Professional Documents
Culture Documents
ALGEBRA
ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
GEOMETRIC FORMULAS
c
ad bc
a
b
d
bd
a
b
a
d
ad
c
b
c
bc
d
ab c ab ac
ac
a
c
b
b
b
G E OM E T RY
Circle
Sector of Circle
A 12 bh
12 ab sin
A r 2
C 2 r
A 2 r 2
s r in radians
x mn x m n
x
y
xyn x n y n
n
n
n
xy s
xs
y
s
xn
yn
n
n
x mn s
x m (s
x )m
n
x 1n s
x
xm
x mn
xn
1
xn n
x
x m x n x mn
Sphere
Cylinder
Cone
V 43 r 3
A 4 r 2
V r 2h
V 13 r 2h
n
x
x
s
n
y
sy
r
r
x 2 y 2 x yx y
x 3 y 3 x yx 2 xy y 2
x 3 y 3 x yx 2 xy y 2
BINOMIAL THEOREM
x y2 x 2 2xy y 2
x y2 x 2 2xy y 2
d sx 2 x12 y2 y12
x y3 x 3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3
x y3 x 3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3
x yn x n nx n1y
nn 1 n2 2
x y
2
n nk k
x y nxy n1 y n
k
n
nn 1 n k 1
where
k
1 2 3 k
Midpoint of P1 P2 :
x1 x 2 y1 y2
,
2
2
LINES
Slope of line through P1x1, y1 and P2x 2, y2:
QUADRATIC FORMULA
If ax 2 bx c 0, then x
b sb 2 4ac
.
2a
y2 y1
x 2 x1
y y1 mx x1
Slope-intercept equation of line with slope m and y-intercept b:
If a b, then a c b c.
y mx b
x a
x a
x a
means
x a or
means
a x a
means
x a or
x a
x a
CIRCLES
Equation of the circle with center h, k and radius r:
x h2 y k2 r 2
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE
REFERENCEPAGE
PAGE2
T R I G ON OM E T RY
ANGLE MEASUREMENT
FUNDAMENTAL IDENTITIES
radians 180
1
rad
180
180
1 rad
r
r
in radians
cos
tan
opp
hyp
csc
adj
hyp
sec
opp
adj
cot
hyp
opp
hyp
hyp
adj
opp
adj
adj
opp
y
r
r
y
csc
cos
x
r
sec
r
x
tan
y
x
cot
x
y
tan
sin
cos
cot
cos
sin
cot
1
tan
sin 2 cos 2 1
1 tan 2 sec 2
1 cot 2 csc 2
sin sin
cos cos
tan tan
sin
sin
2
cos
2
cot
2
tan
sin A
sin B
sin C
a
b
c
(x,y)
a
C
c
y
y=sinx
1
cos
a 2 b 2 c 2 2bc cos A
b 2 a 2 c 2 2ac cos B
sec
cos
1
sin
s r
sin
csc
c 2 a 2 b 2 2ab cos C
y=tanx
y=cosx
1
x
_1
2 x
_1
y=cscx
y=secx
y=cotx
2 x
2 x
2 x
tanx y
tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
tanx y
tan x tan y
1 tan x tan y
_1
_1
DOUBLE-ANGLE FORMULAS
TRIGONOMETRIC FUNC TIONS OF IMPORTANT ANGLES
radians
sin
cos
tan
0
30
45
60
90
0
6
4
3
2
0
12
s22
s32
1
1
s32
s22
12
0
0
s33
1
s3
2 tan x
1 tan2x
HALF-ANGLE FORMULAS
sin 2x
1 cos 2x
2
cos 2x
1 cos 2x
2
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 3
T A B L E O F I N T E R VA L S
Notation
Set description
a, b
a x b
Picture
a
Notation
Set description
a,
a,
, b
x a
x x a
x x b
x x b
a, b
a x b
a, b
a x b
a x b
a, b
Picture
, b
,
a
a
b
b
(set of all
real numbers)
SP E C I A L F U N C T I O N S
y
y
y=x$
y=x^
(_1, 1)
y=x #
y=
(1, 1)
y=x %
(1, 1)
0
(_1, _1)
n even
n odd
(iii) f x x 1
n
(ii) f x x 1n s
x , n a positive integer
(1,1)
0
y=
(1,1)
x
1
x
=x
#x
=
y=tan!x=arctanx
0
x
y
2
2
_ 2
lim tan1 x
x l
lim tan1 x
xl
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 4
SP E C I A L F U N C T I O N S
&?
