_

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J';^i:;ri:^!!^r-ualemaia, 1837-43

^-^^-"^

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Ca.ickshank from

J.

Batcman, 1U>

OrcMaceaeof

rr.

'

Encouraged and assisted by his father in his botanical proclivities,

Bateman sent out to Demerara at the end of 1833 a botanical collector named
3^

fj(!

Colley, chiefly to search for orchids.

s.
it

luntrr alive, of which a third we

i
*>'.':
'

it. .

About sixty species reached this

f

One of these was given the name

'

mannia

Lindley, thus

coinmi

.:^^
^

and collector.

Bateman contributed an account of the expedition, based on

Colley's report, to Loudon's Gardeners' Magazine for I835.

In lQj!k he beI

came
7

"fT;

'.t

im many

In less than ten years the finest orchids

.f^
-/-

r^' .--t-.

-'

of Guatemala

'fere

in cultivation in England, having first

floored at
^''

'

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^
I

Knypersley.

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'

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His Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemala , perhaps the greatest botanical

I

book in point of size ever published, was issued in parts from I837 to
L*^^-.

181|3.

I.f7

It consists of forty elephant folio plates, with descriptions and cultural

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numerous

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One of these represents the

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opening of a box supposed to contain orchids, from which issue a pair of

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gigantic cockroaches, grovm fat on the original contents, and iThich are

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chased by the gardener's family and assistants.

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The edition was limited to

4
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X
.

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125 copies at twenty guineas each.

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ry,

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Bateman (J.) The Orchidaceae of Mexico and Guatemals

i|o.

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fine hand-colored plates, large folio

PP

VIII, 11,12,

837

h3

'

A good copy of t he most imposing of Orchid books

As usual,
the text and some of the plates are rather spotted. This occurs
in all copies and appears to be due to a defect in the
er.
The work has become extremely scarce, which is hardly surprising
as only 125 copies were issued*
From Wheldon & Wesley's Catalogue No. 86 1957

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*v

PREFACE

i HE completion of
attended

its

his

Work

affords the author

publication, and which he fears

These delays were not, however, under

control, but

were owing,

blooming of particular plants, without which the

present

botanical friends

also

is

series of illustrations

have

his subscribers.

in part, to the difficulties

an author, resident in the country, experiences w^hen publishing a work in town

The

for the delays that

must have taxed the patience of many of

own

his

an opportunity of apologizing

which

and, in part, to the dilatory

would have been incomplete

the most suitable occasion for offering his grateful acknowledgments to the

who have

kindly assisted

him

in the prog

his

undertaking

those distin
r

guished foreigners. Professor

Von

Martins, of

of Vienna

Munich ; Professor Poeppig,

of Leipsig; Dr. Endlicher,

; and

Dr. Klotzsch, of Berlin,

his thanks are especially due, for the facilities afforded

examination of the herbaria under their

pressed in the

His obligations to

many

him

in the

of the leading British cultivators

press which accompanies the representations of the plants they respec

supplied.

To

Professor Lindley a separate and

more ample acknowledgment must be

paid, as nothing could

exceed the kindness with which he has given his invaluable advice and ready help in the numerous instances
J

in

which both were greatly needed.

Knypersley Hall, August

1,

1843.

t}

>

r-:

LIST OF SUBSCRIBERS
N,B,

Only 125 Copies of

this

Work

are published.

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His Grace the
His Grace the
His Grace the

His Grace the

Duke
Duke
Duke
Duke
Duke

of

Bedford.

of

Devonshire.

Right Hon.

of

Marlborough.

Right Hon.

of

Northumberland.
Sutherland.

Right Hon.

of

The Lady Grey,

Earl of Derby.
the Earl Fitzwilliam.
the Earl Talbot.
the Earl of Powis.
the Earl of Burlington.

Right Hon. the

Right Hon.

Right Hon. Viscount Milton.

of Groby.

The Lady Rolle.

Right Hon. Viscount Lowther.

The Baron von Humboldt,

Berlin.

The Count Torlonia, Rome.

The Baron Delessert,

de Malpas Grey Egerton,

Sir P.
Sir

Charles Lemon,
R. Reid,

Sir J.

Paris.

Bart.,

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M.P.

M.P.

M. P.

Adderley, Mrs., Barlaston Hall, Staffordshire.

Grant, D., Esq., Manchester.

AUcard, John, Esq., Stratford Green.

Grant, W., Esq., Springside, Bury.

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R. H., Esq., F. R.

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Splitgerber, D., Esq.

Esq., Broughton Hall.

Horticultural Society, The, 21, Regent Street.

r

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Street.

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Lyne.

Esq., Everton, Liverpool.

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Van Marum, Dr. M., Taylerian

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Williamson, H. H., Esq., Greenway Bank, Staf-

shire.

Brewen, R., Esq., Leicester.

T.

J.,

mingham.

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J.,

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Court,

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fordshire.

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Wilmore,
Walker,

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Moss, John, Esq., Otterspool, Liverpool,

Digby, E,, Esq.

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J.,

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Collins, Esq., Keithwick,

Perth

Esq., Oldford, Manchester.

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copy.
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Godwin, Mr. (Bath),

copy.

copies.

^
^

-%

.1

INDEX TO THE PLATES

BARKERIA,

GALEANDRA,

TAB.

28

Lindleyana
spectabilis

TAB.

19

Baueri

33

'

LiELIA,

BRASAVOLA,

autumnalis

16

glauca

BRASSIA,

23

siiperbiens

38

MAXILLARIA,

22

verrucosa

majalis

35

Skinneri

CATASETUM,

MORMODES,

maculatum

CATTLEYA,

ODONTOGLOSSUM,
13

Skinneri

CHYSI

grande

24

hastatum

20

ONCIDIUM,

31

Ice vis

Cavendishianum

CORYANT

s
36

speciosa^j va?
i

14

pardina

mcurvum

29

Insleayii

21

leucochilum

CYCNOC

ventricosum
Efifertonianum

I)

ornithorhynchum

Wentworthianum

39

40

PERISTERIA,
b

CYRTOCHILUM

Barkeri

Bictoniense

SHOMBURGKIA

EPIDENDRUM,

30

tibicinis

alatum

18

aloifolium

25

SOBRALIA,
26

decora
h

auraDtiacum

12

macrantha

37

aromaticum

10

erubescens

32

macrochilum

17

STANHOPEA,
Martiana

27
r

polyanthum

34

saccata

Stamfordianum

11

tigrma

J"

15
7

'

;:

Vtt-

INTRODUCTORY REMARKS.

*.

FEW

general remarks on the extensive family

of Orchidacese, will,

perhaps,

best introduce

what we

Work is more immediately devoted

much as possible, from all details of a

are about to say respecting that section of the tribe, to which this

and, in the hasty observations which follow,

purely

we

shall abstain,

as

an opportunity of treating more fully on that branch of our subject will occur
towards the close of our Work. Although the great extent of the species of this order was not even suspected
within the last few years, and though the rage for their introduction is of still more recent date, yet there were some among

till

scientific nature,

the earlier botanists, on

whom

as

charms would not appear

their

World, and Hernandez in the New.

he designates the whole

so

dignified attire,

eulogium

and

so

Flora, to

of plants has a towering

mode

of growth,

whom

quite

of our readers

remarkable for having always

is

; like

its

the seats and castles of the

peculiar to

by

its

itself.

"*

appropriate and

This eloquent

were not without admirers, even in those barbarous times

West seem to have been equally

from the " Pliny of New Spain,"

Lyncean Academicians of Rome, by

the

which

for the edification

as nobility is distinguished

fortunate, as one of their

(as

Hernandez

decorate almost every page of his work, ventured to dedicate

to

it

And,

of the

most marked description

we quote

and which scorns the lowly ground

will sufiice to prove, that the eastern Orchidacese

their brethren

using

trees,

Rumphius in the Old

chapter on the " Angr^cums"

especially, the great

to describe a noble family of plants,

built in elevated situations

tribe

this

lost

opens with the following passage, which

tribe)

dwelling aloft upon the branches of other

which are usually

have been

In the Herbarium Amboinense of the former, his

" Now," he exclaims, " now come we

great,

to

it

tribe received attentions of the

has been styled), who, not content with

it,

as

the loveHest plant of the Mexican

was immediately adopted,

the peculiar

as

emblem

of

body.t

their learned

Plumier was another botanist, who paid his court to this tribe in an especial manner and his figures of some of
West Indian species are models of accuracy and beauty, even at the present day. With these and other examples
;

the

before us,

it

will appear surprising that

those which

grew upon

Linn^us should only have been acquainted with one hundred

species, of

which

(making, perhaps, a fourth of the whole) he thrust into his genus Epidendrum. What
would be the astonishment of that " father of Botany," could he now but behold his lonely " Epidendrum" multiplied
all

into

two hundred genera

assured, that
species

trees

and his one hundred Orchidacese increased

our knowledge of the tribe was only in

had been hitherto discovered

* " Nu7iG noUlem describemus

uti etplerumque nobiles

arcm

guit, etsuperbis vestimentisy

et castella in altis

extructa sunt

Rumphius Herb, Am,

it

two thousand

Nay, what

he were

if

infancy, and that, in all probability, not one half of the

its

herhamm silvestriumfamiliamy qum eo

The Latin of our Amboyna " Savant,"

is

to

locis,

quod semper in alto habitat, in

nempe arboribus, ac spernit hiimile solum

ita ut alium ac sublimem crescendi habeant modum acformam, uti et nobilitas modernis sese
distinsese distinguit,

aliis

xi. 1.

will be seen

by

this quotation, is

by no means

Ciceronian^ nor

is

it

easy to translate literally

indeed

it

almost as bad as our own.

-yncea
9f

r-

to be the

and

emblem of the

it

has,

we

This

is

believe,

Z?/?icm?i

Academy.

been recently imported.

no exagg-eration.

of five hundred mig-ht

Hernandez would seem

now

be added

to

have been a wit: he flourished in 1650.

A greatly reduced representation

His favourite plant, was, probably, an Ang-uloa

of it will be observed in our Frontispiece.

MalaxidecB
;

and, besides these, there are the Ophrydea, &c. which will comprehend at least five hundred more.

2
L

Asia. Africa * and

America

nearly equal proportions (for

we approach

found to divide the species of the order amongst them, into three
the few which Europe produces need scarcely be taken into the account)
and the closer
;

more numerous and

the Tropics, the

beautiful they become.

Arrived, at length, within the precincts of

them no longer " prone on the ground," as heretofore, but conspicuous on the branches of
attracting the eye of the naturalist, from afar, by the
the most rugged trees of the dampest and wildest forests
And
must
dazzling brilliancy of their colours, or arresting his attention by their delicious fragrance.

we

the Torrid Zone,

find

" parasitic," the epithet

plants of this description are not unfrequently termed

occasion to observe, that although

is

"
the
Parasites" prey upon the vital juices of their victims, and perish with them, the
while
;
for,
misapplied
altogether
" Epiphytes" derive nothing but their stay, or local habitation, from the plants on which they have established
themselves, and continue to flourish and

flower, indifferent as

to

whether their supporters

or

live

The

die.

great

majority of the Orchidacese of the Tropics belong to the latter or epiphytic class; there are however a few that do

was long ago observed by the same ingenious Rumphius,

whom we

have already had occasion to advert

noticing, in terms of due commendation, the dignified habits of most of the tribe, he proceeds with a sigh, to

not, as
after

remark :^Hhat among these vegetable nobles, just

who
^'

in their

among

as

seem

are on the

some degenerate individuals are

of their own."t
But, it is not m

the nobles of mankind,

to constitute a class

Epiphyt

species are placed below the

habits'' that the terrestrial

to

them

and beauty.

singularity

Orchidacese of each of the three great divisions

peculiar, that in

most

globe have features of their own, so marked and

of the

eye would

cases, a practised

/<

Thus, for example, the pendent stems and graceful flowers of

proper habitation.

many

of the Dendrobiums, jSlrid

character of beauty and lightness to the Orchidaceous Flora of tropical India, which con

their allies.

clumsy pseudo-bulbs of the Bulbophyllums, or the long

tails

most

of the Angrsecums of Africa

America, the characteristic features are the upright vegetation (as distinguished from pendent) of the Epidendrums,

many

the long straggling flower-spikes of

forms, than

The

to be

is

met with

in

anv

much

of the Oncidiums, and a

greater variety of grotesque and marvellous

of the Old World.

T3art

uses to which the plants of this family are applied, are few, but, in several instances, highly romantic.

Demerara, that most deadly of

" Wourali,''

poisons, the

all

thickened by the juiqe of the

is

In

and in

Catasetums;

Amboyna,

the irwe

Elixir of Love''

*'

In Mexico, where the

Not an

alphabet.

''

prepared from the minute farina- like seeds of Grammatophyllum speciosum.;]:

language of flowers"

infant

aid of these flowers

is

is

understood by

is

not a marriage

baptized,

all,

celebrated, not a funeral

is

by the devotee

at the shrine of his favourite saint,

ing survivor at the grave of his friend

in

me

;'
like theirs
\hm%, " Flor

olvides," (or " Forget

for

me

fast

Hernandez

the flowers

assures us, that in

themselves

J-

boys and

New

Mexico the Indian

positively

days, on occasions of rejoicing or

chiefs set the

refuse

girls

which

of the country

greedily sucked

is

that

might be

cited,

to prove the

fine

high
'

are these the only honours that are paid to

very highest value on their blossoms, for the

while, in the East Indies,

Rumphius

if

species of JEpidendrum^ are

made

to be

is

be worn, except by princesses or ladies of high degree.

to

No

into trumpets,

1|

In

by the

and the pseudo-bulbs of several of the more succulent

do any direct service to mankind.

fluid,

feast

many,

Nor

World.

of resin for the strings of their guitars.

tribe

days or

not,") are but a few names, out of the

Honduras, again, the large hollow cylindrical stalks of a

little

and by the sorrow-

lover at the feet of his mistress,

sake of their great beauty, strange figure, and delightful perfume

credited,

are

de los Santos," " Flor de Corpus," " Flor de los Muertos," " Flor de Maio," "

consideration in which our favourites are held in the

them

'they

by the

whether, in short, on

of distress, these flowers are sought for with an avidity, which would seem to say that there was " no

moments

sympathy

obsequy performed, at which the

not called in by the sentimental natives, to assist the expression of their feelings

is

offered

the Orchidaceae seem to compose nearly the entire

used instead

species, are

The following are, however, almost the only known instances in which the
The bulbs of Maxillaria hicolor contain a large quantity of an insipid watery

by the poor

natives of Peru in the dry season

a fluid of a similar nature

is

obtained

'
r

from what

probably, a Lcelia^ in Mexico, and

is,

some of the

is

Orchises, the nutritive substance called

considerable importance as esculents

and

administered as a cooling draught in fevers

" Salep"

is

obtained

in

New

from the roots of

Zealand, certain species are of

Guiana, the soles of the shoemaker are as

in

much

indebted to the viscid

matter obtained from the Catasetums and Cyrtopodiums^ as are the poisoned arrows of the Indians.
r

* It has been ascertained^

f In Tide avMm
RumphiuS;
genus,

by

recent travellersj that the interior of Africa (especially the banks of the Nig-er^) teems with Orchidaceous Epiphytes.

nohilitate^ ceque ac inter homi?ieSp

etiam tales reperiuntur^

qum

in rusticos degenerant^ et in terra crescunt^ qumque peculiare videntur constituere

xi.^ 1.
X

We think it our duty to state, that this plant has just been received in England, in a living state, from Mr. Gumming

Rumphius says of its properties be true, asserting, as he does,

" mulierem prosequi amore talem, a quo hunc farinam

we tremble for the

cum cibo, vel potu accepit,"

consequences, if what

(!!!)

Rumphius^ xi.

1.

II

We could name, if we durst, certain fair English ladies of

" high degree," in whose head-dresses these pretty vegetable exclusives have already condescended to

appear.

Epidendrum

tiMcinis,

(Nob.)

'i

In this

the

list

Vanilla

not included, as that plant has recently been separated (no doubt, most judiciously)

is

by Dr. Lindley, from the natural order

If then, this brief catalogue

the

pursuits of mankind,

comprehend

we must conclude

in vain, or

No

necessities of our nature.

more hurtful

was

it

the temple of Flora,

an

to yield us a pleasure of

which,

while

man

the

by

of science

we can attempt

which might

short,

man

of pleasure
It

by

its

win our

so to

; it

mere animal

affections

was

from

to provide

more constant votaries,

numbered among her guests

we

is,

rarely

splendour, the virtuoso by

and

its rarity,

are convinced, on this principle alone that

understand the OrcJiido- Mania

to

have been created

to

to minister to the

and

intellectual kind,

who were more

novelty and extraordinary character.

its

we must suppose them

yielded the utmost enjoyment to her

it

attract the

provide us with food or

to

were clothed in unrivalled charms

might, at the same time, draw round her innocent table those

an entertainment, in

own.

its

teem with an almost endless

to

was something other and higher than

most worthless of plants

things, that these

rich banquet in

were made

that tropical forests

cold,

that their office

order of

was neither

it

therefore, in the cheerless spirit of atheism,

either,

or

disease

new

the instances in which this vast order either relieve the wants, or aid

all

very scantiness would seem to argue that

its

ramient, nor to protect us from

variety of the tribe

" Orchidaceee," and constituted the type of a

especially the upper) classes,

to

such

a marvellous extent.

Not contented with the exertions of our foreign connexions, we send men expressly to all the
points of the compass, to swell the number of the species in cultivation; and in this zeal for their introduction, the
amateur, the nurseryman, and the

engaged

in the learned professions or in the pursuits of

prevaihng passion

Works

nay,

if

we may

residence

pots for their

in

On

by

it

make,

to

as a matter of course,

use are already sold in

some of the most fashionable manufacturers of

In

favourites.

memorable

in the annals of horticultural enthusiasm)

most strange infatuation

may

first

;||

artificial

all

itself.*

houses for their

;t

designs for a complete

now

blossoms are even

their

flowers

and

prizes, the

most

Russia, Austria, and even Tuscany,

field.

likely to be neglected in the

for while

it

mere abstract beauty

nearly the middle of the nineteenth century, and which,

effect

make

(so

however,

the

Some

of these

we

shall presently

developement of the

present

are satisfied, will be found to have been

In addition to

its

enumerate;

"furor,"

until

no other than the

obvious tendency to prevent the

of retarding the acquaintance of Botanists with this tribe in a far

greater degree than could have occurred in the case of

succulent and fragile nature of the subjects

TuHps

good

all

supposed impracticability of cultivating them with any success.

formation of collections, this cause had the

for

that could be alleged in favour of the one, full fifty

is

we

Haarlem mania

for the

that

based,

which has delayed

the cause

briefly notice

growing rage

on a much better foundation than

is

be brought forward to excuse and even justify the other.

but we must

appearance

included in

extent and intensity this Orchido-mania bids fair to rival the

its

the influence of the

resist

Horticultural Societies, for the finest specimens of their popular family.

all

and in Holland and Belgium, Bulbs and Camellias seem

their

shops of London

the

to

the clergy, those

nobility,

has even extended to Windsor Castle

the Continent, as in England, collectors are every day entering the

are infected

reasons

commerce, seem alike unable

have made, or are about

and,

The

vie with each other.

all

paragraph in a morning paper,

every direction,

exclusive

imitated in the establishments of

munificent, are offered

trust a

" Orchidacese"

solely devoted to the

accommodation are rearing

new

public establishment,

it,

in

any other vegetable family whatsoever

some cases, impossible to dry them at

imperfect and difficult of determination such specimens

as,

by

dint of skill

and

care,

have

merely does the

for not
all,

but

at last

it

always renders

been placed in our

Herbaria.

Again

as

it is

usual for these plants to flower, for the most part, in the rainy season, in the dampest woods and in

the most noxious atmosphere, they were, in a measure, secured

would not merely have had

to risk his life to possess himself of their

are the situations in which they grow, that probably, after

have eluded his grasp

from the depredations of the botanical

all his

flowers, but so secret,

labour and

perils,

and frequently

nine-tenths of their

the result of his mission would therefore have been to impress us, in the

first

inaccessible,

number would
place,

with an

idea that the species were not numerous, and in the next, to convey but a very imperfect notion of their beauty

the largest and most extraordinary forms are invariably the most fleeting, so they are the most rarely
fection, and,

even when detected, are the most

when

similarity which,

out of flower, the

difficult to preserve.

members

met with

for as

in per-

All these circumstances combining with the great

of this family bear to each other (in the eyes at least

no longer excite our surprise that a very erroneous estimate should have been formed of

initiated), it will

who

collector,

of all hut
their

the

number

and merit,

We

t E.

until

we

discovered the

allude to a recent paragraph in the

g.

proper

Morning

mode

Post, in

Dr. Lindley's " Serttmi OrchideumP and our

which "

the Chinese Air-plant"

own " Opiiscuhimy

b

Vide.

Mr. Kutger's designs

for residences in

II

At Lowesby's Terra-cotta warehouse,

At

Foster's, 16,

Wigmore

Street.

18^

Loudon's Gardener's Magazine.

King William

But no sooner was

of their cultivation.

Street, Strand.

is

this

grand object attained,

stated to have flowered in the royal conservatory

most splendid and extraordinary beoran

to

make

appearance

been brought from countries whose Orchidaceous Flora was supposed to possess

From Guiana

accordin

which, when they flowered for the

marvellous

species, nearly

Coryanthes maculata, and

time, were found not merely to be

first

which had

plants

of either novelty or interest.

little

Aublet, contained only

number

been already received, and

by

produced

new

Cycnoches

Ijodd

but to constitute genera

to science,

with which botanists were altogether unacquainted.

Having now explained the cause which has

we

us,

long delayed the growth of a passion for the Orchidaceee amonohumble opinion, a popularity so great, and therefore so likely to wane,

next proceed

will

should in their case appear destined

perhaps,

their

even

convinced

and

in

now, we say,

do

to

which they commend themselves

beauty; and of their superiority in this

modes

the numerous

endure

to

so

to

this

Of

is,

now beginning

be

even

by

stoves with all the

<i

or

mriant

the

Dendrob

of

such

foliage,

India

or

the

may

vie

admit that the eye never before rested

is

maj

far the

of mutual

In colour though variedj in beauty

blage of flowers, each of which

to

im

adva

some of

notice

these the most attractive

when our

and arranged in our

we must

clear

is

the most sceptical are

respect,

GrammatopTiyllums and Saccolabiums of the Spice Islands!

Stanhope
Oncidiums^ of America
all of

plants as the

it

our attention and regard.

of the most magnificent species have flowered with us either

in all their glory,

satisfactorily,

f9

mass of such surpass

com

loveliness,

he choicest ornament

consic

spontaneously grows.
r

And

then their fragrance

We

question whether even

''

compete in sweetness with those exhaled by

all

brides

/'

odoratum,

Araby the

blest''

can boast of any perfumes that can at

Angrcecum odoratissimum (Lindley MSS), Tet

(Tab. X. of
Work).
Other species emit odours

and Epidendrum aromaticum

which remind the recipient of the smell of a drug

milk
violets, pomatum, aniseed, and angelica, of noyau, cinnamon, allspice, citron, musk, and honey.t
Some of
no fragrance, except in the day-time, but there are others which.
Epidi
nocturnum and
are aromatic
which

or day.

Another

characteristic of the tribe

the long: duration of their blossoms

is

what we before remarked.

it

some of the most

but too true in the case of such genera as

is

pre-eminent for the large

though

and strange

size

com

less

Stanhopea,

Cattleya,

and, unfortunately,

Cycnoches, and

Cory

other

the order,

continues nevertheless in beauty for

they

may

whole

tribe

Even

together.

in

we know

of none so fugitive as

carriage

remarkably

They bear

be removed with safety (and sometimes

well,

and

vantage to themselves), into apartments of

much

ordinary temperature, where their

which stand

3n, the

flower-spikes remain in perfection for weeks, and even sometimes for

wh

ithes,

many, however, of the more

and we may

Vandese, where
Coryanthes,

Catasetim,

configuration of their flowers;

such as Lmlia

of EpidendrecB,

This assertion will appear to contradict

a stove.

Indeed,

it

is

easy to foresee the arrival,

no distant period, of the time when their flowers will appear as much " at home'' in the B
as in the Mexican temple, and when they will be prized as highly by the English as by the Indian belle.

that too at
r

We

would

'

next direct attention to a circumstance connected with

most advantageous light

the

we mean

a small house, if devoted

of any

other description.

Their

superiority

which

in

Air

of vegetation are thus obtained.

suffered to flag, something

is

to

place

first

place,

amount of

respect shews itself

this

seems

if

of

in the

usually very small, and while the shelves, stages, or even flues, are preferred

is

f the true

distinct tiers

sfreater

cultivation,

be derived from one of four times the extent,

the space required for each individual

two

much

the

their

and
In the

may
pi

the

constantly going; on, either the opening of the flowers

is

to

be expected, or the progress

* Should there be any, especially

objectors

may

adopt

(if

Lib.

8,

Cap.

Mexican

who may be disposed to cavil at the hard names which

by which they are known in their respective localities; such as the

the softer sex,

they prefer them) those

appellations of some of the finest of the

Mid.

among

species, viz. " Tzauhxilotl," "

Botanists have given to these plants, the fair

following, for example,

Amazauhtli," " Coatzonte coxochitl," " Chichiltic tepetlauhxochitl/'

7.

brides
Maxillaria

The

species are arranged in this note in the

same order

which

as their odours in the text.

are the siviple

Hernandez Re

"

may be marked,

of development in the leaves and pseudo-bulbs

or the progress of a

young shoot has

to

be observed,

or the life-and-death struggles of a recent importation have to be v^atched over, and that too with a degree of care and
anxiety that could never be felt for ordinary plants.
Then there are the seasons of growth and of rest, each of which

has an interest peculiar to

since during the

itself;

the greatest change occurs in the circumstances and appear-

first

ance of the plants, while during the second the greatest number of them flower;and thus, throughout the dreary
months of Winter, which, in the majority of Conservatories, is the season of nakedness and inaction, the Orchidaceous

House

gayer than in the most glowing days of Summer. * The plants too with which
the strictest sense of the word, and realize the
is

ic

virct

" Carpitur

of the Latin poet in a far higher degree than

semper

stored are evergreens in

nee fronde caduca

to be seen elsewhere

is

it is

for while

many of

their

leaves in perfect health and beauty for six or eight seasons together, there are none which lose

than twelve months,

worthy
of
remark,
that
the species which are the most unwilling to part with
f
natural advantages, are also the most loth to change the abode which has been artificially afforded them; and

their

may

they
or

number retain the same

them in a shorter period

when once

therefore,

more years

It is likewise

succession;thus relieving the cultivator from the unsightly changes and continual
general are wont to require, t

in

stove-plants in

But the appearance of

perhaps,

its

firmly established in a suitable tenement, be left in undisturbed possession of

when suspended from

the genuine Air-plants,

most characteristic

And

feature.

wonderful

it is

to see these

it

for ten

shiftings

which

the rafters of the Orchidaceous House, forms,

"

"

children of the sun

thrusting their long

tortuous roots into the surrounding atmosphere, and maintaining the most vigorous health with no other support than

what that pure element

them

affords

thus reversing as

were the

it

settled laws of Nature

compelled to seek their coarse subsistence from the ground, our Orchidaceas,
live solely

Even
have the

upon

for while other plants are

like unearthly beings, are

enabled to

air.

the rarity of the tribe, and the difficulties and expense attendant
effect

of diminishing the number of their votaries, will at

upon their cultivation, although they may

the same time tend to strengthen the devotion

of such as have the courage to encounter, and the means to overcome those formidable impediments.
It is indeed,
probable, that Orchidaceous culture will always continue in a (comparatively) few hands; and that it will, therefore, be

pursued with the same ardour

the

many

in the

upper walks of

we must

but while

we admit

may be disposed

Few

extensively diffused.
its

we

circumstances and position,

promoted, than

if all

what

may

all

Some, perhaps, there may be, who, looking only

is

in the

same

it

can never be

possess; so long, therefore, as each class has enjoyments suited to

are satisfied that the happiness of the

were interested

at

placed within the reach of the great mass of mankind,

ought to be condemned or disregarded, merely because

that nothing

will value

humbler sphere, attends the cultivation of

to question the importance of the former in a social point

the superior value of whatever

same time maintain

at the

that already, in a

and carnation.

beautiful varieties of the tulip, auricula,

the greater facilities afforded by the latter,

of view

life,

community at large

objects, or occupied with the

same

will

be

far

The

pursuits.

more

effectually

reciprocal pleasure

which the lovers of " florist's flowers " and of " rare plants " may derive from the sight of their respective collections,
is a sufficient example of the truth of our assertion.

In the collection of the Author, although specimens in flower may at all times be seen, March and April, in the Spring, and October and November, in the
Autumn, are perhaps the gayest months the intervening period is " growing season " with a large majority of the species, many of which come into blow just before its
commencement, and a still greater number immediately after its termination. There are, however, several that flower at uncertain periods others that flower all the year
*

round

and likewise a few

We

t
the year

that,

we

are concerned to say, never flower at

are now, of course, speaking of epiphytal

but there are divers weighty reasons

which are sometimes

why

and not of

all.

terrestrial Orchidaceaj;

many, indeed most, of the

these should not be admitted into the Orchidaceous

destitute of leaves for a short time

since they are quite as frequently found under trees as

but

it is

latter lose their leaves

House, properly so

called.

There

and

entirely disappear, for half

are, also,

a few of the Catasetwns,

doubtful whether they ought not to be classed with the terrestrial species, rather than with the epiphytes,

upon them.

These remarks apply more particularly

to species

of some

of the

caulescent

and slow-growing Eastern genera, such

as

Vanda, Saccolahiian, jErides, and

their alhes.
4

II

which

All the OrchidacejB which are really entitled to the

is

readily distinguished

EasL
their own

by

its

name

of

**

Air-plants " are of Easier?! extraction, and constitute a well- defined section of the "

Vandew "

group,

peculiar habit from the corresponding group of the West, where heavy masses of pseudo-bulbs usurp the place of the long and graceful

stems of the

It is not a little singular that the habit of

genera of

tribe

have been observed

to

many

of the South

American Epidendrece approaches that of the

oriental Vandece far

more

closely than

any

do in the former country.

brides odoratum affords, probably, the best example of a true Air-plant with which we are at present acquainted, for it will grow freely, for any length of time, if
merely suspended by a wire from the roof of a moist stove. A plant of this species, in the possession of the Messrs. Loddiges, has attained an extraordinary size, and when
loaded, in spring, with thirty or forty bunches of

its

beauteous flowers, forms an object of unsurpassed loveliness, and affords us a glimpse of what our collections will

one day become.

Some

persons, seeing plants of this description seated in pots

although such treatment

is

purely

artificial,

and merely designed

to

among

wood or peat, imagine that they derive their nutriment from

supply them with moisture more perfectly than could otherwise be done.
pieces of decayed

these sources,

But

Orchidace^^ o

will the rarity of

durability
of
the
fragrance^
or
the
the
beauty^
accounted
for
be
by
fascination which they are felt
and
rare,
as
mentioned^
might
be
plants
combined
other
qualities
?
No
all
these
their flowers ?
or by the presence of
of
train
the
of
boast
could
never
yet
personal
charms^
and
they
in
them
as difficult of culture^ and scarcely inferior to
to possess

Or

to

is it

of their

attracted

We

spell consist ?

in all

charm of other plants

that constitutes the

Orchidac
but

the

it is

Neither

means

to that

end, the

secret of that

power which we are now so anxious

Something

to arrive at.

must

it

Orchidaceae, but which at once distin

grotesque
structure,
the
marvellous
the
in
where,
but
found
?
to
be
peculiar
and
and where is a character so marked
sufficient
to
than
more
which
is
that
have
here
we
Yes;
flowers?
their
of
character
imitative
and
conformation,
safely
esides.

It

and from which we believe

we

apprehend,

shall

Accustomed

their interest to

have but

as

we

little difficulty

be derived, are neither idly nor fancifdly

in effecting.

upon the animal and

are to look

ve.sretable

kingdoms

as altogether d

of the other
;

and yet

were

for, as if it

But
art
of
productions
the
mimic,
mimic,
absolutely
they
!
only,
of
Nature
works
imitate
the
matter
to
too simple a
and
imitation,
of
their
powers
equal
to
fully
invention,
of
faculty
restless
display
a
they
here,
not contented to rest even
after having, like

Shakspeare,

^^

exhausted worlds," like him too, they seem to have "imagined

new;" and

thus

we

things,
created
to
resemblance
no
bear
such
as
objects,
unearthly
strange
and
of
variety
exhibiting
a
find their flowers
record,
on
are
departments
in
all
these
freaks
of
their
host
of
examples
a
Such
man.
works
of
nor yet to any of the
that

we

scarcely

know

where to commence our selection

perhaps, however,

it

may be

well to take

first

a few of the

birds

reptiles.*

'5

then, with the insects

not only because they are the class most frequently imitated, but

of

proper season,

t
t &c. &c

of the originals.

of
extremity
at
the
poised
blossoms,
whose
of
Trinidad,
vegetable-butterfly
gorgeous
variety ; and we have, also, the
differenced
are
they
which
that
fixture
by
impatient
of
and
"seem
wind,
in
the
gaily
wanton
scapes,
their long elastic

We

in kind from the flower-shaped Psyche that flutters with free wing above them."
have borrowed their swans, eagles, doves,
from which the

birds.

to say nothing of a large

Our

examples will be principally derived from South America^ for

owing

to the

much

greater uniformity in the blossoms of the OrchidacefB of the Old World, the cases

"
"
mention
Vanda
may
Orientals
we
of
the
Among
the
more
remarkable
in
the
New.
numerous
as
nearly
so
not
are
occur
likenesses
animal
figures
and
in which strange
last
and
flowered
the
name),
(hence
moth
striking
resemblance
to
a
downy
white
most
latter
bears
a
the
amaUle
Phalcenopsis
;
and
peduncularis, Renanther a arachnites,

Rollisson,
of
Tooting.
Messrs.
the
of
collection
rich
in
the
Europe,
in
first
time
the
for
year (1837),

which
mockeries
of
animal
and
make
to
knowing
what
worthy man (hardly
all such4ike Orchidace^ spring
that
convinced
to
be
seems
botanist
who
contemporary
a
seminalis latet, vel ex ipsis animalium seminihus, qum in montlhiis vel pratis coeunt, atgue pro
of the insect

speciem

istius

Herb, Amb,

animalis ex cuius semine in terra putrefacto hoc Satyrium

vi.

excrevit, vel

this

It

is

figured in the

Herharium Aynholnense of Rumphius

Phal^nopsis and others of

its

and

this

tribe are guilty,) quotes the opinion of

quorundam animalium cadaveribus, in quibus vis qu<Bdam

ejus argwnento dicit in Satyriorum (meaning all Orchidace^) floribus detegi
Rumph.
istius insecti, quod pier umque ex cadavere cujusdam animalis prodit"
'^

vel ex putridis

98,

"bees"

in 0. apifera,

"drones"

in 0. fucifera, "spiders" in

0. aranifera,

remarkable circumstance, connected with

t E. q, "flies" in Ophrys muscifera,

America
is fully equal to
North
of
Europe
and
Orchidacese
to
the
of
whose
devotion
Butt,
Trentham,
T.
Rev.
the
of
OpTirys muscifera has twice occurred in the garden
to a certain (and that an
resemblance
striking
known,
a
is
well
bear,
it
The
flowers
of
0.
zone.
muscifera
torrid
of
the
those
for
that of some of his contemporaries
unconscious
plant, no
the
blossom
of
together
on
a
for
days
settle
Mr.
Butt
to
description
was
observed
by
this
of
since,
one
species of fly; and some years

uncommon)

doubt under the impression that

no where
%

to

be seen

The colmims

last year,

of

many

was enjoying the society of one of its own kind. For several summers afterwards, although the Orchis continued
however, it was again observed at its post, where it remained, as before, for several days in succession.
it

of the Catasetums

and other genera make

excellent " Grasshoppers.

to flower, the fly

was

a Mosquitoes " are borne by TricJioceros antennifer, or "Flor de

" are also conspicuous in the

"
"
Antennsg
Insect-like
&c.
&c.
Fhalmnopsis
amabile,
Moths
by
;
Mosquito
The
Genera
Myanthiis
Henchman.
of
Mr.
by
Lind.
MSS.)
discovered
Epidendrwn
{E.
Mexican
antenniferum,
unpubhshed
an
and
of
Restrepia
antennlfera,
flowers
different
flowers
to
of
their
resemblance
the
imply,
on
founded,
as
their
names
abolished)
(though
now
were
also
Endlicher,
Poeppig
LiNDLEY, and Myoxanthus of
and
" of the^Peruvians

kinds of
II

" Dragon-flies " by Renanthera arachnites

"

flies.

