Jharkhand

2 Geography and climate

Jharkhand (lit. Bushland) is a state in eastern India

carved out of the southern part of Bihar on 15 November
2000.[3] The state shares its border with the states of Bihar
to the north, Uttar Pradesh and Chhattisgarh to the west,
Odisha to the south, and West Bengal to the east. It has an
area of 79,710 km2 (30,778 sq mi). The city of Ranchi
is its capital while the industrial city of Jamshedpur is the
most populous city of the state.

At 1366 m Parasnath is the highest point in the state of

Jharkhand.[9] It is easily accessible from Parasnath railway station.[10] At present 29.61% of the states total landmass is covered by forest.[11]

3 Flora and fauna

1

History

Part of the reason for the variety and diversity of ora

and fauna found in Jharkhand state may be accredited
to the Palamau Tiger Reserves under the Project Tiger.
Main article: History of Jharkhand
This reserve is abode to hundreds of species of ora and
fauna,[12] as indicated within brackets: mammals (39),
[4] snakes (8), lizards (4), sh (6), insects (21), birds (170),
According to writers including Gautam Kumar Bera,
there was already a distinct geo-political, cultural en- seed bearing plants and trees (97), shrubs and herbs (46),
tity called Jharkhand even before the Magadha Empire. climbers, parasites and semi-parasites (25), and grasses
Beras book (page 33) also refers to the Hindu epic and bamboos (17).
Bhavishya Purana. The tribal rulers, some of whom
continue to thrive till today were known as the Munda
Rajas,[5][6] who basically had ownership rights to large 4 Demography
farmlands.[7] Many scholars now believe that the language
used by tribes in the state of Jharkhand is identical to
Main article: Tribes of Jharkhand
the one used by Harappan people. This has led to interest in deciphering Harappa inscriptions using rock paintings and language used by these tribes. For a greater Jharkhand has a population of 32.96 million, consisting
part of Vedic age, Jharkhand remained unnoticed. Dur- of 16.93 million males and 16.03 million females. The
ing the age of Mahajanpadas around 500 BC, India saw sex ratio is 947 females to 1000 males. The population
the emergence of 16 large states that controlled the entire consists of 28% tribal peoples, 12% Scheduled Castes
Indian subcontinent. In those days the northern portion and 60% others. The population density of the state is
of Jharkhand state was a tributary state of Magadha (an- 414 persons per square kilometre of land; it varies from
cient Bihar) Empire and southern part was a tributary of as low as 148 per square kilometre in Gumla district to as
high as 1167 per square kilometre in Dhanbad district.
Kalinga (ancient Odisha) Empire.

1.1

Census data since 1881 has shown a gradual decline of

tribal population in Jharkhand as against the gradual increase of non-tribal population in the region. The reasons given for this are the low birth rate and high death
rate among the tribes; immigration of non-tribal peoples;
emigration of tribal peoples; and the adverse eects of
industrialisation and urbanisation in the region. Tribal
leaders assert, however, that their numbers are not as low
as recorded by the census, that they are still in the majority, and that they remain a demographic force to reckon
with.

Post-independence

After the last Assembly election in the state threw up a

hung Assembly, RJDs dependence on the Congress extended support on the precondition that RJD will not pose
a hurdle to the passage of the Bihar Reorganization Bill
(Jharkhand Bill). Finally, with the support from both
RJD and Congress, the ruling coalition at the Centre led
by the BJP which has made statehood its mail poll plank
in the region in successive polls earlier, cleared the Jharkhand Bill in the monsoon session of the Parliament this
year, thus paving the way for the creation of a separate
Jharkhand state.[8]

From the rst regular Indian census of 1872, tribal

denominations of the population have been regularly
recorded in some form or the other. The Schedules tribes
have been last notied under the Government of India,
1

8 NAXAL INSURGENCY

Ministry of Home Aairs Notication issued under Ar- 6.2

ticle 341 (i) and 342 (ii) of the constitution in 1956.