ln x log e x,
y=
a x
y
ln e 1
where
ln x y &? e y x
Laws of Logarithms
logaa x x
a log a x x
lne x x
e ln x x
2. loga
x
y
4
1
10 4
loga x loga y
lim e x 0
x l
3. logax r r loga x
y=lnx
Cancellation Equations
y=x
lim ln x
x l 0
lim e x
xl
lim ln x
xl
y=logx
1.5
y=lnx
y=logx
y=logx
Exponential functions
Logarithmic functions
y=coshx
sinh x
e x ex
2
csch x
1
sinh x
y=tanhx
cosh x
e x ex
2
sech x
1
cosh x
tanh x
sinh x
cosh x
coth x
cosh x
sinh x
y=sinhx
sinh1x ln( x sx 2 1 )
&? sinh y x
&?
tanh y x
and
y0
cosh1x ln( x sx 2 1 )
tanh1x 12 ln
1x
1x
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 5
D I F F E R E N T I AT I O N R U L E S
GENERAL FORMULAS
1.
d
c 0
dx
2.
d
cf x c f x
dx
3.
d
f x tx f x tx
dx
4.
d
f x tx f x tx
dx
5.
d
f xtx f xtx txf x (Product Rule)
dx
6.
d
dx
7.
d
f tx f txtx (Chain Rule)
dx
8.
d
x n nx n1 (Power Rule)
dx
f x
tx
txf x f xtx
tx 2
(Quotient Rule)
d
e x e x
dx
10.
d
a x a x ln a
dx
11.
d
1
ln x
dx
x
12.
1
d
log a x
dx
x ln a
d
sin x cos x
dx
14.
d
cos x sin x
dx
15.
d
tan x sec 2x
dx
16.
d
csc x csc x cot x
dx
17.
d
sec x sec x tan x
dx
18.
d
cot x csc 2x
dx
d
1
sin1x
dx
s1 x 2
20.
d
1
cos1x
dx
s1 x 2
21.
d
1
tan1x
dx
1 x2
22.
d
1
csc1x
dx
x sx 2 1
23.
d
1
sec1x
dx
x sx 2 1
24.
1
d
cot1x
dx
1 x2
d
sinh x cosh x
dx
26.
d
cosh x sinh x
dx
27.
d
tanh x sech 2x
dx
28.
d
csch x csch x coth x
dx
29.
d
sech x sech x tanh x
dx
30.
d
coth x csch 2x
dx
d
1
sinh1x
dx
s1 x 2
32.
d
1
cosh1x
dx
sx 2 1
33.
d
1
tanh1x
dx
1 x2
34.
d
1
csch1x
dx
x
sx
21
35.
d
1
sech1x
dx
x s1 x 2
36.
d
1
coth1x
dx
1 x2
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 6
TABLE OF I NT EGRALS
BASIC FORMS
11.
12.
y tan u du ln sec u C
13.
y cot u du ln sin u C
14.
15.
y sin u du cos u C
16.
y sa
7.
y cos u du sin u C
17.
ya
8.
y sec u du tan u C
18.
y u su
9.
y csc u du cot u C
19.
ya
20.
yu
1.
y u dv uv y v du
2.
u n du
3.
du
ln u C
u
4.
ye
du e u C
5.
ya
du
6.
