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Noncovalent bond
Ionic bonding
Hydrophilic/hydropho
bic
Dispersions of lipids
in H2O/hydrophobic
effect
Emergent property
bonds
-H-bonds: noncovalent b/w H atom and
electronegative atom
-ionic: anions and cations attracted to each other
-Van der Waals: weak, reversible, dont share
electrons
-oppositely charged regions of neighbors are
attracted to each other
-cohesive
-versatile as solvent
-expands upon freezing
-ability to moderate temperature
-polar covalent bonds: oppositely charged regions of
neighbors are attracted to each other
-hydration shell: sphere of water molecules that
surround each dissolved ion
-ionic bonds are weaker in liquid than dry salt crystal
-can form b/w ions even if electron is not transferred
-ionic compound: salt formed by ionic bonds
-hydrophilic: water loving ex) cotton
-hydrophobic: nonionic, nonpolar, water hating ex) oil
-hydrophobic bonds: H2O forces hydrophobic
groups together to minimize disruption
-each lipid molecule forces H2O molecules to very
ordered
-therefore, clusters are formed where entropy
increase and less H2O are ordered
-micelles: all hydrophobic groups have tails facing
inward, away from H2O
-compound has different chemical/physical properties
from its elements
Sex
hormones/steroids
4 main biological
molecules
Lipids
Fats
Phospholipid
Steroid
Dehydration reaction
Hydrolysis
Carbohydrates
Sugars
Storage
polysaccharides
Structural
polysaccharides
Nucleic acid
Nucleotide polymers
DNA
tRNA
Proteins
Polypeptide
Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure
Sickle cell disease
Overview of protein
functions
Smooth ER
Rough ER
Golgi
Lysosome
Autophagy
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endosymbiont theory
Thylakoid
Granum
Stroma
Plastids
Peroxisome
Microtubule
Centrosome
Centriole
Flagella/cilia
Cilia
Microfilament
Tight junction
Gap junctions
(communication
junctions)
Intermediate
filaments
Collagen
Proteoglycans