Coleridge's ''Aids to Reflection:'

The

" Butterfly-plant " of Trinidad,

"Aids to Reflection" were written, otherwise

we might have supposed

it

is

to

the

now well-known Oncidium papilio ;

it

had not flowered

in this country at the time the

"Ancient Mariner" when he penned the passage we

have been in the eye of the

have quoted.

(C

"Swans"

Cycnoches (vide Tab. V.); "doves," in Peristeria elata

are found in both the species of

Irapceanum La Llave,) which, from the great resemblance of

its

we have had no

opportunity of judging

how

far it deserves its title.

"Pelicans," in an unintroduced Mexican Cypripedium

by the natives " Flor de Pelicano." As to the " Eagles/'

Orchidacea which has been imported from Jamaica by that zealous collector,

flowers to the bird of that name,

is

styled

they have not yet come under the cognizance of any professed botanist; but a fine
Mr. HoRSFALL, of Liverpool, is always spoken of as the " spread eagle " by the inhabitants of that island.
therefore,

Unfortunately, the plant has hitherto refused to flower

and,

7
J

assortment of wings, feathers, beaks, and

pikes, arrows,

the beasts they have not copied quite so freely as from

the

Iff

we

In the catalogue of reptiles

From

bills.*

an endless variety of snakes,

find

and frogs.J Of shells, hkewise, there

Then follows a mixed multitude of masks, cowls, hoods, caps, and helmets
swords, spurs, crests.
lizards, toads,

and lances

pouches, saddles, &c. &c.

whiskers, eyelashes, beards, bristles,

Nor

tails,

horns, and teeth

combs,

slippers, buckets, trowels

mimicking propensity confined to the flowers alone, being equally

conspicuous in
their leaves and pseudo-bulbs, which have been likened to
onions, cucumbers, bamboos, and palms
tongues and mousetails
hooks, whips, and straps swords and needles, &c. &c. Of some the
leaves are inscribed with Arabic
|1

this

is

characters,

of others the roots are cased in coral.^

Such are Orchidacege

through

as distributed

the world at large;

confined within the limits of Mexico and Guatemala.

And

in so

it

now

only remains

doing our attention will at

them when
once be attracted by the
to

notice

prominence of the particular tribe of Epidendrece, which, although greatly surpassed in

other countries by the Vandece
and Malax'idecB, may here challenge a comparison with either, not merely in number of
species, but in the interest
and beauty of their flowers. To the truth of the latter proposition the illustrations of this work
bear ample testimony,
the very choicest subjects being derived from the ranks of that dominant tribe.
What, for example, can exceed the
magniflcence of such plants as Lwlia superbiens, Epidendrum macrochilum, Barkeria spectahilis,
/* *
or Cattleya
Skinneri

E
are almost exclusively Mexican, and where shall
exquisite delicacy, or colours of

But these regions

more sparkling

so unusually rich in

we hope

The

to find forms of

and

CycnocJies,

and Catasetum

their

perfect elegance, penciUing of

more

lustre than their various flowers display

Epidendrem are

from poor

far

in other tribes.

Ma

the greatest variety and beauty, while Stanliopea,

Mormodes,

more

splendid genera Lwlia and Barkeria

most marvellous forms, ff

The

Here Oncidmm flourishes in

most showy attire, and

terrestrial species, also, are

both numerous

beautiful, but the greater difiiculty that attends their introduction

and cultivation has unfortunately narrowed our

acquaintance with them.
The Pelican-flower {Cypripedium Irapwanum) and Gove^iia capitata, W\i\i many other
plants
of extraordinary interest, are still included amongst our desiderata, notwithstanding that every
exertion has been

made

to obtain them.

splendid exception, however, occurs in Sohralia macrantha, already the pride

of British collections,
though far from having attained the vigour which distinguishes it in its native haunts, where it is no
unusual thing to
meet with thickets ten feet high, composed entirely of its reed-like stems.
I

The

only other pecuharity of Mexican Orchidacege to which

being more abundant in the higher latitudes and purer

have even been found

air,

than

necessary to advert,

is

in the

where snow not unfrequently

in situations

it

falls,

is

the circumstance of their

hot and pestiferous jungles of the coast. They

of which Oncidium nuUgenum and Lwlia superbiens

This power of withstanding a certain degree of cold must be regarded as a most

important
circumstance, especially by those a numerous class, no doubt who have hitherto only admired
Orchidacege at a
distance, and been deterred from attempting their cultivation by the heat and expense that ordinarily
attend
are conspicuous examples.

it.

The column

beauty

in

most Orchidaceous plants has

the various species of Ornithocephalus,

like a parrot,

The

and La Llave named

it

all

its

wings and beak

infinitely diversified in structure.

of which are quite birds in miniature.

accordingly.

Feathers are not so plentiful, but they

may be

seen in great

Psittacoglossum atratum, an unintroduced Mexican plant, has a black ton-ue

^

and the leopard are rivalled by the petals of such plants as Sianhopea tigrina, Bidhophyllum
leopardinum, &c.
the "flos lyncea" of
Hernandez (which can be no other than the Stanhopea Martiana of this work) is so called from its lynx-like eyes and teeth Dendrohhan
taurhmm has nmch of the bull
about Its face; and various Cataseta-C. semiapertum especially-grin like the ugliest monkey. Jceras
anthropofera, the man-orchis, is a well-known plant
Even
extinct animals do not always escape a geologist would instantly recognise the head of a Dimtherium in
the flowers of Masdevallia infracta.
t

skins of the tiger

I PleurothalUs ophiocephala

has a strong resemblance

to a serpent's head,

occur in PleurothalUs saurocephalus and Epidendrum lacertinum, and frogs in

and PhoUdota imbricata an equally strong resemblance

Epidendrum raniferam.

to

a rattle-snake's

tail.

Lizards

Zygopetatum cochleare, Epidendrum cocUeatum, and PhoUdota Conchoidea

afford as pretty

specimens as any; PleurothalUs chitonoides

is

also a little

gem

of

its

kind.

The genera Coryanthes, Coryclum, Bouatea, Pelexia, &c., all derive their names from caps and helmets, which they yield abundantly.
For hideous masks we
must look to Mormodes atropurpurea ; for cowls to Monacanthus (now Catasetum) discolor and viridis ; swords and pikes and other weapons of
war are supplied in
quantities innumerable by the various and complicated forms of the lip.
Epidendrum selligerum, and many more, are provided with good saddles, and a host of SacII

colabia

and aUied genera carry large bags and pouches.

^
tails in

Onions in Oncidium ceholleta; cucumbers

BendroUum

Unguceforme and B. myosurus

needles in Epidendrum aciculare

swords, passim.

in

BendroUum

cucumeroides

bamboos

in

Arundina hamhusifolia ; palms

in

Angrcecum palmiforme ; tongues and mouse-

hooks in Arpophyllum spicatum ; whips in Maxillaria (now Scuticaria)

flagellifera ; straps in PleurothalUs strupifolia
The name of Grammatophyllum scriptum proclaims its pecuharities (somewhat tautologically)
Corallorhiza also.

* * In the establishment of Messrs.

old so refractory has

been found

to

Loddiges

this plant

has produced clusters of flowers as large as a man's head.

succeed perfectly by merely inverting the plant (when suspended), and permitting

it

to

In the same collection, Cattleija citrinao^

grow downwards.

1 1 Sianhopea tigrina, S, Martiana, Odontoglossum grande,

Dwers.
their flowers

Catasetum Russellianum, figured in

masses of whitish green flowers have a striking

and Maxillaria Skinneri, all belonging to Vandece, are unrivalled for the beauty and magnitude
of
the "Botanical Magazine," is, perhaps, the best of the Cataseta, at least if seen in perfection,
when its large
h

effect.

pendulous

fife

'^<r7f? ^'i^FXB^^^^i

Meya

-^

jBl.SXlov jx^ya kukov.

!
;

'^

GN THE CULTUEE OF TROPICAL ORCHIDACEiE.

-

-1

Of
moderns

made any
until the

commencement

of the present century.

few species had,

it is

true,

progress

been estabhshed at

among the
Kew, and in

Messrs
defiance than in consequence of the barbarous treatment they received.

management

to the

LiNDLEY

the

of the tribe, the botanist w^as as

to entertain enlarged views

first

much

we

enter

number

numbers and importance,

an early edition of

in

that

his

for

even Professor

Natural System," estimates

''

exceeded, at the present time, by those actually

is

England alone

cultivated in the hot-houses of

But, before

at fault as to their

upon the subject

the probable extent of the tribe at only two thousand, a

however, the gardener was in the dark as

If,

upon the

who, by

details of the

and

prevaihng modes of culture,

it

may

make

not be uninteresting to

brief

have successively contributed to bring Orchis-growing to its present

palmy state and first on the list must stand the well-known firm of C. Loddiges and Sons. A collection appears to have
existed in this establishment for more than half a century, which, in the last ten years, has increased so rapidly that it

mention of the

parties

their zeal

skill,

now

includes

more than one thousand

eight

hundred

Mr. Cattley, of Barnet, w^hose memory

species.

the splendid genus that bears his name, appears to have been the

introducing

many

no pains

at Chiswick, spared

to compile his

The

excellent plants.^

Horticultural Society

had

''

Upon

and

may

estabhshment of their garden

their experiments enabled Professor

collection was, for

but by botanists and

men

many

of science from

May

18,

all

J.

T. Huntley, and the late T.ord FiTzwTT.LiAM.t

years, " the leader/'

and was

parts of the world.

Aigburgth, in

not by epiphyte-lovers only,

visited accordingly
fact,

became a

sort of

Mecca, to which the

Orchis-grower made his annual pilgrimage, and never without finding himself abundantly rewarded by the sight

What

then unrivalled treasures.

the years of patient care and

skill

that

are called

had been

came the

his predecessors in enthusiasm,

^'

fine

specimens" were here seen for the

produce them.

requisite to

Next

it

and many were

and second to none of

writer of this article, who, impatient of the tardy rate at which

yet was sufficient to encourage other parties to

period the importation of Orchidace^ has steadily increased, and, although

inexaustible fund of novelty seems to be in store for us

Those of Mr. Barker and Mr. Williams,

and the former
collection of the Rev.

time,

them

new

species

in their native haunts.

Mr

This service was undertaken by

short of expectation,

first

in order,

crossed the seas, determined to expedite matters by dispatching a botanical collector to seek

and

embark

in similar adventures.

we now reckon

From

this

the species by thousands, an

have multipHed almost as rapidly as the plants.

collections

neighbourhood of Birmingham, became celebrated about the year 1834;

Mr. Ross to Mexico
The

in the

John Clowes next came

Duke

into notice, as did shortly afterwards that of the

Mr
.

Lindley

Mr. R. Harrison's

fell

and had the merit of

Contemporary with Mr. Cattley, and

soon appeared, of whom the most remarkable were the late

-J

its

in

be said to date.f

no doubt prompted by his success, other collectors

Mrs. Arnold Harrison and her brother, Mr. Richard Harrison, the Rev.

of

first

embalmed

the Cultivation of Epiphytes of the Orchis Tribe," which was read

1830, and from which the science of Orchis-culture

faithful

from the

also,

to discover the secret of epiphyte culture,

memorable paper

successful private grower,

first

is

But the annus

N to India, in 1836.
'

of Devonshire, at
mirahilis

Mr

was 1837.

of Orchis-importatum

Gibson from the Nipalese

Hills,

and which

Mr

Mr

Mr

exquiste species from the interior of Guiana

Mexican
England

for the first time in this

In the whole, not

memorable

less,

probably, than three hundred species were seen in

year.
I

Besides the collections already noticed,

many

others deserve to be enumerated, which, although

\

Mr
*

Mr. Cattley's

collection

was disposed of

to

more recent than some

Mr. Knight, of the Exotic Nursery, about the year 1832.

J

f This paper

is

published in the "Horticultural Transactions," 2nd Series, Part

that subsequent experience has not

into the

Of

except that

it

advocates a temperature unnecessarily high,

it

contains no views

amply confirmed.

these, all except the collection at

hands of Mr. Knight

I.

Wentworth, have disappeared.

Mr. Huntley's was removed

to

At

the death of Mrs.

Arnold Harrison,

that lady's collection passed, like

Chatsworth in 1835, and Mr. R. Harrison's dispersed by the

hammer

last year.

Mr. Cattley's,

--

10
/

Mr. Allcard, Mr. Cox, and Mrs. Lawrence,

HoRSFALL and Mr.
Macclesfield

all in

the neighbourhood of London,

There are

Lemon)

good

also

(Mr. Llewelyn)

Mr. Wanklyn and Mr. Bow,

Manchester

at

(Lord Mountnorris)

Stamford)

(L

collections at

Mr
(S

Bicton (I

indisp

Although many
tain, there

more

those of greatest note would be of

down

that mififht be laid

of species they con-

Hill,

young Orchis-grower than any code of

service to the

g
the Rev. John Clowes, of Brousfhton Hall

Hacknev
Wandsworth
The two
:

Duke

are those of the

studied with the

Messrs. Loddiges. at

West

and, therefore, a

instructions

for his guidance.

may
of

number

a wide difference in the modes of culture employed, and in the degree of success attained

is

among

tour

of the collections above enumerated are nearly on a par, as respects the

first

immense

are on

scale,

ire,

of

at

nd Mr.
several

and

ements

Chatsworth

omodate

much

numb
from such sultrv

localities as Sierra

Leone, the Mauritius

suffocation.

Messrs

Isles.

smaller house and lower temperatu

but the

some magnificent specimens

In the

produce

The

collections of

Mr. Clowes and Mr. Rucker are admirably grown, and the houses

which they are disposed,

in

seem so well adapted to serve as models^ that, with the permission of the owners^ a ground plan of each is given
Mr. RucKER'sf plants are the most vigorous
but the house of Mr. Clowes is the most
in a subsequent page.
The plans will
enjoyable, and displays Orchidaceas to greater advantage than any other that we have hitherto seen.
;

V.

explain themselves.

And
is

Supposing the plants estabhshed in a suitable house

ng

an indispensable preliminary

found to contain

all

that

is

most

which

essential for their successful

management.

1st.

The

plants can scarcely have too

much

light or too little sun.

Light prevents mildew, strengthens the

fibre,

and checks the

first

is

many
blocks of

wood (cork-wood

moss and broken

is

The

throw up a succession of weakly shoots.

on the contrary, scorches and turns the leaves

to shine powerfully upon plants that have just left their winter quarters.
In order

he production of flowers.

which

disposition to

sun,

species should be suspended in the air from rafters or chains,

some being placed

the best) or fragments of cocoa-nut husks

peat, or in pots with pierced

perfectly for plants

hkims)

and

Examples of

all

these contrivances will be seen in the vignette at the conclusion of this article.

the rays of the sun, shading

is,

To

prevent injury from

of course, necessary, but this should be so arranged as to be easily removed, as

not to be continued for more than ten or twelve hours on the very longest summer's day.

duced SDarindv, are advantasreous, and have a good

it

ought

Exotic climbing plants^ intro-

effect.

2nd. Take care of the roots.

depends.

grow too

drij

they shrivel up and perish

if

The winter

is

with them the most

too wet^ they rot.

depends upon the mode

plants are potted, and which should be such as to admit of their readily parting with

secure this nothing

An

is

better than a plentiful admixture of broken potsherds.

example of perfectly natural treatment

the tropical forest will soon be ready

t Mr.

warm end
end of

this

Rucker has

all

Hi^h-potting;

suDerfluous moisture
is

now

and to

so generallv practised

probably, ere long be afforded in the great conservatory at Chatsworth, where the
palms and other glories of
at the rate they are now progressing
for the reception of epiphytes of all denominations.

falls to

long house than in another where

will,

kindly sent the following

of the house, which usually

critical season, for if suffered to

memorandum

about 60^ at the other

is less

moisture,

mode of treatment, &c.,

end, in summer 75 to 80.

of the

and a lower temperature."

at

West

Hill

: " Our

average temperature, in winter,

I find that all the plants

is

about

from temperate climates thrive better

Qb''

at the

at the cool

'--I-'.

"

-7

i-

'

- 1-.

11
r

in

good

collections, that

it is

upon

needless to insist

its

importance.

Rapidly growing plants, such as the different species

of Phaius, Gongora, Peristeria, Stanhopea, &c., require to be broken up and entirely repotted every second
or third year
on the other hand there are some air-plants, &c., that may remain undisturbed for five or ten years together.

3rd.

Beware of
Y

Orchidaceje are more particularly exposed to the attacks of the following insectswoodhce, crickets, and cockroaches, the thrip, a minute woolly w^hite scale, and a diminutive species of snail the two last
being infinitely the most
pernicious.
WoodHce are easily kept in check by placing the plants on saucers, or within troughs filled with water,
;

especiahy
IS

if

The " onyscamyntic epiphyte-stand"* invented by Mr. Lyons,

way of accomplishing the same end. It is made by merely fixing a forked branch,

the valuable aid of a few toads be called

an mgemous and, no doubt, effectual

in.

or block of wood, to the raised centre of a massive saucer or feeder which, being kept constantly full of water, forms a
sort of foss
impassable to vermin round the plant it is intended to guard.
Crickets and cockroaches are very fond of
flower-scapes, and to be dreaded accordingly.
Red wafers scattered over and among the pots, are to them very tempting

baits,

and,

if

swallowed, the red lead they contain acts as a poison, but these pests are best destroyed by the mixture

recommended for the white scale. The

grown in too hot and dry a temperature.
washing.

Small

they come, and

abound

some

in

It usually first

appears

among

the Calaseia, and

collections, while, in others, they are

They

but impossible to eradicate them entirely.

all

when they

forth

snails

do much mischief, except where plants are either neglected, or

thrip does not

and

are just beginning to grow,

if

unknown

is

it is difficult

removed by

careful

to conjecture

whence

to be

batten upon the tenderest roots, such as plants put

not kept in check would speedily produce irretrievable mischief

Lettuce leaves, shces of potato, turnip, &c., are very enticing, and while they divert the attention of the enemy from the
roots^ they also afford an opportunity of capturing him.
The collections which are watered exclusively with ram-water
I

are the least infested.

But the worst plague of

all is

only as a white speck upon the leaves, then covers

following remedy will be found efficacious
will

viz.,

the small white scale, which, in

them with a

dissolve half a

down, and

soft whitish

pound of camphor

be an impalpable powder, to which add one pound of Scotch snuff; one

in a bottle (carefully stopped).

wherever the enemy shows

its first

insidious approaches, appears

finally kills

For

them.

in a pint of spirits-of-wine

ditto,

pepper; one

ditto, sulphur,

this the

the result

and keep

This mixture should be dusted over the infected parts, and repeated whenever or
If persisted in for

itself

some

time, the mixture rarely

fails

to effect a perfect cure

and

it

has the further good property of acting as a most deadly poison to cockroaches, &c., which have quite disappeared in the
collection at Knypersley since this mixture

the

brown

into frequent use.

scale are frequently injurious, but never except

Give the plants a season of

4th.

came

in'

Besides the above annoyances, the red spider and

cases of gross neglect.

rest.

Without a season of rest, most plants

will

not flower at

all,

and others do so very imperfectly.

It

is

easily

accom-

by moving the plants from the warmer to the cooler end of the house
or by
diminishing the quantity of water or by placing them in a cooler house.
Even exposure in a hot, dry atmosphere,
although it scorches their leaves, not unfrequently throws them into vigorous flower.
Plants from the East Indies, and
from other climates where the extremes of drought and wet are not felt so severely as in Brazil or Hindostan, require a
plished in a variety of ways, either

season of rest proportionably short, and of a less decided character.

Attend

5th.

to the condition of the air.

In winter 60 to 65

even higher

if

a wholesome temperature for most of the species

derived from the heat of the sun.

70^ even in winter

Where

summer it may rise to 70

warmer one should not be

in the

there are two houses, the

The

^ft

plants, as

but, fortunately, there are comparatively few kinds that insist

should always

upon the

is

it

condenses

and

this is easily effected

by

latter should,

upon

so hot a berth.

or 75, or

The

air

however, be prevented from dripping

fixing a small copper pipe, or piece of channelled

wood, under

each rafter and sash-bar, to catch and carry off the water.

6th.

Do

not over- water.

This a beginner

is

1l

very apt to do, and a grievous fault

it is.

When

plants do not shrivel or flag,

are content with the humidity that the atmosphere of the house supphes.

done indiscriminately, but according

only,

which may be collected

for the

to the

wants of particular

plants.

When

It is, also,

watering

is

it is

necessary,

a sign that they

it

should not be

of great importance to use rain-water

purpose in a tank, as shewn in the nlan of Mr. Rucker's house, and whirh should

What

a pity Mr.

Lyons did not invent an

easier

name

for his ingenious device

12
not be applied of a temperature below 60,

Syringing, in moderation,

may be had

the Sohralias, together with Bromhcedia palustris, grow more vigorously

the

if their

recourse to in hot weather.

Some

of

pots are set in saucers of water during

summer months.

To
strive to

the foregoing rules the following advice

grow a few good kinds

plants enumerated

blage

in the best style."

in the subjoined

fails to satisfy

may

'^

be added

''

Do

not aim at having too large a collection^ but rather

With moderate

Century/' will thrive apace^ and bloom freely

must be an ardent

^and he w4iom such a

brilliant

collector indeed.

INTERIOR OF EPIPHYTE HOUSE, AT KXYPERSLEY

"

''

assem-

'l^imA.
-I.

Brickm
ill!::

Grozz^nd'
-t!

TH-7z.

-J iy

7^-e

u^clIbtz^^^^

'-

~-6G0-

-&

J^-

171.

^^

^t

ill'.

-^

I^oth^ri(/
1

\
\
L

IS

-^
*j

r*i

>:

'

1^7'^

^
-^

to

1^

<

U~..

'

fc?T*f *af 11 ifTTT 'tlrtn inwBa JaaamJ^^BJMjSa

'(

L ^^OTg,ra-rj^^nf-tKqBtt3TiaTOWBMM^^

rTif.3&aTj'*ag<sagaMi>njcaamit^^

EPIPHYTE-HOUSE IN THE GARDENS OF SIGISMUND RUCKER, ESQ, WANDSWORTH

.

J
y

'

ynoke ^^lix^e

Sjti oke^lu e

>

4
v

I^ath

'\

These Shel^je^ are all JDislv

Top^'i'-

I'J'L^

rj
"r^-GallerT/-

, ..^^^^__^^^j^^.

'^C'

s^

/ ^

-N

SrvJ

^^^

s
TJtefie

Shelfe^y^ aUy Slope

'Lzti/ards.

FatJi

EPIPHYTE-HOUSE IN THE GARDENS OF THE REV. JOHN GLOWES, BROUGHTON HALL, MANCHESTER.

CENTURY
OF

THE BEST ORCHIDACE^ CULTIVATED

EASTERPJ SPECEES
BRIDES,

(ann. 1843) IN

BRITISH COLLECTION

WESTERiM
CATTLEYA,

odoratum.

labiata.

quinquevulnera.

Skinneri.

PE

Harrisonii,

crispum,

guttata,
affine.

O NCIDIUM,

virens.

Lanceanum,

DENDROBIUM,

crispum,

moschatum,

pectorale.

pulchellum.

ornithorhynchum.
papilio.

formosum.

leucochilum.
bicallosum,
pulchellum.

sulcatum.
densiflorum.

Devonianum.

STANHOPEA,

macrophyllum.

tigrina.

taurinum.

Martiana.

aggregatum

oculata.

Pierardii.

grandiflora.

MAXILLARIA,

nobile.

sanguinolentum.

Skinneri,

fimbriatum,

cruenta.
cristata,

Paxtoni.

CYCNOCHES,

moniliforme.

Loddigesii.
chlorochilum.

^Dalhousianum.

SACCOLABIUM,

L^LIA,

guttatum.

Blumei.

anceps.
cinnabarina.

compressum.

Perrinii.

EPIDENDRUM,

^macrostachium.

VANDA,
r

Roxburghii.
teres.

violacea.

ANGR^CUM,

Skinneri.
alatum.

macrochilum.
Stamfordianum.

PERISTERIA,
elata.

Humboldtii.

eburneum.
caudatum,

BRASSIA,

CAMAROTIS,

Lanceana.

MORMODES,

purpurea.

luxatum,

CALANTHE,
veratrifolia.

TRICHOPILIA,
tortilis.

masuca.

CCELOGYNE,
cristata.

HUNTLEYA,
violacea.

SOBRALIA,

Wallichiana.

Gardneriana.

RENANTHERA,
coccinea.

%racknites.

ARUNDINA,

macrantha,
^liliastrum.

GOVENIA,
superba.

MILTONIA,
Candida.

Clowesii
bambusifolia.
densa.

BROMH^DIA,

spectabilis.

ZYGOPETALUM,
Mackaii.

barkeria;

palustris.

PHAL^NOPSIS,

spectabilis.

GALEANDRA,

amabile.

GRAMMATOPHYLLUM,
* speciosum

CIRRHOPETALUM,
*

C ummmgu

CYPRIPEDIUM,
insigne.

barbatum.

CYMBIDIUM,

Devoniana.

CHYSIS,
1 cevis.

CYRTOPODIUM,
punctatum.

HOULLETIA,
Brocklehurstiana.

CYRTOCHILUM,
stellatum.

aloifolium,

PHAIUS,
maculatus,
Wallichianus.

ACANTHOPHIPPIUM,
bicolor.

Note.

-The

fine species are

ODONTOGLOSSUM,
grande,

CORYANTHES,
macrantha.

GONGORA,
maculata.

marked with an asterisk have not yet flowered in England, but are known, from dried specimens, to
be admirable things.
omitted in this list on account of the difficulty of managing them, and none are
inserted but such as will succeed with ordinary
plants

Many
care.

SYNOPSIS
OF

ALL THE DESCRIBED SPECIES OF ORCHIDACE^ HITHERTO DISCOVERED IN

MEXICO AND GUATEMALA.
ACROPERA.

CUITLAUZINA.,
LindL Gen,

Loddigesii.

{Maxillaria galeata.

Spe. 172.

8^

Lodd, Bot. Cab,

1645.)

1.

Llave, Nov. Veg, 31.

2,

LindL Bat. Reg.

40.

t.

{E.

BARKERIA.
elegans.

t.

Knowles

Westcott, Floral

Cabinet,

Lind\eyana.~Bate. Orchid, t. 28.

spectabilis.
Bot. Reg. Misc. 1842, 45

Mex.

Orchid.

t.

Bateman

(C. Wilmorei

acutipetala.
t.

1681.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 217.

t.

\Q>.
t.

CATASETUM.
laminatura. LindL
Mex.

Russellianum.
tridentatum,

t.

30

t.

Mag.

La

2.

(^Sobralia

Mag. Bot.
citrina.- La Lave.)

Skinneri.

Bateman Orchid.

loevis." OrcAzt/. Mex.

13.

18.

31,

t.

in Bot.

Mag.

Bot. Reg.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1841,

Knowles

Sf

Passim.

t.

23.

Humboldt

v. 2,

{E, densijlorum

t,

gladiatum.

glaucum.

CCELIA.

3791.)

Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 20.

Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 56.

Knorvles

(Epithecium glaucum.-

Bauerana. 5o^ Reg. 1842, t. 36.

LindL in Bot, Reg.
macrostachia.

t.

sub.

COMPARETTIA.
t.

68.

rose-d.Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 86.

hastatum.

LindL

lamellatum.

Westcott

t.

in

latilabre.

Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc. 52.

GOVENIA,
Lind, Bot, Reg. sub.

36.

ligulatum.

Spe. p. 451.

liliacea.

La

1795.

t.

Lindl, Bot. Reg. 1838,

t.

13.

Llave,)

Lodd, Bot. Cab.

La Llave.)

1709.

t,

Lindl, Bot, Reg. 1839, Misc. 66.

lagenophora.

HARTWEGIA,
purpurea.
var,

LindL Bot, Reg. 1840, Misc, 96.

angustifolia.
Bot, Reg, 1843, Mac. 58.

HEXADESMIA,
Adolphe Brongniart Ann. Sc.
p. 44; Bot. Reg, 1842, Misc. 46.
crurigera.
Bateman.
fasciculata.

in Bot. Rexr.

3, 82.

1843, Misc,

{Hexopea crurigera. Bateman.)

lurida.
Bateman MSS.

H ABE N ARIA,
Lind. Gen,

ndL Bot: Reg. 1842, Misc. 70.

flexuosa.

Lind. Bot. Reg, 1842,

crassicornis. imfZ. Gen.

t,

50.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 109.

Klobzsch in Allfiem. srarten. 1829.

La

Ma
Mex

clypeata.

Lind. Gen,

entomantha.
(Orchis, entomatha,

Llave, p. 98.

raacrochilura.
^^

Hooker's Journal,

60.

Linkianum.

CRANICHIS.
LindL Gen.

Bot. Reg, 1841, Misc. 101.

lacertinum.

Mag

Bateman Orchid,

var.

36.

Westcott, Flor. Cab.

87.)

lancifolium,

CORYANTHES.
7T

t.

49; Bateman

Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1839, ^.51.

1,

fragrans." Swartz.

1889.

t.

Mex, t.\9.

Orchid.

superba.

falcatum. i5oi^. Reg. 1840, Misc. 20.

{E. Parkinsonianum. Hooker, Bot, Mag, t, 3778.)
fruticosum.
Pavon.

CIRRH^.A.

Spe, 161.

8f

Lindl, Bot. Reg, 1840,

Baueri.

(Maxillaria superba.

Hooker, Bot. Mag.

385,

GALEANDRA,

{Maxillaria

86.

t.

4,

Bateman.

32.

Kunth, Nov. Gen.

8f

Amer. Nat. Hist.

FERNANDESIA,

liliacea.
t.

in

Lindl. Gen,

brevilabris.

truncata.

Westcott, Flor, Cab.

LindL

EUCNEMIS,

maculata.

lAndl. Bot, Reg, 1842, Misc. p. 31.

floribundum.

1840,

Llave, Nov. Veg. 12.

Bot. Reg. 1838,

Americana.

fulva.

t,

EPIPACTIS,

GONGORA,

3898.

t.

Bateman, Orchid, Mex.

equitans. i?o;. Reg. Misc. 1838, 76.
353,

LindL Bot. Reg.

LindL Bot. Reg, Misc. 1840, 190.

viscidum.

Lindl. Bot, Reg, 1843, Misc. 43.

erubescens.

CYPRIPEDIUM.

tubulosa.

t.

25.

p. 79.

Misc. 130.

speciosa.

t.

LindL Gen. ^ Spe, p. 99.

virgatum.
LindL in Hooker's Journal, v. 3, p. 83.
vimheWatnm.Swartz. Bot, Mag. t, 2030.

capitata,

/.

35.

t.

venosum.

Mag. t.3898,)

Linnceus,

crispatum.

CHYSIS.

1840,

LindL Bot, Reg. Misc, 1839, 76,

Hooker Bot. Mag. t, 3765,)

concolor.

Paxton,

coccinea.

61.

Lindl, Bot, Reg. Misc. p. 29, 1842.

Misc

Mag

robusta.

Candollei.

1.

Misc

Llave, Nov, Ve(^. 2, 31.

calocheilum. //"ooAer

Hooker Bot. Mag, t. 3777.

Hooker Exot. FL 91.

La

t.

Boothianum. Zmrf/. Bot, Reg, 1838, Misc. 7.

bractescens.
LindL Bot. Reg. Misc. 1842, p, 32.

Kunth; Bateman, Or-

grsinnlosa. LindL Bot. Reg. 1842, L

Re^. Misc. 66,

Bot.

in

3885).

Hooker, Bot.

cochleatum.

Irapa;anum.

3631.

t,

Llave, Nov. Veg. 2, 22.

Mex,
Bateman, Orchid, Mex.

asperura.

{E. cepiforme.

bractescens.

Mag.

auYitvim.-^ LindL Bot. Reg* 1843, Misc. 4.

Sf

Batem.an

LindL Hooker's Journal, 3, 83.

tripunctatum.
LindL Bot, Reg. Misc. 1841, 113.
varicosum. Bateman Bot. Reg. Misc. 37, 1838.
vitellinum.
LindL Sert. Orchid, t, 45 Bot, Reg.

Bateman, Orchid, Mex. t. 10.

aurantiacum.
Bateman, Orchid. Mex. t. 12.
antennifcrum.
LindL
articulatum.
Klotzsch, Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc.
Bot.

Bateman.')

tessellatum.

aromaticum.

CATTLEYA.
citrina.

Llave, Bot.

Bate., Orchid,

calocheilum.

22.

Orchid,

Sert.

(E, rhizophorum.

Bateman, Bot. Reg. t. 1881.

Stamfordianum. Bateman Orchid, Men

129.

Reg. 1841,/. 5.
maculatLim.
Humboldt
chid.

t,

Pavon.

tripterum.

Bateman, Bot. Reg. 1838,

aloifolium.

(B. JVrayce, Hart.)

tristis.

La

arbusculum.

Bateman Orchid,

radiatum.

Bot.

La

altissimum.

2.

82

Skinneri.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 112.

adenocaulon.

(i?.

3,

1838.

papillosum, Batemaji,)

BRASSIA.

verrucosa.

LindL Bot, Reg. 1838, Misc. 134.

anisatum.

brachiata.

Hooker's Journal,

^.,31.

alatnm,

LindL Bot. Reg., t. 832.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc.

^^

radicans.

EPIDENDRUM.