10.
u n1
C, n 1
n1
au
C
ln a
du
2
sin1
u
C, a 0
a
du
u
1
tan1 C
u2
a
a
du
2
u
1
sec1 C
a
a
du
ua
1
ln
2
u
2a
ua
du
ua
1
ln
a2
2a
ua
C
C
FORMS INVOLVING sa 2 u 2 , a 0
u
a2
ln(u sa 2 u 2 ) C
sa 2 u 2
2
2
21.
sa 2 u 2 du
22.
u 2 sa 2 u 2 du
23.
a sa 2 u 2
sa 2 u 2
du sa 2 u 2 a ln
u
u
24.
sa 2 u 2
sa 2 u 2
du
ln(u sa 2 u 2 ) C
2
u
u
25.
y sa
26.
y sa
27.
y u sa
28.
y u sa
29.
y a
u 2
a4
a 2u 2 sa 2 u 2
ln(u sa 2 u 2 ) C
8
8
du
u2
u 2 du
u
u2
du
ln(u sa 2 u 2 ) C
du
2
u2
u
a2
ln(u sa 2 u 2 ) C
sa 2 u 2
2
2
1
sa 2 u 2 a
ln
a
u
sa 2 u 2
C
a 2u
du
u
2
C
u 2 32
a sa 2 u 2
Unless otherwise noted, all content on this page is Cengage Learning.
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 7
TABLE OF I NT EGRALS
FORMS INVOLVING sa 2 u 2 , a 0
u
u
a2
sin1 C
sa 2 u 2
2
2
a
30.
sa 2 u 2 du
31.
u 2sa 2 u 2 du
32.
a sa 2 u 2
sa 2 u 2
du sa 2 u 2 a ln
u
u
33.
u
1
sa 2 u 2
du sa 2 u 2 sin1 C
2
u
u
a
34.
y sa
35.
y u sa
36.
y u sa
37.
y a
38.
y a
u
u
a4
2u 2 a 2 sa 2 u 2
sin1 C
8
8
a
u 2 du
u
du
u
du
u
u
a2
sin1 C
sa 2 u 2
2
2
a
a sa 2 u 2
1
ln
a
u
1
sa 2 u 2 C
a 2u
u 2 32 du
3a 4
u
u
2u 2 5a 2 sa 2 u 2
sin1 C
8
8
a
du
u
2
C
2 32
u
a sa 2 u 2
FORMS INVOLVING su 2 a 2 , a 0
u
a2
ln u su 2 a 2 C
su 2 a 2
2
2
39.
su 2 a 2 du
40.
u 2su 2 a 2 du
41.
a
su 2 a 2
C
du su 2 a 2 a cos1
u
u
42.
su 2 a 2
su 2 a 2
du
ln u su 2 a 2 C
2
u
u
43.
y su
u
a4
2u 2 a 2 su 2 a 2
ln u su 2 a 2 C
8
8
du
2
a2
u 2 du
44.
y su
45.
y u su
46.
y u
a2
ln u su 2 a 2 C
du
u
a2
ln u su 2 a 2 C
su 2 a 2
2
2
su 2 a 2
C
a 2u
du
u
C
2 32
2
a
a su 2 a 2
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 8
TABLE OF I NT EGRALS
FORMS INVOLVING a bu
47.
y a bu b
48.
u du
1
y a bu 2b [a bu
49.
y ua bu a ln
50.
y u a bu au a
51.
y a bu
52.
y ua bu
u du
(a bu a ln a bu ) C
du
du
du
54.
y u sa bu du 15b
55.
y sa bu 3b
56.
y sa bu 15b
57.
y u sa bu sa ln
2
sa
sa bu sa
C, if a 0
sa bu sa
tan1
a bu
C,
a
sa bu
du 2 sa bu a
u
59.
b
sa bu
sa bu
du
u2
u
2
60.
y u sa bu du b2n 3
61.
y sa bu
62.
y u sa bu an 1u
if a 0
y u sa bu
du
du
8a 2 3b 2u 2 4abu sa bu C
58.
u n du
bu 2a sa bu C
a2
2a ln a bu C
a bu
a bu
2
a bu
u
u 2 du
1
3
2
a bu
b
du
ln
a bu
1
1
2 ln
aa bu
a
u
53.
u 2 du
a
1
2 ln a bu C
b 2a bu
b
u du
u
a bu
u du
4aa bu 2a 2 ln a bu ] C
y u sa bu
du
u na bu32 na
2u nsa bu
2na
b2n 1
b2n 1
sa bu
n1
yu
n1
sa bu du
u n1 du
y sa bu
b2n 3
2an 1
yu
du
sa bu
n1
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 9
TABLE OF I NT EGRALS
TRIGONOMETRIC FORMS
1
u 14 sin 2u C
76.
y cot u du n 1 cot
u 4 sin 2u C
77.
y tan u du tan u u C
78.
