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HVAC Pump Handbook, Second Edition

by: James B. Rishel

Abstract: Design, install, and maintain HVAC pumps. Filled with case studies and problem-solving sections, this reference offers HVAC
engineers and technicians concrete methods for achieving efficient operation in utilizing the latest digital electronic technologies. Updated to
include the latest information ranging from codes to the electronic evolution in HVAC pumping systems.
Full details

Table of Contents

A. Preface

1. Digital Electronics and HVAC Pumps

2. Physical Data for HVAC System Design

3. Piping System Friction

4. Basics of Pump Design

5. Physical Description of HVAC Pumps

6. HVAC Pump Performance

7. Pump Drivers and Variable-Speed Drives

8. The Use of Water in HVAC Systems

9. Configuring an HVAC Water System

10. Basics of Pump Application for HVAC Systems

11. Open Cooling Tower Pumps

12. Pumps for Process Cooling

13. Pumping Open Thermal Storage Tanks

14. Chillers and Their Pumps

15. Chilled Water Distribution Systems

16. Closed Condenser Water Systems

17. Pumps for Closed Energy Storage Systems

18. Pumps for District Cooling and Heating

19. Steam and Hot Water Boilers

20. Low-Temperature Hot Water Heating Systems

21. Pumps for Medium- and High-Temperature Water Systems

22. Condensate, Boiler Feed, and Deaerator Systems

23. Instrumentation and Control for HVAC Pumping Systems

24. Testing HVAC Centrifugal Pumps

25. Installing HVAC Pumps and Pumping Systems

26. Factory-Assembled Pumping Systems

27. Operating HVAC Pumps

28. Maintaining HVAC Pumps

29. Retrofitting Existing HVAC Water Systems

30. Summary of HVAC Energy Evaluations

31. The Modern Two-Pipe Heating and Cooling System

32. Advanced Heat Recovery

A. Abbreviations

B. Terms and Nomenclature

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C. Glossary of Equations

D. Conversion of English Units to SI

E. ABOUT THE AUTHORS

Tools & Media

figure (268)
table (88)

Expanded Table of Contents

A. Preface

1. Digital Electronics and HVAC Pumps

Introduction
Computer-Aided Calculation of HVAC Loads and Pipe Friction
Hydraulic-Gradient Diagrams
Speed and Accuracy of Electronic Design of Water Systems
Databasing
Electronic Communication
Electronic Design of the Piping and Accessories
Electronic Selection of HVAC Equipment
Electronic Control of HVAC Water Systems
Electronics and HVAC Pumps
Electronics and Variable-Speed Pumps
Electronic Commissioning
Purpose of This Book

2. Physical Data for HVAC System Design

Introduction
Standard Operating Conditions
Thermal Equivalents
Water Data
Glycol-Based Heat-Transfer Fluid (HTF) Solutions
Steam Data
Areas and Volumes of Pipe and Tanks
Electrical Data
Efficiency Evaluations of HVAC Water Systems
Additional Reading

3. Piping System Friction

Maximum Velocity in Pipe
Pipe and Fitting Specifications
Steel Pipe Friction Analysis
Steel and Cast Iron Pipe Fittings
Thermoplastic Pipe
Copper Pipe and Tubing
Glycol Solutions
Hydraulic-Gradient Diagrams
Piping Network Analyses
Summary

4. Basics of Pump Design

Introduction
Centrifugal Pump Impeller Design
General Performance of a Centrifugal Pump
Sizing Centrifugal Pumps
Specific Speed of a Pump
Critical Speed of a Pump
Minimum Speed for a Variable-Speed Pump
Minimum Flow for HVAC Pumps
Two Types of Centrifugal Pumps for HVAC Service
Open or Closed Impellers
General Pump Design Information
The Quality of HVAC Pumps

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5. Physical Description of HVAC Pumps
Introduction
Physical Description of HVAC Pumps
Two Basic Types of Centrifugal Pumps
Positive-Displacement Pumps
Regenerative Turbine Pumps
Pump Construction
Internal Forces and Leakages in Centrifugal Pumps
Mechanical Devices for Pumps
Bibliography

6. HVAC Pump Performance

Introduction
Pump Head-Flow Curves
Series/Parallel Operation of Centrifugal Pumps
Affinity Laws of Pumps
Pump Suction Limitations
Pumping Energy
Pump Noise
Sources of Pump Information
Summary

7. Pump Drivers and Variable-Speed Drives

Introduction
Electric Motors
Variable-Speed Drives for Electric Motors
Steam Turbine Drives for HVAC Pumps
Engine-Driven Pumps
Summary