BROUGHTONIA.
candata..

DINEMA.

39.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 22.

Li^idl. in

LindL Bot. Reg. 1842, t. 42.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1842, sub. t, 50.

selligerum.

{E. Grahami, Bot.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 24,

venosa.

Misc

pterocarpum.

Bot.

Hart.

cordata.

(J?,

Mex.

xii.

t.

DIENIA.

LindL Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 14.

-LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, t. 44; Bate.

Orchid.

Mex

squalidum.

grandiflora.

glauca.

Sert, Orchid,

C, speciocissimum.)

adenocarpum.

BRASAVOLA.

Llave, Bot, Reg. 1842, Misc, p.

polyanthum.

3507.

t,

paleacea.

BULBOPHYLLUM.

La

raniferum.

LindL

iridifolia.

campanulata. Za Llave, Nov. Veg. 2, 17.

coccinea.
La Llave, Nov. Veg. 2, 16.
secunda.
LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 120.
punctata.
La Llave, Nov. Veg. 2, 15.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1838, Misc. 15,

Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 128.

DICRYPTA.

gracilis. 5o^. Reg.

sordidum.

sub.

44; Sert,

t.

3, 32.

and Spe. p. 104.

(jB. bisetum.

Mag.

BLETIA.

Hooker's Journal,

31.

CYRTOPODIUM.

33.

in

Hart.)

pastoris.

59.

punctatum.

j^-

26.

t,

maculatum. LindL Bot. Reg. 1838,

Orch. XXV.

49.

Spe,

8f

5.']

LindL Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 59.

graminifolium.
LindL in Bot. Reg. 1841,

1907.

t.

Clorvesii.

ocbraceum.

filipes.

sub.

Gen.

Llave, L.

Lindl. Gen.

ovalifolium,

CYRTOCHILUM.

epidendroides.

LindL

nemorale.

Bateman Orchid. Mex.

maculatum. LindL Sert. Orchid.
ventncosum.~B ateman Orchid. Mex. t.

22; Bat. Reg,

La

101.

1872.

t.

Egertonianum.

ASPASIA.

aurea.

LindL Bot. Reg.

s])iCRtnm, La Have, Nov. Veg.

1839, Misc. 16.

Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 62.

Michuacanum.'

CYCNOCHES.

ARPOPHYLLUM.

t.

miserum.

(continued),

-.

rosea.

La

Llave, Nov. Veg. 2, 36.

CRYBE.

ALAMANIA.
punicea.

La

pendula.

EPIDENDRUM

<^

Spe. 310.
Spe, 310.

^'

Spe. 310.

Lindl. Gen.

8^

Spe. 310.

Za Llave.)

lONOPSIS,
utriculariodes.ii^iti!.

Gen,

Sf

Spe. 193.

xvii.,

>

SYNOPSIS
ONCIDIUM

ISOCHILUS,
LindL Bot. Reg 1839, Misc. 45.
graminifolium. Humboldt Nov, Gen, 1, 340,

lividum.

1483,

PLEUROTHALLIS

(continued),

(continued),

Misc

LindL Bot. Reg, Misc. 1842, 14;

bicallosum.
t,

(continued.)

81,

12,

t.

LindL Bot. Reg, 1842, sub, t. 4.

brachyandrum. LindL Sert, Orchid, sub, t. 48.
candidum. LindL Bot, Reg, 1843, Misc. 76.

M;

brachyphyllum.

LindL Bot, Reg,

grandifloruin.

LiELIA,
La

autumnalis.
t.

Llave,

Bateman

Mex,

Orchid,

Bot, Reg,

1751,

t,

LindL Bot, Reg, 1841,

acuminata.

Bot, Reg, 1839,

albicla

farfuracea. ^0^. Reg, 1839,

t.

La

1842, suh,

ensatum.

26.
62,

62.

t,

Mex,

LindL Bot, Reg, Misc, 1842,

rubescens. LindL Bot, Reg, 1841, t, 41.
LindL Orchid, Mex, t, 38.
superbiens.
peduncularis.

Llave.

Misc. 21

1840,

10.

Mex. t, 29.
leucochilum. Bateman Orchid, Mex,

LIPARIS,
Scheidweiler in Garten-zeitung 1842, p,

293,
elata.

48.

LEOCHILUS,

1843,

Bot, Reg, Misc, 1842, 22.

{^Oncidium cartnatum, Floral Cabt,

MAXILLARIA,
Hooker Bot, Mag, t, 3966.
Hook, Ex, Flo, t, 219; Bot, Reg,

345,

1,

80

t,

Presl, reliq, 1, 99.

pelicanum.

Hort,

Monac,

Boothii, LindL Bot, Reg. 1838, Misc, 95,

Lindenii.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1842, ^.13.

cucuUata. LindL Bot, Reg, 1840, t, 12.
densa.
Landl. Bot, Reg,

sphacelatum.imd'/. Bot. Reg,

Loddiges Bot, Cab,

Bateman

Macleei.

in

t,

Sert. Orchid, sub,

stramineum.
Misc,

La

tigrinum.

155.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1840,

sub,

Bateman Orchid, Mex, t, 35.

{Lycaste Skinneri, LindL Bot, Reg, Misc, 1843,
tenui folia. _BoL Reg, 1839, t, 8.
Skinneri.

xanthina. ix/xc?. Bot, Reg, 1839,

sub,

t,

17.'

longifolium,
cebolleta.

MICROSTYLTS,

iridifolium.

LindL Bot. Reg, 1838, Misc, 93.

excavata.

M.
Bateman

nudum.

LindL

carthaginense.

LindL Bot,

aromaticum.

Reg-, Misc, 1841, 162.

Mis

buccinator.

luxatum.
1843,

t,

33,

Mex

{Cyclosia maculata,

t,

60.)

(0. sanguineum.

(0.

Klotzsch.)

LindL

8.

Loddiges, Bot, Cab,

sub,

14.
125..

Bateman,

Bateman Orchid, Mex,

Knowles

t,

15.

Westcott, Floral Cab.

Bateman Orchid,

t,

t.

7; Bot. Reg, 1839,

Bot. Reg, Misc. 1842, 19,

LindL Gen,

(Neottia sulphurea.

4.

(Neottia aurantiaca.

Flor.

La Llave.)

LindL Gen, <^ Spe. 479,

(^Neottia cinnabarina.La Llave.)
Michuacanus. LindL Gen, ^ Spe, 479.
La Llave.)
(Neottia Michuacana,
cinnabarinus.

Cab.

SPIRANTHES,

27.)

t.

Spe, 478.

LindL Gen. ^' Spe. 479.

aurantiacus.
LindL Gen, 8f Spe, 479.

48.

t.

La Llave,)

Sf

lupulinus.

727.)

Sert. Orchid,

t.

1,

cerina.

1994,

t,

Westcott,

<'

Sert, Orchid,

STENORHYNCHUS,

Sert. Orchid, sub,

Knorvles

Bot. Reg. 1800.

SPIRANTHES,

48,

t.

27.

121.

t.

Mex

Bot. Reg, sub,

t.

LindL

t.

graveolens, j5o^. Reg, 1840, Misc.

aurea.
Bot. Reg, 1841, Misc, 31.

sulphureus.

Bot. Reg,

LindL

Bateman Orchid. Mex.

Martiana.

tigrina.

LindL

graminea,

in

Benth,

PL

Hartweg, p. 25,

No, 224.

Humboldt

Kunth

LindL Gen.

LindL Ann, Nat, Hist. 4.

LindL Gen. ^ Spe, 473.
pyramidalis.
Llaveana. LindL in Benth. PI. Hartweg,
(Neottia micrantha,

Spe. 208.

p, 72,

La Llave,)

SPECKLINIA,

PERISTERIA,
Barkeri,

Bateman Orchid. Mex.

t,

ciliaris. Zmc?Z. Bot.

8,

apterum. ia Llave, Nov, Veg. 2,

Cervantesii. ia Llave, Nov, Veg,

carinatus.

38.

{Stelis tubata.

Hort,

Reg, 1840,

Liiidley Bot,

(Cyrtochilum Bictoniense,

Orchid.

Mex.

t,

t,

66.

6.)

grmAe, Bateman

Orchid,

t,

24

Lodd,

79.

Reg. 1841, t, 48,

maculatum. Za IJave, Bot. Reg, 1840, t, 30.
Rossii. imrf/. Bot, Reg, 1839, t. 48.
Link.)

Misc

cordatum.

ONCIDIUM,

Misc

macrantha.

Bate-

Mex
Misc

circumplexa.

Misc
Mis

muscifera.

Misc,

marginata.

Misc

octomerioides.

Misc,

breviflora.

STELIS,
macrostachia.

Hort.

TRICHOCENTRUM,
LindL Bot. Reg. 1843, Misc.
LindL Bot. Reg. t, 1951.

candidum,
fuscum.

17.

TRICHOPILIA,

1842.
1

Mex

decora,

bicolor.

in Bot,

stellatum.

Bot. Cab,)

Lind. Bot,

Bateman

9.

Misc

Reg,

Misc. 1840, 94.

Spe, p,

SOBRALIA

PLEUROTHALLIS,
angustifolia.

Bot.

LindL Bot, Reg. 1838, Misc, 132.

apthosa.

citrosmum.

Reg. 1838, Misc, 40.

(Humboldtia purpurea,')

Loddigesii,

39.

2,

LindL Gen.

linearis.

PHYSOSIPHON,

ODONTOGLOSSUM,

tortilis.

LindL Bot, Reg.

t,

1863

ophiocephala,

ampliatum.

Misc
i

1699.

'

78,

TRIGONIDIUM,

1842.
pachyglossa.

t,

LindL Bot, Reg. Misc, p,

Barkeri. Zmc/^. Bot.

Sert. Orchid,

1838, Misc. 12.)

Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 168.

Hort,

(0. Ehrenbergii,

Bot. Reg.

STANHOPEA,

maculosa

Hort,)
Henchmanni. Hort.)

Sf

ORNITHOCEPHALUS,

pulchellum

30, 1842.

t,

PACHYPHYLLUM,

NOTYLIA,

Bictoniense.

tibicinis,

30.

t,

ramentacea,

Hort,

Barken. LindL

{Epidendrum

saccata,

Srvartz.

LindL

procumbens.

Clowesii.

48.

(0. roseum,

pardinum,
var, citrinum.

(O. luridum,

(0. intermedium,

LindL Bot. Reg. 1842, t, 43.

LindL Bot, Re^. 1842, Misc. 60.

lineatum.

t,

LindL Bot, Reg, 1842, t.

Swartz.Bot. Reg, t, 1994.
Bot. Reg, t, 1911,

digitatum.

MORMODES,

Bateman Orchid,

venusta,

Ma

Wrav^.

p. 16.)

variabilis. 5o^. Reg, 1838, Misc, 36.

Barkeri,

Llave

203 LindL Sert, Orchid,

Wentworthianum.
Misc

12.

t,

SHOMBURGKIA,

7,

in Bot,

rhombea.

1840,

^\mYe.~- LindL Bot, Re^, 1843, Misc. 22.

1840,

oculata,

Reg, 1842, Misc.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1840, t, 14.

Bateman

Suttoni,

1612.

Reg,

Bot,

Reg,

Bot, Reg, 184.2, Misc,

pergameneum.

cruenta.

LindL Bot, Reg. 1840, Misc, 218.

maculata.

var. Wardii.

Bot.

4.

t,

Misc, 216.

1871.

Deppii.

Mex,

Orchid,

obovatum.

t,

23.

t,

Gen.

aromatica.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1841, Misc, 175,

Humboldt ^ Kunth, Nov,
omithorhynchum.

Bot, Reg, Misc, 1842, 22.

oncidioides.

acutipetala.

LindL Bot, Reg, Misc. 1840, 193

nebulosum.
2, p, 30.)

RODRIGUESIA,

tibicinis.

microchilum.

Llave, Nov. Veg, 29.

\,

t.

t,

La

atratum.

LindL Bot. Reg, t, 4, 1842.

Karwinskii. LindL Sert, Orchid, sub, t, 48.
{Cyrtochilum Karwinskii, Bot. Reg, sub, t, 1992.)
funereum. La Llave ; LindL Sert, Orchid, sub,

Bot, Reg, ^.1175.

carinatus.

PSITTACOGLOSSUM,

Orchid.

longifolium.

alata.

LindL Bot, Reg. Misc. 1842, 71.

clavata,

LindL Bot, Reg, 1840, Misc, 174;

incurvum.

{Nemaconia graminifolia, Floral Cab, p, 127.)

juncifolia.
LindL Gen. ^ Spe, p, 113.
striata.
LindL Bot. Reg. Misc. 1842, 17.

POLYSTACHYA,

2\,

t.

Bot, Reg. Misc. 1839, 15.

graminifolia.

Bot. Reg.

Mex.

78.

Scheidweiler, Garten-zeitung, 1842,

Orchid,

23,

t,

48.

LindL Bot, Reg. Misc, 1842, 15.

Insleayii. -Zmr?.

p.

PONERA,

p, 309.

LindL Bot, Reg,

v. 2,

Misc

Humboldt.

echinatum.

t.

Llave, 2, 17;

Orchid,

majalis.

24,

Forkelii.

fiava. LindL Bot, Reg, 1842,

grandiflora.

t,

54.

t.

La

hyalinobulbon

t.

Westcott, Flor, Cab.

3.

t.

(^Oncidium pachyphyllum. Hooker.)

confragosum. LindL Sert, Orchid, sub.

9,

anceps.

Bateman Orchid. Mex,

Cavendishianum.

&

villosa,

48*

Reg. 1841, Misc, 174;

.

LindL Bot, Reg, 1842, Misc. p

Bateman

LindL Bot,

Reg,,

Misc, 1838, 135.

69,

pubescens,

Egertonianum,

LindL Bot, Reg. 1842, Misc, 76,

xlngens, LindL Bot. Reg. 1840, Misc. 121.

^:--:<^-

J^ss

Br^Jai.

del/-

LETT

oiK'CiBiirs
PiMhyJ.B/-j0m7y

A-

Son/6, 269.

CO

Jk/:cmh%

M Oaual
CMII^HJir

Ju^ I

IS37.

hth SJiortA

Q-escm-t^ Sedfin^d

Sq^

Tab.

I.

ONCIDIUM* LEUCOCHILUM
WHITELIPPED ONCJDIUM.
Tribus: YAN'DE^.Lindi.ey.

O^ClBlVM.^Swartz.

Act. Holm. 239. 1800.

Periantiiium explanatum.
labello connatis.

Sepala

Petalia conformia.

columna continuum, varie lobatum,

Broion

in

Hort. Keic.

saepiiis unclulata

215.

lateralibus

maximum

Labellum

5.

nunc sub

ecalcaratum,

basi tuberculatum v. cristatum.

cum

Columna

libera, semiteres, apicc utrinquc alata.

Anthera semibilocularis, rostcllo nunc

PoUinia 2, postice sulcata, caudicula plana,

nunc elongato rostrato.

glandula oblonga. Herbse epiphytae, nunc pseudo-bulbosae.
abbreviatOj

Folia coriacca.

Scapi paniculati vaginati, rarius simplices.

Flores speciosi,
maculati, raro alhu^LtiuUey, Gen, et Sp. OrcJi. 196.
OwciDiun

pseudo-bulbis ovatis sulcatis 1-2 phyllis,

foliis

sa^pius

lutei,

ensiformibus scapo exaltato paniciilato

multo brevioribus, sepalis petalisque oblongis obtusis subasqualibus patentissimis, labello rcnifonui altc
bilobo utrinque emarginato
laciniis lateralibus nanis retusis, crista 3-corni basi utrinquc dcntato,
columnar alis acinaciformibus crenulatis.
:

Habitat

Skikner,

Guatemala.

in

igcjjrriptiou*

An
at

Epiphyte.
from 2

the edges,

shaped, a foot
quite

or

rather loosely

to

more

hearing

erect,

Pseudo-bulbs

deeply sulcated, ovate, tapering towards the apex, compressed

4 inches long, throiving out numerous slender

long,

from

scattered,

one and sometimes

two

on

icirg

each pseudo-halh.

roots.

LEAVES

SOAPE, 3-4

sword-

feet high,

commencement numerous hranches^ on ichich the flowers are

SepalS and Petals nearly equal, ohlong, ohtuse, spread ivide open,
its

very

of a bright green colour, blotched with a rich reddish brown.

LiP pure lohite, lohed ; the lateral
lobes small, rounded; the middle lobe broadly kidney -shaped, emarginate.
CreST, consisting of
5 tubercles, of which the two outer are thin and sharp, the 2 inner fleshy and straight, and the
middle one, (which is much the largest,) resembling in form the horn
of a rhinoceros, pointing
towards the base.
Wings of the Column crenulate, scimitar-shaped, of a faint rose-colour.

The

Oncidium, which now comprehends upwards of sixty species, contains

none more distinct or remarkable, we had almost said, more beautiful, than our present subject.
In habit O. leucochilum is large and stately, and approaches O. altissimum, Baueri, and pictum; but
its flower-stems have the peculiarity of being branched from the very base, which we have never observed
extensive genus

in

any other

species.

Its

most characteristic feature

however, the well-proportioned pure white

is,

labellum, which contrasts agreeably with the dark-green sepals and petals.

the column likewise add to the elegance of the flower.

known example
* " So

named from

other excrescences."'

t Something

of a white labellum), not only

oyKoc,

a tumour

is

The rose-coloured wings of

In O. pidchellum (which oflcrs the onlyj- other

the habit totally different, but the lip

the genus being composed wholly of species^ the labellum of which bears at

its

is

spotted

base warts, tumours, or

Lindley.

like a white labellum is

found in a httle

species, called 0.

lunaium

but

it is

a very dirty white,

and

also blotched with

brown.

towards the
itself,

c-entrc

with yellow, and

is

sepals and petals, which, like

so large as nearly to conceal the

are white.

Tlic roots of O.

hucocMlum

and are of a very fine wiry texture.

instance O. Cavendkluaitum (Tab. III., of this

are produced in great abundance,

As an example of a directly opposite character, we may

Work) of which the roots are few, but the thickest in the
press closely

upon one another,

so that the roots get

genus.

Tlie pseudo-bulbs of O. leucochilum

cramped and entangled amongst them

confusion, and to such an extent as almost to bury the poor tubers alive.

a collection of

Orcludacem from abroad, a case of

this description

is

When, on

in

hopeless

the arrival of

observed, strong measures must

be immediately resorted to ; for although the love of fine specimens may plead against the dismemberment
of so larf>-e a mass of bulbs so " full of lusty life," still it is next to impossible to cultivate the species
with any success till it has been freed from this incubus of rubbish and roots. The latter have usually
lost their vitality

on their arrival

and

if

not, they soon

become

rotten

when

subjected to a moist heat

they are, therefore, apt to occasion the decay of the pseudo-bulbs, and at the same time are incapable of
contributing in any

way

to their support.

They

are therefore to be

removed carefully and speedily, which

not to be effected without breaking up the masses into pieces, each containing 3 or 4 pseudo-bulbs ;
and if among these any decayed ones be observed, they must at once be cut away. Besides the danger

is

apprehended from decomposition, these collections of roots afford a secure retreat to a species of
" Cockroach," of which we shall hereafter speak, and than which, Orchidacem have no greater foe.

to be

was found by Mr. Skinner,

the autumn of the following year was produced the specimen from which

O. leucochilum appears to be not

and sent
our

to us in

fiiiure is

1835

and in

uncommon

in

Guatemala, Avhere

it

taken.

The Yignette

is

a representation of Istapa, from a spirited sketch

out at sea in 1834.

L<

Andes, giant of the ^Vestern Star

With meteor standard

Looks from

to the

winds iinfurrd;

his throne of clouds o'er half the world/'

by Mr. Skinner, made while

My} Ih-aJi^

M-

dd.

C A:r A

71./ d

>S

:E

/.,,

rD.

T r?I

ZlAmAT Oi

fyJ.J^chniuyaSciu:. I6^JYrca.Mly,Ji(fy J'^L'SST.

CamiL. lUk.

c? :\vrtli

Oc.;rmt Bidfcri

S</^-

Tab.

II.

CATASETUM- MACULATUM
SPOTTED CATASETUM,
VANDE^. Lixdley.

Tribus:

C AT A^Y/IU^l. Richard,

in

Kunth Synops.

I.

330.

Lindley, Gen. et Species Orcli. 13G.

Periantiiium ssepius giobosum, nunc explanatum.

Sepala et petala subaequalia.
Labellum crassmn, carnosum, nudum ventricosum, v. explanatum

fimbriatum

sub apice saccatum, obsolete trilobum. Columna erecta, aptera,

apice utrinque cirrhosa.
Anthera sub-bilocularis, anticc truncata.

libera,

Pollinia

maxima nuda demum

posticc biloba v. sulcata, caudicula

elastice

glandula cartilaginea subquadrata.

Herbte tenestres v. epiphyte,
caulibus brevibus fusiformibus vestigiis foliorum vestitis. Folia basi vaginantia,
plicata.
Scapi radicales. Flores speciosi, racemosi, virides, nunc purpureocontractili,

maculati.
Catasetum
paucifloris

iDseudo-bulbis sub-globosis

suba^qualibus

foliis

scpalis

fusi-formibus,

lanceolatis

labello cucullato apice l-dcntato marginibus ciliatis

Catasetum maculatum, Kunth, Synops.

I.

aciiminatis
;

lato-Ianceolatis

foliis

petalisque majoribus oblongis acutis-

columnEe cirrhis brevibus

crassis.

831.

Regno Novo-Granatcnsi, propc Turhaco, Humboldt;

Occani Atlantici, Skinner.
Habitat

acutis plicatis, scapis

in

In

Nlcaragud versus

littora

53tj>mption.

An

Epiphyte.

PseudO-DVLBS

and

large

inclining

he

to

globular,

each

heariiuj

several

broadly lanceolate, plicated, acute

about the same length as the

LEAVES, of a foot or a foot and a half in length. SCAPES radical,

leaves, hearing from 4: to S flowers.
SepaLS narroio, acuminate, the

lateral ones arched after the -manner

with claret colour on the inner,

chesnut hue.

LiP

of

the half

PETALS

of a how, whitish on the outer

broader than

the

cucidlate, tvith a small circular opening on its

is

two short and stout

almost touching

Fig.

dark brown, approaching

bristles,

it

the lip

is

of a uniform yellowish green

erect,

nearly straight, hearing

other, with their extremities

manner of a frog.
Fig. 2

is

a side view of the same.

the figure on the opposite side does not exactly agree with the description of Catasetum

maculatum given by M.
referring

CoLUMN

to black, within.

represents the face of the column.

/ALTHOUGH

with blotches of a clear reddish

face (the sides of tchich are delicately

which point downwards and lean towards each

spotted on the hack after the

and faintly spotted

sepals,

fringed), and firnished in front with a not very prominent tooth

on the outside, but

side,

to that species

Kunth
;

in his Synopsis, still

and we have, moreover, the

* So called from " kutu," downwarJsj and " setK," bristles,

tlie

we have

little

or

no doubt that we are correct

in

satisfaction of knowing that the opinion of Professor

column of

all

which point downwards.

the species being furnished with two processes like hairs,

LiKDLEY on
M. Kunth's

point coincides

this

plant

is

the latter character,

Avith

our own.

The only discrepancies of any moment

described as having serrated petals, and leaves only three inches long.

arc,

tliat

Now,

as to

too variable in this genus to be of any weight; and as to the former, we

apprehend there must be some mistake, for no such a thing as a " serrated petal" has, wc believe, ever
it

is

The nearest affinity of this species is, undoubtedly, with C. tridentatum

is easily distinguished, by the fringed margin of its lip (the apex of which terminates in
and by its sepals and petals, which stand away from, and clear of, the lip, instead of half

been seen amongst Orchidacea3.

but from that

it

a single tooth),

concealing

it.

C. maculatum

(and at that

was originally discovered by Humboldt, near the town of Turbaco, in New Grenada
time was the only Catasetum known) but Mr. Skixner, who met with it on the eastern
;

coast of Nicaragua,

plant which

we

lias

the merit of having introduced

received from him in the

summer

Having had occasion, in these remarks,

cannot deny ourselves the satisfaction of taking

it

into this country

and our figure

is

taken from a

of 183G, and which flowered in the followino; winter.

to
this

Baron

mention the name of the

vo:j-

Humboldt, we

opportunity of alluding, in terms of the most respectful

and kindness with which we were received by that illustrious traveller, when we
1836. How deep was the admiration with which we gazed on his expressive countenance

gratitude, to the courtesy

visited Berlin in

and how great

wonder when we found nothing to lead us to conclude that the perils and hardships
of his long and laborious life had in any way impaired his physical energies, or damped the scientific ardour
of his mind!
His recollection of the scenes and incidents of his travels in South America (anno 1799),
seemed as fresh as if he had returned but yesterday from those sultry shores! of the truth of wiiich
Avas our

observation, the following anecdote will furnish a

good

Having had occasion to put a question

to him respecting the Orchidacete of a portion of Columbia, he at once proceeded to name the different
genera and species which it contained, and to point out their respective localities, with such ease and
precision, that one would almost have supposed Botany to have been his only study, and the Orchidaccce
his favourite tribe
this will appear not a little remarkable, when we remember that there is scarcely a
illustration.

science with

which he

is

not even more familiar than with Botany.

Nothing can be easier to cultivate than the different species of Catasetum

under damp or dry, under hot or cold treatment; perhaps, however, they
subjected during the

summer

they flower profusely alike

attain their highest vigour if

to a powerful moist heat, with a plentiful supply of water

but in the winter

they should be kept tolerably dry.

The Vignette

a full-length portrait of Blatta yir/antea, taken from a specimen in the extensive

cabinet of natural history belonging to Miss Charlotte Wilbraham, of Rode Hall.
He (the Blatta,
is

Cockroach) arrived

country in a box of Orchidacea^, upon which, judging from the condition

of the plants, he must have made many a hearty meal
indeed, the Catasetum now described was almost
Anglicii

in this

the only plant which survived the effects of his voracious appetite.

"

HOSSTRUM IIORREXDUM."

Virijil.

'

^
^

f
^
-- -<

r-

r-

n.

'

f.'

DTCIDjTM

/:/'

rA:T:Er?'Di^si[iArTr2i

y-

*
_.

h J?

MM

'

;
/

'S

w-

Tab.

III.

ONCIDIUM- CAVENDISHIANUM
THE DUKE OF DEVONSHIRE S ONCIDIU31.
Tribus: VA^N'DExE. Li.xdley.

OxciDiUM

erectis carnosis lato-lanceolatis

foliis

sepalis obovatis obtusis,

niagno trilobo,
emarginata,

supremo

brcvioribus,

fornlcato, petalls suba;qualibus oblongis obtusis valdc undulatis

laciniis latcralibus rotundis petalis

tuberculis 2 ad basin

crista?

acutis scapo elato paniculato triplo

2 a

labello

sub-conformibus, intermedin majore reniforme profunda

fronte lamella; elevatSB rotundatai

sitis

columna brevi crass^

auriculo decurvo clavato versus apicem utrinque auctA.

Habitat

in

Guatemala.

Skinner.
5St0rrii)ttott,

PsEUDO-BULBS,

LEAVES

none.

keeled a foot or a foot and a half long

,

thick at

the base,

erect, fleshy,

RoOTS few,

hut tapering gradually,

hroadhj -lanceolate,

SCAPE

very thick.

and hearing at

extremity

its

SePALS and PETALS nearly equal,

chesnut.
LiP of a pure dazzling yellow,

almost a foot in length.

spotted with

and approach,

circular,

central

bright

lobe

very

is

in

form,

kidney -shaped,

large,

which,

the petals,

from

J,

in

1 is

HIS

naming

to render

it

it

family, to

is

obtuse,

very

a rather dense

3~lobed,

the lateral lobes

are nearly

they almost

COLUMN

and deeply emarginate.

colour,

conceal

and

short

curve downwards and incline

the

thick,

towards

a magnified representation of the Column and Crest.

a very handsome and distinct species of Oncidium

after a

which

and we have, therefore, no hesitation

nobleman, whose devotion to botany and horticulture

necessar}^ for us to enlarge

grand structure
in,

PaNICLE,

of a greenish yellow

upon

it

here.

In a few years

this plant belongs, seated in all their natural

now

is

we

far too well

is

completed,

all

known

hoj)e to see the beautiful

majesty on those trees of which they are

the proper " incumbents," and under the shelter of the great Plant-Stove at Chatsworth.

be seen

deeply

4 feet high, half an inch

their position,

provided, in lieu of wings, with two singular processes, which

each other, surmounted by a cowl-shaped AktHEH.

Fig.

sharp-pointed,

When

this

the most striking vegetable forms of India, Africa, and America, will

perhaps, more than their native luxuriance within

its

ample boundaries

and

tlius,

anndst

the wildest scenery of Derbyshire, there will be foiuid an example of tropical vegetation, richer and

more

varied than could be met with in any of those baleful latitudes themselves.

Oncidium Cavendishianum
part of the
in

which

it

first

collection that

Is

another of the important discoveries of

we had

ever the pleasure of receiving from him.

was packed, our attention was

which had the further peculiarity of being

and thus they contrasted,

in the

plant arrived in the same case.

but the erect habit of

its

at

On

it

formed

opening the box

once arrested by the prodigious strength of the flower stems,

destitute of flowers for

upwards of three-fourths of

most striking manner, with those of O. leucochllum (Tab.

their height;

I.),

of which a

O. Cavendishianum approaches, perhaps, nearer to O. luridum than

any other known species; but not only

size,

Mr. Skinner; and

are the floAvers of a very difierent form,

rigid leaves

would
*

at

to

and of nearly double the

once distinguish the species, even when not in bloom.

Oncidium supra. Tab.

I.

It will

prove a very easy species

example of O. luriJum

but

it

to cultivate,

will,

we

fear,

and a very

free flowerer, in

which

long continue a scarce plant, as

seems indisposed to make more than one shoot in a year, or than one shoot

Mr. Skinner

at

it

seems to follow the

grows very slowly, and

The species was
a time.

it

neighbourhood of the city of Guatemala, where it flowers

and in the same month of the present year, the specimen was produced which is represented

found by

in the

in

January

in our plate,

and which, we may here observe, is very much inferior in the number of its flowers to the wild specimens
which were attached to the plant on its arrival beautiful, therefore, as the species now is, it may be
expected to prove far more so, after it has become better established and more reconciled to its artificial
:

state.

The insect, which graces

Wordsworth says.

the foot of our page,

is

of lean and hungry aspect, and, most assuredly, as

" Strange contrast doth afford"

one which we had the honour of presenting to our readers after the letter-press of Tab. II. There
we had a j^ortly, well-conditioned insect, happy, to all appearance, in the resources of his well-stored
stomach; Aere we have an ascetic half-starved wretch, who might not have eaten an Orchis for a month
to the

The

some beings of a higher order,

our hero has literally two faces. Look at him as he lies before you, and you pity his cadaverous
countenance and admire his self-denial; turn him over, and you have the very " et^wAoi'" of plumpness
and sensuality on one side all is *' roses," while all is " thorns" on the other reverse him once more,
and he who but a moment since " looked every inch an alderman/' is now the picture of an insect
anchorite.
This seeming contradiction is thus explained the head is protected by a membranous shield,
on which, as on a mask, a set of features are very distinctly traced; and these, on the first view, might
yet they are positively one and the same creature.

fact

is,

that, like

almost be mistaken for the real physiognomy

this they, of course, are not

of their owner during his voyage, they afford a

much

surer guide to his

gathered from the examination of his countenance properly so called.

TlUi

TABLES T1:RXED!
Mutato nomine de

Fabiila iiarratur

te

'J

HOliACE,

judging from the behaviour

real disposition than would be

yet,

Miss .DraAc' di/

(DFCIBMJM (DMKITM^iri
Ihib'^ifJ. Ihd^-ay.

f6S,

Ih:ccadd(yJufyJ.

mz.

Taj!. IV.

ONCIDIUM- ORNITHORHYNCHUM

BEAKED ONCIDIUM.
Tribus

VANDE^^.

Lixdley.

Oncidil'JI {oY\h lanceolatis bulbo oblongo compresso 2-3 phyllo 4-plo longioribus, scapis pcndulis
paniculatis

7-dactyla

sepalis petallsque subECqualibus spathulatis

columnse coronatee longc rostratge

alis

labcllo subpanduriformi apice emarginato, crista

duabus cuncatis

crectis rostro recto

:^IIumhoIdt

et

Kuntlt. quihusdam mutatis.

Oncidium oniithorhyuchuin, Hu^iijolot

Habitat

An
to

7iear

Pluntarum

I.

345.

SO.

t.

or

occasionallt/

ovate,

striated,

hearing 2 or 3 lanceolate^ acute, shining, slightly coriaceous narrow

a foot in

SCAPES

length.

Sepals and Petals

S'lobed,

et species

Mccboacan, Humboldt; Oaxaca, Loddiges; Guatemala, Skinner.

EpiPiTYTEy PsEUDO^BVLDS oblong

incites long,

a foot

Kuntii, Nova Genera

et

long

is

the centre the 7nargin

is

many -flowered,

and narrow,
as

reflexed,

that of the

lateral lobes,

to

or

longer than the leaves.

LiP

but spread out towards the apex, tohich

is

LEAVES, of from half

nearly equal, of a beautiful rosy-lilac colour,

spatkulate,

the central lobe

branched^

pendulous,

compressed,

jiddle-shaped,

is

emarginate

such an extent that they

appear extremely narrow, and they Ukeicise clasp the sepals which are placed immediatehj in their
rear ; in colour, the lip resembles the sepals, but is rather of a deeper hue, and its crest is of a deep
orange.
The crest is composed ofl tubercles, of ichich the one that occupnes the centre is the tallest,
and has 3 points. CoLUiUN, composed of a curious 2-lobed fleshy body, of which the head is turned
backwards

near

its

the curious straight

apex start

beak,

which

two

the
is

which

wings,

formed by

the

are

Anther

toothed,

on the upper

of the column on the under ; the Gland of the PoLLEN-MASSES, and

which connects them with it, are stretched across this Leak.

1 HIvS

singubirly beautiful species of

Oncidium appears

and

betiveen

side,

the

them projects

and by a projection

CaudiCULA

or

Stuap

to inhabit an extensive range of country

was found originally by

Humboldt, during his memorable visit to Mexico, near the town of Valladolid, in the province of Mccboacan but although figured upwards of twenty years ago in the " Nova Genera, &c." of himself and M.
KuNTH, it had never been seen in Europe in a living state nntil the summer of 1830, when it was received
almost simultaneously by the Messrs. Loddiges, from Oaxaca, and by ourselves from Guatemala. We need

more

so,

indeed, than

is

usually allotted to the epiphitical species of

its tribe.

It

scarcely state, that, in the latter case,

Mr. Skinner was

the sender.

and our figure was derived from a specimen, produced in December last, in their rich collection. Shortly afterwards, our own plants came into blow; but
with the exception of having rather stiffer and shorter flower-spikes, they did not differ perceptibly from
Messrs. Loddiges' plants were the

their brethren of

its

antlier of this species are sufficiently like the

it

by

its illustrious

whole figure of the flower approaches,

speed; or

flower

Oaxaca.