Major Cities

During the rst census of 1872 the following 18 7 Government and politics
tribal communities were listed as the Aboriginal Tribes:
(1)Khorta (2) Binjhia, (3) Gond, (4) Ho, (5) Kharia, (6) Main articles: Government of Jharkhand and Jharkhand
Kharwar, (7) Khond, (8) Kisan, (9) Korwa, (10) Mal Pa- Legislative Assembly
haria, (11) Munda, (12) Oraon, (13) Santhal, (14) Sauria
Paharia, (15) Savar, (16) Bhumij, (17) Birhor Chero.
Jharkhand is represented by 14 seats in the Lok Sabha
According to the 2001 census[15] Jharkhand had and 6 in the Rajya Sabha. The State Legislative Assem26,945,829 inhabitants.
bly consists of 81 seats. Jharkhand was under the Chief
Minister Raghubar Das after, Hemant Soren of the JMM,
resigned as the eighth Chief Minister of Jharkhand, from
13 July 2013. On 28 December 2014, Raghubar Das of
the Bhartiya Janata Party, was sworn-in as the tenth CM
of the state, after his party emerged as the biggest party
5 Religion
in assembly elections.
Main article: Sarnaism

Religion in Jharkhand (2011)[16]

Jagannathpur Temple

Hinduism (67.8%)
Islam (14.5%)
Sarnaism (12.8%)
Christianity (4.3%)
Not religious (0.6%)

Jharkhand has many political parties like national and regional e.g., INC, BJP, JMM, JVM, AJSU, RJD, JD(U),
CPI(M),etc. are the major parties.

8 Naxal insurgency
As per 2011 Census of India, Hinduism is the major
religion in the state with 67.8% adherents followed by
Islam (14.5%) and Christianity (4.3%).[17] Other religions constitute 12.8% of state population, which is primarily Sarnaism. The total population of Jharkhand is
3.2 crore, of which Hindus are 2.2 crore (67.8%).

6
6.1

Administration
Divisions and Districts

Jharkhand has been at the centre of the Naxalite-Maoist

insurgency. Since the uprising of the Naxalites in
1967, 6,000 people have been killed in ghting between
the Naxalites and counter-insurgency operations by the
police, and its paramilitary forces .[19]
Despite having a presence in almost 7.80% of Indias
geographical area[20] (home to 5.50% of Indias population), the state of Jharkhand is part of the Naxal
Belt comprising 92,000 square kilometres,[20] where the
highest concentrations of the groups estimated 20,000
combatants[21] ght. Part of this is due to the fact that
the state harbours a rich abundance of natural resources,
while its people live in abject poverty and destitution.[22]
The impoverished state provides ample recruits for the
communist insurgents, who argue that they are ghting
on behalf of the landless poor that see few benets from

3
the resource extractions.[22] As the federal government
holds a monopoly on sub-surface resources in the state,
the tribal population is prevented from staking any claim
on the resources extracted from their land.[22] In response,
the insurgents have recently begun a campaign of targeting infrastructure related to the extraction of resources
vital for Indian energy needs, such as coal.[20]

bauxite (3rd), Manganese, limestone, china clay, re clay,

graphite (8th), kainite (1st), chromite (2nd), thorium
(3rd), sillimanite, uranium (Jaduguda mines, Narwa Pahar) (1st), gold (Rakha Mines) (6th), silver and several other minerals. Large deposits of coal and iron
ore support concentrations of industries, in centres like
Jamshedpur, Dhanbad, Bokaro and Ranchi. Tata Steel,
a S&P CNX 500 conglomerate, has its corporate oce
in Jharkhand. NTPC will start coal production from its
captive mine in state in 201112, for which the company
will be investing about Rs 1,800 crore.[24]

10 Education
See also: List of institutions of higher education in
Jharkhand

A crocodile at Muta crocodile breeding centre at Ormanjhi,

Ranchi

On 5 March 2007, Sunil Mahato, a member of the national parliament, was shot dead by Naxalite rebels while
watching a football match on the Hindu festival of Holi
near Kishanpur, 160 km (99 mi) east of the state capital, Ranchi.[16] His wife, Suman Mahato, the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha candidate, won the Jamshedpur Lok
Sabha by-election in September 2007. Mahato defeated
her nearest rival, Dinesh Sarangi of the Bharatiya Janata
Party, by a margin of 58,816 votes.[19]