8. The Use of Water in HVAC Systems

Efficiency of Operation
Efficient Use of Water in HVAC Systems
Hot and Chilled Water Systems
Energy Comparison of the Three Systems
The Use of Balance Valves on Variable-Volume Systems
Elimination of Pump Head-Wasting Devices
Categorization of HVAC Water Systems
Suggested Design Rules
Eliminating Energy Waste During Commissioning
Bibliography

9. Configuring an HVAC Water System

Introduction
Selection of Temperature Differential
Modeling a Water System for System Head and Area
Static Pressure
Three Zones of HVAC Water Systems
Piping Configurations
Location of Expansion Tanks
Elimination of Air in HVAC Systems
Control of Return Water Temperature
Heat Exchangers for Hot and Chilled Water

10. Basics of Pump Application for HVAC Systems

Introduction
Point of Selection
Pump Speed
Proper Use of Affinity Laws
Computing Pump Performance
Number of Pumps
Mixing Constant- and Variable-Speed Pumps
Efficiency of a Pumping System
Wire-to-Water Efficiency Indication
Kilowatt Input for a Pumping System
Pump Control
Effects of Water Systems on Pump Performance

11. Open Cooling Tower Pumps

Introduction
Water Flow Conditions for Cooling Towers
Cooling Tower Piping
Location of Cooling Tower Pumps
Selection and Operation of Condenser Pumps
Special Condenser Water Circuits
Understanding Legionnaires’ Disease
Summary

12. Pumps for Process Cooling

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Introduction
Liquid Cooling
Energy Recovery
Gas Stream Cooling

13. Pumping Open Thermal Storage Tanks

Introduction
Cool Thermal Storage
Types of Cool Water Storage Systems
Chilled Water Storage
Open Ice Storage Systems
Eutectic Salt Systems
Decision as to the Type of Energy Storage System
Basics of Pump Application to Open Energy Storage Tanks
Types of Pumps for Thermal Storage
Operating Pumps on Thermal Storage Systems
Hot Water Storage
Summary

14. Chillers and Their Pumps

Introduction
Rating of Chillers
Chiller Energy Consumption
Circuiting Chilled Water to Chillers
Operating and Sequencing Chillers
Preferentially Loading Chillers
Fuel-Fired Absorption Chillers
Connecting Primary Pumps to Chillers (Primary-Secondary)
Connecting Multiple Chiller Plants
Effect of Water Temperatures on Chiller Performance

15. Chilled Water Distribution Systems

Introduction
Primary Systems
Primary-Secondary Systems
Primary-Secondary-Tertiary Pumping Systems
Comparison of Energy for Variable Primary with Primary/Secondary
Distributed Pumping
Consensus
Elimination of Nonfreeze, Preheat Coils
Direct Heat Transfer

16. Closed Condenser Water Systems

Introduction
Reasons for Closed Condenser Systems
Types of Closed Condenser Systems
Heat-Recovery Condenser Systems
Uses of Heat Reclaimed from Chillers
Condensing-Type Boiler Improves Heat Recovery
Pumping Aspects of Heat Recovery
Geothermal Systems
Storage of Hot Water
Summation

17. Pumps for Closed Energy Storage Systems

Introduction
Pressure Tanks for Energy Storage
Closed Energy Storage Systems with Open Tanks
Circuiting Internal Ice Melt Systems
Pumping Internal Ice Melt Systems
Bibliography

18. Pumps for District Cooling and Heating

Introduction
Model System for District Cooling
Calculating Central Energy Plant Static Pressure
Primary-Secondary Pumping System Analysis
Distributed Pumping System
Differential Temperature
Building Connections
District Heating
Conclusions

19. Steam and Hot Water Boilers

Introduction
Classification of Boilers
Types of Boilers by Materials of Construction
Types of Boilers: Condensing, or Noncondensing
Rating of Boilers

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Computing Boiler Water Flow
Connecting Pumps to Boilers
Reset of Boiler Temperature versus Zone Reset
Boiler Controls

20. Low-Temperature Hot Water Heating Systems

Introduction
Classification of Hot Water Systems
Sources of Heat for Hot Water Systems
Uses of Hot Water in HVAC Systems
Distribution of Low-Temperature Hot Water
Hot Water Design and Differential Temperatures

21. Pumps for Medium- and High-Temperature Water Systems

Introduction
Calculation of Water Flow
Calculation of Pump Head
Medium- and High-Temperature Water Generators
Distribution of Medium- and High-Temperature Water
Pumps for Medium- and High-Temperature Water Systems