The column and

specific name given to
its

first to

long rosy labellum

in

may

discoverer

neck and beak of a

bird, to justify the

but, in addition to these points of resemblance, the

our opinion, very closely to that of a bird when flying at the top of
be likened to the flowing train of a fairy passing nimbly througli

''^

Oncidiiim supra, Tab. T

the

air.

we must drau

But, leaving to the fanciful these fancied resemblances,

the attention of our

sober readers to three peculiarities which will at once distinguish O. ornithorhynchum from

all

more

the other

species of

its

extensive genus.

which is wholly without precedent amongst Oncldiums its pendent

flower-stems next attract our notice, which are admirably fitted for showing off its elegant blossoms to
advantage; and lastly, it diffuses a most delightful perfume, which is not unlike that of fresh hay. These, its
peculiarities, arc also its charms; and when to them wc add that it is a free flowerer, and easily managed, we
shall, wc think, have said enough to make every collector of Orchidaceee wish to have O. ornithorhynchum

The

first

in his stove.

of these

is its

In a wild

colour,

state, it floAvers in

February; but, in

this country, it will

probably,

when

fully

Being found at a considerable elevation, a great heat is

although, such is its accommodating disposition, that It seems perfectly at
not required for its cultivation
home in the hottest part of Messrs. Loddiges' Orchidaceous House. It seems to be partial to potsherds,
In
into which, if mixed with small pieces of turfy peat, it will soon thrust its long wiry roots.
established, flower in the latter part of

summer.

Humboldt's work, the

doubtless, owing to the

flowers of these species are represented

as of a

figure having been taken from dried specimens.

probable, as in the letter-press

by which

his plate

is

yellow colour; but this

This

is

is,

rendered the more

accompanied, no mention whatever

is

made of

the

colour of the flowers.

George Ackermann,

whose liberality in placing at

our disposal the whole of his beautiful collection of unpublished Mexican sketches, we have already,
Mr. Ackermann's sketch was taken in the Village
in another place, expressed our acknowledgments.
of Temascaltcpcque, thirty leagues from the capital of Mexico, where, In a neighbourhood celebrated

For the Vignette, we have

for the richness

of

its

to

thank Mr.

vegetation,

below, in which, however, mass

^\

is

is

to

still

for

be seen the ruinous old ecclesiastical building, represented

occasionally performed.

''^\ V'^^vj

iC

amatque
.

Janua

QuEe priu5 multum

Cardines

limeiij

facllis

movcbat
"

Horace.

CTCIT0CJESJ

TT. ^" ! MI C

A7j "^h'J.Pivljivi^ & Sat! 169,RaajUl,-:Jufy 1 18S7.

DM

y.

^^iaa

hi'Ji. t'

yp^ih (hv-nii ,JJ

-f

/vr/

Z'.^^'

Tab. V.

CYCNOCHES* VENTRIC0SU3I
VENTRICOSE LIPPED CYCNOCHES.
Tribus:

VANDE^. Lindley.

CYCNOCHES.Zmc/%,

Perianthium

explanatum. Sepala

Gen.

Sp. Orch, 154

et

paululum sub
decurva. Labellum

lateralia lanceolata, basi

supremo angustiore. Petala latiora, falcata,

liberum, ecalcaratum, columna continuum, lanceolatum aut ventricosum, integerrimum, ungue abrupto calloso.
Columna elongata, arcuata, teres, apice
clavata, auriculis duabus falcatis ad latera clinandrii.
Anthera bilocularis.
labello connate

Pollinia 2, postice sulcata,

subpedicellata, caudicula lineari, glandula grossa.

epiphyte, caulibus incrassatis vestigiis foliorum cinctis. Folia plicata

Herbae

lanceolata,

basi vaginantia.

supcriorum

orti.

Cycnociies sepalis
basi calloso, ungue brevi
Habitat

in

Racemi

multiflori, penduli,

ex

axillis

foliorum

Flores maximi, odorati.

petalis

que lanccolatis acuminatls

reflexis, labello integro ventricoso

acuminato,

columna arcuata sepalo supremo duplo breviore.

Skinner.

Guatemala.

^mxiptim.

An

Epiphyte.

lanceolate,

acute,

Stents

fleshy,

Leaves, of which

plicated

season, these leaves fall off, the stem

longitudinal

From

lilies,

the axils

of the upper

floioers,

about a foot high,

uppermost are the

the

Racemes,

at the points

is

from

or

six

then deeply

marked by

ichence the leaves fell.

sometimes two or more at the same time,

each of these hears about five

The raceme

is

bearing five

After the floivering

longest.

becomes shorter and more swollen, and

leaves proceed the

hut more usually in succession

compressed,

by horizontal contractions,

as well as

lasting about three days.

slightly

FlowerS, which

at first horizontal, but

open simultaneously,

afterwards weighed down by the

is

SepalS

which, consequently, are always seen in an inverted position.

lanceolate,

acuminate,

upper one being rather narroiver, and the lateral ones slightly unguiculate.
PETALS broader
than the sepals, curved downwards, of a light green colour, as are also the sepals.
LiP somewhat
the

heart-shaped, very

much

swollen on the upper side, hollow underneath, of the purest white, communicating with the column hy a short Claw, which, at its junction with the base of the lip, presents a

Column

round and club-shaped, only half the length of the upper sepal, and
at its extremity, bearing two small falcate horns, lohieh guard the Antber.
CapSULE very large,
oblong, bearing innumerable minute SeedS.
black

callosity.

-A.MONG

the Orchidaceous genera, Cycnoches will ever be conspicuous, as yielding one of the

most notable examples of the strange propensity of

The Genus was founded by Professor Lixdley, upon

its

tribe to

mimic

tlie

forms of animated nature.

a remarkable plant from Surinam(the C.Loddigesii),

the sepals and petals of which bore as close a resemblance to the expanded wings of a swan, as did the

column

to the

long arching neck of the same graceful bird

and these

peculiarities are well expressed in

name Cycnoches {Anglic^, *' swan-neck"). For upwards of four years, the genus had consisted of only
a solitary species, when a second made its appearance in the person of our present subject, which was
the

* So called from kvkvoc, a s-wan, and uij(j)y, a neck,

in.

allusion to the

column of

this plant,

which

is

curved like the neck of a swan.

Lindley.

discovcrcdlntheneighbourlioodoflstapa, by our Indefatigable friend Mr. Skinner, who has thus gained
the distinction of making an important addition to one of the most extraordinary genera of this sino-ular
tribe.

We

will

now proceed

the closest resemblance to

to contrast the

two

rival

feathered prototj^pe

swans.

C. Loddigesii, perhaps, bears, on the whole,

column (ansAvering

neck of the bird) is

long and pleasingly curved, whereas that of C. ventricosum is lamentably short the sepals and petals too
(wings) of the former are thrown wide open, which looks better than to have them thrown entirely back, as
its

for the

to the

the case with the latter

body, however, C, ventricosum has decidedly the advantage, for nothing

could approach nearer to the swelling bosom of a SAvan, than its pure milk-white lip
the same part in
C. Loddigesii being of a dingy colour, and much more like the male Meloe beetle than the breast of the
most g- dceful of birds. If it were but possible to unite the sepals and petals and column of the one with
is

in the

the lip of the other,

we should

then have a vegetable swan, as perfect in

and
bees with which the Orchises of English meadows present us.*
Both species difl'use a powerful odour
that of the C. Loddigesii is agreeable, and resembles honey
that of C. ventricosum, on the contrary, is
somewhat acrid, especially when the flowers have begun to wane. Leaves are produced in greater abundance
m the Surinam species than in the one from Guatemala. The capsule represented in the drawing adhered
to the plant on its arrival in this country, and a most interesting relic it is, the huge size of the seedall its

parts as are the

flies

vessel being scarcely less remarkable tlian the extreme minuteness of the seeds, with an innumerable

quantity of Avhich

it

was

at

one time

filled.

This plant requires precisely the same treatment as Catasetum.

(vide Tab. II.)

We

are indebted to

Miss Jane Ed^vards for the very beautiful draAving from Avhlch our plate is copied.
Fearing that the flowers of our new Cycnoches might prove too fleeting to admit of their being sent to a
professional artist in London, we Avere extremcl}- perplexed as to Avhat course to pursue, when this young
lady Avas so kind as to relieve us from our embarrassment, by tendering the assistance of her admirable
pencil, Avhich she used on this occasion Avith even more than her wonted skill.

To

catch the resemblance of the two' species of Cycnoches to swans,

to their natural position,

which they have

lost

it is

necessary to reverse their flowers

this,

by the circumstance of the raceme growing doionwards instead of ujmurds.

however, merely restores them

JC'

l^^J^^^rs

dd}

''

ICTIDHIEWSE.

/V^i^(^

l/Y P. i7fLux:i^.

Jf

(y^rjj^i^L'

liihy

Tab. VI.

CYR

CH

;U M

B CT N I E N SE

THE BICTON CYKTOCHILUM.

Tribus:

VANDE^. Li>dley.

CYRTOCUlhVM.^Humb.

Peuianthiim

et

et Sji. Orvli. 210.

Sepala libera, lateralia unguiciilata.

explanatum.

Labelluni ecalcaratum, indivisum, ungiie tubcrculafo

paiilo minora.

Columna

cobmina? continuo.

Anthera

ssepius alata.

caudicula filiformi, glandula minuta.-

llcrbae

bilocularis.

Petala

cum

basi

Pollinia 2,

Scapi

epiphytal, pseudo-bulbosse.

Flores speciosi.

radicale.s.

Cyutociitlum Bictoniense
scapo

Kvnth.Lindl Gen.

tereti exaltato

pseudo-bulbis oblongis compressis 2-3 phyllib,

foliis

liueari-ensifoniubus

duplo brevioribus, racemo secundo terminali multitloro, sepalis petalisque uiinoribus

ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis; labelli lamina cordiformi basi

llahitat in Guatemala.

nuda uno-ue lamellata; columna

alata.

Skinner.
33esicciption

PSEUDO-Bi LBS oMo/t(/, sJightli/ compressed, 2 to A inches long ; Leaves sometvhat coriaceoiis,
narrow -Ugtdate, from a foot to a foot and a half in length, placed some at the base, and others at
the apex of the pseudo-hidhs. Scape from 2 to ^ feet high, having, at considerable intervah, short
loose pointed Bracts, and terminated by a many-flowered sectind Raceme. Sepals and Petals
and

the latter narrower

oval' lanceolate,

irregidarly blotched with reddish chestnut.

both are of a lively green,

rose-colovr, heart-shaped, destitute of

former

shorter than the

Lip ofapvrpUsh

two upright plates {which cohere in the centre) on the claw

by which it is articulated with the column. Column only half the length of the lip, furnished with
two rounded slightly decurved Wings.
teeth or tubercles at

OUll

its

base, hut bearing

figure of this elegant

new

species of Cyrtochilam,

is

nicated to us from Bicton, near Exeter, the well-known seat of Lord

given to

will not

it

merely serve to commemorate the circumstance of

designed as an acknowledgment of the

many

obligations

commuThe name which we have

derived from specimens obligingly

Rolle.

its

having flowered there, but

which Botany owes

is

also

noble proprietor and his

to the

accomplished Lady.
a noble CUjrtochilnm f has yet to he introduced from Mexico, in vvliich country the head-quarters of tlie
genus would seem to he fixed. Three species, erroneously referred to Odontoglossum, have been described by La
Llave and Lexarza, from the neighbourhood of Valiadolid alone; and several others, gathered in Oaxaca by Baron

Many

Karwinski, occur among the Orchidacege of the Royal Munich Herbarium,

So

called

from

f Only two

kv^tos,

otiier

species of

honour of flowering them both

to be a native of

of

Its

existing

Mexico

among M.

Ic

convex, and

x^'^^'>s>

a ''P

i" allusion to the

Cyrtochilum have as yet blossomed

for the first time.

One of

Baron B. Delessert's splendid

confined to the latter country.

tiiat

opportunity of examining wliich

we

form of the labellum of some of the species.

in

English collections

these (C. mystacimim, Lind.

but as we have no evidence, beyond

for the

of report, to

scries of drawings) that

MSS.)

is

establisli the fact,

it

occurs

and Mr.

II.

Harrison, of Liverpool, has had the

Peru, the other {C. flavescens) is said

we know positively (from the circumstance

a native of

and

in Brazil,

as

we have

little

doubt

that its habitat

is

exclusively

have to thank the liberality and kindness of our excellent friend, that distinj^uished traveller and botanistJ^'o^ .AIautius.
Short teeth of various sizes are found on the kbelluiu of most of the Mexican Cyrtochiluuis; and in this, as in many
other respectsj Cyrtoclulum approaches Odontoglossum so closely, as to be most easily confounded with

we were disposed
us that

it

to consider the subject of this article to

belonged to the former, and,

the two genera, viz.

the

labelluni in

at the

be a species of the

latter

same time, pointed out the following

Cyrtochilum

is

distinct from^ while in

indeed,

it;

genus, until Dr. Lindlev convinced

as the principal distinction

Odontoglossum

it

is

between

partially united

ti),

the base of the column.

Autuum

is

the flowering season of C. Bicfoniense

Rolle's gardener, Mr. Glenoinxing, who

We have now (Nov.

Orchidaceje.

and

is

known

are neither so large nor so beautiful

By

it

have

to

has already blossomed twice under the care of

i)ut

this

Both

in habit

it

Lord

few rivals in his management of the Tropical

1837) in blow a variety of this plant, with a pure white

petals, faintly blotched with a darter colour;

detected by Mr. Skinxer.

and

lip,

and pale green sepals

exactly resembles the Bicton specimens, but

varieties are natives of the

warmer

parts of Guatemala,

gentleman they were placed, with other treasures of a

where

its

flowers

tliey

like description,

were

in

the

hands of Captain Sutton, R. N., and to the care which he bestowed upon them during their passage to this country,
must be ascribed the beautiful condition in which they reached its shores, in June, 1835. Agreeably to the wishes
of their generous discoverer. Captain Sutton distributed in various quarters the vegetable spoils which he had so
successfully brought

indebted to him for

home, and the collections of Lord Rolle, Sir Charles Lemon, and the Author, are severally
many of the greatest rarities they contain. Although the important services rendered to science

by the gallant Captain are now well-known and appreciated by the public, we cannot omit the present opj)()rtunity of
expressing our otvn gratitude to him, for the favours which we have, on so many occasions, received at his hands,
favours which are not

felt

the less warndy, because

bestowed upon a perfect stranger.

The Vignette

will, it is

hoped, serve to convey some idea of the tangled luxuriance and dismal grandeur of the

forest scenery of Tropical America.

What an endless profusion of climbers

and redundant vegetation
id genus omne! f And, then, what a strange variety ol' animated beings

What

and twiners, epiphytes and parasites, et

Here we have a serpent coiled round one

rich

monkey scrambling up another; in a still more elevated

position, parroquets and the pendent purse-like nests of the orioles, or corn-birds, may be discerned ; care must also
The happy pair in the
be taken, lower down in the picture, not to overlook the cayman's "awful head."
foreground, although quite unacquainted with " these troublesome disguises which we wear," betray, we fear, in other
tree,

there a

respects, a less primitive taste, as they evidently are not confining themselves to a vegetable diet.

on the trunk of the prostrate tree must be a

tine tiling,

M\n MAY BR DEFISRD 10

and we are only sorry

[iF,

A i'00k-l.\G A^iMAL.' ''BoiWelL

That Epideudr?im

to see the lady turn her

back upon

it.

M7 WuJi6rs

'.7d
d^A

J~ Gau^i^. fj^.

TAWMOFEA TIGMI.WA
d.

Fil6.

'

Ijy

J Rui^^ay

F'lrU&d.

*t

^jy

&

Sgtl^ loS^ /ir^vv^^;

(?au<:i, 9,

:i^rA^ /^'^ 1838

North, Crg^cm^ S^d/brd^

Sf

rs

r>

Tab. VII.

STANHOPEA* TIGRINA
TIGER-LIKE STANHOPEA.
Tribus

STANHOPEA.

Hooker

VANDE^. LiNDLEY.

in Bot.

Mag.

Perianthium membranaceum,

2948-9.

Lindl Gen.

et Spe.

Orch. p. 157.

patentissimum vel reflexum.

Sepala libera,

Petala conformia, angustiora. Labellum liberum, anticum, ecalcaratum, carnosiim, utrinque cornutum ; dimidio superiore (epichilio) convexo,

subundulata.

inferiore (hypochilio) excavate.

sime mutica.

Columna

Anthera 2-locularis.

glandula biloba stipitata breviore.

apice folium
penduli.

longissima, petaloidea-marginata, raris-

Pollinia 2, elongata, fissa, caudicula

Herba? Americana^

unicum plicatum gerentes.

quam

epiphytal pseudo-bulbosse,

Scapi radicales, vaginati, pauciflori,

Flores maximi, speciosissimi, odorati, magis minusve maeulati.

Staniiopea tigrina;

foliis

lato-lanceolatis sub-undulatis scapis 2-4-floris longioFibus

angustioribus, ovato-lanceolatis acutis

utrinque cornuto, cornubus

falcatis

labello

medio

sepalis petalisque

constricto, hypochilio inflate, subrotundo, in fronte

compressis incur vis acutis epichilio obovato intense tripartite longioribus

columna meinbranaceo-marginata.
Habitat

in

Mexico, prope urbem Xalapam.

Henchman.

i3e^cription*

Pseudo-bulbs

an ineh and a half long,

each terminated by a solitary broadly -lanceolate, shining, coriaceous, acnte Leaf, somewhat waved
in the margin, and afoot in length by four inches in width, united to the pseudo- bulb by a Petiole
which is only one-third the length of the leaf, and channelled thronghont. Scape short, pendulo^ts,
entirely clothed with thin, sheathing, convolute Scales, 2-4: flowered. Peduncles longer than the
scape. Flowers very large and handsome, measuring upwards of seven inches (whenfidly expanded)
from the tip of the upper sepal to the point of the lip. Sepals ovate -lanceolate, four inches long,
straw-coloured, marhed with irreg^dar longitudinal blotches, of the colour of port wine stains, which
approach, or run into, each other at the origin of the sepals.
Petals narrower than the sepals,
very 7nuch undulated, and marhed at their base with transverse bands, of a darker colour than those
of the sepals. Lip very large and fleshy, polished, spotted, three inches long, much inflated, slightly
convex on its under side f where there is a low transverse ridge), with its margins turned slightly
inwards on the upper side, and widely .separated from each other : the interior of the lip is richly
marhed with various colours, and is covered in front with many rows of tubercles, which terminate
in two rough callosities at the base of a j)air of compressed falcate, sharp-pointed Horns, which
bend inwards, and reach beyond the smooth, obovate, tripartite body which is appended to the
Column the length of the lip, arched, with a membranous, dilated
lower division of the Up
margin, sprinkled over with a variety of minute vinous spots.jovate, deeply fmroiced, someithat quadranyidar,

* So called by Sir William Hooker, in compliment to the present Earl Stanhope, the distinguished President of the Medico-Botanical Society.
"i

The

separate view of the lip was unavoidably taken after the specimen had shrivelled, and, therefore, represents that organ (and

portion in particular)

much below

the natural size.

its

lower

bPLENDID

as are all the species of Stanhopea, this

is,

unquestionably, the finest of ihem

flowers are powerfully fragrant, and larger than any that have been hitherto
plants

they are also funiished with a huge fleshy

lip,

Its

all.

met with among Orcliidaceous

of so strange and fantastic a figure, that

it

would

rather seem to have been carved out of ivory, or modelled in wax, than to be a honff-fide production of the

vegetable world.

Its colouring, too, is so rich

utmost to convey an adequate notion of

Our gardens

are indebted for

Nursery), N\ho discovered

it

in the

its

satisfied

possession to the exertions of Air.

and certainly, even

oi'

the highest interest

and Comparcttia falcata, may be especially noted

figure of

in the invaluable Avork

figr'ma was found

specimen which

aged

iie

Ijy

observed

Henchman

which

is

indeed

small addition to

Mr. Henchman

which

also

found

(at the distance

merits.

hesitation in

We

would

pronouncing
not,

discovered the rare perfections of our plant, than

or ten inches

iiigli,

its

he might

already

is

in

known by

Peru (and

is

torfili,s\

the excellent

figured accordingly

by M. M. Pceppig and

above the level of the sea, and the only

of about

from the ground)

five feet

at the time of its discovery (July) its

transhition.

Like

all

it

the

most

in the cleft of

blossoms were already on the wane.

it

in

a suitable position

in this situation,

easily cultivated of

all

it

an

We

among

(lowered freely

the Stanhopeas

no

however, be understood to recommend our readers to adopt

generally the system of treatment which lia])pened to succeed

vigorousiy thnn before

fruits,

had, however, the good fortune

in course of publication

at a considerable elevation

was growing

in flower,

we have no

its otliei-

Clapton

(of the

and beauty, among which Trlchojnlia

group of old oak stumps which occupy the centre of our Orchidaceous House, and^

May, 1837

to the

visited that to^\n in the course of his

received a plant of the species in the latter part of 1835, and immediately placed

in

was taxed

bright rose-coloured flowers not less graceful in form than singular in structure.

deep and dismal glen, and

tree in a

latter,

Henchman

they had yielded no other

the former of

on the plants of that country, now

Endliciier), has a spike of

^S*.

and the

in the Botanical Register,

it

if

Mr.

with the result of his labours.

some other Orchidacea*

to introduce

AA^ixii i:iis's skill

it.

neighbourhood of Xalapa, when he

botanical mission to Mexico, in 1835

almost have been

and varied, that even Mrs.

we gave

in the present instance;

it

and, to say truth,

the security of a pot, in which

the other Stanliopeas,

it

it

we no sooner

now grows

far

more

must be placed on ihe apex of a cone, eight

formed of small pieces of turfy peat neatly put together.

The Vignette represents Stanhopea tigrma as it appeared at the time of its flowering in the Epiphyte House
Knypersley, and is taken from a sketch made on the spot by a very promising young artist of the name of Wood.

'*

Nomen

'

Quod

orit t'tgris^

fvcmit

\\\

pardus, leo^

terris violentior

si

quid adhuc

est,
/'

Juvenal.

at

Fl-S

x:^y/i^hfrs. d^L

^f.

Cray'rt,

Uch1

PE RISTE

/i-^.^''

by

1'

M,][

RuLnvay ^

Frmf^^.y P

Cfiu^i,

A.

Sor^^

Ih'9.

h^^c^xciiUj

'NrjTiJv a-i^-c&U

11 ac "JE M,

jL.

'-L-zr.-^

/JaUcrd So

^''^

/!' WS.

Tab. VTII.

PERISTERIA BARKERI:
BARKERS PERISTERTA,

MR.

VANDE^. Lindley.

Tribus:

PERISTERIA. //ooA^r in

Pkrianthium

Bot. Mag. 3116.

globosum,

concava, basi labello connata.

Lindl. Gen. et Sp, Orch, IGO.

Bot. Reg, 1953.

Sepala basi sub-connata,

ssope semi-clausum.

Petala eonformia, panlo minora.

Labellnm erectum,

medio articulatum dimidio superiore obovato, truncato, medio pulvinato, inferiore

bilobo columna continuo.
Cohimna erecta semiteres, basi dilatata.
Anthera
ecristata, bilocularis.
Pollinia 2, postice fissa, glandubi sessili nuda rostellum
involvente.
Herba.^ Americanse, subterrestres, pseudo-bulbosa?, inter maximas
;

Folia plura, plicata.

ordinis.

Scapi vaginati, radicales, multiflori, sa^pius penduli.

Flores speciosi,
Barkeri

Peristeria
foliis

suba-qualibus

trilobi lobis

pseudo-bulbis ovatis, profundi sulcatis, 3-4 pbyllis, scapis pcndulis multifloris

floribus carnosis fere clausis

sepalis petabsque

subicquabbus concavis obtusis, labeUi

laterabbus integris erectis, intcrmcdio angustiore basi calloso

Habitat

in

Mexico, prope Xalapam.

columna aptcra

leviter pubescente.

Ross.

Be0cription>

Pseudo-bulbs
very

nmch

very large, ovate, deeply furrowed, hearing from two to fowr laneeolate, acnfe,
plicated, dightly coriaceous. Leaves, which are from afoot and a half to two feet or

more in length. From the base of the jysendo-bulbs issue one or more sfont Scapes, which are
pendakms, from one to two feet long, nearly covered with the memhranaceons scales for about
one-fonrth of their length, and then changing into a many-Jioivercd Raceme, on which the flowers
are loosely scattered.

Flowers

sub -globose, fleshy, rather shorter than their

and

ETALS nearly equal, concafc,

expanded as almost to conceal the Up,

Peduncles, Sepals

of an uniform yellowish- orange colour, so slightly

Lip deeply three-lobed, articulated with the elongated base
of the cohnnn, of a rich orange colour on its inner side, spotted with red; its two lateral lobes are
of a broadly ovate form, with their margin entire, and are separated at their base by an almost
square callosity ; the intermediate lobe is longer and narrower than the lateral ones, obscurely iwolobed, convex on its outer face, but w'ith its margins turned inward, so as to give it a somewhat
cucidlate appearance.
Column about the length of the upper sepal, slightly hairy, destitute of
obtuse,

Wings.

llIIS

was discovered

one of those dark ravines, with which the neighbourhood of

Xalapa abounds, by a Mr. Joiix Ross, Avho has lately been ransacking the Mexican Flora, in the service
of Mr. G. Barker of Birmingham, to whose noble collection of Orchidacea^ he has succeeded in adding
fine Peristeria

many new and

* So

called

a close resemblance.

valuable species

from Trepiartpa

*^

among

in

which that now represented

is

a dove^'^ to which bird the column of the original species, with

not the least striking.

its

erect wings

It

was

and beak-like anther, bears

received by Mr.

Barker

summer

it

and

as

whom Botany

in the earl\" part of 1S37,

and tioMcred with him

proved to be iindescribed, we at once gave

it

name

tlie

in the course of the following

of

fortunate possessor, th;ni

its

has not a more zealous or liberal friend.

r

Four species of this

stately

genus have now found their way into European collections,* of which number

two (P. pendula and P.cerlnd) are natives of British (Juiana, another (P.elata) inhabits the Isthmus of
Panama, and so conies within the scope of our work, while the fourth (P. Barhen) was found, as we have
already stated, in the neighbourhood of Xalapa in New Spain.
P. cerina is, perhaps, the most nearly allied
to the subject of this article,
entire,

and

also in

its

but

differs

from

it

in

having the middle lobe of

its

labellum fringed instead of

short densely flowered racemes, A\hich are not one-fourth so long as those of Per'isfcrta

BarLeri, on which also the flowers are very loosely scattered.

All the species of Peristeria are of easy cultivation

and flower

To grow

freely.

them, however, to perfection,

a powerful heat, plenty of water, and abundance of pot-room are indispensable

circumstance be especially attended

shoots will every year

to, the

it

will not

posing the plants to have entirely

filled

is

w^itnessing their gradual decline

with their roots the largest pots which can be procured,

when once estal^lished

a great number of years.

in a pot of

Peristeria elata, on which Sir

Orchidaceous plant yet

stitious

atmosphere of

its

is

where

it

The

art

in the Botanical

it

known

in point of habit, the

most striking

it

its

leaves

and

bears to a dove, which, in the super-

and likewise

in our Vignette, to

^lagazine

to

copy a flower of the original species

which we would beg

justice to the

to refer

our readers, as the

charms of the plant or

bird,

be.

As an encouragement

plants was

remain unmolested

the appellation of " el Splrito Satito,"

wood-cut underneath, being necessarily uncoloured, scarcely does

may

be

however of producing doves, not having been inherited by

any other member of the family, we have ventured,

as the case

is,

celebrated for the strong resemblance

of course no small share of veneration.

it

the genus,

to

stands without a rival in the huge size of

native wilds, has procured for

from the admirable figure of

will

a cruel alternative certainlv, but preferable to

moderate dimensions, may be permitted

W. Hookkr founded

in our collections,

flower, also,

it

Sup-

and, happily, such sacrifices are not often required, as most of the plants of

this order,

its

lacing of a sub-terrestrial

usual and advisable for the majority of the true epiphytes.

necessary to replant, after having previously divided them

pseudo-bulbs:

until at last they

be necessary to mix so large a proportion of broken potsherds with the lumps of fibrous

peat in which they are to be planted, as

for

indeed, unless the latter

grow weaker and weaker

have become so feeble as to be quite incapable of throwing up a flower-scapo.

nature,

to

to science at the

those wlio go out in search of Tropical Orchiclacea;,

moment o^

its

introduction.

it

may be

well to mention that not one of these extraordinary

.K:-' Vkh^r.^,

da.

JL

M
Tt,

'L
id

V 'u^.

A A U T IT M

hyj. Rid^wa^

So^uv, J6.9, FuxxLcdl^y,

Pn^U/edf by J'

G^f^u/iC.

^"

A 1. 1

March-, 1, 1836.

j'^

(riUL^y

h^-

Tab. IX.

autijmnale

LtElia;

AUTUMN-FLOWERING
Tribus

EPIDENDRE^E. LiNDLEY.

LiELIA.

Periantiiium
paulo difformia.
Pollinia

Gen.

et

Spe. Orch. p. 115.

Sepala lancoolata, sequalia.

Petala majora
Labellum (posticum) S-partitum, lamellatum, circa columnam
aptera, carnosa, antice canaliculata.

caudiculis

8,

Liiidl.

explanatum.

Columna

convolutum.

LJELIA,

pseudo-bulbophoro.

Anthera 8-locularis.
Hcrbae epiphytal, Americana^, rhizomate

elasticis.

Scapi terminales, simplices, pauci vel multiflori.

Flores

speeiosissimi, odorati.

L^LiA

mitumnale, pseuclo-bulbis ovatis elongatis 2-3

lanceolatis, scapo tereti multifloro G-plo lirevioribus

labelli trilobi lobis lateralibus rotundatis,
Bletia autumnale,

La Llave

Leelia autumnale,

Lind. Gen.

Habitat

in

et
et

Lexarza.

pliyllis

arcuatis,

foliis

carinatis,

oblongo-

sepalis, petalisque majoribus, ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis

intcrmedio deflexo obovato apiculato, margine sub-crispo.

Orchi. Ojnisc. Vd.

Sp. Orch. p. 115.

Mechoacan, La Llaye

& Lexarza.

In Oaxaca, Kakwinski.

In Mexico passim, Bates.

ejscription*

PsEUDO-BVLBS, clotlied at their base with glaucous aheatliing wemhrmiaceo^is scales, throtcing
out spariugJu long and somewhat fleshy roots, from two to four inches long, of an elongated ovate
form, bearing two or three coriaceous, heeled, arched, oblong -lanceolate acute Leaves, of six or
eight inches in length.
From the apex of the pseudo-bidb arises an upright, rounded Scape,
bearing, at intervals a few acute memhranaceous Bracts, an inch in length, and terminated with
from two to six, or even more, large, handsome, and fragrant Flowers, which, in wild sj^ecimens, are
quite resupinate, and are nearly so in cultivated ones.
Sepals, linear -lanceolate, acuminate,
about two inches long, of a faint rose, or rosy lilac colour ; Petals the same length and colour
as the sepals, but broader, and of an oval-lanceolate form.
Lip 3-lobcd, the lateral lobes rounded,
oblong, pressed against the column, nearly white; the middle lobe obovate, apictdate, an inch long, of
a deeper colour than the sepals and petals, especially at its margin. Column semi-terete, in a line
with, but somewhat shorter than, the Ovarium.

WE

bavc already alluded

(in

our " Introductory Remarks") to the great partiality of

of Mexico ibr Orchidaceous flowers

nature, but

more

partiality -svluch

particularly at the festivals

seasons, o-sving to their beauty

and

displayed on

is

and solemnities of the

all

Koman

tlie

occasions of a sentimental

Catholic Church.

durability, the blossoms of diis tribe are in great request,

in preference to all others in the decorations of altars, &c.

We

need

not,

inliabitants

therefore,

At such

and are used

wonder

at the

vernacular names -s^hich have been applied to certain of their numbers, such, for example, as that of the
" Flor de los Santos," by which the subject of the accompanying plate is known throughout the whole of

"

So

called

by Professor Lindley,

in

compliment

to a Vestal

of that name.

New

Spain.

It

was

first

described by

M. M. La Llave and Lexarza,

Orchidaceic of the Province of Mcchoacan, and their account of

in tlieir interesting

beauty appeared to be

its

work on

fully

the

borne out

Baron Karwinski.
until the yeiw 1836, when Mr. Bates
transmitted some fine plants of it to INIr. Tayleurf,, of Parkfield, near Liverpool, in whose choice
collection they flowered shortly after their importation, and again in the autumn of the following year,
when our drawing of the subject was prepared. Although the specimen figured had not reached the highest
by some specimens of the plant which were more recently gathered
The species had not, hoAVCver, found its Avay into English collections

degree of vigour which

may be
and

strikingly beautiful object,

Atlantic, than

it is

The genus "

already

expected from

it

satisfied us that

known

to

be on

its

after
is

it

it

in

Oaxaca by

the

has been longer in cultivation,

Avas

it

not likely to prove less attractive on

a most

still

this side

of the

own.

which our plant belongs, may be regarded as one of the most ornamental of its
tribe, since pleasing colour, graceful habit, long duration, and delicious perfume, in short, all the essentials
Of these, five or six are already known, of
of floral beauty, seem to be combined in its various species.
La^dia," to

which the one now represented, however charming

may

it

be,

is,

perhaps, the least interesting

surpassed by L. grandijlora (the Flor de Corpus of Mechoacan) in the magnitude of

L. anccps and some unpublished

species, in the brilliancy of

its

colours.

its

Being found

for

it is

far

and by

fliowers,

at a considerable

moderate temperature, and require to be high-potted, as by that means

the roots arc more likely to be retained in a healthy state, and are better able to withstand the extremes of
heat and moisture which, even in the most carefully conducted establishments, will sometimes occur, and
elevation, they all thrive best in a

which we have found excessively injurious

winter they should be very sparingly watered, and kept in

both in

this

countiy and

its

own,

and species of some oUier allied genera. In

L. mdumnale fioAvers
almost a dormant state.

to Lielias, Cattleyas,

at the season

which

its

name

implies.

Those who have ever received a case of Orchidacea? iroiu the Tropics, know full well that the opening of it is
attended with the most intense and feverisli excitement: and those who have not been so fortunate, will be glad
to gather some notion of such stirring scenes from the accompanying Vignette^ which, it is needless to say, is from
the inimitable pencil of

Cruikshank. If we read

aright

tlie

address on that box, the cargo belongs to one of the most

and we, therefore, only the more deeply deplore the calamity with which, it
The conduct of his people is, however, beyond all praise and we
is but too clear, his importation has been visited.
It is indeed a cruel thing to
earnestly pray that their gallant exertions may be crowned with triumphant success.
staunch and scientific collectors of his

clay,

to see the very case which ought to have been richly stored with
expect Epiphytes^ and receive only Cockroaches
lusty Orckidacem, prove, upon opening, to contain nothing more than
!

