln lt l -3x + 4y 10 = 0 v -3x + 4y + 1 = 0. Lp phng
trnh ng thng song song v cch u hai ng thng trn.
a) Ly M ( x0 ; y0 ) 1 , c ax0 + by0 + c = 0 .
Khong cch gia 1 , 2 l d ( 1 , 2 ) = d ( M , 2 )

ax0 + by0 + d
2

a +b
SOL cu a)

cd
a2 + b2

b) Gi 3 l ng thng song song v cch u 1 , 2 .

Phng trnh
SOL cu b)
Bi 5. (B27) Vit phng trnh ng thng d1
a) Qua A(-2;0) v to vi ng thng d: x + 3y 3 = 0 mt gc 45o.

x = 2 + 3t
mt gc 60o.
y = 2t

b) Qua B(-1;2) v to vi ng thng d:

a) Gi n1 = ( a; b ) , a 2 + b 2 0 l VTPT ca d1; d c VTPT n = (1;3) .

Theo cos ( d1 , d ) = cos n1 , n = cos45o =

a + 3b
a 2 + b 2 . 10

1
2

1
2a 2 3ab 2b 2 = 0
2

a
b = 2

a = 1
b 2
SOL-cu a)

b) Gi u1 = ( a; b ) , a 2 + b 2 0 l VTCP ca d1; d c VTCP u = ( 3; 2 ) .

Theo cos ( d1 , d ) = cos u1 , u = cos60o

3a 2b
2

3 +2 . a +b

1
2

23a 2 48ab + 3b 2 = 0

a 24 507
=
23
b

a 24 + 507
=
23
b
SOL-cu b)
Bi 6. (B11) Cho d1: 2x y 2 = 0 v d2: x + y + 3 = 0 v im M(3;0).
a) Tm giao im ca d1 v d2.
b) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M, ct d1, d2 ln lt ti A, B sao cho M l trung im ca AB.
c) Vit phng trnh ng thng i qua M, ct d1, d2 ln lt ti C, D sao cho MC = 2 MD .

x = 2 t
.
y = t

Bi 7. Mt cnh tam gic c trung im M(-1;1). Hai cnh kia nm trn cc ng thng 2x + 6y + 3 = 0 v
Lp phng trnh ng thng cha cnh th ba ca tam gic.

Bi 8. (B32)Lp phng trnh ng thng d i qua P(6;4) v to vi hai trc ta c din tch bng 2.
Gi d Ox = A, d Oy = B , c A ( a;0 ) , B ( 0; b ) , ( ab 0 ) .
PT d c dng

C P thuc d

x y
+ =1
a b
6 4
+ = 1 (1)
a b

1
1
SOAB = OA.OB = ab = 2 ab = 4 (2)
2
2
T (1): c b =

4a
4a
, ( a 6 ) , thay vo (2): a
= 4 a 2 = a 6 (3);
a6
a6

Gii (3) c a= 2 hoc a = -3.

Vi a = 2 b = 2 ; Vi a=-3 => b=4/3.
SOL-B32
Bi 9. (B9) Lp phng trnh ng thng i qua Q(2;3) v ct cc tia Ox, Oy ti hai im M, N khc im O sao cho
OM + ON nh nht.
Gi M ( m; 0 ) , N ( 0; n ) , vi m > 0, n > 0 .

x y
+ =1.
m n
2 3
3m
Q + =1 n =
(v m =2 khng tha YCBT)
m n
m2
V n > 0 nn m > 2 .
3m
6
6
C OM + ON = m + n = m +
= m 2 +
+ 5 2 ( m 2) .
+5 = 2 6 +5.
m2
m 2
m 2
6
Du =
m2=
m = 2 + 6 (do m > 0).
m2
T n = 3 + 6 . Suy ra OM + ON nh nht l 2 6 + 5 khi m = 2 + 6; n = 3 + 6 .
x
y
KL: Phng trnh :
+
= 1.
2+ 6 3+ 6
Phng trnh c dng

Sol-B9