As per the 2011 census conducted by Government of

India the ocial literacy rate for the state was 67.63%
(Male: 78.45%; Female: 56.21%) with 9 districts above
the average literacy rate:[25][26]
1. Ranchi: 77.13% (Male: 85.53%; Female: 68.20%)
2. East Singhbhum (Jamshedpur): 76.13% (Male:
84.51%; Female: 67.33%)
3. Dhanbad:
64.70%)

75.71% (Male:

85.68%; Female:

4. Ramgarh:
63.49%)

73.92% (Male:

83.51%; Female:

5. Bokaro: 78.48% (Male: 84.50%; Female: 61.46%)

Economy

6. Hazaribagh: 70.48% (Male: 81.15%; Female:

59.25%)
7. Saraikela Khasawan: 68.85% (Male: 81.01%; Female: 56.19%)
8. Kodarma:
54.77%)
9. Lohardaga:
57.86%)
10. Deoghar:
53.39%)

Open-cast mining in the Jharia coaleld

Jharkhand has several towns and innumerable villages

with civic amenities. Urbanization ratio is 24.1% and
the per capita annual income is US$726.8.[23] Jharkhand also has immense mineral resources: minerals ranging from (ranking in the country within bracket) from
iron ore (1st), coal(3rd), copper ore (1st), mica (1st),

68.35% (Male:

81.25%; Female:

68.29% (Male:

78.62%; Female:

66.34% (Male:

79.13%; Female:

Jharkhand has a network of government and privately run

schools, although standards of teaching vary considerably
from place to place, as also from school to school.
After formation of new state, Jharkhand Education
Project Council (JEPC) has been implementing four
projects for spread of elementary education namely
DPEP, SSA, NPEGEL, KGBV. Hence works have been
accomplished in the state towards achieving the goal of
UEE but due to slow pace, the target of hundred percent

10

EDUCATION

enrolment and retention of children in schools is not yet High dropout rates and wasted primary education projects
attained.[27]
are serious concerns.[30]
Jharkhand has made primary education so accessible that
95% of children of ages 611 are enrolled in school, as
opposed to 56% in 199394, so this will likely to improve literacy a great deal. Some of the better known
schools which operate chain of school nationally and regionally are Holy Cross School, Vikas Vidyalaya, Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalaya,Dav School, St. Thomas School,
Delhi Public School, Oxford Public School, De Nobili
School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, Chinmaya Public School,
Loyola school, Sacred Heart School, St. Xaviers, Shishu
Mandir, Surendranath centenary School,Dav Bariatu, etc.
Students from Jharkhand have proved themselves on national as well as international level. Students from the
state have always ranked well in almost all the national
level competitive exams.[28]

10.1

Schools

Loyola School, Jamshedpur is one of the oldest schools

in Jharkhand. The institution was established in 1947 by
the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), a Roman Catholic religious
order founded by St. Ignatius Loyola in 1540. The network of around 21,386 government and private schools
includes:
Bishops School (Ranchi)
Bishop Westcott Boys School
Chinmaya Vidyalaya, Bokaro
DAV Public School, Hehal
Delhi Public School, Bokaro
Delhi Public School, Dhanbad
Delhi Public School, Ranchi
Kailash roy Saraswati vidya Mandir, Jhumri Telaiya
Little Flower School, Jamshedpur
Loyola School, Jamshedpur
Sacred Heart Convent School (Jamshedpur)
Sainik School, Tilaiya
St. Anthonys School, Ranchi
St. Johns High School, Ranchi

Guru Nanak Hr Sec School, Ranchi

St. Xaviers School (Bokaro)

Students can begin school when they turn ve years old,

with free and compulsory primary education available for
all children up to age 14. Every school is aliated to the
state board of secondary education, the CBSE, or with
the ICSE. State schools use Hindi as their medium of instruction. Schools aliated to CBSE or ICSE, instead
use English. One notable national educational scheme,
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan attempts to universalize elementary education through district-based, decentralized planning stressing community ownership of the school system.