'

Liicifugls congcsta ciibilia hlnilis !

!"

Virgil.

mi

curramus
**

Dum

priBCipiteSj el

jacct in ripu, calcemus Ca^saris liosleni."

JUVFA'AL.

'

^/J^ JPror^'^

deZ.'

PI

-L^

A.\!

^..i.d
^v.

JR IT

J)

^y

I^7^u^

djy

^^ ^^ ^

j>^

A R O M AT I C
^^g /^y^^/J., ..^^^^^

y.-V^,
/^,?^.

J" aaa^n.^-9^ .NoTtA. Or&sc/^U,

Bf^l/hrd S.'pi<m>,

i^- Gnjj^i',

-li^y^

Tab. X.

EPIDENDRUM* AROMATICUM
AROMATIC EPIDENDRVM,
TruBus:

EPTDENDRUM. ZyJn^

Brown

EPIDENDRE^. Li>dley.
in Hort.

Pr.iiiANTHiUM explanatum.
aeqiialia

vel

Kew,

ed. 5. 5. 217.

Gen.

Lindley.

Sepala patentia, subaequalia.

angiistiora, rarius latiora,

patentia vel reflexa.

et Spe.

Orch. 96.

Petala sepalis

Labellum cum mar-

ginibus columnar omnino vel parte connatum, limbo intcgro vel diviso, disco siepius
calloso, costato vel tuberculato; nunc in calcar productum ovario accretum et
cunicuhim formans.
Columna elongata: clinandrio marginato, sajpe fimbriato.

Anthera carnosa 2-4 locularis.

Follinia 4, caudiculis totidem replicatis annexa.^
Herbic Americansc epiphjtae caule nunc apicc vel basi pseudo-bulboso, nunc
elongate apice folioso.
Folia carnosa.
Flores spieati, racemosi cor^^mbosi vel
paniculati, terniinales, ssepe speciosi.

Epidendklm aromatkum;

pseudo-bulbis magnis fere globosis, 1-2 phyllis

scapo paniculato duplo brevioribus, arcuatis, aciitiusculis

aequalibus ovali-lanceolatis unguiculatis
adpressis, intermedio

Habitat

in

sepalis

foliis rigidis

lineiiribus

oblongo-lanceolatis acutis petalis sub-

labelli trilobi fere liberi lobis lateralibiis ovatis

acuminatis columnie

majore venoso orbiculari.

Guatemala.

Skinnee.
Oe^cn'ptioiT.

Pseudo-bulbs

very large, nearly globular, two or three inches in diameter, of an extremely

hard texture, shining, emitting a nuwher of long, slender wiry Boots, and surmonnted by one, or

more frequently, two,

narrow, linear, somewhat acute, curved Leaves, nsnally about a

foot in length. Scape issuing from the apex of the pseitdo^htdbs, erect, one and a half or two feet
high, branched for nearly its whole length in the cultivated plant, [but in wild specimens branched
only at its extremity, where it bears a very dense compound head of flowers.'] Flowers about an
rigid,

inch across, shorter than their

Peduncles.

Sepals and Petals

nearly equal, acute, turned

bacJiwards, of a delicate pule greenish primrose colour; the former are of an oblong -lanceolate form,
the latter considerably nnguiculate, and oval-lanceolate, rather inclining to be spatulate. Lip
3-lobed [the lateral lobes orate and acuminate, pressed against the sides of the column, the central

one almost orbicidar,] of the same hue as the sepals and petals, but beautifully marked with
numerous minute centripetal veins, united with the base only of the short, someivhat arched,

Column.

JiiPIDENDRUM

aromaticum

one of the most sweet-smelling of the whole tribe of Orchidacea:, and

yet the scent which it difluscs is of such an agreeable nature that it never cloys, nor, while in its vicinity,
are the senses ever '' oppressed with perfume," as too frequently happens in the case of its highly odoriferous

From

eTTt

is

" upon," and cevcpov " a tree

"

it

being usual for

tlie

species of this genus to

grow upon

trees.

Some

brethren.

idea of

its

^'

puhsance" may be gathered from

the fact of

its

having completely over-

powered the fragrance of ^'cerides odoratinn^" Avlien placed by its side, although the latter had been
designated by Professor Lr.\j:)Lj:Y as "the SAvectest of all flowers." Perfumes are not easily described in
words, especially when they cannot be compared to something of the same kind previously known; and this
is emineutl) the case with our present Epidendrum, whose rich sugary odour has been said, by one, to
resemble that of the Sweet Scabious,
third has declared that

by another,

to

approach that of Pergularia odoratisslma,\\\\i\e a

and thus

good example of the near connexion

of the two senses.
The above attempts at description will, however, at best, convey but a very inadequate
notion of its sweetness, and we must, therefore, hope that our readers may, one day, have an opportunity of
judging of

Our

it

plant

observed

smells as .Vngelica tastes^

is

it

in

whence it was sent to us, in 1835, by Mr. Skinnek, but it does

as not more than two specimens have ever reached us
neither have
It is, in some respects, allied to E. odoratisshmim, from Avhich its

a native of Guatemala,
all

plentiful there,

any other

collection.

we

habit alone would at once distinguish it; indeed,

in the

this

affords a

for themselves.

not appear to be at

we

it

form and magiiifude of

are acquainted with no species that at

pseudo-bulbs,

its

unless

all

approaches

be an undescribed one from INIexico

it

{E. luridum Non.), which has been recently imported by Mr. l>ATtKER, and the Horticultural Society and
likewise by Messrs. Low and Co., of the Clapton Nursery
but this plant, independently of its very
diflerent flowers, has broader and shorter leaves, and never more tlian one on each pseudo-bulb.*
;

E.aro}naticu}}i flowers very freely in the early part of suiuincr, and continues
is,

however, by no means of a robust disposition, and

-size of tlie

usually

imported ones; but we expect

grown

from decay.

in

For

as its roots, which

tribe,

have not yet seen

it

form any pseudo-bulbs even onc-lialf the

it

be found to prefer a drier and cooler atmosplicre than Orchidace* are

now^ very apt to lose, would then enjoy a greater likelihood of being preserved

the necessity of attending to

remarks on the cultivation of the

" Sertuui

it is

will

it

we

perfection for several weeks;

in

tlie

welfare of the

we would beg

"

old roots," as also for

to refer our readers to

the

first

many

other important

number of Dr. Ljxdley's

Orchidaceum," a truly valuable and beautiful work, and one of which even the Orchidacese mav be proud.

In the interior of Mexico, and other parts of Tropical America, a singular kind of "Club-Moss" is not uufrcquently met witii, wliicii, when dry, folds itself up into a compact ball, much after the manner of a young hedge-hog,
but

wiiicii,

when under

involvens," and tufts of

the influence of rain or moisture, gradually

it

expands again.

This

is

the "

are occasionally brought to this country, which retain possession of their

for a great length of time, stretching themselves out

when plunged

in

warm

Lycopodium
elastic powers

water, but folding themselves up again

when suffered to become dry. The specimen introduced below enjoyed tlic distinction of sitting for its portrait to
Lady Jane Walsh, from whose exquisite drawing ^\ e were kindly permitted to copy our Vignette. This Lycopodium
also officiates as tail-piece to Plate XI., where it may be seen wielding as many arms as Briareus
here, it is
;

represented as "closed for

tlie

present."

y."/

Z,n,.

JKuUi

H:

'merges frofunuo,

-r>-\^v'

rCLCHKioi;

EVENii." //or.

* Cultivation frequently effects quite " a revolution in the halnts" of Orchidaceae, and of
In

tlio

wild specimens which adhered to the plant on

compound head of
pseudo-bulbs.

its

arrival, the spikes

tiiis

a notable

example

is

furnished by E. aromaiicum.

were naked for nearly their whole length, and terminated

flowers, while in cultivation tliey are metaniorpliosed into loose panicles, which

commence

in a

very dense

within a few inches of the crown of the

n.

^^ssa'.v,.

JtT a^uA^s

d^l'^

E Fl B _E ITB It
J'Uj

sy

IIT

JMT

K^d^wa-y

"n^fOd^fy

11

/ir-^

'iri'iDJIiBIA^UM^

ryan.''\ Jd'.O Picc^.(ZlIZ,'.

ymf/^/ 1^:HS

i9ia^,^,^^r/^^ nf.ytfU Sf^T/hr^i

JVr'"*

^^

BaxLCt. ich-

//.

Tab. XI.

EPIDENDRUM STAMFORDIANUM
LORD STAMFORDS EPIDENDRU3I.
Epidendrum

Stamfordiamiin, caulibus incrassatis 2-3 vel

4-pliyllis

racemis radicalibus multifloris

\

brevioribus

sepalis, petalisque

duplo angustioribus, lanceolatis acutis

lobis lateralibus obovatis intcgris, intermedio unguiculato transverso

duobus brevibus instructa

Stems
proceeding

labelli trilobi

columnar apice connati

emarginato lacerate

many 'flowered

the base

of the stems, than which

cerniiovs raceme.

Sepals

dull greenish yellow, with crimson streaks.

they resemble in

sepals, ichieh

columna dentibus

anthera dorsali.

rhizoniated^ a foot high, hearing fro^n tico to font ohlong coriaceons

from

colottr.

tltey

Leaves.

Spikes

are considerablg longer, terminated hg a

oral -lanceolate, acnte, two-thirds of an inch long, of a

Petals linear -lanceolate, not quite half so wide as the

Lip

the

three-lohed;

two lateral

lobes obovate, rounded,

broader than the sepals, whitish, destitute (f spots; the central lobe iinguictdate, nearly the
same size as the lateral ones, emarginate or two-lobed, its anterior edges deeply indented, ydlow in
entire,

some varieties, in others (jf the same hue as the sejmls, and with a few crimson spots ; the Up, tvhich
has a longitudinal callosity on its disk, is united with, the vpper extremity of the cohvmn. Column
short, furnished at its union with the lip, tcith two short diverging horns.
Anther dorsal, deeply
imbedded in the column, of a reddish purple colour.

W IIILE

detained at Isabal by the cholera, I quietly took a canoe, and amused myself by a cruise

of a few leagues along the shores of the great lake, in search of our favourite Orchiducese.

home, drenched
beautiful plant,

to the skin,

and one

but happy, nevertheless, in the highest degree, for

had discovered a most

am perfectly certain is new to you all. It is called here Quartorones,' in

which may be seen in its blossoms; and a more beautiful spectacle than they

-Nvhich I

allusion to the four colours

I returned

'

hung suspended, as it were, over the margin of the lake, and sent forth
perfumes that reminded me of the violet, and reached me at a great distance. For twenty minutes I stood
gazing at it, before I could prevail upon myself to disturb it but I found it in such abundance, and in
presented, I never beheld.

It

such splendid tlower withal, that

I at

length nearly

each specimen fmer than the one before

it.

filled

Oh, that

it

my

canoe before

were with you

safe

could stay

my

hand, fancying

!"

Mr. Skinner's account of his discoveiy of this extraordinary plant. The specimens, for
which he expresses so much solicitude, had a most prosperous voyage, and reached us in safety about the
end of June, 1837. They did not long remain inactive, and early in 1838 the tw^o flower-stems made their
appearance from which our figure was prepared. The four colours from which, according to Mr. Skinner,
Such

it

derives

is

its

vernacular name, are not very prominent in cultivation

indeed, unless

we

yellowish white of one portion of the lip from the purer yellow of the other, Ave do not see

be made
have
but

is

out.

It

their colours

is,

however, probable that there are

more

distinctly

marked than

perfectly satisfied with such as the

most

others.

many

varieties of this species,

In cultivation

it

roljust of its fellows receive.

Supra.

Tab. X,

distinguish the

how

they are to

some of which may

requires no peculiar treatment,

Those who are conversant with the habits of the Epiphytic Orchidacea? of the West, must have
observed that a term'mal inflorescence is usually characteristic of the tribe called EpldcndrecB, and that a
radical or lateral inflorescence

almost invariably confined to the Vaiidew and MalaxidecE

is

appearance of our present subject, no case had come

until the

with a radical scape

we had

recent shoots,

when, therefore, flower-stems were seen

not the most remote idea of

may be

expanded, and our astonishment

those of an ordinary

we

that

from

felt

distinction

Ejndcndrum

might for the present appear,

it

The " Quartorones,"

botanists as a

with which

it is

to issue, right

then, although

we found

and

from the base of

left,

ever belonging to that section.

it

its

its

In due time the flowers

that they differed in

no respect from

would be untenable

reasoning so just as
in the

only dissuaded
striking such a

any species being discovered

in the event of

this, it w^as,

of course, impossible not

genus Epidendrum.

cannot be regarded as the type of a

most remarkable and interesting species

cultivated,

and

To

flowers from the side.*

its

our knowledge of an Epidendreous plant

new genus on that ground alone and were

Professor Lixdley, who remarked that, however

it

at all events,

the habit of flowering from the base appeared so very peculiar,

and our plant was accordingly retained

to assent,

facility

Still,

by the prudent counsel of

which produced

upon by

! !

its

imagined, Avhen

strongly disposed to constitute

so doing

to

new genus^

while the elegance of

agreeable perfume, cannot

fail to

render

its

be looked

will

appearance, the

a favourite with the

it

general collector.

The

merits, therefore, of die plant being undoubtedly high,

Earl of Stamford and Warrington, whose

and

which have

so long "floated

AVould that

Enville also possesses a rich collection of tropical Orcliidaccfle.

these vegetable treasures without being painfully reminded of

the

know how

to

late

lamented Lord Grey of Groby,

adequately mourn

to

name

it

after the

seat, Enville Hall, is so justly celebrated for its beautiful gardens,

the magnificent specimens of hardy forest trees,

assembled

we have ventured

whose

it

him by whose

redundant" on
were possible

taste

its

lawns.

to allude to

and ardour they were

too early fate those only

who knew him

well,

Lycopodium represented in tlic preceding Vignette. It

also is from the elegant pencil of Lady Jane W\\Lsn, whose labours in this instance appear to be
singularly appropriate, as forming a pleasing accompaniment to the plant named after her noble Sire.

Below

w^ill

be found, in

its

expanded

i^tf^ /7v lyU'i

state, the

^^f
"

If shape

it

might be

called, that

The

other shape,

shape had none."

Milton

* Dr. Lindley's views nnight almost be said to have been prophetic, for there has lately blossomed, in Messrs. Loddiges' collection, a
Brazilian

Epidendrum (.

caulifloruin), with precisely the side-flowering habits

\ A well-known and popular pine-apple was

he anticipated.

originated at Enville, from whence

it

has borrowed

its

name.

new

Fl. f2.

M7

~.irui:^t:^

del"
.-.

EF

ii

li)

1^

B M m ^ A If A
iti,

/hl'^Jy.A

tf'^q;/

'''fK-^iZ.ly

.ir

'^ons;26'S. Hcca^/ii^y,

:-Zi^ci

.9

,<r.-,Pr^"

'v,/-'-

:ef

T A

SrptSJ^^/f

;(

"

{;;

iiT

:m

..

ifiUiri

:uhy.

Tab. XII-

EPIDENDRUM AURANTIACUM
ORANGE EPIDENDRUM.
EpiDEXDiiuM aurantiacum ;
ribus

caulibus clavatis diphyllis

sepalis lineari-lanccolatis acutis sub-lunatis, petalisque

columnam

integro ovato

involvente, petalisque subconformi

foliis

oblongis obtusis racemo brcvi lonoio-

sub^qualibus conniventibus

columna

labello libero

labello duplo breviore.

Stems

imrassated, jointed, nearhj eyUndr'tcal, from half a foot to ten Inches high, hearing two
very coriaceou.s, ovate-ohlony, obtuse, and obliquely emarginate Leaves, of a deep shining green,

four inches long. Raceme, issuing from a whitish brown spafhe, shorter than the
jjrodacing from two to thirteen flowers, of a rich and deep orange-colour. Pedicells ronnd,

from two
leaves,

to

and a half long, having a slight enlargement on the nnder side, adjoining the flower.
Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, about an inch long, and scarcely a quarter of an inch broad, the
upper 07i is erect, the lateral ones slightly crescent-shaped. Petals same size as the sepals, and
converging inwards, so as partially to conceal the coltmm. Lip entire, united only to the base
ef the
column, ovate, broader than the petals, hut of the same length, having its edges turned inwards, and
thereby overlapping the column, orange-coloured, hut adorned with a few minnte crimson streaks.
clavate, one inch

Column

scarcely half the length of the petals, of a pale greenish yellow.

rOR the
by
It

whom
was

introduction of this exceedingly pretty

plants of

also found,

were sent

it

Epidendrum we have again

in the early part of 1835,

by Baron Karwinski,

from Guatemala, where

to

thank

:\[r.

Skinner,

exceedingly plentiful.

it is

Oaxaca, although, probably, rare in that locality, since it was

neither met with by Mr. Barker's collector, nor included in a large and richly-stored box, which
the
Messrs. Sadler, of Oaxaca, have kindly sent to us from the environs of that city (the capital of the
in

province of the same name).

In Guatemala

growls only in the higher parts,

where the mean temperature of the air is, probably,

not more than 65 (Fahrenheit), a circumstance which ought never to be lost sight of in its cultivation; for
like many other Orchidacea? which are found above the usual elevation, it will not thrive under
the treatment
it

applied to the majority of

its tribe.

It

grows, indeed, and freely,

among

compeers, and even produces

vigorous spathes, but these prove either altogether abortive, or are the harbingers only of very feeble dowerscapes. When our plants arrived in the autumn of 1835, we observed that even the w^eakest stems had borne

from

five to

seven flowers, while upon the strongest

we counted

as

many

its

as thirteen

when, therefore, the

stems, w^hich, in a short time, were perfected in the epiphyte house, rivalled in their dimensions the largest
of those imported, we expected a corresponding profuseness in the number of their flowers. To our o-reat
mortification, however, but one of these stems sent forth a scape,

flower-buds, which, although they never

made an attempt

and

to this there

were attached only two

expand, contrived, nevertheless, to mature very

formidable capsules, similar to the one represented in the Plate. This ill success was attributed to the
unfavourable season at which the shoots w^ere made; when, therefore, in the early part of the ensuinn-

summer, stems were seen

to

much above

the former height, our hopes rose in proportion, but only to be

again disappointed; for, instead of flower-scapes, another set of shoots started up.
As it was evident that
the plant required rest,

winter,
or five

rising

it

was removed

to a cooler house, in which, after remaining

dormant

durin^'-

the

produced, in the spring, a few heads of flowers, none of them, however, numbering more than four
blossoms.
This deficiency we at once ascribed to over-exertion in the preceding summer, and, in
it

order to prevent the recurrence of a like catastrophe,

we determined

the plant should be permitted to form only one set of shoots,

Supra. Tab. X.

that,

when growing season again

arrived,

and be immediately removed from the excite-

mcnts of the epiphyte house.

spring,

when

scapes again

This was accordingly done

made

their appearance, but

and the plant,

still

as before,

was dormant

until the

with the slender complement of three or four

Some further
buds, several of which formed their seed-vessels without deigning to open their tlowers.
change in the treatment of our perverse plant being now imperatively called for, we kept it, during the whole
of last summer, in a vinery, where

it

was occupied,

for six months, in

completing shoots, which would have

house in half that time, but these shoots are so exceedingly strong, and
have so much of that bulky appearance which always portemh a vigorous flowering, that we fully expect to
Should this happily
see the species in the course of the present spring (1839) in all its native splendour.
be the case, the plant will be one of the most showy of its genus, for nothing can surpass the rich orange

been hurried over

colour of

its

in the epiphyte

flowers, which, according to

brilliant hues,

and sparkle on the

Mr. Skinnep,,

trees like so

many

attract the eye at

a considerable distance by their

stars.

This plant has also blossomed in the collections of Lord Rolle and Sir Charles Lemox, by both of whom
specimens were obhgingly forwarded to us, but these were as deficient as our own in the number of their flowers. The

specimens from Carclew were accompanied by a drawing, which does no small credit to Mr. Booth, Sir Charles's
skilful gardener.
Our figure was prepared in part from the plant when flowering with us in the spring of 1838, and

Royal Herbarium of Munich. The habit of this plant is so precisely

that of Cattleya, that, prior to its blossoming, and when nothing was known of its flowers but their colour, we gave it
the provisional title of Orange Cattleya, "a title by w hich it is still known in many collections, and which the lovers
in part

from native specimens belonging

to the

of that magnificent genus will be sorry to find has been usurped by an EpidendruuL*

Quesals are to be seen, perched upon the branches of cheirosfemon plat anifolium., the
remarkable "hand-plant" of central America. The Quesal is the irorjon resplendens of Gould, in whose magnificent
monograpli of the genus it is wortliily figured. The plumage is green and scarlet, and exceedingly glossy the tail
Mr. Skinner has shot, and presented to the
feathers, in fine specimens, measuring upwards of three feet in length.
Natural History Society of Manchester, one of these extraordinary birds, from which, we must not omit to mention,
In the Vignette two

fine

the province of ^?/e.9a/tenango (where they are exclusively found) derives

The "hand-plant"

is

another peculiarity of the country, and

is

its

name.

so called from the resemblance of

its

striknig red

flowers to a hand or claw.

cft^iLfiMA^:^^'^

*****

talos a vcvtice piilclier

Fiet eritque tuns

mimmorum

milHbus

ad imos,

octo,

IIor,

EphL

ii,

4,

* Since the above was written \vc have received, from the fine collection of Mr. Brocklehurst, of the Fence, near Macclesfield,
seen.
of a larger size and richer colour than any we had previously

this species

a flower of

/7.

/3.

I-

J{^-'

W,^^s, ^.WJ

A.

TTh

YK

rij.?>f^by .7 J^.ul^^wa.y f- SryTT.r t69^ Iyrx:rid^My\

TnrUtd by

T, ^Uj^7 3. jr,-yrt>>

IW 1^
S^^:

f -^d'S aariJ- _S&il/f'rd Sff'''

If.'^ldSd.

Jf-. &,,.iJ~C,^X^7^

]K

111

/Mi

Tab. XI 1 1.

CATTLEYA- SKINNERI
MR. SKINNER'S CATTLEYA.
Tribus:

EPIDENDRE^. Lixdley.

CATTLEYA.

Perianthium

Lindley, Gen.

explanatum.

Sepala

et

Sp. Orcli. 116.

patentia,

Labellum cuciiUatum, coliimnam involvens

majora.

vel indivisum.

Columna

aequalia.

Potala

sa>pius

(rarissime liberuni) trilobum

clavata, elongata, semiteres, marginata,

cum

labello arti-

Anthcra carnosa, 4-locularis5 septorum marginibus membranaceis. Pollinia

4, caiidiculis totidem replicatis.
Herbae Americanse epiphytse. Folia coriacca.
culata.

Flores speciosissimi, ssepe e spatha

magna erumpentes.

Cattleya

Skinneri; pseuclo-bulbis valde incrassatis compressis diphyllis foliis oblongis duplo lonnioribus; racemo denso brevi multifloro.
Sepalis lincari-lanceolatis acutis, petalis ovalibus undulatis duplo
latioribus

labello integro infundibuliformi

Habitat

Guatemala.

in

emarginato obtuso, columna nana 4-plo longiore.

Skinner.
l^esicciptioin

Psendo-htdhous

Stems verp much incrassated, jointed,

compressed, about afoot long, terminated

hy two oblong fleshy Leaves, from four to six inches long. Raceme short, issuing from a large
Spathe, composed of from four to twelve flowers, clustered together. Sepals linear -lanceolate,
acute, tico inches long, of a rich rosy hue.
Petals broadly oval, twice the width of the sepals,

waved at

the edges,

and

rose-coloured.

Llp

entire or very obscurely three-lobed,

funnel -shaped,
folded closely over the column, of which it is more than four times the length; towards the middle
the lip is bent downwards, and very much constricted, but spreads open at its upper extremity;
externally it is of the same hue as the petals, but all round its interior edges there is a band of the
most intense crimson, which passes, towards its disk, into a dirty white; one small elevated ridge
traverses, longitudinally, its entire length. Column dwarf, about one third of an inch in length.

Until

within the last few years^ the extensive province of Guatemala had continued quite a ^^ terra incognita^''
to the admirers of Orchidacese^ who were ready, nevertheless, to regard it as a rich storehouse of their favourite plants,

consequence of the known beauty of the tribe in Mexico and Panaina,^the two extremities of that remarkable
Isthmus, of which Guatemala is itself the centre. The small number of European, and almost total absence of English,
residents, had rendered the attainment of any precise information as to its natural history, all but impossible; and to
have dispatched a botanical collector on a mission to a country whose Flora possessed only a conjectural interest, was
too wild a speculation, even for Orchido-mania to venture on.
Things might still have remained in this tantalizing
state, had we not accidentally heard that some insects had been received in Manchester from a gentleman of the name
of Skinner, the owner of extensive estates in Guatemala, and the partner in a flourishing mercantile firm in the same
country.
This piece of intelligence immediately brought with it a faint gleam of hope for, as entomology and botany
are kindred sciences, we were at no loss to persuade ourselves that he who had dune so much for the one, mio-ht
possibly be tempted to lend a helping hand to the other.
accordingly addressed a letter to Mr. Skinner, in which
we frankly described the circumstances of the case, and humbly craved his assistance. This letter, addressed as it
was to an entire stranger, and on a troublesome errand, we could scarcely expect to see otherwise than coollv received,
in

-j-

We

if

not altogether disregarded

will bear us out in asserting;

that such, at
must we

of most epistles of its class, a host of disappointed suitors

add, that even the promises of zealous aid, which the more fortunate applicants
least, is the fate

amid the difficulties that oppose their fulfilment, or are dissolved under the
enervating rays of a tropical sun
But with Mr. Skinner the case was far otherwise. From the moment lie received
our letter, he has laboured almost incessantly to drag from their hiding places the forest treasures of Guatemala, and
receive, are not unfi-equently lost sight of
!

* So called by Professor Lindley

in

lionour of the late

Mr.

Cattley, of Barnct, one of the earliest,

most zealous, and successful

cultivators

of the Orchidacete.

f Mr. Skinner

is

excellent scholar, as his

the son of the Rev. John Skinner, Episcopal

numerous works abundantly

testify.

Clergyman

at Forfar,

and the grandson of Bishop Skinner, an eminent divine and

them to the stoves of his native land. In pursuit of this object, there is scarcely a sacriOce uliich he has not
made, or a danger or hardship which ho has not braved. In sickness or in health, amid the calls of business or tJie
perils of war, whether detained in quarantine on the shores of the Atlantic,* or shipwrecked uu the rocks of the
Pacific, he has never suffered an opportunity to escape him of adding to the long array of his botanical discoveries
And, assuredly, he lias not laboured in vain, for lie niav truly be said to have been tlie means of introducing a greater
number of new and beautiful Orchidacese into Europe, than any one individual of his own or any other nation. As
the channel through which his discoveries have found their way into his mother country, it would ill become us, in this
place, to enlarge upon the generous, kind, and spirited manner in which he has uniformly acted towards us; we must,
therefore, without further preface, request his acceptance of the only acknowledgments which it is in the power of the
transfer

much befriended to bestow. Unfortunately, there is already a Peruvian (jemts called 'Mwi not after
our friend) Skumeria ; we can, therefore, do no more than select some species which may not do discredit to his name,
and we confess we are unable to conceive one better fitted for our purpose than the magnificent Cattleya represented
science he has so

in the

accompanying Plate.

The

colour of Cattleya-Skinneri (for

we must

hencefortli call

it

by

its title) is

that of the

most

brilliant

and intense

and there is a delicacy about it which is not surpassed by any plant with which we are acquainted. It is easily
grown, and produces its flowers freely in the month of March but, when they first expand, they are of a very pale hue,
and not more than half the size to which they attain in the course of a day or two.
mention this circumstance,
which, though rare, is by no means peculiar fo the species, to prevent others feeling as much disappointed as we did
ourselves, at the appearance of its blossoms while in a state of immaturity.
Some of the imported specimens have
borne upwards of twelve flowers, that we think. Jt probable that this number may eventuall} be exceeded in cultivation.
The present sj^ecies is readily distinguished from all the Cattleijas as yet known, by the extreme shortness of its
colunni, which is not more than one quarter the length of the lip.
Mr. Skinner found this plant almost exclusively in the warmer parts of Guatemala, and along the shores of the
Pacific.
Its familiar appellation is "Florde San Sebastian," and like Mr. Skinner's other namesake (the beauteous
Epidendrnm Skinneri)^ it is eagerly sought for, when in season, by the people of the country, as an ornament for the
temples and shrines of their favourite saints.
The Vignette is copied from a drawing, obligingly procured for us by 3Ir. M'^ Klee (Mr. Skinner's partner), and
furnishes a view of the Altar of a Church in Guatemala, which arrested Mr. Skinner's attention by the beauty of the
Orchidacea^ with which it w^as adorned.
rose,

We

*'Ite igitur pueri. Unguis, auimij^que faventes,

Sortaque dolubris, et farra impoiiite

cultrisj

graciles ubi parva coronas

AccipiuTit fragili simulacra nitentia cera/*

* Mr. Skinner was detained in quarantine at the Castle of St, Philip, in

tlie

JuvtNAL, Sat.

xii.

S3.

Bay of Dulce,

for

more than

a fortnight,

on

liis

return from England

1837 to his detention there we owe some valuable plants and, to his yubsequent shipwreck on the coast of the Pacific, we owe many more. When
thrown (after the loss of his good ship the "Spartan/'} upon an inhospitable shore, his first care was not^ as some might have supposed, to ascertain
whether the strange spot produced any food, but whether it produced any plants !
in

In the wood-cut the Orehidace^ are represented wilh their pseudo-bulbs attached, hut

it

is

much more

usual to see the flower-spikes only.

T(.

'

Jtr::"

Wl6kers deZ^

w\

"kJJ

\\IM

iX.Ldy
J^..

(Q)

BF.

^ y. ^e;:^,.'^ s Son^,
.TnnC^

-^-

iffs.

n^cadai^v,

r.A

(HilDlNA

s^arrfidsd

Oauao9.Nar^ ^^//y^^.^ Sq"

Jf. Sauci',

U{h

I-I.

Tab.

X I V.

MORMODES* PARDINA:
LEOPJIRB-LIKE MOR3IODES,
Tribus: VANDEiE.-^Li>DLEY.

MORMODES.i/yi^/%,

Bot. Reg. 18G1.

Sepala, et petala subsequalia libera, conniventia vel reflexa. Labellinn

membranaceum, sclla^forme, trilobatum, asccndens, cum columna articulatum.
Columna scmlteres, mutica, semi-torta; gynizus longus angustus clinandrium
;

acuminatum.

postice

dular carnosae

Pollinia 4, perparia comiata, caudicula) crassa.' affixa, glan-

bus fusiformibus.

Hcrbae epiphytal Americanse, caulibus brcvi-

adha^renti.

crassse

Folia basi vaginantia, plicata.

Scapi radicales.

Fiores race-

mosi, speciosi.

MoRMODEs Pardina,
floro foliis

pseudo-bulbis vestitis

foliis

4-plo brevioribus;

strictis

racemo

iiutantc multi-

breviore, sepalis petalisque subsequalibus ovato-lanceolatis acutis, conniventibus, labelli trilobi

lobis lateralibus acutis decurvis

Cyclosia Maculata,

Habitat

in

intermedio elongate acuminate.

Y^i^oizscii in Allgem.

OaxacCt.

Gartenzeiiung, No. 39, 1838.

Kx\ii%vinski.

iSewiption

Pseudo-bulbs, afoot
the slieatUny bases
long, not

long, turbinate, cocercd

of the numerous

more than an inch

leaves.

(and

aged specimens rendered prkJdgJ by

Leaves, in fill- sized specimens, npicards of two feet
in

and tapering very much at the extremities. Roots thick and fleshy.
Scape nodding, shorter than the leaves, producing from fifteen to twenty or thirty flowers, which
are never more than half opened. Sepals and Petals, nearly equal, an inch and a
half long, conwide,

mvent, ovate-lanceolate, acute, of a yellowish colour; covered over with numerous claret
-coloured
spots, except on their outside tips, where they are deeply stained with
reddish hrowm. Lip shorter
than the petals, and, like them, speckled, but of a paler hue, saddle- shaped, membranaceous,
deeply three-cleft ; its lateral lobes acute ; bent downwards, shorter than the intermediate
one,

Column turned half round, so

and Pollen-masses, as in Catasetum.

is

acuminate.

MORMODES

Pardina

is

as to appear to look askance at the spectator.

a native of Oaxaca, where

it

was

originally discovered

which

Anther

by Baron

Karwikski. It formed a part of a most extensive collection of vegetable treasures, which that distinguished
traveller had assembled during his researches in New Spain, and which he
attempted to bring with him on
his return to

Europe.

Unfortunately, however, the vessel in which he sailed was wrecked on one of the
West India Isles, and thus by far the greater portion of his hving collections were consigned to a watery
grave.
The individual from which our figure is taken was one of the few survivors, and was communicated
to us

by the Baron

Mr. Bakker, by

in the year 1836.

pale self-coloured variety has

more recently been introduced by

whom

specimens were obligingly forwarded to us in the Autumn of 1838. The species

also appears to have found its way into Germany, having been
described by that excellent Botanist, Dr.
Klotzsch. in the '' AUgemeinen Gartenzeitung," under the name of" Cyclosia maculata ;" but
this name

* From

jiopix^,

a frightful-looking object, a goblin, in allusion to the strange appearance

of the flowers.

will

have to give way,

in conseciuence of tlie prior claims of our

own, which was pubhshed in the

" Miscel-

laneous Notices" of the ''Botanical Register," considerably before the appearance of that of Dr. Klotzscii.
Since the estabhshment of the

which, in his opinion, render

it

Genus Mormodes, by Professor Lindley, circumstances have occurred

advisable that

it

the truly wonderful fact of perfect flowers of the (to

Myanthusy and Catasetum having

We

should be referred to Catasetum.

appearance at

all

allude of course to

least) distinct genera,

Monaclianthns,

been produced on the same flower-stalk by a plant in Lord

FitzwiUiam's possession.
From the similarity of its habit, Dr. Lixdley conjectures that Mormodes may one
day be detected in similar vagaries, and, therefore, proposes to cancel it, as he has already and most properly
done in the case oi Monachanthus and Mynnthiis. That its suppression may eventually become necessary,
on the grounds above-stated, we readily admit but since Mormodes has hitherto adhered, most scrupulously,
actually

to

its

original form,

we think

Mormodes pardina
It

is

that

is

would, for the present at

flowered with us, for the

cultivated like the Cataseta,

Our Vignette

it

and without the

taken from a cast

time, in July, 1838,

first

when our

it.

figure

was prepared.

slightest difficulty.

Mr. George Ackermanns possession) of the hieroglyphical calendar

We do not profess to under.stand it ourselves; but if any of our

we must beg

readers sliould be desirous of further information,

Pittoresque" of Humboldt, where this abstruse subject

be premature to condemn

(in

of the Atzecs, an early Mexican race.

