In public finance, the government first determines its expenditure and then tries to

raise the money for that expenditure. On the other hand in private finance the budget is
made based on the current income.
Public finance is generally long term, that is it exceeds one year
The purpose of public/government financing is the overall benefit of the society
trough development by investing in development programs on the other hand the purpose
of private finance is to maximize the benefit for the concerned person/persons.
Details of public finance are published and are easily available for the public but the
private financing details are kept secret.
The government has the authority to make laws to make people pay taxes but the
private finance does not have this authority.