Surendranath Centenary School, Ranchi

The medium of instruction in schools is Hindi/English

with English/Hindi/Sanskrit/Bengali/Odia as second language. After 10 years of schooling, students can
join 2 years of Intermediate course (or +2 courses)
in Arts, Science and Commerce. This is followed
by 3 years of degree courses (graduation) or 4 years
of Engineering/Agriculture/Medicine degree. On May
2008, Jharkhand became the rst in India to introduce
free haircuts for poor students. 40,000 barbers will be
employed with a monthly salary of 1000 rupees (25 US
dollars) which will cost the state government 40 million
rupees (1 million US dollars).[29]

10.2 Universities and colleges

Government and private groups operate colleges. Several
institutes and research centers are located in this state.
Together, these oer a wide range of courses in Undergraduate, Post-Graduate and PhD levels in science,
medicine, engineering and commerce. The Jharkhand
Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board
caters to 3 Medical (Degree) stream colleges, 1 Agriculture University, 10 Diploma to Degree stream colleges,
16 Engineering (Diploma) stream colleges, 1 Hotel Management and Catering stream college, 2 Post-Graduate
Medical (Diploma/Degree) stream colleges, and to 10
Engineering Degree stream colleges in the state.[31]
The colleges in Jharkhand are aliated with the states
universities, namely Ranchi University, Birsa Agricultural University, and Vinoba Bhave University, oering
degrees in computer applications, information science,
bio-medical instrumentation, biotechnology, pharmaceutical sciences, business and hotel Management. The

10.4

Medical colleges

most notable legal and technological institutes in Jharkhand are the National University of Study and Research
in Law[NUSRL(NLU Ranchi)], Ranchi,[32] Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad, BIT Mesra, National
Institute Of Foundry and Forge Technology (NIFFT),
Ranchi and the NIT Jamshedpur, which oer engineering and technology degrees at the undergraduate, postgraduate and doctoral level.
Ranchi University, Ranchi.
Birsa Agricultural University, Kanke, Ranchi.
Sido Kanhu Murmu University, Dumka.
Vinoba Bhave University, Hazaribagh.
Kolhan University, Chaibasa.
Nilamber Pitamber University , Medininagar.
National University of Study and Research in Law,
Ranchi.
Jharkhand Rai University, Ranchi.
Central University of Jharkhand, Brambe Ranchi

Birla Institute of Technology Main Building

Birsa Institute of Technology Sindri, Dhanbad

National Institute of Foundry and Forge Technology
(NIFFT)
Indian Institute of Agricultural Biotechonology,
Gharkhatanga, Ranchi
St Xaviers College, Ranchi
Indian Institute of Management, Ranchi (IIM
Ranchi)

10.4 Medical colleges

MGM MEdical College and hospital (MGMMCH)
at Jamshedpur
Patliputra Medical College & Hospital (PMCH) at
Dhanbad
Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS) at
Ranchi

XLRI, in Jamshedpur.

10.3

11 Health

Engineering and Management Institutes

Jharkhand has a number of engineering and management

colleges:
Indian Institute of Technology (ISM) Dhanbad
XLRI- Xavier School of Management, Jamshedpur
Xavier Institute of Social Service (XISS)[33]
National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur
Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi

Chandrapura hospital

6
On account of salubrious climate, Jharkhand, particularly its capital Ranchi, has been like a health resort.
As far back as 1918, facilities were set up for treatment of mentally challenged.[34] European Mental Hospital was established along with Indian Mental Hospital.
Today they are called Central Institute of Psychiatry and
Ranchi Institute of Neuro-psychiatry and Allied Sciences
respectively. In certain areas of Jharkhand, poverty and
consequent malnutrition have given rise to diseases like
tuberculosis (TB). In fact, TB has assumed epidemic proportions in certain areas of the state. For management
and treatment of such TB, Itki TB Sanatorium, Ranchi,
established in 1928 has been doing exemplary work as a
premier institute for clinical and programmatic management of TB. The Itki TB Sanatorium is well equipped
and accredited by Government of India for quality assurance and Culture and Drug Sensitivity Testing for M.TB.
It provides free of cost treatment for TB as well as Drug
resistant TB. Likewise, in the eld of treatment of cancer, Tata Main Hospital, Jamshedpur,[35] is rendering pioneering work. In the same way Bokaro General Hospital
equipped with modern facilities for the treatment Cancer
and heart related problems with capacity of 1100 beds
one of the largest in eastern India.