"

least,

CLiras

hominum

Quis leget

Iiaec,

is

quantum

min' tu istud

leave to refer

them

copiously and ably discussed.

est in rebus inane

ais,

nemo Hercule nemo ?"

Persius, Sat.

* The Cataseta are not the only Orchitlaceae that "

produces, alternately, spikes of Z. StenocMlon, and of Z.

trifle

with us in a double sense."

Machdi, while

flowers of a totally different aspect from those represented in our Plate

to the splendid " Atlas

We

have, in our

the Cycnochcs figured at Tab.

All this

is

V. of

own

this

very hard upon poor botanists

i.

collection, a

Zygopetalum, which

work, has lately presented us with

n.

'

T>'

^^

Wldh^s. d^L

M.

A C C ATA

TAiTirorEA
Jhil.^

'by

J.Jhd^way

yrifiOJ h^

& Sm^ J^S^ Ihx^adilfy,

f^iu.^

S Norih

Cru^-c>^ru

Sep&f 1J838

Bsd^ord SfT*

GoJiun.

2i^.

/s.

Tab. XV.

STANHOPEA* SACCATA:
POUCH-LIPPED STANHOPEA.
Stan 110 1'KA

saccnta ;

foliis

lineari-lanceolatis scapis paucitloris brevioribus

petalisquc oblongo-lanceolatis acutis undulatis, reflexis

et alte saccate

sepalis oblique ovatis,

labello medio vix constricto

hypochilio abrupt^

mctachilio cornubus maximis ascendentibus incurvis compressis utrinque instructo

epichilio

ovato trilobo, subtiis carinato trilobo, lobis lateralibus ercctis truncatis intermcdio uiinore apiculato

columna

marginatri.

i3c;icn'ptiou*

Leaves, including the jietiole, ahotd a foot long^ narrow^ acuminate^ longer titan the Hcapes.
Scapes, 2-3 flowered, ahout the length of the Pedicells, and almost entirely clothed with acute
sheathing Bracts, Sepals and Petals jmich waved at the margin and extremities, and turned
entirely bach, the former ohUqnely ovate, the latter ohlong -lanceolate ; hoth of them being of a pale
straw colonr, sprinhled with vinons spots; at the base, however, of the sepals there is an intense orange
shade^ which has the effect of being reflected from the interior of the pouch of the lip. At the base
of the Lip there is a deep perpendicular pouch, which glows inside, tvith the most brilliant orange;
attached to t lie front of this pouch, on either side, are placed two very large parallel flattened fcdcate
Horns, bent slightly inwards; between these horns is stationed an ovate three-cleft fleshy process,
the lateral lobes of which are bent upwards, and rather truncated, the central lobe being apiculate
and shorter than the side ones. Column arched, furnished, at its up)per jjortion, with an oval
membranous margin, where it almost touches the horns of the Up : both lip and column are highly
jwlished, and of a dirty whitish hue, sprinkled with minute spots of the same colour as those in the
sepals.

This

Slanliopca was discovered by Mr.

Skinner

some part of Guatemala, but,

unfortunately, we are not in possession of its precise locality; which is the more to be regretted as it was never
met with except on one occasion. We received it in 1837, and it tlowcred profusely the following summer;
little

almost needless to add that

it is

of

elegant

its

its

management

is

in

attended with no difficulty whatever.

peculiar flowers, the small narrow leaves of this plant readily distinguish

the genus A\hich have, as yet, taken

up

their

The awful personages represented below

abode

in our stoves.

it

from

all

Independently
other species of

are copied from a curious print in

Mr.

George Ackeumann's

streets

which he most obligingly lent to us for the occasion. Figures, similarly habited, still \\ alk the
of Guatemala on certain public days, their office being to strike terror and collect contributions

among

the spectators.

possession, and

" Hie iiiger est: hunc tu

Komane

Supra.

caveto!''

Tab. VII.

Hoit. S.\t.

rki6

Mif^

Dra^Tcec

del/"

^ S^azu^

IB

M,

-?^/5y J.Jbu^wq^ ^ Sm,^ a^)9,I^j>0.^^j^_UsoT 16'3<J.

Tr'^urg^

~by

:p.

i^^Ti

J^

JfiP-^

Ot-BJ

^5'i^^* Sf*

J:

Iz^

Tab. XVI.

BRASAVOLA' GLAUCA:
GLAUCOUS-STEMMED BRASAVOLA.
EPIDENDRE^. Lindley.

Tribus:

BRASAVOLA.

R. Brown

Perianthium

in Hort. Keiv. ed. 2-5, 2l6.Lind. Gen. et Sp. Orchid. 114.

explanatum.

Sepala

et petala suba^qualia, libera,

acuminata.

Labellum cucullatum, integrum, columnam invohens.

Columna marginata,

stigmate infundibular], clinandrio posticc tridentato.

Pollinia 8, subsequalia, qui-

busdam

clavata,

Anthera 4-locularis, septis marginatis, loculis

semibipartitis.
Herba3 Americanse caulescentes, epiphyta?, apice folium solitarium, sa^pius semi-cylindraceum, carnosum, supra sulcatum, apice subulatum
gerentes.
Flores terminales, magni, speciosi.
parvis interjectis.

aliis

Bkasavola glanca ;
brcvioribus, floribus

caulibus brevibus incrassatis compressis folio

magna pedunculo

e spatha

solitariis

quam maximc

erumpentibus

subivcjuali

carnoso paulo
petalisque

sepalis

conformibus coriaceis repanclis lanceolatis obtusis, labello-cordato basi convoluto lateribus intequaliter
lobatis
columna brevissima marginibus membranaceis, clinandrio 5-lobo.
:

Habitat prope Xalapam

in

Mexico.

Henchman, Hartweg, Deschamps.

i3e$crtptiom

From a
Stems,

stont Riiizoma, spring, at intervals of about an inch, the short, sivollen, compressed
three or four inches long, rather shorter than the leaves.
Leaves solitary, exceedingly

fleshy, glancons (as are also the stems), ohtnse, sometimes boat-shaped.

From

the axil of the leaf

a brown compressed Spatiie, as long as the peduncle, and about three inches in length.
Pedicell tapering into a long neck. Sepals and Petals spreading, leathery, lanceolate, obtuse,
equal to each other, of a pale olive-green. Lip convolute at the base, but expanded upwards into a
issues

broad, cordate, acute, flat, tchltish- yellow plate, irregularly lobed at the sides; at its base, in the
inside, are four sangiiiiie streaks; it is fully two inches long, and fin the widest part almost as
J
broad.
Column very short, membranous at the edges, with an unequally o -lobed Clinandrium.
(Lindlcij in

illlS remarkable Brasavola was

solitaiy plant of

by Mr.

it

Xalapa.

It

were transmitted

fine plants

and from one of these, which

spring, the accompanying drawing was prepared.
the early part of 1837

Shortly after the arrival of

]\rr.

England by Mr. Henchman, wlio discovered a

was subsequently met with, near the same locality,

originally sent to

in the neighbom-liood of

Hartweg, by whom some

litt.)

Hartweg's

to the Horticultural Society of

floAvered in their

London,

in

garden at Chiswick, the following

collection, the species again

made

its

appearance, amongst

a huge assemblage of Mexican Orchidacea?, wliich had been brought to England (on speculation) by a

Frenchman, of the name of Desch AMPs.f To some of these plants

* So called by Brown,

f This

in

honour of Ant. Musa. IJrasavola, an

importation was quite unique in

freighted, almost exclusively, with Epiphytes

apartments

for their

accommodation,

about twenty species, for

in

wliich, in the

its

and Cadi, and such was

first

their

in the liistory

abundance, that

was found necessary

it

and obtained very high

prices,

similar collections were distributed dirough the provinces, and offered at greatly reduced rates.
set

of at least twenty kinds for a sum which,

this little fact

should be borne in mind.

in the metropolis,

of the Orchido-mama.

The plan pursued by M. Deschamps was

instance, he asked

he had

had

Italian botanist.

way, and formed a sort of epoch

Hungerford Market

Avere attached the remains of Avhat

in vain

tendered for only

to

vessel

came

into port

engage an extensive

suite

of

to parcel out his plants in small collections of

but the London market being at length exhausted,

The

In-o !

author himself purchased, in a country town, a

In case of any future inundation of Orchidaceje,

evidently been tiowers of considerable size, but in sucli a tattered condition as to preclude

minute examination

their dimensions, liOAvever,

an impression that they belonged

list

of Cattleyas, the plant, as

humble family of Brasavola ;

Dr. Lixdley's

specific

name

it

latter

attempts at

taken in connexion with the rigid leaves and stems, induced

a new species of Cattleya^

Unfortunately the

provi^sionally applied.

to our

to

all

which the name of

crassifoUa was
appellation proved to be premature, for instead of adding
to

afterwards appeared, was only a scion of the comparatively

it

forms, however, the most distinct and interesting species of

of glauca

is

its

genus.

judiciously given, in reference to the remarkable aspect of the

stems and leaves.

'i'he

species grows freely

but

that of the Horticultural Society

fact of

many

we have

; indeed,

not heard of
its

its

producing flowers in any other collection than

shy disposition in this respect

of the imported stems having evidently been abortive,

is

suflicicntly indicated

by the

a rare occurrence amongst Orchidacece.

The

stately plant represented

in the Vignette

productions of the vegetable world.

gigantic Yucca^

its

level of the sea.

Guatemala.

belongs to the family of Amaryllidacece^ and has the habit of a

It

stem being frequently

discovered by Baron

fifty feet

high,

Karwinski, on Mount Tanga

Mr.

Skinxer

Foiircroya long(^va^ one of the most marvellous

is

and

in

its

flower-spike forty

more

was

originally

Oaxaca, at an elevation of 10,000 feet above the

has also met with the plant on the high mountain ridges in the interior of

Plants of the species exist in the nurseries, but (contrary to expectation)

severely from the cold

It

and changes of our climate.

"

f f4f J

^'--^

^^-^'<:m^'^^f^^.

Unde nil majus genevatur ipso,

Xec viget quidquam simile, aut secundum/'
^

HoR, Car,].

12,

it

seems to

suffer

ft. J7.

JCf

yfidur^

del

TI

RTU

M MAm
-

-'

aii.UDir
^

^ar.

IR

IT

(j-aU'^x/.

IzSt'

Tab. XVII.

EPIDENDRUM* MACllOCHILUM var. ROSEUM:

BROAD-LIPPED EPIDENDRU3I:
{Rose-colovred Variety.)

EpiDENDRUM

macrocliihnn

pseudo-bulbis ovatis diphyllis,

foliis

lineari-oblongis coriaceis acutis scapo

simplici vcl paniculato subsx^qualibus aut brevioribus, sepalis petalisque conformibus obovatis apicibus incur-

columnam amplcctentibus intermedio maximo

vis, labello libero alte trilobo lobis lateralibus ovatis acutis

obcordato sub- sell vuformi disco calloso, columna aptera.

Epidendrum macrochilumj Hooker, Bot. Mag.

3534.

PsEUDO-BVLBS

three inches long, of

ovate,

from

one, to

an extremely hard

texture,

smooth or

wrinJded, but never furrowed ; bearing two or three shining, rigid, coriaceous, sharj) -pointed
nsnalhj from four to six inches in length.

Flower-Spike

branched in native, specimens; hearing from two

from

erect,

Leaves,

simple in culticated, hut occasionally

to twelve large,

handsome Flowers, which are

of the npper sepal to the extremity of the lip.

Sepals obovate, mucronate, spreading, incurved at their extremities, an inch and a quarter long,

nearly three inches in diameter,

the

tip

chocolate-coloured, except at the base, tchere they have

and

an

olixaceous

line.

Petals

similar in

form

upper surface, of a
bright rose colour, irJiich is deepest at the apex, pcder nnderneath, not united with the column,
deeply S-lobed
the lateral lobes enveloping and almost concealing the column, ovate, acute,
the
middle lobe very large and broad, obcordate, and saddle-shaped in consequence of its edges being
at the base there is a flat tlsh fleshy disk. Column not attached to the lip, triangular,
deflexed
compressed, destitute of wings, surmounted by the large, conspicuous, orange- coloured Anther.
colour to the sepals, excepting that they are rather smcdler.

Lip, on

its

XHIS

is

one of tlic most attractive

when seen

oi'

Epide77dra, even in

tlie

comparatively feeble state

in

which

it is

met
more

usually

In cultivation, not
must be, indeed, magnificent
tlian six or eight flow^ers are ordinarily produced^ whereas in wild specimens, gathered in Guatemala by Mr. Skinner,
we find many-flowered panicles, like the one represented in the plate. The species succeeds best in houses where air

with in our stoves; but

is

in all its native luxuriance^

it

freely admitted, and appears to sufler from excessive moisture

fails to

and

flower in April or May.

slightly nauseous

E.

macrochilum

when too
is

believe,

is

tlie first

The

its

in

Guatemala, Nicaragua, and Venezuela: and, as

varieties are exceedingly

European

Insect figured below^

(according to Mr. Skinner)

is

allowed to rest during the winter months,

is

it

rarely

pungent

closely inhaled.

white, while in others

to enrich

if

blossoms emit a powerful odour, which though agreeable at a distance,

found abundantly

widely-di.slributed species,

the labelluni

Its

is

it

is

usually the case with

some of these (like the one figured by Dr. Hooker),

rose-colour shewn in the plate :^Mr. Skinner was, we

numerous;

of the beautiful

is

in

collections with the latter.

a species of Mantis^ from the shores of the Pacific.

^^Qiicbra Patita/' and

'*

its

bite

is

said to cause deatli.

Duplices tendcns ad sidera palmas."

* Supra, Tab. V.

VirGh

Its

vernacular appelhition

7^

If^ld^. dd,'

E FMD

^
A^'^3/ J IM^-^a^ I

Sotl:

^v 41

I6S Fu^:adilly. ^^3^1^4-0

Tn

'ill

/T

-^

aazjcf

^'^

y^V.

Tab.

XVIII.

EPIDENDRUM" ALATUM:
WINGED EPIDENnRUM,
Epidendrum

alatum; pseudo-bulbis pyriformibus laevibus bi-triphyllis, foliis loratis arciiatis coriaceis

acutis scapo paniculato duplo brevioribus,
sepalis petalisque subiequalibus obovato-imguiculatis maroine
imdulato, labello alte trilobo basi tantum columnar adnato, lobis lateralibus oblique obovatis, intermedio
majore subrotundo crispo venoso calloso, columna arcuata stipitata alis duabus falcatis decurvis versus

apicem

instructs.

Habitat

in

Honduras prope

Skinner.

Isahal.

Pseudo-bulbs

pear-shapcdy smooth, three or four inches long, hearing two or three fleshy,
shining, pointed, curved Leaves, sometimes two feet long, and an inch and a haJfhroad.
Sheathed
at the base by the leaves, rises the Scape to the height of three feet or more, hearing a large panicle
of shewy Flowers, tchich are rather loosely arranged. Pedicells upwards of an inch long.
Sepals and Petals nearly equal, rather shorter than the pedicells, tmguiculate, obovate, waved at
the margin, slightly obtuse at the point, reddish-hroivn, with a margin
of greenish-yellow, on the

upper

side, olive

on the under.

Lip

united with the base of the cohimn, an inch long, deeply ^-lobed;
the lateral lohes obliquely obovate, primrose- coloured, smaller than the middle one, which is nearly
round, curled at the margin, bordered by a narrow band of brilliant orange, and covered with
innumerable streahs, composed of small purplish hairs, which radiate from its base. Column bent,
clah-shaped,

wings,

its

inargins 7nembranous,

from between which protrudes

A SOLITARY plant

and forming

in its vjyper part two decurved falcate 2^seudo-

the deep orange-colovred

Anther.

Epidcndrum was discovered by Mr. Skinnek on his return to

Guatemala, in 1837. It was found growing in company with E. Stamfordianum (figured at Tab. XI. of
this work)
and, like that species, it seems to delight in a greater degree of warmth and humidity than the
majority of Mexican Orchidacew require:
if this circumstance be borne in mind, its cultivation will
of this stately

be found perfectly simple.

It flowers, at

most exquisitely fragrant, continue

skirts the front part

in

Knypersley, in

May

perfection for several weeks.

of the labellum, gives to

and June, and

The

its

blossoms, which are

band of intense orange, which

the species a remarkable appearance, and such as it is quite
rich

impossible for any drawing to convey.

The

a rude earthenware Vase, doubtless of great antiquity, which, with many

of equal singularity and interest, were dug up, by Mr. Skinner, in the vicinity of Istapa.

\^ignette represents

other relics

^^-

'*

--r.
* ^3E 'w/iifi.iasa-'Ti.-r^'

"^^^" r

With uncoutii rliymes and shapeless sculpture decked."

Supra, Tab. V.

Gray's Elegy,

PL

M Gmin.

Mifi Drak^ d^I^

itJ

A IL IE A

:F^"" IE)

fiji'^^j ^^Brji^wcLy

MA

IB

^Sor^/d9Az:am:^S^?JS4rJ

/r.i-=*.

J-

ILT

IE

MI

li^h

1.9.

Tab. XIX.

GALEANDRA' BAUERI:
BAUER

MR.

GALEANDRA,

VANDEiE. LiNDLEY.

TiiiBus:

GALEANDRA. Z??i^/.

Illus. Orchid.

PI

S.Gen.

1.

et Spe. cxii.

Perianthium
Labellum
Columna

patens, vel connivens, sepalis petalisque ascendentibus, liberis.

infundibuliforme, calcaratum, sessile intus laeve, margine nunc fimbriato.

membranaeeo-alata, elinandrio declivi.

Anthera galeseformis,
crista recurva cum dorso clinandrii cardinata. PoUinia 2, postice excavata, cauerecta,

cum

dicula brevi,

glandula elongata basi divergenti-biloba, articulata.

Herbfe

terrestres vel epiphyta}, foliis plicatis scapis radicalibus vel racemis terminalibus.

Galeandra

Baueri; pseudo-bulbis attenuatis vel fusiformibus

minali pauci-vel-multilloro

maximo

foliis lanceolatis acutis,

racemo

ter-

supcrante, sepalis petalisque subiiequalibus obovatis acutiusculis, labello

foliis

antico convolute emarginato apiculato indiviso margine crenato, calcare ovario longiore.

Galeandra Baueri.

Habitat

in

Lindl. Illus. Gen. et Spe.

Mexico.

Ross.

c.

I.

In Guatemala.

Skinner.

In Guiana.

Martin.

i3e0ct1ptiom

Pseudo-bulbs,

variable in

lanceolate, sharp-pointed plicated

form attenuated, or fusiform, four or five

^

Leaves,

of about afoot in length.

inches long, bearing several

Raceme

of the pseudo-bulbs., nodding, clothed at the base with several imbricated striated

issuing fi^om the

Bracts,

apex

nunuj-flowered.

Sepals and Petals

side of the flower,

nearly equal, obovate, acute; all directed fas in Etdophia) towards the np}2)r
nearly an inch long, yellowish green, tinged ivith dull red at the base.
LiP, much

larger than the other parts, convolute, obtuse, emarginate, undivided, but crenated along all the border;
ivhite at the base outside, yelloiv

on the inside, but, at the end, of a deep and bright rose-colour

base, in the inside, are tivo elevated lines.

membranous margin.

IHIS
1838,

it

AxTHER,

Column,

almost concealed by the

had never been imported

been long known

in a living state.

from specimens then collected, Mr.

Bauee

It

to English botanists, although, prior to the

was

first

discovered by

visited that country

its

original discovery, since

good fortune

none of the

have succeeded in obtaining even a

Mr. IIenciiman, Mr. Sciiomburgk, and

at length, Mr. Barker was so fortunate as

Martin,

y^ear
in Guiana; and

prepared the admirable drawings which appear in Professor

Lindley's " Illustrations of the Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants."

have recently

dwarfish, erect, with a

helmet-shajjed.

rare Orchidaceous plant has

be extremely rare in the scat of

Up),

near the

have

The
many

solitary

species

would appear

to

who
Mr. Collet,

botanical collectors

specimen of

it.

it,

but in vain; and when,

to obtain possession of a single plant,

he was indebted for his

others,

to the exertions of his collector, ]\lr.

all

successively sought

Ross, who re-discovered the species

of Oaxaca, a distance of some thousand miles from the spot where

* So called by Professor Lindley, from galea, " a helmet," and

avrjp,

" a man,"

it

in the

was formerly found

in allusion to the

neighbourhood

hehnet-like form of the anther.

Mr. Barker's plant produced tiowers in the autumn of 1839;* and from these, assisted bv native
speciuK-ns more recently discovered by Mr. Skixxek in Guatemala, Miss Dkakk prepared the exquisite
drawing from Avhence the accompanying plate is taken. In cultivation, the species does not appear to
require any particular care, but ^ve fear that

it is

likely to continue a scarce plant for

many

years to come;

circumstance the more to be regretted, as the singularity of its structure-its lovely flowers-and
graceful habit, cannot fail to render it an object of desire, both to tlie botanist and the amateur.

Mr. Bauer,

whom

named, is well known to the botanical world as {\\(d facile

princcjjs of microscopical draughtsmen.
Although now between eighty and ninety j^ears of age, he retains
all his early fondness for his favourite science, and not unfrequently plies his pencil with no unsteady hand,
after

the species

is

j-

The

borrowed from a curious tableau

siccmn' of Lady Grey of Groby, which

^'ignette

the "

Museum

scene

is

is

IlcrhHn-Jimi," or, to speak more correctly,

in the
is

rich in (|uaint devices of the

same kind.

The

evidently laid on the shores of

some Indian stream, whither part of the numerous progeny of

Cycnoches (a genus exclusively American) are supposed-by poetic licence-to have migrated; attracted,
perhaps, by die well-known daintiest w^hich are so plentifully provided in the pitchers of Nepenthes
distillatoria.

'^
.

Drowns

liis

wlicve the slave of sense

soul's jewel, in tlie

cup of

riot."
Ij*

Mr.

*"

liarker's plant,

happening

to

be in

Advancement of Science," who honoured Birmingham w'nh

skill.

their

company

in tlie

was exhibited

autumn of 1839

Ijf

to the

members of

the

''

Britisli

and a most attractive object

it

Association tor

Among

boon, but

as the great

would seem
;{;

wav.

to

the latter, his illustrations of

expense and comparatively

be the duty, as

Ants,

flies,

''

it

surely

is

Wheat,"
slight

in

tlie

proved.

f Scarce a botanical work of any pretension has been published during the last fifty years, but is deeply indebted to Mr* Bauer's
His published drawings, however, bear but a poor proportion to those which are still retained in his own portfolio, or preserved

Museum*

this

the time of their visit,

i3ovvt?r at

xU*

assiduity and
in tlie British

every stage of germination, stand quite unrivalled, their publication would he a national

encouragement likely

the policy, of a paternal

woodlice, spiders, &c\ ])erish by thousands in

Government
llie

to attend

it,

would deter

to luidertake

a private individual from

making

the attempt,

it

it.

vegetable cyatkl of the " Pitcher-plant;"

some say

it

gets

its

nourishment

in

TL

M7 Wl^^s^ MP

{ S-ai^ci

nr(&
'ij-b'^lj

LTM
J

H.idc--yay

L^ctd' ^y

d Son^^JSx

ASTA'

'i:cc-aJul^'J)3C^ M-3-9.

T C'oi^L^ Har^^a-M'Bedr'-Sc^

r~v\

li^.

20.

Tab. XX.

ODONTOGLOSSUM* HASTATUM
HALBERT-LIPPEn ODONTOGLOSSUM.
VANDEiE. Lindley.

Tribus:

ODONTOGLOSSUM.

Hwnboldt

Knnth. Nov.

gen. et spe.

Lindl. Sert. Orchid, xxv.

Orchid, gen. et spe. 211.

Perianthium

explanatum. Sepala lateralia patula, libera. Labellum planum,

unguiculatum, ascendens, limbo reflexo diviso dentato, apice angustato; basi con-

cavum

crista bilamellata raro fimbriata ssepius antice bidentata

elongata, apice auriculata aut aptera.

auctum.

Columna

Herbae Americanse epiphyta?,

Pollinia 2.

Scapi sa^pins radicales, floribus speciosis.

pseudo-bulbosae.

Odontoglossum

hastatum

pseudo-bulbis ovalibus ancipitibus plerumqu6

cliphyllis, foliis

oblongo-

lanceolatis scapo radical! flexuoso paniculate 5-plo brevioribus, bracteis brevibus, acutis, sepalis petalisque

subeequalibus ovali-lanceolatis acuminatis undulatis, labelli trilobi hastati lobis lateralibus oblongo-rotundatis
incurvis, intermedio 3-plo longiore unguiculato acuminato, basi 4-lamellato, columnai alis integris cuneatis.

Habitat

in

iV/(?;rico.

Loddiges.
?iC0CtiptlOtt*

Pseudo-bulbs

sharp at the edges, tcith a few prominent ridges, from tico to three inches
long, hearing sometimes one, hut more frequently two, oblong-lanceolate shining sharp-pointed
Leaves, of about a foot in length. From between the base of the pseudo-bidb, and a sheathing
oval,

Scape,

a somewhat zigzag manner to the height of from three to

four feet or upwards, branched, and bearing numerous flowers. Bracts, short, acute, sheathing,
sessile, occurring at intervals of four or five inches.
Sepals and Petals similar in form and
colour, oval-lanceolate, sUglitlg acuminate, almost an inch long, green, with rich reddish- chest nut
Llp three-lobed, the lateral lobes rotmdish-oblong, curving inwards, pure white, the interblotches.
mediate lobe thrice the length of the lateral ones, narrow at its base, where the edges are depressed,
ohocate, acuminate, yellowish- green at the apex, but a purplish or reddish-brown at the base, where
are situate four oblong, elevated, longitudinal plates, of which the two central ones are heahed, and
extend forward beyond those at the sides -all being whitish streaked with 2>^fyple; the entire length
radical leaf springs the

of the

lip slightly exceeds

hollowed
itself,

otit

rising in

that of the sepals

at the base, furnished, near

its

and

Column

at right angles with the Up,

apex, with wedge-shaped rounded wings, which, like
petals.

are white.

UUR draAving of this ncAV Odontoglossum was obtained, in the spring of 1888, from the rich establishment of
It

is

the jNIessrs,

Loddiges, by whom

a pleasing and elegant species,

its

had been introduced, from Mexico, in the preceding year.

flowers are very durable,
and its cultivation is attended with no
it

difficulty whatever.

So

called from oSods, a " tooth,"

and

yXwcro-o, a

" tongue," in allusion to

tlie

teeth which are found at the base of the lip.

The genus

to

which

and beautiful species;

this plant belongs, as at present limited

more

to

With respect

follow.

Odontoglossum, and Cijriochilum, some excellent remarks

(sub. Tab.

rich in curious

XXV.), from which we copy

from Cyrtochilum and Oncklium^

are, a long

and

Oncidhim,

be found in Part V. of the Serf urn Orcld-

will

the following

to the distinctive characters of

" The true characters of Odontogloss/im, and those by which alone

and furnished,

is

especially in INIexico, from ^vhence several have been alread\' received,

from whence many more have yet

daccum

by Professor Lixdlky,

can be distinguished generally

it

column, and an entire unguiculate

lip,

narrowing to the point,

at the base, with a pair of fleshy, entire, or fringed lamella'^ in front of ^\hich stand two, or

rarely three, teeth, or bristles.

In this view of the case, AFr. Bateman's Cyrtodi'ilum B'tctonicnse will

belong to Odontoglossum."

To

the character of the genus, as here laid

down by Dr. Lindlev,

(being distinctly three-lobed) offers a remarkable exception

respects, that

we cannot doubt

The Vignette
Ackermann.

is

its

it

the lip of the present species

conforms, however, so perfectly in other

being a true Odontoglossum.

taken from a figure of Mexican manufacture,

..'-'^

**

Begone, dull care,

I prithee

begone from me."

Old Sovg,

in

the possession of

Mr, George

/7.

^:<-

JI^Ff/c^.

a^ ^

Jf

o:FvCK

I^SlLEA_Xir

IIUfT

Jh^'^^y Z/bd^'^a-r

t'Sans,

^njiad ^Y

JfS ?u:CMilZ/ Sept' J3^X

-F dr ojt-i^

d-az^i

JzSTz

21

Tad. XXI.

ONCIDIUM INSLEAYI:
INS LE AY'S 0NCIDIU3I.

31 R.
OxciDiuM

Insleayl; pseudo-bulbis ovatis compressis diphyllis,

foliis

coriaceis apice recurvis

racemo

simplici erecto rigiclo brevioribus, sepalis petalisque oblongis subrequalibus undulatis infimis basi connatis,
labello obovato retuso basi sagittato disci tuberculo apice depresso dilatato bilobo utrinque in

LindL

tato lamellaque unica retrofracta. aucto, columnae alis cirrhatis.

medio uniden-

in Bot. Keg. Misc. 1840.

No.

21.

Se^criptton*

Pseudo-bulbs two

or three inches long, ovate, compressed, with the edges somewhat sharp.

1AVES of a Mulsh green hue,

numerous very minute hlaeh dots on the vtulcr side, front six to
ten inches long, leathery, recurved at the extremities, two on each pseudo-hidh, shorter than the scape.
Scape rigid, erect, a foot or more high, hearing from six to twelce flowers. Sepals and Petals
nearly equal, oblong, waved at the edges, the lower ones connate at the base, an inch or more long, of
a light yellowish green, richly barred and spotted with bright chesnut. Lip of a bright yellow, its
base and mar^gin blotched ivith numerous patches of reddish brown, in form obovate, arrow-shaped
at the base, and furnished with a tubercle ichlch spreads itself out into two divergent lobes, and
which, at its middle, is armed tcith a tooth on either side, pointing in an opposite direction to the
reversed lamella at its base.
Column yellow, hearing two speclded cirrhl^ resembling the anteuncc
of an

insect,

rOR

and curving inwards.

the introduction of this

lection at Springfield
It

is

icith

it

to

Mr. Barker,

in

whose

col-

flowered in the spring of 1840, and continued in great beauty for a length of time.

a native of Mexico, but

Barker's

charming Oiicidium we are indebted

collector, although

is,

probably, a scarce plant there, having been met with only by Mr.

from the resemblance of

many

its

and pseudo-bulbs

leaves

to those of Odontoglos-

sum grande,

the latter species has, in

flowers

not unlike Oncidium papilio, as also in the singular processes which are attached to the

it

is

instances,

been confounded with

column, and which closely resemble the antennce of various

after his gardener,

Mr. Insleay,

to w^hose skill

The

insects.

it.*

In the colouring of the

named by Mr. Ba rker

Springfield owes much of its

plant was

and care the collection

at

celebrity.

The grotesque

figures in the Vignette are notable

specimens of the dresses worn by the Mexicans at

certain of their feasts.

" Hoc
Crede modo iiisanum

Qui

te dcridet,

caudam

te

nihilo ut sapientior
trahat."

ille

Hor. Sat.

Vide Remarks under Tab.

XXIV.

ii.

r insh^

Jf

di

M,

S I

_A

d
.^ui^byJJiid^way&Jom

"T

!K

\\

169,.FLcmdi:0^\.

T'nTia^ b\ I" ,iuiri

J_ti

Sm':34y-

V-

0-aiiv

udt.

22.

Tab XXII.

BRASSIA* VERRUCOSA
WARTY-LIPPED BRASSIA.
Tribus:

BRASSIA. B. Brown in

Perianthium

VANDE^. Lindley.

Hort. Kew.

explanatum.

ed. 2, 5,

2\5.IAndley Gen.

et Spe.

OrcMd. cxxxii.

Sepala et petala angusta, libera^ his ssepius

Labellum planum, indivisum, ecalcaratiim, columna continuum, basi

bi-cristatum.
Columna libera, aptera, nana. Anthera 1-locularis. PoUinia 2,
postice sulcata, caudicula brevi, glandula crassa.
HerbjB Americanae epiphytse
pseudo-bulbosae. Folia pergamenea. Scapi radicales vaginati. Flores speciosi,
minoribus.

spicati.

Brassia verrucosa;

pseudo-bulbis compressis

dipliyllis

margine

obtusis, foliis ligulato-oblongis acutis

scapo gracili multifloro duplo brevioribus, sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis minoribus acutis,
labcllo petalis longitudine acquali unguiculato obovato apiculato

basi verrucis crebris munito.

mmtiption*-

Pseudo-bulbs comjwessed, ovate, furroived, ohivse at the edges, three or four inches long, and
usually clustered. Leaves two on each pseudo-hidh, ohlong, strap-shaped, acute, varying in length
from half a foot to a foot and a half. Scape radical, slender, about two feet high, bearing about
a dozen flowers in a crowded raceme at its extremity. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, very
upper one two inches and a half the loiver nearly three inches long, pale green,
sjjrinlded near the base with small dark spots.
Petals scarcely more than half the length of the
sepcds, hut of the same colour and form.
Lip nngniculate, heart-shaped, acuminate, channelled,
down the centre, and provided at the base with two parallel glands, whitish in the upper part, but
in the lower curionsly covered with green tvarts.
Column dwarf, light green.
slightly undulate, the

iHE

genus Brassia

so nearly related to Odontoglossum, that a country kno\vn to

is

abound

in the

one, might naturally be expected to offer

numerous examples of the other; it is, therefore, singular that,

among the vast numbers of new Orchidacece which have of late years been imported from Mexico and
Guatemala, not a single species of Brassia should have been found, until Messrs. Rollisson were so
fortunate as to introduce the subject of the

B. Tjanceana

or

B.

macrostacluja,

is

accompanying

plate, which, if not so brilliant in

superior to either in the elegance of

its

habit.

its

Messrs.

colours as

Rollisson

received their plant from Afexico, but the species has more recently been discovered in Guatemala, where

fudging from

*
plants,

by

the aspect of the specimens imported

Tims named by Mr. Brown

in

due commemoration of the

and dried specimens, on the Guinea

Sir Josepli

brutality,

Banks

by some

to

coast, for Sir

Dr. Afzelius, on his

piratical slave-mongers,

visit

to

late

there probably are many

Mr.

varieties.

Brass, a skilful botanical traveller and drauglitsnian,

who

collected seeds,

Joseph Banks, Dr. FotliergiU, and Dr. Pltcairn, and whose sketches being most

Sierra Leone, were maliciously

under the French

flag,

during the late war.

damaged and
Smith

in

liberally lent

partly destroyed, out of characteristic and wanton

Rees' CyclopcBdia.

B.

B. caudata, B. Lanceana, and B. meter ost achy a by the

obovate (not oblong, oval, or ovate) form of the labcllum, and from B. maculata by the great disparity
between its sepals and petals. Another peculiarity is to be found in the little green warts which are
verrucosa

is

readily distinguished from

profusely scattered over the lower parts of the labellum, and which suggested to Professor

Linbley

the

{Vide Bot. Reg. Misc. 1840, No. 6Q.) B. verrucosa also differs from its congeners in
the form of the pseudo-bulbs, which are rounder at the edges than in the other species, and likewise more
specific

name.

deeply furrowed

As

their colour, too,

is

darker.

regards culture, the treatment ordinarily applied to Orchidaceaj will be suitable for

the plant, however,

is

a slow grower.