66.
y cot u du cot u u C
79.
y sin au sin bu du
67.
80.
y cos au cos bu du
68.
y cos u du
1
3
2 cos 2u sin u C
81.
y sin au cos bu du
69.
y tan u du
1
2
tan 2u ln cos u C
82.
70.
y cot u du
83.
71.
y sec u du
84.
yu
sin u du u n cos u n
72.
y csc u du
1
2
yu
cos u du u n sin u n
73.
sin nu du
1
n1
sin n1u cos u
n
n
74.
1
n1
cos u du cos n1u sin u
n
n
75.
y tan u du n 1 tan
63.
y sin u du
1
2
64.
y cos u du
1
2
65.
1
3
1
2
1
2
cot 2u ln sin u C
y cos
n1
y tan
sin n2u du
86.
y cot
y sec
n2
n2
n1
y csc
n2
n2
n2
u du
u du
n2
n1
n2
n2
u du
u du
sin a bu
sin a bu
C
2a b
2a b
y sin u cos u du
n
n1
sin a bu
sin a bu
C
2a b
2a b
cos a bu
cos a bu
C
2a b
2a b
yu
yu
n1
n1
cos u du
sin u du
nm
nm
nm
nm
y sin
n2
u cosmu du
y sin u cos
n
m2
u du
n2
u du
y sin
88.
y cos
u du u cos1u s1 u 2 C
y tan
u du u tan1u ln1 u 2 C
89.
u du u sin1u s1 u 2 C
92.
y u tan
93.
yu
94.
95.
yu
1
2
90.
2u 2 1
u s1 u 2
u sin1u du
sin1u
C
4
4
91.
u cos1u du
2u 2 1
u s1 u 2
cos1u
C
4
4
u du
u2 1
u
tan1u C
2
2
sin1u du
1
n1
u n cos1u du
1
n1
tan1u du
1
n1
u n1 sin1u
u n1 du
y s1 u
, n 1
u n1 du
u n1 cos1u
y s1 u
u n1 tan1u
, n 1
u n1 du
, n 1
1 u2
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.
REFERENCE PAGE 10
TABLE OF I NT EGRALS
y ue
97.
yue
98.
ye
au
99.
ye
au
au
du
n au
1
au 1e au C
a2
1 n au
n
u e
a
a
du
yu
n1 au
e du
sin bu du
e au
a sin bu b cos bu C
a b2
cos bu du
e au
a cos bu b sin bu C
a b2
100.
y ln u du u ln u u C
101.
yu
102.
y u ln u du ln ln u C
ln u du
u n1
n 1 ln u 1 C
n 12
HYPERBOLIC FORMS
y csch u du ln tanh u C
109. y sech u du tanh u C
110. y csch u du coth u C
111. y sech u tanh u du sech u C
112. y csch u coth u du csch u C
y sinh u du cosh u C
104. y cosh u du sinh u C
105. y tanh u du ln cosh u C
106. y coth u du ln sinh u C
107. y sech u du tan sinh u C
au
ua
a2
cos1
s2au u 2
2
2
a
113.
y s2au u
114.
u s2au u 2 du
115.
au
s2au u 2
du s2au u 2 a cos1
u
a
116.
2 s2au u 2
au
s2au u 2
du
cos1
2
u
u
a
117.
y s2au u
118.
y s2au u
du
du
u du
u 2 du
119.
y s2au u
120.
y u s2au u
au
a
du
C
C
au
a
au
u 3a
3a 2
cos1
s2au u 2
2
2
a
s2au u 2 a cos1
au
2u 2 au 3a 2
a3
cos1
s2au u 2
6
2
a
cos1
1
2
108.
103.
s2au u 2
C
au
Copyright 2012 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part. Due to electronic rights, some third party content may be suppressed from the eBook and/or eChapter(s).
Editorial review has deemed that any suppressed content does not materially affect the overall learning experience. Cengage Learning reserves the right to remove additional content at any time if subsequent rights restrictions require it.