13

MEDIA

Cricketer Mahendra Singh Dhoni is from Ranchi in Jharkhand

by Sania Mirza and Shoaib Malik, also runs besides the

Cricket stadium.[43] Ranchi is among six cities in Hockey
India League to be played in January 2013. Ranchi franchise was bought by Patel-Uniexcel Group and the team
named Ranchi Rhinos which is now being co-hosted by
Mahendra Singh Dhoni and named as Ranchi Rays.[44]
Ranchi is also famous for being the hometown of World
Cup winning Captain of Indian Cricket team, Mahendra
Fluoride in groundwater presents a public health probSingh Dhoni. Indias ace archer Deepika Kumari, gold
lem in Jharkhand. A recent survey led by the Birla Inmedal winner of Commonwealth Games 2010, also hails
stitute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi in collaboration
from Ranchi.[45]
with UNICEF in the northwest districts of Palamau and
Garhwa found uoride levels above the drinking WHO
drinking water guidelines.[36] Excessive amounts of uoride in drinking water can lead to dental uorosis, preva- 13 Media
lent bone fractures, and skeletal uorosis, an irreversible
disabling condition.[37] Some work has focused on com Print media include the Hindi newspapers, namely,
bating uorosis through increased calcium intake by conPrabhat Khabar, Hindustan and Dainik Jagran,
suming local plants.[38] Researchers at Princeton UniverDainik Bhaskar and Jharkhand Jagran published
sity and the Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi
from the state capital, Ranchi and available in almost
are currently investigating deuoridation options, while
all parts of the state. English newspapers like The
performing an epidemiological survey to assess the exPioneer,[46] the Times of India and the Hindustan
tent of uoride linked health problems and the impact of
Times are published from Ranchi and are available
future interventions.[39][40]
across Jharkhand. Hindi Hain Hum Hindi news
paper is published from New Delhi available all over
Almost 80% of Jharkhands people are farmers, although
Jharkhand, Other important Indian newspapers in
it contains 40% of Indias mineral reserves it has some
Hindi, English and local languages are also available
of Indias poorest people, in Summer 2009 the state was
in bigger cities by the afternoon and after a days dethreatened by drought, with people criticising the govern[41]
lay in smaller towns. Most of the national magazines
ment for not providing food aid or assistance.
in Hindi and English are regularly available in bigger cities and at other places where supply may be
arranged through newspaper vendors. The internet
12 Sports
media like jharkhandmirror[47] and newswings[48]
are also available.
An International Cricket stadium with an indoor stadium
and a practice ground has been constructed. This inter Johar Disum Khabar[49] is only fortnightly newsnational stadium has hosted an International Match bepaper published in local tribal & regional language
tween India and England on 19 January 2013.[42] Apart
from Ranchi. A monthly magazine Johar Sahiya
from that, this stadium has hosted two IPL 6 matches
is also published in the states popular regional lanfor KKR and qualier 2 of IPL 8 between CSK and
guage Nagpuri-Sadri."Jharkhandi Bhasha Sahitya
RCB and Celebrity Cricket League Matches for Bhojpuri
Sanskriti Akhra[50] also a multilingual quarterly
Dabanggs. A Tennis Academy, which was inaugurated
magazine in tribal & Regional languages of Jhark-

7
Jamshedpur Research Review is a multi-disciplinary
English Quarterly Research Journal(ISSN 23202750 & RNI-JHA/ENG/2013/53159) published in
Jamshedpur city.[57]

14 See also
Outline of India
Index of India-related articles
Bibliography of India
List of people from Jharkhand
Districts of Jharkhand
Cuisine of Jharkhand
Munda people