It flowered at

B.

verrucosa;

Tooting in April, 1840.

In the Vignette are seen the famous Chinampas (or floating gardens) of Mexico, of which Humboldt,
in his "Personal Narrative,'* has given such an interesting account.
They occur in the River Chalco,
about ten miles from the capital, and owe their singular appellation

been formed upon what were originally

to the

circumstance of their having

drifting masses of reeds, roots of trees, &c., which, acquiring con-

by degrees, were at length compact enough to support a fresh vegetation of their own. Their
peculiar fitness for what we call "kitchen gardens" seems to have early attracted the quick eye of the
Indians, and the care still taken of them by these industrious people is sufhciently attested by the rich
" In fine evenings,"
variety of fruits and vegetables which they furnish daily to the markets of IMexico.
sistency

says
the

Humboldt, "hundreds

most gaudy

of canoes, crowded with Indians neatly dressed, their heads crowned with

flowers, are seen passing in every direction

each boat with

party singing or dancing, or both."

" Quis est

Hie ver piirpurcum:

Fuiidit

humus

nam

varios

hidus in undis

hie flumina circuni

flores,"

YlRG. EcLOG,

ix-

its

musician, and some of the

rll

fL

---^

VN

jr-'Wl^rs diV

A
<1

MA

Tubf-dj JlhjIxjYwjf ^JoTLs: ;6S. TLcmdilk'

/yitaa by

T Sana.

JT. (juzLCi^ Tidi-

JI-A

S^C IS4(J.

]L

Tab.

XXIII.

LMLIk' MAJALIS
MAY-FLOWERING L^LTA.
L/LLiA majalis; pseudo-bulbis
scapo 1-4

ovatis vel sub-rotundis monophyllis, foliis crassissimis oblongis acutis

tloro tereti brevioribus, scpalis lanceolatis acutis, pctalis oblongo-lanceolatis obtusiusculis undulatis

duplo latioribus mcmbranaceis,

labelli trilobi

marginibus edentulis

lobo medio unguiculato subrotundo

emarginato, lobis lateralibus rotundatis.

Ljelia majalis, Bot.

Reg. Mise, 1839.

No. 43.

Cattleya Grahami, Lind. Gen. et Spe.

Habitat in M^exico.

Orchid. 116.

Sciiiede,

Hartmeg, Ross.

PsEUDO'BULBS sometimes ovate, sometimes nearly splier leal, faintly wrinhled, from an inch to
an inch and a half long, clothed, when yoiing, with whitish memhranovs scales. Lea ves one on
each pseifdo-hulb, exceedingly crassular, oblong, acute, from three to five inches long, shorter than
Scape from six niches to afoot high, romid, hearing from one to four floicers. Sepals
the scape.
at least ttco inches long, lanceolate, acute, of a beautiful rosy lilac colour. Petals more than twice
the width of the sepals, oblong -lanceolate, waved at the margin, and bent backwards ; of the same

hue as the sepals. Lip two inches and a half long, three-lobed ; the lateral lobes leaning against the
sides of the column, which they almost encircle, rounded at the extremities where they spread open,

of a whitish cast, excepting a few pink dots near their inner margin ; the middle lobe is much larger
than the others, deeply emarginate, unguiculate, and slightly notched in the margin, beautifully
pencilled with crimson streaks and dots, all ef which radiate towards the elevated plate by which the
disk
lobes

is

traversed ; the edges are faintly stained with rose-colour.

of the Up

IHIS
rendered

first

to

lovely plant

It

shorter than the lateral

abounds in the more temperate parts of Mexico, where

a prime favourite Avith the natives, from Avhom

it

de ^Fayo."
the

of a pink colour.

Column

it

does not, however, appear to have been long

its

exquisite beauty has

has received the familiar appellation of " Fior

known

to botanists,

Dr. Sciiiede having been

send specimens to Europe, which, through the liberality of Professor Schleciitendaiil have

been extensively

Living plants w^ere

distributed.

first

obtained by Mr.

Baekek, from Oaxaca,

through the

Mr. Ross and, more recently, a large supply has been received by the Horticultural
Society of London, collected by Mr. Hartweg in San l^artolo, in situations so elevated that the tempera-

instrumentality of

ture sometimes falls below the freezing point.

far to exphiin the

imitate the close

ill

This habitat, so unusual for an Orchidaceous plant, will go

success that has hitherto attended

and humid atmosphere

in

its

cultivation, for while

which most of the

tribe are found,

it is

it is

comparatively easy to

provide a substitute for the pure air and frequent changes of temperature in which these

would seem

to delight.

most experienced

when

Lideed, so signal, in the case o[ La'lia majalis, has been the failure of even the

cultivators, that although there w^as scarce a collection that did not contain

specimens of the plant,

described,

more difficult to
mountain epiphytes

infinitely

it

still

did

it

obstinately- refuse to floAver,

yielded to the skilful treatment of Mr.

favoured us with the

follo-ssing

note

* Supra.

except in the solitary instance about to be

Dillwyn Llewelyn,

Tab. IX.

one or more

of Penllergare,

who

has

"

The

and soon afterwards potted

its

Mr. Llewelvn, "about

plant was purchased," says

new buds

ben-an to swell,

in

three years since, from

M. Deschamps,*

very rough fibrous peat, being kept nearly dry in a cool plant-house, until

when

it

was removed

to a hot

and damp

stove, kept exclusively for Orcliidacem.

when

was discontinued by degrees,

and the plant carried back to a lower temperature. This treatment has been repeated, and under it
the entire genus seems to thrive, although, perhaps, from the vigour of some specimens of L. anceps and
L. autumnalis, which I have attached to pieces of rough-barked wood (with a little peat tied round the

Water was

regularly given until

its

bulbs had acquired their

roots), I should prefer that course of treatment to the

The mode

of treatment pursued by

reasonably be expected

but there

is

full si^e,

it

more usual one of potting them/'

Mr. Llewelyn

is

certainly the only one

under which success can

yet a point to be gained, for while the specimen at Penllergare, how-

ever beautiful, consisted of only a solitary flower, in a wild state three or four are borne upon a spike, in the
must not omit our acknowledgments to Mrs. Llewelyn for a most
manner represented in the plate.

We

accurate drawling

specimens

The

whom

it

in Prof.

made upon

the spot (in July, 1840), and which enabled us, with the assistance of native

Lind ley's

Herbarium,

to prepare the

accompanying

vignette represents a Cocoa-nut, marvellously carved

was procured by Mr. Skinner.

Vide note to Brasarolu elauca.

by

figure.

the native Indians of Guatemala, from

IL.U.

J.

.>-.
t

-^
^

!/

M'

WP^^M M'

ID)

(D^T(&TLSSM
AiTby

JJhdffvyra^ &So7is_, Ii?S ,FiccajMl^,

a B A ITU)

Septal'; 1S40

Gaji^h-.

Lien-.

Tab XXIV.

ODONTOGLOSSUM' GRANDE
GREAT ODONTOGLOSSUM.
Odontoglossum grande ;

pseudo-bulbis aggregatis ovato-oblongis compressis ancipitibus diphyllis

lanceolatis acutis scapo paucifloro duplt^ brevioribus, sepalis lanceolatis lateralibus convexis falcatis

foliis

petalisque oblongis obtusiusculis

dupl6 breviore

latioribus subundulatis

tuberculis basi tribus corrugatis aliisque lateralibus denti-formibus minoribus, columnar

tomentosa^ marginibus rotundatis convexis incurvis.

Habitat

in

iabello subrotundo basi auriculato sepalis plus

Guatemala.

Lind.

in

Bot. Reg. Misc. 1840. No. 94.

Skinner.
description*

Pseudo-bulbs in dense masses, of an ovate or otate-ohlong shajie, flattened and sharp at the
edges, from one to four inches long, slightly furrotced, and of a glaucous cast, hearing two langreen Leaves, half a foot or more long, and sprinkled on the under side with snudl
From among the small sheathing leaves which clothe the base of the pseudo-bulbs springs

ceolate, bluish

black dots.
the erect

swan's
great

Scape, partially enveloped

quill, rising to twice the

Petals
petals

height of the leaves,

Sepals

and beauty.

size

Bracts, of the thickness of a

from three to eight Flowers, of

in large, close-fitting, greyish

and bearing

lanceolate, the lateral ones falcate, three inches or 'inore in length;

broader than the sepals, oblong, sonieivhat obtuse, mucronate, tcaved at the edges;

and

sepals have

a greenish yellow ground, on which large

blotches

and

streaks

of the

Lip

chesnut are irregularly scattered, varying exceedingly in different specimens.

both
richest

ungtiicidate,

almost round, not half the length of the sepals, of a dirty white, decorated with concentric brown
streaks, which, although arranged closely at the jjoint where they spring, disappear almost entirely
in front ; at the base three large tusk-like Tubercles are stationed, which are of the richest orange
colour, spotted with red.

inward

direction,

IHIS

The Column

of a yellowish

noble plant

may

is

downy, and its convex rounded margins have an

near the base, which is almost white.

slightly

cast, excep)ting

well be described

by

its

discoverer

magnificent ornaments of the Orchidaceous Flora of Guatemala.

INIr.

Skinner

as

among

In brilliancy of colour,

if it

the

most

yield to

and Cattleya, it must confessedly be placed at the head of the vast group of South
American Yandece, curious and beautiful though they be for not merely does it surpass the ^Yhole of its
o\s'n extensive genus, but like\s'ise all the known species of Oncidium, Cyrtocliilum, and other allied forms.

certain species of Lcelia

These remarks must however be understood

to

apply solely to the superior varieties, for there are others

which, in the size of the flowers and the distribution of the colours, are greatly inferior to the one represented
in the Plate.

Odontoglossum grande
scarcely exceeds 60

delights, according to

Mr. Skinner,

but although a great degree of heat

may

in situations

not be essential to

nately soon accommodates itself to the ordinary routine of culture that

varieties

where the mean temperature

its

its

welfare,

tribe receive in

it

foitu-

England,

Two

still

have flowered at Knyperslcy (the one in August, the other in October 1840), each bearing four

young and weak, but they have subsequently attained to a vigour

doubt they will eventually produce the full complement of flo^^ers, which, in

flowers on a spike, the plants being then

of growth that leaves

native specimens,

is

little

sometimes not

less

than eight!

* Supra.

Tab. sv.

When
(Tab.

this plant first

XXIL),

arrived,

it

was universally supposed

to

be identical with

OnckUum

Inslemji

a mistake which might naturally arise out of the exact similarity between the pseudo-bulbs

and leaves of the two species and truly it must be regarded as a remarkable fact, that a habit so peculiar
should be possessed in common by two plants producing such totjdly different flowers. In characterizing
;

the habit as " peculiar," w^e wish to be understood to allude to the glaucous aspect of the pseudo-bulbs and
leaves, and to the minute black dots which cover the under surface of the latter, for there is nothinc^ in the

mere form of

either that

is

not of constant occurrence

Not content with ransacking

among

tropical Orchidacece.*

Guatemala

Mr. Skinner has lately been

scouring the coast in quest of shells, and an ample harvest would seem to have awaited him among other
rarities he succeeded in obtaining numerous specimens of the beautiful shell that appears below, and which
was met with in tolerable plenty on the shores of the Pacific. It belongs to the curious genus Venus, and
the interior of

for plants,

although not
in

its

new

to conchologists,

is

but seldom to be seen in their collections, in

zenith the colours exhibit a pretty combination of lilac

When

m-

lacessit."

* After what has been stated of the close similitude between the two plants, certain of our friends
.

perfect state.

and white.

31-' -h

"nemo me impune

its

Indeayi, must not be surprised to see them producing flowers of Odonloglosmm grande.

who have

received from us bulbs of Oncidimn

fr

.^-^r.

M:~ WiXhsr^

dl^

Jif^

EFID^I^HDMFII

Tul^dy J.RLdff^cLs

AldDIIF

k Sansje9 B^cadzEy. SssC 1&40.

Sau/^-

<zl^^

?.i

Tab XXV.

EPIDENDRUM ALOIFOLIUM
ALOE-LEAVED' EPIDENDRUM.
EpfDENDRUM

aloifolium; rhizomate repente parce folioso, caulibus brevibus monophyllis, fioribus

3-5 longe-pedicellatis ex axillo

folii

lanceolatis acuminatis explanatis

longiore setaceo

From a

columna

ovato-lanceolati crassissimi prodeuntibus sopalis pctali^que conformibus

labelli

alte trilobi lobis

lateralibus

acinaciformibus, intermedio paulo

labello connate.

Ruizoma proceed the short, round, sUglithj incrcissated Stems, each

Leaves exceeding Ig flesh g, ovate-lanceolate, channelled, sharp -pointed, from

stout creeping

bearing a single

leaf.

a foot and a half or two feet long, in their wild state hanging down from the branches
of trees. From the axil of the leaves, and protected at the base with two or three short acuminate
Bracts, issue from three to five Flowers, supported on Pediceils of nearlg five inches in length.
Sepals and Petals similar in form, lanceolate, acnte, spread completelg open, of an olive green
colour, about two inches long.
Lip united with the upper part of the column, deeplg three-lobcd^ the
lateral lobes scimitar -shaped, pure white, rather shorter than the intermediate one, which is sharp
and bristle -shaped, and tipped with green at its extremitg ; at the base of the Up appear two large
Column white, rather club-shaped, short and thick,
oval glandular proces.^es, of a yellow colour.
a foot

to

excavated at

Ie

its

apex, where

is

situate the yellow

Anther.

habit alone were to be taken as a guide, the singular plant represented on the opposite page

would

never have been placed in the genus Epideudvum, to which, nevertheless, it undoubtedly belongs. The
only known species to which it bears even die slightest resemblance in its mode of growth is E. falcatum,
but the leaves of the latter are
the flowers of the

characters
in

may

E. falcatum

two species

be relied upon.
it

and much

shorter.

There

is

also

some degree of

similarity in

but, independently of the difference of their colours, the following distinctive

more than double the length of the

E. aloifolium the lateral and middle lobes of

In E. aloifolium the pedicell

scarcely exceeds them.

are nearly equal; in

E.

less crassular,

E. falcatum

Again, in

the middle

is

is

sepals;

the lip

twice the length of the sides.

by Mr. Ross, by whom it was sent to Mr. Barker, and

It is a plant of
Springfield our drawing was made in the winter of 1839.

aloifolium was discovered near Xalapa

from a plant that flowered

at

easy culture.

kind of sea-weed, found with the

shells figured

* Supra.

under Odontoglossum grande, forms the Vignette.

Tab. X.

li

^ !
\

M?.-^ ./oTLC

^dyyardj del

Jf.

(D)]BM,AI.IA

J]j)]B(I])i^A

Iui?^by JFadgway &S0TLSJ6S Ikcai&Ej,

Jh'Uid 5/

-^

^anrt

S^rJd4'

(j-aiLCL.

Iztk

26,

Tab

XXVI.

SOBRALIA* DECORA:
PRETTY SOBRALIA.
Tribus:

SoBUALiA, FL Periw.

EPIDENDRE^.^Lindley.
Perianthium maximum, petaloideum, subaequale;

Labellum cucullatum, columnam

sepalis patcntibus vol reflexis, petalis erectis.

Cobimna

amplexans, basi angustatum, disco plicato-barbatum, apice bilobum.

lobo medio cucullato antherifero.

elongata, marginata, clavata, apicis

trifidi

marginatum, basi gibbere gemino

nectarifcro.

Anthera terminalis,

Stigma
semi-

stipitata,

Pollinia farinacca, 4, eompressa, postice coha^rentia et contortu-

quadriloeuraris.

^rierl)a3 Americana? a^qtiinoctialcs, terrestres, simplices, ssepe

])lieata, ecaudiculata.^

triorgyales, foliosissimtc

plicatisj floribus racemosis terminalibus, vel axil-

roseis, sanguineis, violaceisve, s^epius speciocissimis.

laribus,

niveis,

species

loea rupestria,

Lindh Gen.

formantes.

foliis

sicca,
"

aprica,

cali(bssima eligunt,

dumeta

Omnes
sa^pe

fere

ampla

Spe. Orch, p. 176.

SojiiiALiA decora; radicibus dense fasciculutis, caulibus brevibus

plicatis

floribus solitariis cernuis

patentibus, sepalis petalisque latioribus brevioribus explanatis, lanceolatis acutis apicibus retiexis, labello

obovato crispo medio lamellato niarginibus

Hahitat

in

Guatemala.

dilatatis crispis.

Skinnkk.
33c0crtptton

Roots

Stems from one to two feet

hairs.
Leaves lanceolate, acumi-

very nnmerons, Jfcslnj, hmidled together in Imge masses.

and

part covered, tltOKgh not thichhj, tvith small

Flowers solitary, produced in succession from the sicollen
nate, plicated, ahovt six inches long.
Sepals an inch and a half long, lanceolate,
extremities of the stems, lasting only a single day.
Petals broader and shorter than the sepals,
acnte, curved Imckwards, of a faint Ulacish ichite.
Lip cucullate,
curved only at the extremities, white fused into rose-colour down their centre.
ohovate, curled at the margin, which is also bent onticards,~an inch and a half long, externally of
rose-colotcr, in the inside along the disk prettily streaked with yellow, and provided also with
numerous small lanullce, which traverse it longitudinally. Column almost concealed by the lip,
an inch long, and at its apex, tvhich is three-cleft, bearing a yellow Anther.
high, leafg,

The

in

present

is

the second Sohralia that has flowered in

European

collections, but although a pretty

by no means an adequate representative of the splendid genus to which it belongs,

It is to be hoped, however,
containing, as does the latter, several of the most showy plants in the order.
that the flowers of some of these will shortly adorn our stoves, into which t^^ o of the very fmest, S. macrantha

and

interesting- plant,

it is

and S. rUiastrum, have already found

their

way.

And

fortunately, whatever dithculties

may

introduction of the species of this lovely genus, none are experienced in their cultivation, as they

* So called by the authors of

tlie

Flora Peruviana, after

Don

Francisco Martin Sobral, a botanist of their acquaintance,

attend the
all

appear

quite at

home, potted

appliances than what

either in peat or

may

sandy loam, or even suspended

on their importation, they are often found

taken was hung up in

this

any kind was permitted

either shoots or flowers.

medium

be obtained tln-ough the

manner

to

for nearly

in the stove Avith

no

of the dense masses of tieshy roots, with which,

be well pro\ided.*"

The specimen from which

two years, and not a particle of moss,

soil,

is

whole of the time, and yet there was no lack of

Subsequent experiments, however, go to prove that aUhough Sohrnlias may be

to touch the roots throughout the

in a house of moderate temperature,

to suit a race of plants that are

is

the plate

or covering of

readily cultivated in various ways, yet under no circumstance do they succeed so perfectly as

S. decora

otlier aids or

and potted

in

sandy loam,

conditions

that

when grown

might naturally be expected

almost confined to the defiles of the Andes and Cordilleras.

a native of Guatemala, from whence

it

was

originally sent to

Knypersley by

JMr.

Skina

ku.

blooms in the autumn for weeks together, throwing up a succession of blossoms, each of which lasts only
In the form of
a peculiarity that unfortunately characterizes all the species of the genus.
a single day
the flower, ;S'. decora approaches a Brazilian species {S. sessiUs) that has recendy been figured in the
It

" Botanical Register," but the colours are different, as are also the habit and aspect of the two plants
S. decora beini>; of slender growth, with its leaves and stems of a greenish hue and nearly smooth, while
S. sessUis has a stout and robust character, and

so thickly covered with dark hairs as to have quite a

is

purplish cast.
J

The

who

beautiful drawing

from which die plate

is

engraved was most kindly made by Miss

Edmards,

has been highly successful in her portraiture of the plant.

The Vignette

represents a

woman

of Guatemala attired in one of the most becoming of the

many

costumes of diat country.

/^

" If

had such a

Were

full as

tire, this

lovely as

is

face of

mine

this of her's,'^

Shakspeare.

* If no plants of Sobralia were ever packed with a view to a passage across the seas, except such as have the large masses of roots described
above, or in any other than the dry season,

we should

not have so continually to deplore

tlieir

death on the voyage.

Fi

'}'

X.-.

:-'

^i-

Ml'

}m^L^.rs,

--

}r

dl^

^^

(OriSA

MAIRTIAXAo

hihfhy J.Bzdg'^a>f ^ Som, I69,Iicoadz/ty^

J^nnifd^ bj J"

f?Hi>ci'

Dsc.^

IML

G-aiwz.

''Jz?h

XXVII.

Tab

ST4NH0PEA MARTI ANA

VON MARTTUS' STANHOPEA.

SiANuopiiA Martiana ;

foliis

ovalibus acutis racemo paucitloro longioribus, sepalis petalisque paulo

angustioribus ovatis obtusis, hypochilio brevi

saccato utrinque cornubus maximis porrectis apice

sessili

cirrhosis sub-incurvis instructo, epichilio oblongo la?vigato obscure 3-dentato apice subretlexo cornubus

subclavatae marginibus

hypocliilii breviore vel subaequali, coluninie

parum

Batcman

dilatatis.

in

Bot.

Reg. Misc. 1840. 109.

Habitat

Kakwinski, Galeottl.

Mexico.

in

Se$cnptiom
Pseudo-bulbs similar to those of other StauJiopeas, bearing solitary, oval, acute Leaves.
Scape much shorter than the leaves^ hearing two or three very large and heautiftd Flowers.
Sepals verg broad, obtuse, straw-coloured, f^paringly viarked with clusters of little vinous dots;
TALS narrower
rich spots
sessile,

of the deepest crimson, especially near

saccate,

into cirrhi,

and armed, on

tlte

of transparent whiteness, with large and

titan the sepals, and, like them, obtuse,

either side,

The lower portion of

their base.

upper part oblong, obscurely

CoL UMN sprinkled

NATIVE

Knypersley, where

'^-toothed, slightly reflexed at the apex,

over with innumerable dots, its

of Mexico, discovered by Baron

it

flowered, for the

first

It is a

is

short,

Up

time, in ]\lay, 1840.

in 1827,

uniformly of a pure

More

and by him communicated

recently

Richard Harrison,

and beauty, but appearing

species of great interest

is

and somewhat

membranous edges but slightly dilated.

Karwinski,

ance, and in high perfection, in the collection of Air.

M. Galeottt.

Llp

with very large horns, which are twisted at the extremities

shorter than the horns; excepting a slight discoloration at the base, the

ivory white.

the

to

it

to

has

made

whom

it

its

to

appear-

was sent by

much disadvantage

in a

drawing, which, however accurate, can convey but an inadequate idea of the peculiar lustre and trans-

parency of

its

The

colours.

twisted into slender

singular

ciri'hi, will at

manner

in

once distinguish

which the extremities of the huge uncouth horns are

this

from

all

other species of the genus.

In cultivation

it

requires no particular

The

many

specific

management.

name of Martiana

courtesies bestowed

is

given to

upon the Author by

this beautiful

plant in grateful acknowledgment of the

the distinguished Professor of

Botany

at

Munich.

>

\
^-^

-J

i
*

.'

//^

'1=

it

i^

^i

!.''

.^
iV

ff^

.^

'

.If.

.IC" Wil}wrs.

dcl^-

B A

m. IK

mIA

1.1^

Tubf-by J.BjJ^y^o.y ScSoi^, 163,PfxoadiIIy, DffcTJSSj.

T^atZ

ij J^

(jaiLci'.

IE

YAK A

Gaucv. luh'.

Tab XXVIII.

-^x

BARKERIA* LINDLEYANA
LINJDLEY S BARKERIA.
Tribus:

BARKERIA.
Sepala

Knowles

Sf

EPIDENDRE^. Lindley.

Westcott, Floral Cab,

t.

4:9,~Lmdl Bot. Reg. Misc.

57.

1840.

membranacea patentissima.
Labellum
planum, integerrimum, columnar adpressiim.
Columna petaloidea.
Anthera
petala sequalia,

et

libera,

scptorum marginibus membranaceis. Pollinia 4, caudiculis

reflexis, per paria connatis.
Herbae epiphyta^, caulescentes.

4-locularis3 carnosa,

totidem ligulatis

Pedunculi caulibus longiores,

graciles, squamati, terminales apice racemosi.

Flores

speciosi nutantes.

Barkeria Lindleyana ;

foliis

ovalibus acutis, bracteis linearibus pedunculo multo brevioribus, labello

exactc oblongo apiculato bicarinato carina altera sub apice interjecta, unguiculato piano basi columnee
adnato, columna clavat4 alata apice tridentata immaculata.

Habitat

in

Costa Rica.

Skinner.
iBesicriptiom

hut large and fleshg. Stems three or four inches high, surmounted hg a few
Peduncle about a foot high,
crassular, oval, sharp -pointed Leaves, inclining to he glaucous.
Sepazs and Petals linear-lanceolate, nearlg equal, and disposed
invested with linear Reacts.

Roots few

same plane, of a rosy purplish

in the

colour.

Lip

nearlg an inch long, exactly oblong,

and rounded

at each end, terminated in front hy a small mucro, and abruptly narrowed at the base into a short
unguis, united to the base of the column ; it is of a still deeper and richer hue than the petals, with
a beauty-spot of white shaded into rose-colour near its centre; two ridges traverse its centre, and
terminate near the point of the Up with a third, hut much shorter, intervening. Column slightly
The Anther is sunk within these three teeth,
winged, wedge-shaped, and ^-toothed at the point.

and

is

depressed in the middle, while elevated at each side

en-mosses
J) oil

A
B.

are located, each with a

SECOND

species of

R. Lindleyana

Rarhcria has

at length

be cultivated with the most perfect facihty

perfection for the unusual period of two months.

So called

made

its

iqjon

it.

cells,

Lindl.

appearance, not

I.

in

which as

many

c.

less attractive

than the rare

In addition to the singular beauty and delicacy of

its

has the advantage of a more tractable disposition than the original species, and

may

containing four

powdery strap bent hack

elegans on which the genus was founded.

colouring

;-f-

its

flowers, too, are freely produced,

and continue in

in Iionour

of George Barker, Esq., of Springfield, near Birmingham, one of the most ardent and successful collectors of Orchidaceous

elct^ans

amon*"" the

Epiphytes.

f Barkeria
accomplish.

is

most

refractory of the tribe.

To

maintain

it

alive

is all

that the

utmost

skill

of the cultivator

is

usually able to

B.

Lindlcijana inhabits

thickets of Costa Rica,

tlie

excursion along the coasts of the Pacific

but

it

where

would seem

to

it

the kindness of

accompanjdng drawing was made by Mrs. AYithehs.

does not require a great degree of heat, but appears quite at

Neither will

it

it

delights to thrust

are already in English collections

Coming from the mild

home in a temperature

attempts to induce

it

its little

Skinxer,

the

shores of the Pacific,

of

little

more than

it

60.

Skixxer's

to tiower

Other species of Barlieria

native country " Flor de Izabal," is a

store of fleshy roots.

one in particular, called in

plant of great beauty, and through IMr.

all

INIr.

succeed in broken peat, but prefers a mixture of small sticks and twigs, into wdiich, after

the fashion of a true air-plant,

tunately

an

in

November, 1841, w^hen

species w^as added to the collection at Knypersley in 1839, but did not tlower until
the

Skixxee

be a scarce plant, having never been met

Through

with but on that occasion, and then only to a small extent.

by Mr.

Avas discovered

its

liberality, has

been extensively

distributed, but unfor-

have hitherto proved unavailing.

Amono' the varied labours of the distinguished Botanist to whom" the present Barheria is dedicated,
Not only Avas he the
his researches into the vast and intricate family of Orchidaceae stand pre-eminent.
but he was the first, also, to
first to call public attention to the extent and attractions of the tribe
reduce into harmony, and refer to their proper genera, the confused multitude of species of which it was
;

composed.

The manner

less of the cultivator

may

in

which he executed

than the botanist

this difHcult task

affords another

to the gratitude not

a new pleasure.

and familiar example of the conchoiogy of

the Pacific.

.-

ii

him

entitle

extending, as he did, the views of the one, while to the other he

almost be said to have introduced that greatest of rarities

The Vignette

must ever

on the wave-wom bank

lie

lay,

Stretch'd forth, and panting in the sunny ray/'

Pope.

fL ^.

M^ WUher.j,

M. Gauoi.

del:

^CI33)IirM I^ CJJJi'^TYl
lUfiy J. PMiv^a^ ScSon^^jeS I^rMMlyJjec^ k
J^riflZ^ ?i

."

Gauj^

luk'.

Tab.

NC

XXIX.

D 1 1 M'

N CL RVU

INCURVED ONCIDIUM.
OxciDiUM

tricostatis diphyllis, foliis

ensiformibus

acutis, scapo elongato racemoso-paniculato, sepalis lineari-lanceolatis undiilatis liberis, petalis

conformibus

incurvum ; pseudo-bulbis ovatis ancipitibus utrinque

incurvis, labelli laciniis lateralibus rotundati^ nanis intermedia subrotunda

pressa dimidia inferiore lineata superiore tricostata, columntl aptera.

Habitat

in

Mexico.

concava acuta,

Lindley

in

crista ovata de-

Bot. Reg. Misc.

Vili:.

1840.

Barker, Lee.
i3^j5criptfon*

Pseudo-bulbs

ovate, compressed at the edges, deeply furrowed,

hearing ttco or three rather short, acvte, ensiform Leaves.

Scape

about an inch and a half high..,

slender, rising to the height

of

and upwards, branched (simply) at lax intervals throughout almost its entire length.
Sepals and Petals nearly etpial, linear -lanceolate, waved at their margin, tvhite, elegantly blotched
and spotted with lilac, shorter than the Petioles, which are an inch long. Lip three-lobed, the
lateral lobes dwarf rounded^ the intermediate one mncronate, sub-rotimd, hollow, with a cre.st of
which the lower half is depressed and thi'own into lines, ichile the upper consists of three elevated
three feet

Column

ribs.

An
ample

destitute

of

elegant addition to the genus Oncidiwn, for which ^^e are indebted to Mr.

collection at Springfield

O.

proper haunts.

flowered for the

when

first

O. ornitliorhynchum (figured at Tab. IV. of

less extensively diffused

and the colour of

carefully examined.

this

than the latter species, and

in -sYhose

work),

much
exists

is

a native of

rarer even in

its

between the two

is

also the structure of the

Lima and

other towns on the shores

their flowers are perfectly distinct, as

Both are of

Barker,

time in the early part of 1840.

In the general aspect of their flowers a certain degree of similarity

plants, but their habit

An

it

inciij'vum, like its nearest ally

Mexico, but apparently much

latter

icings.

the easiest culture.

elegant manufactui'e in gold and silver filigree

is

carried on at

of the Pacific, of which the butterfly delineated in the Vignette affords a pleasing example.

Supra sub. Tab.

I.

n.3o

Jfy'j

JjraM

M.
del^'

'J

IH

M F

"IR

^C IK

d
FuA:- by j\J\ul^way

^r

& SonsJffS PicA-A^dJJy Df^T JMl

3-tfUifJ.h

(la^u/Cb

I p^ I

(lauoi, (^Sb

XXX.

Tab

SCHOMBURGKIA TIBICINIS
TRU3IPETERS SCHOMBURGKIA.
Tribus:

EPIDENDREiE. Lindley.

SCHOMBURGKIA.
Si

LindL

Serf. Orch. sub Tab. x.

A et petala conformia, patentia, omnino libera, basi sequalia. Labclkim

mcmbranacelim, trilobum, cucullatum, basi cum margine columnar con-

diflforme,

natum, supra basin tumidum (intrusum) venis lamellatis.

Columna marginata.
Pollinia octp.
Rhizoma repens, annulatum, pseudo-bulbigerum. Folia coriacea.
Scapi terminales vaginati, longissimi.
Bractese spathaceae.
Herba? epiphytal'
:

Amcricae a^quinoctialis, floribus speeiosis, racemosis, congestis.

SciiOiiBUiiGKiA

tibicinis

conicis corniformibus

pseudo-bulbis

annulatis sulcatis 3-phyllis,

foliis

oblongis coriaceis patcntibus, scapo longissimo tcrcti di^tanter squamato apice paniculate, panicula pyra-

midali laxitlora, sepalis petalisque undulatis crispis, labello oblongo venis per
matis

laciniis lateralibus apice rotundatis

medium 5

elevatis approxi-

intermedia subrliombea emarginata, anthera emarginata.

LindL

Bot. Reg. Misc. 119. 1841.

Epidendrum

Habitat

tibicinis,

Bateman

in Bot. Reg. Misc. 12.

in Ilondiiras, passim.'

1838.

Skinner.
Sejscrfptiom

Stems

tapering, Iwlloiv, deephj

fnr voiced, from

long, bearing three or four broad, oblong,

a foot
leathery Leaves, six

to

afoot and a half or even two

Flower-stem

inches long.

feet

terniinal,

upright, terete, very long, occasionally reaching the height of ten feet, at its extremity producing a
Spike of about twenty floicers; mmdly it is simple, but occasionally, as is represented in the figure,
sUghtlg branched. Flowers two inches and a half across, ojjening in succession. Sepals and

Petals

nearly equal, very much curled, upwards of an inch long, dark chesnut brown inside, and
dirty purple without. Lip three-lobed, the lateral divisions roimded at their extremities, the middle
one much smaller, somewhat of a rhomboideal form, emarginate; the whole of the inside of the lip is
white, with the exception of the edges, which are beaut ifidly pencilled ivith crimson, andfice elevated
yellow ridges, that pass along its centre. Column ichitish brown, tipped with an emarginate

Anther.

llIIS

striking plant

is

a native of Honduras, where

it

exists in great

abundance;

though more rarely, in Oaxaca and Caraccas.

it

is

also found,

Mr. Skinner was the fu'st to discover it; his attention

having been attracted, at a considerable distance, by a cluster of its lofty flower-spikes, which, when in fall
blow, and in the dense masses that the plant produces in its wild state, must be very conspicuous.
On
the occasion in question, its original discoverer was not permitted to obtain quiet possession of his prize, as
swarms of fiery ants, to which the hollow stems of the species afford a snug retreat, issued forth in thousands
to repel the spoiler, and inflicted pangs which none but the most ardent naturalist would have braved.
* So called in honour of JI. Scliomburjrk, die celebrated traveller in Guiana.

The

original

specimen reached Knyperslej- as early as 1S3G, but made no attempt

spring of 1840. "when the spike, after attaining the length

Sir

Thomas Aclaxu was more

fortunate,

and

in the

The

a most characteristic representation.

species

it
is

several feet,

was unluckily broken

otF.

ensuing summer had the satisfaction of flowering

the species in higli perfection in his garden at Killerton.

meeting of the Horticultural Society, from whence

ol'

to flower until the

The

spike then produced was exhibited at a

passed into the hands of the

less bright in its

artist,

who has

furnished

colouring than was expected, but no

and perhaps some of these may as far surpass the subject of the plate as others
certainly fall short of it; among the latter may be ranked one that flowered at Knypersley last year (1841),
the blossoms of which were much paler, and in all respects inferior to those of the figure.
doubt many varieties

exist,

most manageable species of the untractable genus to which it beloniis. Suspension on a block of wood, in a hot and damp situation, appears to be the condition most congenial to its
In cultivation

this is the

gTo^\th, but a season of rest

succeeds the best,

The

it

necessary to induce

it

to flower.