22. Condensate, Boiler Feed, and Deaerator Systems

Introduction
Review of Steam Systems
Low-Pressure Steam Systems
High-Pressure Steam Systems
Steam Boilers
Condensate Systems for Steam Boilers
Design and Selection of Boiler Feed Pumps
Number of Boiler Feed Pumps
Condensate Transfer Pumps for Deaerators
Summary

23. Instrumentation and Control for HVAC Pumping Systems

Introduction
Transmitters
Indicators
Controllers
Control Wiring
Control Valves
Summation

24. Testing HVAC Centrifugal Pumps

Introduction
Objective
Types of Tests
Testing Procedures
Field Testing of Pumps
Test Instrumentation
Test Reports and Records

25. Installing HVAC Pumps and Pumping Systems

Introduction
Preinstallation Procedures
Pump and Pumping System Bases
Connecting Piping to Pumps
Electrical Provisions for Pumps
Alignment of Pumps and Motors
Initial Operation of Pumps
Summation

26. Factory-Assembled Pumping Systems

Introduction
Types of Factory-Assembled Pumping Systems
Advantages of Factory-Assembled HVAC Pumping Systems
Components of a Factory-Assembled Pumping System
Testing Pumping Systems
Summation

27. Operating HVAC Pumps

Introduction
Checking for Efficient Selection of HVAC Pumps
Constant- or Variable-Speed Pumps
Proper Selection and Operation of Variable-Speed Pumps
Control Signals for Speed Control
Sequencing and Alternation
Summary

28. Maintaining HVAC Pumps

Introduction

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Maintaining the Pumping Equipment at High Efficiency
Checking the Pump Itself
Checking the Pump Installation
Checking the Electrical Conduit and Piping Installation
Maintenance Observations and Scheduling
Summation

29. Retrofitting Existing HVAC Water Systems

Introduction
System Evaluation
Evaluation of Existing Procedures
System Configuration Modification
Summation

30. Summary of HVAC Energy Evaluations

Review of Efficiencies
System Efficiencies
Purpose of Efficiencies
Sustained System and Equipment Efficiencies
Summary

31. The Modern Two-Pipe Heating and Cooling System

Introduction
The Renaissance
Good Candidates
Handling Load Variations
Changeover
Equipment Safety
Energy Concerns
Dehumidification without Reheat
Piping Arrangements
Variations
Conclusions

32. Advanced Heat Recovery

Introduction
The Logic of Heat Recovery
Types of Heat Recovery Chillers
Heat Available from Chillers
Instrumenting a Dedicated Heat Recovery Chiller (DHRC)
Typical Piping for the DHRC
Heat Recovery Equations
The Uses of Recovered Heat
Domestic water heating
Other uses for recovered heat
Sizing the DHRC
Control of DHRC
Summary

A. Abbreviations

B. Terms and Nomenclature

C. Glossary of Equations
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Chapter 13
Chapter 14
Chapter 17
Chapter 19
Chapter 21
Chapter 22
Chapter 32

D. Conversion of English Units to SI

E. ABOUT THE AUTHORS

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Book Details

Title: HVAC Pump Handbook, Second Edition

Publisher: McGraw-Hill: New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Lisbon, London, Madrid, Mexico City, Milan, New Delhi, San Juan, Seoul, Singapore, Sydney,
Toronto
Copyright / Pub. Date: 2006, 1996 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
ISBN: 9780071457842
Authors:

James B. Rishel has been Owner and consultant in the pumping industry since the late 40’s. From 1960 to present, Rishel has been involved in the design and
operation of pumping systems. Significant projects include the Denver International Airport, National Institute of Standards and Technology, and National
Institute of Health. The author of three books including HVAC Pump Handbook and Water Pumps and Pumping Systems published by McGraw-Hill, he is a
member of ASHRAE Journal Editorial Board, and Hydraulic Institute Standards reviewer. Rishel’s other book, The Water Management Manual, was published
by Systecon Inc. to promote good pump application practice, particularly variable speed pump operation. It is a composite of a number of magazine articles and
company bulletins that he has written over the past twenty years.
Description: Design, install, and maintain HVAC pumps. Filled with case studies and problem-solving sections, this reference offers HVAC engineers and
technicians concrete methods for achieving efficient operation in utilizing the latest digital electronic technologies. Updated to include the latest information
ranging from codes to the electronic evolution in HVAC pumping systems.

McGraw Hill Companies

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