CLASSIFI CATION OF OBLIGATIONS

(a) According to the PRIMARY classification of the Civil Code:

1) pure as distinguished from conditional
2) pure as distinguished from that with a period or term
3) alternative or facultative obligations (as distinguished from
conjunctive)
4) joint as distinguished from solidary
5) divisible as distinguished from indivisible
6) with a penal clause (as distinguished from those without)
(b) SECONDARY classification by the Civil Code:
1) unilateral as distinguished from bilateral (Arts. 1168, 1191).
2) real and personal (Arts. 1164-1165).
3) determinate and generic (Arts. 1167, 1168).
4) positive and negative (See Arts. 1167, 1168).
5) legal, conventional, penal (Arts. 1156, 1158, 1159, 1161).
6) civil and natural.
(c) According to Sanchez Roman, IV, 20-24:
1) According to juridical quality and efficaciousness
a) Natural according to natural law
b) Civil according to civil law
c) mixed according to both natural and civil laws
2) by the parties or subjects
a) unilateral, bilateral
b) individual, collective
c) joint, solidary
3) by the object of the obligation
a) specific c, generic
b) positive, negative
c) real, personal
d) possible, impossible
e) divisible, indivisible
f) principal, accessory
g) simple, compound
[If compound may be
(1) conjunctive demandable at the same time
(2) distributive either alternative or facultative]
(d) Classification by the Code according to Defects:
1) No defect valid
2) Defective
a) rescissible
b) voidable
c) unenforceable
d) void