India Wikipedia book

15 References
Actress Priyanka Chopra was born in Jamshedpur in Jharkhand

hand.
There are also many lesser known news website like
BiharAndJharkhand.com[51] ranchiexpress.com[52]
and a more recent news website JHnews.co.in.[53]
These websites have been made exclusively keeping
in mind the needs of Jharkhand.
Landline telephone connectivity is provided by
BSNL, Tata Indicom and Reliance Communications
and covers almost all parts of the state. Cellular service, covering all major centres of the state, is provided by Vodafone, Airtel (GSM Service), Aircel,
BSNL, Idea Cellular and Reliance Communications
and also by Tata Indicom and Reliance Infocomm
(CDMA Service). Internet connectivity is available
in all the districts.
ETV News is one of the round-the-clock electronic media being aired from Jharkhand.[54] www.
bhaskar.com/jharkhand/
Naxatra News Hindi is another round the
clock regional channel of Jharkhand.[55]
www.naxatranewshindi.com
FinalJustice.in is the news portal running from
Ranchi, Jharkhand serves news in Hindi from all
over the world.
Dainik Bhaskar News[56]

[1] Report of the Commissioner for linguistic minorities:

50th report (July 2012 to June 2013)" (PDF). Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities, Ministry of Minority
Aairs, Government of India. Retrieved 26 December
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[2] http://www.bihardays.com/
jharkhands-11-second-languages-will-create-new-jobs-enrich-national-cultu
[3] Jharkhand At a Glance.
[4] Gautam Kumar Bera (2008). The unrest axle: ethno-social
movements in Eastern India. Mittal Publications. pp. 32
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[5] Munda Rajas. Retrieved 10 October 2013.
[6] jharkhandstatenews
http://
www.jharkhandstatenews.com/
arjun-munda-unveils-ancient-tribal-rajas-statue-in-pithoria/.
Retrieved 10 October 2013. Missing or empty |title=
(help)
[7] J.B. Homann (1984). A missionary social worker in India. Editrice Ponticia Universit Gregoriana. p. 54.
ISBN 978-88-7652-539-1.
[8] gigisoftsolutions. History of Jharkhand, Jharkhand History. traveljharkhand.com. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
[9] Parasnath Hill
[10] Giridih - Jharkhand Tourism
[11]
[12] Birds and animals found in the forest of the Palamau district. Ocial website of the Palamau district. Archived
from the original on 12 January 2009. Retrieved 200904-05.

[13] State animals, birds, trees and owers (PDF). Wildlife

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[14] Census Population (PDF). Census of India. Ministry of
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[15] Part A and B
[16] Population by religion community - 2011. Census of
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2015.
[17] In Jharkhands Singhbhum, religion census deepens divide among tribals. The Times of India. Retrieved 20
July 2015.
[18] Jharkhand. Oce of the Registrar General and Census
Commissioner. 18 March 2007. Retrieved 2008-07-23.
[19] Bhaumik, Subir (5 February 2009). Cell phones to ght
India rebels. BBC News. Retrieved 6 May 2010.
[20] Rising Maoists Insurgency in India. Global Politician.
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[21] Maoists who menace India, New York Times, 17 April
2006
[22] 9 Aug 2006 (9 August 2006). Hidden civil war drains
Indias energy. Asia Times Online. Retrieved 2010-0718.
[23] Jharkhand (PDF). India Brand Equity Foundation. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
[24] NTPC eyes 20K crore thermal plant in MP. business.redi.com. Retrieved 27 Oct 2010.
[25] Dr. Arun C. Mehta. District-specic Literates and Literacy Rates, 2001. Educationforallinindia.com. Retrieved
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[26] National Family Health Survey, 199899: Fact Sheet,
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[27] Sanjay Pandey (16 October 2007). The poor state of girl
child education in Jharkhand State. MyNews.in.
[28] Sanjiv Shekhar (26 May 2009). Many clear IIT-JEE in
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[29] Tewary, Amarnath (13 May 2008). South Asia | Free
haircuts for India students. BBC News. Retrieved 201111-12.
[30] Maoist attack on schools aecting Jharkhand primary
education. Deccan Herald. 2010-07-19.
[31] Jharkhand Combined Entrance Competitive Examination Board. Ocial Website of Government of Jharkhand.
[32] Home. National University of Study & Research in Law.
[33] Xavier Institute of Social Service, Ranchi 834001,
Jharkhand, India. Xiss.ac.in. Retrieved 2011-11-12.

15

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[34] Central Institute of Psychiatry, Ranchi.

[35] Welcome to Tata Memorial Centre. Tatamemorialcentre.com. 1 January 2004. Retrieved 2010-07-18.
[36] Fluoride alert for groundwater The Telegraph, Calcutta,
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[38] Fluoride Toxicity in Jharkhand State of India, Disability
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[39] Fluoride alert for groundwater, The Telegraph, Calcutta,
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[40] MacDonald, L. Water and Health:An eective, sustainable treatment strategy to halt the uorosis endemic in rural villages of Jharkhand State, India Archived 1 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
[41] Pandey, Geeta (1 August 2009). Jharkhand farmers despair at drought. BBC News. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
[42] Ranchis new stadium set to host maiden One-Day International on January 19. The Times Of India. 19 October
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[43] http://www.ndtv.com/album/listing/news/
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or empty |title= (help)

Missing

[44] Ranchi franchise becomes third team in Hockey India

League. The Times Of India. 14 September 2012.
[45] Deepika Kumari Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
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[46] The Pioneer
[47] Chicago Now: The Online Magazine Dedicated To
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[50] Jharkhandi Bhasha Sahitya Sanskriti
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[51] "
". biharandjharkhandnews.com. Retrieved
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[52] ranchiexpress
[53] JHnews.co.in. JHnews.co.in. Retrieved 2011-11-12.
[54] Etv Bihar-Channel Home. Etv.co.in. Retrieved on 201307-28.
[55] .
[56] Jharkhand News Jharkhand Hindi News Jharkhand
Daily News Paper Jharkhand Local News Headlines
Dainik Bhaskar. Bhaskar.com. Retrieved on 2013-07-28.
[57] jamshedpurresearchreview.blogspot.com/

16

Further reading

Ocial State Website. Retrieved 2013-06-28.

The World Bank publication on Jharkhand

17

External links

Jharkhand travel guide from Wikivoyage

Jharkhand State Government Ocial website
Dhanbad District Of Jharkhand An Ocial Website

10

18

18
18.1

TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

Text and image sources, contributors, and licenses

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Jharkhand Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jharkhand?oldid=733717166 Contributors: Olivier, Shyamal, Menchi, Ahoerstemeier,

Den fjttrade ankan~enwiki, Amcaja, Kaihsu, Cyberagent, Wik, Tpbradbury, Imc, Morwen, Taxman, Gpoduval, JorgeGG, Robbot,
Je8765, Chrism, Goethean, Chancemill, Babbage, Hemanshu, Diderot, UtherSRG, Alba, Anthony, Nitishkorula, GreatWhiteNortherner, Alan Liefting, DocWatson42, Christopher Parham, Nichalp, Tom Radulovich, Everyking, Michael Devore, Rick Block, Sundar,
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Oooooobygod, Prashantway, Sminthopsis84, Mogism, Stas1995, Riteshkashyap, Junglejill, Gopalcheryl, Mitrabarun, Ramkrishnan12,
Vish4urwish, Shailesh writer, Rick177, Ronranchi, Neelkamala, Kswarrior, Shahbaz26, Utkarshsingh.1992, Raulcaeser, Prabhu Prasad
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18.2

Images

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projection%29.svg License: GFDL Contributors: Map by Ssolbergj
Aquarius.geomar.de

18.2

Images

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Original artist:Koyos + Ssolbergj (<a href='//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User_talk:Ssolbergj' title='User talk:Ssolbergj'>talk</a>)

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Contributors: OpenClipart Original artist: nae

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TEXT AND IMAGE SOURCES, CONTRIBUTORS, AND LICENSES

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18.3 Content license

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