Yet even

in the collections

where

it

has been already shown, turn to good account the long hollow stems of this

another purpose to which they are applied

seen sounding with

Indian child

is

extremities.

His companions emulate

are interrupted

it

lacks the vigour exhibited in imported specimens.

ants of Honduras, as

singular plant

is

all

his
his

may be

gathered from the Vignette, where an

might " an echoing horn," formed by merely cutting off the

musical ardour, but in their attempts to possess the jnateriel

by a catastrophe.

In such request are these vegetable trumpets among the Avild urchins of Honduras, that the plant
yielding them is called " the trumpet-plant,"
an epithet that has suggested its specific name.

A'^'S?^ ;\

**MAGN1S TAMEN FIXCIDIT

AUfilis/'

//..y.

^j

M^'' ruJterr

ri^l

M T

I
cC

Fob.

by-

J^/^Adgway

& Sons, I6S. Ficaidilfy JuA' 1^4<f

J^.f-^i by

r '^OiU^

(fdU/"^

^i^v

Tab XXXI.

QE V
SMOOTH-LIPPED

CHYSIS.*

simulantia.

CIIYSTS.

Llndlcf/ hi Bot. Rey,

mh.

t.

1937.

paulo connata patula; lateralia pedi producto columnao adnata et calcar

Labellnm trilobum, patuluni, veiiis basi
Petala scpalis confovmia.

Columna marginata, canaliculata

glabra. Pollinia 8 in laminam lutcam

callosis.
laris,

S:

EPIDENDRE.^1 Lindley.

Tribus:

Sepala

Anthera subrotuiida opercu-

miitica.

semifiisa

quataor exterioribus tenuibus

quatuor intcriora crassiora abscondentibus. Rostellum laminatum convexum.

Herbte epiphytie occidcntales ab arboribns pondnlse, caulibus incrassatis, foliis
nervosis basi vaginantibus, racemis lateralibus multifloris.

Chysis

lateralibus
Icevis; bracteis brevibus ovatis pedicclli longitacline, sepalo dorsali lineari-oblongo

acuminatis, petalis falcatis, labclli lobis lateralibus falcatis apice rotundatis supra colurnnam convergentibus
parallelis lateralibus
glabcrrimis
carnosis
lamellis
5
emarginato
subrotundo
crispo
membranaceo
intermedio
L'nidl. Bot.

minoribus, columna basi alt6 excavata,

Habitat

in

Mexico.

Reg. 1840,

misc. 130.

Ross.
IDe^ctiption*

duh-shaped, a foot long, pendulom. Leaves shorter than the stem, waved, plicated,
scales at the
the
sheathing
among
evolved
pendulous,
from
Racemes
acuminate.
ovate-lanceolate,
The vpper
base of the stem. Bracts short, two or three on the stem, to which they closely adhere.

Stems

Sepal

is

linear - oblon g

the lateral ones acuminate,

upwards of an inch

Petals falcate^

long.

lateral
three-lobed,^fhe
Lip
bright
yellow.
a
them
of
about the same
the middle lobe roundish,
the
ends;
rounded
at
and
being
falcate
column,
over
the
tchich
fold
lobes,
elevated
parallel
smooth
icith
perfectly
emarginate,
slightly
edges,
five
the
at
curled
very much
is yellow, icith
the
Up
colour
the
being
the
smallest);
plates
of
(the
side
base
at
the
plates, confluent
size as the sepals,

orange dots

and

and

lilie

streaks distributed about the dish.

Column

deeply hollowed at

its base.

Mr. Barker's
by
Mexico
This,
habit than
robust
more
has
a
It
1840.
in
freely
tlowered
it
where
Springfield,
collector, and by him sent to
in more conspicuous racemes.
produced
and
larger,
are
also
dowers
;
its
braetescens
aurea or C.
the Imest species of a most singular genus,

was discovered

in

either C.

they are,
in the stove
suspended
be
require
to
habit,
pendulous
of
a
naturally
All the species, being
flowers, pretty
bunches
of
for
the
cultivator,
to
the
than
botanist
the
interest
to
however, objects of g^'reater
;

they spring
which
from
stems
unwieldy
huge
to
the
proportion
of
sort
bear
no
though they be,

moreover, for only

a short time.

So called from

Xvy.f, a melting

the pollen-masses being as

it

were fused together. I. indl. Bot. Reg.

t.

\9S7.

they

last,

In illustration of the singular structure of this genus, it may be interesting to quote Professor Lind ley's
observations in the " Botanical Txegister/' under the head of C. aurea (on which the genus
was founded),
but which are equally applicable to the more recent species
:

"

The

pollen-mosses consist of two yellow plates placed side by side in the bed of the
anther, united at the back,
and slightly notched on the outer edge, so that it is, in reality, four-lobed, the lobes being extremely
unequal each lobe
has a thickened margin, and, rising up, ovedies and conceals four other lobes of a thicker
texture and smaller size, two of
;

which

from the back and two from the front of the inner edge of the principal lobes
of the plates above described.
This remarkable structure may be theoretically described as being equivalent to eight
pollen-mosses, of which the straps
of connection, such as exist in all Lpideiidrece, are run together into two plates,
from the expansion of the edges of which
the pollen-mosses appear to spring."
{Siih. t. 1937, Bol. Reg. 1810.)
arise

Crosses similar to the one introduced below are of frequent occurrence in various
districts of Mexico

and Guatemala.

<^f

.1

Mify DrjJo^

M Gaw^y,

d&L'

IE

FB

II
A^/

.^r

E M

F
./

Rid^m^-

&

Sons, 1i- FiccutiJIy

TrjM?^

'hy

T -^zu^.-.

IT

JuJmJUZ.

<[

zl

k^

32

Tab.

XXXII.

EPIDENDRUM ERUBESCENS
BLUSHING EPIDENDRUM.

E, erubescens; caulibus brevibus

5-plo brevioribus.

Sepalis

(?) foliosis, foliis

ovali-lanceolatis,

pctalis

ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis panicula laxa multiflorfi

latioribus

spatiilatis

labelli

lateralibus

lobis

trilobi

rotundatis intermedio multo majore reniformi.

Habitat

in

Oaxacd, Karwinski;

Mexico^ Galeotti.

in

i3^5crtptuim

Stems probably

Panicle

incJies long.

and a half

and bearing but few

the spatulate

terminal, ^mially compound,

the flowers.

Petals.

Sepals

Lip about

one, which is Iddney -shaped,

Cultivators

-svlll

the

same length as the

Miss

and when

Drake

and half an

to the

It

of a foot

Royal Herbarium

has ventured to portray them

was accordingly made a

to

Kauwinski's

fortunate, but the plants

us hope that as

column at

the size

at

this

superb Epidendrum

at present

apex,

in less attractive

independently of

to Paris have,
its

of the easiest growth, renewed exertions will be

it

its

is

to

retreat.

still

may have

to introduce

it

retain

finest plants

Hartweg

Signer

been, there
its

nor Ross (who

Galeotti was more

be feared, entirely perished.

into our stoves.

of

who have been

beauty, belongs to a section of the genus which

made

only

hues than those in which

which they belong may take rank among the very

succeeded in discovering

known

faded,

special object in the instructions of the various collectors

steps)

its

of the intermediate

The dowers, although

Munich.

been arrayed

is

but whatever their precise colouring

which he transmitted

this species,

much narrower than

sepals, united to the

sent from time to time to ransack the forest treasures of Oaxaca, but neither
closely followed

Pedi-

inch long.

fresh could scarcely have

can be no doubt that the species

tribe.

tico or three

rising to the height

and rounded, and not half

be disappointed to leam that

by dried specimens belonging

tint,

and sometimes

Leaves,

nearly an inch long, oval-lanceolate,

three-lobed, the lateral lobes being short

a rosy

ovate-lanceolate acmiiinate

bearing a multitude of large flowers, supposed to be of a rosy hue thronghout.

CELLS longer than

and

short,

But
is

let

usually

//.
^Rlffl

",.

^>

-^

M
Mys

Dr.'ih^

del^

ARKE

jR I

S F

lLj

TAB

M)^hy

-.f

liuujW'V/

& Sam. 16-9 TuTnjiiUjf,

i-if-frd

Jy

/'.

''JT^

Jii^\

m^

tioii^i,

Wk

JJ

Tab XXXIII

BARKERIA* SPECTABILIS
SHEWY BARKERIA,
Barkeria

spectahilis; caulibus brevibus foliosis 2-4 phyllis racemo laxo multifloro subvqualibus
sepahs hneari-lanceolatis, petalis ovatis acuminatis, labello
ovato-lanceolato tricarinato.

Habitat

Stems

in

Guatemala.

Skinner, Hartweg.

In Mexico.

Kar

A\-

INS K I

cylindrical,

four or Jive inches high, each of which hears two to four fleshy, lanceolate,
acute Leaves, separated from each other by intervals
of about an inch. Raceme rising out of
some brown dry sheaths, hearing from three to twelve most lovely nodding blossoms. The
expanded
Flowers are nearly three inches and a half wide, their colour is bright lilac. The Sepals are
linear 'lanceolate; the

and

Petals

and unspotted; hut the Lip is white at the base

and richly marked with small blood-red spots. Along

ovate-lanceolate

in the middle, lilac at the edge

and

point,

below the column, are five pnrple lines, which pass into three elevated colourless ridges,
beyond the place where the anther touches the lip.LindL Bot. Reg. Misc. 45, 1842.
its iniddle,

illlS

Barkeria has been frequently received from Mexico and Guatemala, but the plants
were almost invariably infested by the deadly white scale (too well known to cultivators), and, after lingering
a few seasons, pined and died.
Some noble specimens, collected by Mr. Hartweg, and received under
more favourable auspices by the Horticultural Society, were the first to flower, and from one of these the
beautiful

accompanying
Cheltenham,

to

figure

whom

was obtained
the species

May, 1842, in the Society's garden at Chiswick. Mrs. "Wray, of

was sent by Mr. Skinner, has also succeeded in tlowerin*^ it in hioh
in

perfection, the secret of her success being obviously the comparatively moderate temperature maintained in her
sto\'es, and which appears to be exactly adapted to the Orchidaceai of the more elevated districts
of Guatemala.

Baskets

filled

with moss, or blocks of wood, are found to be most congenial to the roots of

this

Barkeria

in peat they perish directly.

In the monster below, disinterred by Mr.

Skinner

near Istapa,

prepossessing specimen of the sculpture of the early ]\Iexicans.

by Mrs.

Randle

It

we have

by no means
was most kindly drawn for this work
another, but

AVilbaiiari.
*

^^

* Barkeria

-^-r---

S2ipra sub.

Tab,

XXVIIL

II.
'

V.
-

i%

-t

>

Jf

E F

<!

IE)

IR

i^
ndfhyJ-

F
& Sojf'iS.

J63, Fi/mdARy, July.

Tru-^jl ly r.^^rt^.

IL

184-2,

XA K

M F M

Gazia,

ii^

XXXIV.

Tab.

EPIDENDRUM POLYANTHUM:
MANY-FLOWERED EPIDENDRUM.

E. pohjantlium;

foliis distichis ovali-Ianccolatis

acuminatis, caule ramoso racemis plurimis multifloris

cernuis basi spathaceis sepalis ovato-lanceolatis acutis striatis petalis linearibus reflexis, labelli trilobi lobis
lateralibus ovatis dimidiatis denticulatis

intermedio lineari retuso disco tricostato. ii/;c//. Gen. et Spe.

Orchid. lOG.

Epidendrum polystachium, Pavon MSS.

Habitat

in

Mexico, Pavon; in Guatemala,

Hartweg.

e^ctiptiom

Stems from
lanceolate,
leafves,

one to three feet long,

acuminate Leaves, about

than a goose-quill, hearing several distichous, oval,

six inches long.

At

its

upper extremity the stem

hut amphj furnished with large inflated, sheathing, sharp-pointed

numerous many flowered Racemes.

points, orange-coloured.

Lip

tliiclier

Petals

Sepals

Bracts, from

ovate, or inclining to ohovate,

and

shorter than the sepals,

narrow as

so

attached to the dipper extremity of the column, three-lohed

is clestittite

the

of

ichich issue

with rather sharp

to rcsemhle fine hairs.

lateral lohes divided,

and

someichat scimitar -shaped, not so hroad as the intermediate lohe, of which the margins are p7'essd

inwards in such a manner as to present the appearance of two teeth; a three-rihbed process
at the junction of the column with the lip; the latter
ttoice the

is

a rich orange

colour.

Column

is

situate

stipitate,

length of the Up.

This

pretty

Epidendrum, although long

since

known

to botanists

specimens in Lambert's herbarium, has but lately been seen in

for the first time in INIessrs.

Loddiges's

collection,

this

from Pavon's description and the

country in a living

and afterwards

in the

state.

As

the cultivated plants have not exhibited the vigour and beauty of the native specimens

; a

that

whom

may be

established.

it

was

sent

from Guatemala by

attributed to their tender age,

They grow

freely

their zealous collector,

and which

will

tiowered

garden of the Horticultural

Mr. Hartweg.

Society, to

It

yet,

however,

circumstance

probably cease when they are more fully

under ordinary treatment in a moderate temperature.

FL 35.

?^
-.^

'\

\>

M:' WUiuTs,

dd>'

M
ff

A X

JL

A
Tuh^by

M. I

J Rid^woj' ScSoiis, 169, I^^^xijMy,

I'-az^iPd

If T. Oiiii^

July 1642

Y^
j:s-

G-awx- utk'

Tab XXXV.

MAXILLAEIA SKINNERI
SKINNERS 3IAXILLARIA.

MR.

Tribus:

MAXILLARIA.*

Florks

Flora.

Penw,

VANDEiE. Lindley.

Proclr.

t.

^5.Lijcastef Lindl. in Bot. Reg.

ringentes, petalis saepius dissimilibus, in mentuin breve producti.

Labellum medio appendice transvcrso carnoso integro

Columna

elongata, scmiteres,

angusta^ elongatae adnata

pseudobulbosa?,
speciosi bractea

M. Skinneri;

saepius

glandula parva subrotunda

Scapi radicales,

plicatis.

foliis

magna spathacea

emarginato auctum.

v.

Pollinia 4, per paria caudiculae

pilosa.

rostello subulato.

erecti,

pseudo-bulbis subrotundo-ovatis triphyllis

deflexo,

labelli

trilobi

lanceolatis

foliis

acutis plicatis scapo laxe

acuta cucullata ovario mult6 longiore sepalis

lobis lateralibus

erectis

truncatis,

in

columnam

convolutis

intermedio longiore ovato rotundato

appendice carnosa lingui^formi inter lacinias laterales locata

Batemcm

Flores semper

uniflori.

patentibus oblongo-lanceolatis acutis, petalis 2-plo brevioribus ovalibus erectis supra

;

Herbae

suffulti.

vaginato asccndcnte duplo longioribus, bractea herbacea

apicibus reflexis

3Iisc, p. 10, 1843.

columna subtus pubcscentc.

Bot. Reg. Mine. 13, 1842.

Lycaste Skinneri, Bot. Reg. Misc.

Habitat

in

Guatemala.

j).

10, 1843.

Skinner.
*

Pseudo-bulbs

roundish ovate, deeply furrowed, frequently attaining a very large size; hearing
two or three lanceolate, sharp-pointed, deeply plicated Leaves. Scape from six inches to a foot
high, shorter than the leaves, invested, at its upper extremity, with a large inflated greenish Bract,
twice the length of the ovary. Flowers solitary, very large and heautifid. Sepals often
three inches long, pure white, oblong -lanceolate, acute.
Petals half the length of the sepals, oval,

tvhich

is

erect, rolled,

Lip

round the column, reflexed at the points, of a

S-lobed, the lateral lobes erect

rounded,

and

bent

downwards; a

and truncated;

delicate rosy hue, esjjccially at the base.

the central lobe longer than the others, ovate,

curious fleshy tongue-Ulic process

is

lodged between the

lobes.

Column pure

white at the apex, hut mottled with crimson dots at the base, tdth a profusion of
woolly hairs scattered on its under side.

The following notice of this admirable plant appeared in the " l^otanical Register," for February, 1842.
" This, the facile princeps of

all

known MaxiUarias, has

with a vigour and beauty that could not be exceeded in

measure upwards of

six inches across,

The

in the broadest part.

* So called by

f In a

recent

tlie

terms Lycaste.

Of tliisj

The

flowers,

which are very durable, actually

tips of the lateral sepals, while the latter are nearly

the

tlie
''

Flora Peruviana^ from the resemblance of

Botanical Register" (after the

name on

the unwieldy old genus MaxUlaria^ restricting the latter to such plants as
lie

native haunts.

Rev. John Clowes,

an inch and half wide

colours of this flower are pecuharly delicate, the sepals being pure w^hite, faintly tinged with

authors of

number of

from the

its

at length flowered in the collection of the

M.

tlie lip

the plate

-picta

and

m many

of the species to the jaws, or maxilla^^ of various insects,

was engraved), Professor Lixdley published a re-arrangement of

its allies,

and not Maxillarm proper, the generic characters are given above.

and referring the present subject

to

new

genus, which

crimson at the base

carmine.

brilliant

number

; the

petals of a

The column

again

in wdiich,

to his enterprise

To

its

under

gentleman to Avhom

the most interesting countries of the

this

producing

its

must be allowed

New

lip is

side.

The

more nearly resembling M. Deppii than any other

brilliant discoveries of the

is

of woolly hairs are scattered on

vigorous,

land

almost covered with spots and streaks of the most

pure white at the apex, and mottled with crimson spots at the base while a

more rosy hue, while the

habit of the plant

species.

to remark, there

is

lately returned

it,

and who,

once more

after

its

growth
is

free

and

another of the

an absence of four years

in

in safety to the shores of his native

scarcely a collection of any note that

not more or

is

less

indebted

and generosity."

account there

is

little

The

to add.

Mr. Clowes's

species continues to flourish in

striking blossoms with unsparing profusion at every season of the year

Knypersley, at Springfield, and most probably at other places, being

It is

and

stately,

a native of Guatemala, and

It is

have ventured to dedicate

World, has

is

now

it

stove,

has also flowered at

(1843) by no means a rare plant.

of the easiest cultivation.

presents a view of a remarkable bridge over the Polochic river, and which, from the

The Vignette
resemblance of

its

form

to the

hammocks

of the natives,

is

called

of the cord-like stems of the Bejnca (a sort of twiner), and

ingenuity.

Had Telford

visited the spot,

wonderful structures which he was the

first

it

to

is

is

La

Ilamaca.

It is constructed

certainly a beautiful specimen of Indian

would certainly have been regarded as the prototype of those

sling across the rivers of the Old World.

'^This

by them

no act of common passage, but

strain of rareness."

SnAKSPEARE,

Fl. J6\

n
1
,

>
J

'o'

il
il

1
_!"
h

;.

' .^Sc^

^If^^j

^ra/fc^.

^^^

C D

i^

FE

IlJ)^by J,Tu<^maM

^Jom. 163 Rccadz^,

Irm^id

IfsT. &a2u:i^

July. :$42.

S A-

V A :r

(laZiOy,

li3i

Tab XXXVI.
*-

CORYANTHES SPECIOSA,

RVCKERS VARIETY OF CORYANTHES SPECIOSA

MR.

VANDE^. Lindley.

Tribus:

CORYANTHES.
Perianthtum

Hooker, Bot. Mag.

patentissimum.

Sepala

t.

3102. im*/. Gen.

maximum, galeatum, cum

Sf

Spe. xciii.

dilatata, flexuosa, conduplicata

Petala multo minora erecta.

ralibus maximis, basi distinctis.

latum,

VAR.

basi columna) continuum,

bilocularis.

Pollinia

2 compressa,

nuUo mode articulatum,

Cobimna

Stigma rima transversa.

Racemi

Her bre Amrican{s epii^hy tie,

Gongora

speciosa.

Hooker^ Bot. Mag.

Coryanthcs niaculata.

Habitat

Flores maximi.

penduli.
i,

Anthera

Laid. Gen. et Spe.

pseudo-

xciii.

2755.

Hooker, Bot. Mag.

in Brazilid,

teres,

postice sulcata, caudicub'i lineari arcuata, glan-

dula lunata apicibus approximato-recurvis.

bulbosae.

late-

Labellum unguicu-

tridentatum, in medio unguis appendice poculiforaie circumdatum.

basi bicornis, elongata, apice recurva, bialata.

t.

Harrison

3102.

in

LindL Bot, Reg. L

Demerard,

Parker

in

Mexico, Ruckkr.

iSe^cription*

Pseudo-bulbs deeply striated, broadest at the base, sometimes nearly six inches long, clustered.
Leaves two on each pseudo-bulb, broadly lanceolate, striated, a foot or more long. Scape about
two feet long, pendent from its weight, bearing from two to six large and remarkable Flowers.
membranaceous, ovate-lanceolate, three or four on the scape, where they are sheathing, and
The lateral Sepals are spread out in an horizontal direction, and
one at the base of each flower.
resemble a bat's icings; they soon become reflexed and withering; the upper sepal is narrower than

Bracts

folded backwards; in most varieties the sepals are yellowish

green, semi-transparent, and destitute of sjwts, but occasionally, as in the Plqte, a few spots
Petals much waited, erect, linear -oblong, much smaller than the sepals; usually spotted
occur.
with rich chestnut on a yellowish ground. The Lip is in two portions; at the base is a deep
those at the sides, but, like them,

is

orange, satiny large cup or sack, from the inner and upper margin of which there rises a very large,
nature,
hollow
within,
.standing
thick
and
process,
a
fleshy
-shaped
helmet
of
pedunculated,
again
Column exactly perpendicular,
column.
erect, which covers with its rigid apex the top of the

almost two inches long, cylindrical, enlarged at the top so as to resemble an inverted foot, pale green,
sprinkled with reddish streaks ; at the base two oblong curved processes occur, from which honey is
constantly distilled, and falls into the cup below. Hooker, I. c.

Mr. Rucker's fine collection at Wandsworth.

Having been imported from Mexico, where no Coryanthes had been previously found, its progress was
Contrary,
flower-buds awaited with no small anxiety.
eat'-erly watched, and die development of its huge
approached
characters,
but
so closely
distinctive
no
exhibited
blossoms
expanded
the
expectation
however, to

This

beautiful plant flowered in June, 1842, in

* So called from the resemblance of the flowers to Kopv^, a helmet.

to both

C spcciosa and

C. maculata as to prove that these two supposed species must hcncefonvard be

regarded merely as varieties of each other.

They have accordingly been quoted

In Mr. Rucker's collection no genus appears

in others

its

cultivation

is

attended with

much

carefully regulated, for if either

be permitted

other hand, a cold or dry atmosphere

and vexation

difficulty

The

but by noting

supplies of heat

in the text.

its

peculiarities, such

and moisture require

to

to continue in excess, the plants will quickly perish

always prejudicial.

is

synonyms

succeed more perfectly than Coryantlies^ although

to

frequent disappointments may, perhaps, be avoided.

as

Suspension in the

air,

which

is

be most

on the

usually adopted

much advantage in cases where the flower-scapes are pendulous, is here unsuitable, and if on a
of wood is certainly fatal.
Another danger to weakly plants is their proneness to make a succession

with so
block

of attempts to flower, which, although abortive,

exhaustion.

To meet

until the plants

cases of this description,

it

are
is

still

persisted

is,

perhaps, the most robust, as

death ensues from sheer

advisable to remove the flower-stems as they appear,

have gathered strength enough to support them without

macrantha

in until

it is

certainly the

risk of injury.

most wonderful, species of the genus

may, indeed, be questioned whether the whole tribe of Orchidacese can ofler anything more unaccountable
or extraordinary than its huge elaborate flowers, w^hich are so unlike aught that is ordinarily met with in

it

the vegetable world as to be not unfrequently regarded rather as examples of the modeller's skill than of
the plastic powers of Nature.*

In the Vignette an Indian claims our notice, attired in one of the most striking and characteristic of
the native costumes of Guatemala.

^-^^
r^

^Mw'
"

Imperinm,

Xani qui dabat olhn

fasces^ Icgiones,

omniay nunc se

Continet, atque duas tantum res anxius optat,

Panem,

et Circenses.

Juvenal.

When

flowers of

fliis

species were

not be persuaded that no imposition

first

shewn

was intended; even

to the natives

of Trinidad

albeit

accustomed

to the

wonders of a

a sight of the plant itself flourislnng in the Botanic Garden, scarcely

tropical

removed

Flora

they would

their suspicions.

//. .37

M/s

DraJc^, dd'^.
-t

M
IB

MALI

A C R1

n^^ dy J Ru^i^ay

J-

Jon^J6S,.FwcoJzJJy

/^ttffvr ii Ptftnu^^

9
9

Ji^.m^.

jir

MA

d-aacb,

^^.p

Tab.

XXXVII.

SOBRALIA MACRANTHA:
LARGE-FLOWEREn SOBRALIA

TiiiBLs:

SocRALiA macrantha ;

foliis

EPIDENDREiE. LiNDLEY

ovalibus basi planis, bracteis strobili imbricatis giabris, sepalis oblonoo-

lanceolatis acutis, petalis conforinibus majoribus, labello

Orchid, suh. Tab. xxix.

Hahitat

Stems
feet,

in

sometimes as

glabro.-~Z?J?c//. Sert.

Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 65.

Oaxacd, Karwinski, Ross;

rising

maximo emarginato piano

in

Guatemala, Skinkek, Hartweg.

from a compact mass of thick tomentose Boots to the height of from two to ten
thick as the little finger.
Leaves alternate, oval-lanceolate, greatly acnminated,

from six inches to a foot in

from whence, at intervals of

length.

several

At

summit the stem swells into a sort of hracteated cone,

days, issue a succession of large and sjjlendid fioicers, each conits

Sepals usually about three incites long, ohlong, sharp-pointed.

sepals, and like them of a transparent rosy hue.
Lip much larger and
the form of a funnel, emarginate at the apex, tvhere its edges are dilated,

tinuing only about twelve hours.

Petals

larger than the

longer than the petals^ in

and

bent slightly hack; the colour of the lip is a more intense rose colour than the petals,
and beautifully shaded, with deeper tints; at the entrance of the tube the rose colour ceases, and is
replaced by white jiassing into yellow, and beautifully veined ivith crimson streaks.
Column

waved,

entirely concealed by the

i HIS, perhaps

tlie

lip.

most beautiful of

terrestial

Orchidacea^,

is

extensively distributed throughout the

Avarmer parts of Mexico, Oaxaca, and Guatemala.

was never introduced into this country until

1841, when, through the care and exertions of Mr. Hartweg and Mr. Skin^ner, a few plants survived
Placed in a moist heat, and treated like BIctia or Phaius, these
the hitherto fatal ordeal of the voyage.
plants Avere found to thrive amazingly, and from one of them, which tlowered in the garden of the HorticulAlthough repeatedly gathered by botanical

tural Society,

Miss

subject speaks for

Drake

was permitted

to

travellers,

it

prepare the accompanying Plate.

The splendour

of the

itself.

Mr. Skinker remarks that in the situations where the plant attained the highest degree of luxuriance,
he observed that its roots were frequently overflowed with water for two or three months together in the
Cultivators will, therefore, do well to bear this singular fact in mind, and approxirainy season, of course.

mate

their treatment as closely as circumstances will permit.

All Sohralias require a season of rest, which

by merely removing them from a warm and humid house to one that is cool and
The present species is more rapid and vigorous in its growth than any hitherto domiciled in our stoves
is

readily obtained

now

(July, 1843) flowering profusely at Knypersley.

dry.
it is

n.

-?\

^1

^' \n^.
y.'Ji^'.v'

v/1f.

JjraJ:^, iel

/Vi''^

by J. Md^jway

UrE

IE

& Sons, 163, nccadiily, M^ch.JS43

Tr-jT^ad^

y.

T ^iKt

&auc7^

iXh'

.v,v.

Tab,

XXXVIII.

LMLlk' SUPERBIENS;
GORGEOUS
Tribus:

'L&'LiA superhiens

LJELIA.

EPIDEXDRE^. Lindley.

scapo longissimo multifloro, sepalis petalisque lineari-oblongis obtusis membra-

naceis labello longioribus, lubelH lobo

medio obtusissimo

disco lamellis quinque maximis subserratis anticfe

truncatis aucto, antherai crista biaurita, clinandrio denticulato.

LiiidL Bot.

JReff.

Misc. 87, 1840 ;sub

Tah. 62, 1842.

Habitat

Guatemala.

Pseudo-bulbs

Skinner, Hartweg.

elongated, sivollen in the centre, channeled, slightly compressed,

a foot or more

and hearing two extremely rigid, shining, sharp-pointed Leaves, of about their own length.
Scape upright, springing from between the leaves, very thick atid strong, and occasionally attaining
the leiigth of twelve feet ; it is almost entirely cased by the sheathing, ventricose, acute Bracts.
Flowers numerous fsometimes not fewer than tweyity), forming a dense and magnificent head at
Sepals linear -oblong, more than two inches long. Petals obtuse,
the extremity of the scape.
broader than the sepals, and, like them, rose-coloured. Lip shorter than the petals, fhree-lobed, the
middle lobe depressed, exceedingly blunt, and larger than the lateral lobes, which are rounded; the
colour of the Up is an intensely deep rose, enlivened by rich yelloic streaks along the disc and base,

high,

where are placed five large somewhat serrated jilates. Column arched, not half the length of the
Up. Anther furnished with a two-eared crests and a cUnandrlum with indented edges.

This
first

truly magnificent plant

discovering

it is

justly

is

a native of the cooler

claimed by Mr.

Skixner.

Mr.

districts of

Guatemala, where the honour of

Hartweg

also

met with

it

in

abundance

in

but
the neighbourhood of Chantla, and forwarded some enormous masses to the Horticultural Society
Miss
unfortunately neither these nor any of the plants sent over by Mr. Skinner have yet flowered.
;

was most carefully prepared from materials communicated by Mr. Skinner, and there
can be no doubt that, however brilliant her representation may appear, it will fail to do justice to the
splendour of the living plant. Respecting its habitat, &c. Mr. Sk inner writes as follows:

Drake's

drawin*!-

found Lcella siq^erhiens in the village of Sumpango, planted by the Indians in front of their
This was in 1839; afterwards (in November, 1840,) I went in search of its true habitat, and, after
doors.
an excursion of three days, found it in the barrancas of Sachmarachon, near the town of Comalapa, about
"

I first

Here it exists in immense quantities; the finest

specimens orowino- out of crevices of the rocks, and sheltered from the north winds. Some of the plants had
bulbs of the height of twenty-two inches, with flower stems four yards in length, and bearing upwards of
the morning on which
t^venty flowers (one, of which I sent you the dried specimen, had twenty-two. f) On
twenty leagues due north of the city of Guatemala.

* Supra Tab. IX.

f From

this

perfection together.

specimen, which was remarkably well preserved, Miss

Drake

compiled the figure.

The

flowers appear to have been

all

in

made

hoar

frost,

where

excursion

this

diis

when

27),

got to the town of Comalapa, the ground was covered with

the La?lias, however, as has been ah'eady mentioned, were usuall^^ screened from the north, and,

was not the

Comalapa Indians
it

(November

was termed

'

is

La

had a stunted appearance. The name given to the species by die

meaning simply 'red flower:' but by the Indians Avho speak Spanish,

case, the plants

'Coteach K'laj,'

vara del Senor San Jose,'

/.

e,

'

The wand

Elsewhere {vide Bot. lleg. Misc. 87, 1840,)

of the plant,

is

he

is

Lord San Joseph.'"*

Skinnp.u

]\Ir.

it

successfully in England, a greenhouse temperature

a\

and expresses

ould be required.

not mistaken, for most of the plants that, on dieir arrival, were placed in a hot and

atmosphere have already perished, while those that were subjected

much

Chantla, another habitat

states that,

very cold, the usual range of the thermometer being from ^o to ^o

conviction diat to cultivate

this

of

better,

and

some instances made attempts

in

to

to a cooler

although the

flower,

his

In

damp

treatment have succeeded

scapes never arrived

at

Probably w^hen the plants are more firmly established we may be spared such bitter mortifications, yet it is greatly to be feared that the species will always prove wayward in cultivation.
At present

maturity.

it

seems

to thrive best

The Vignette

suspended from the

rafters,

on blocks of any hard-barked Avood.

presents a view of three crosses beneath a gigantic tree, on the road to Naguisalco.

Mr. Skinner found them profusely decorated with orchidaceous

same class.

ri

flowers, as

was

the tree with plants of the

^<^,.

:-^^'-^

',0'^

Z-^i.^^^
'^-

-^

'^

..-

Q-^

-.

i->

/r-" r:^

t*

,.Hr.^'^'

All nature tcachelli worship unto man,

And

the

first

inslmct of the heart

is faith/'

L. E. L.

name

is

The wand of San Joseph

generally applied to

it

by

is

usually represented as bearing a quantity of flowers, and from the strong resemblance to Lo'lia yuperbiens the

the Indians of the Altos,

of Guatemala shortly afterwards gave a

fete in his

honour^ and

battle having

been gained on

now regard him

as

tlteir

t!ie

lOth of March, 1840 (the day ol San Jose), the troops

Patron Saint,

//

'j-i

j^r-

:VirJ^.er.'j

-.M'

M
di)

F CM

:iJ)

rM
/^^.^

'^v.

WM

Jrlb^gwcoy & Sonsje^^UcccukUx

Truii^d by T^ G'am^v

RTMIAM
M(w<^i,

IS43

ILFM.

'jaua.

lUJf..

J:-

XXXIX.

Tab.

WENTWORTHIANUM

ONCIDIUM"

EARL FITZWILLTAM'S ONCIUIVM,

Tribus:

Oncidium Wentworthianum ;

VANDE^, Lindley.

pseiido-bulbis

panicula angust.i elongatfi ramulis 3-5

floris

oblongis compressis ancipitibus diphyllis,

nebulosis

sepalis

oblongis lanceolatis acutis, labelli

liberis petalisque

cordati laciniis lateralibus rotiindatis grosse crenatis intermedia multo brevioribus

lato apice angustiore lateralibus rectis

lamina reniformi denticulata basi ipsa

5-dentata denticulis 2 anticis auct^, columna)

Habitat

Guatemala.

in

Pseudo-bulbs
some

Flower-stem

duplo angustiore,

labelli

cristd

Lindl. Bot. Reo-. Misc. 194, 18-10.

brevibus.

Skinneu, HAET^vEG.

oblong, compressed, with sharp edges, usually about three inches long, but in

varieties considerably larger,

Leaves two on

alis erosis

intermedin ungue basi

of a very dark green colour, beautifully clouded with brown.

each iiseiulo-bulb, shining, lanceolate, acute,

extending in a

wavy

from

six

inches to a foot long.

irregular line to the length of three to twelve feet, producing

Sepals and Petals nearly alike, oblong, lanceolate,

acute, of a rich yellow ground, strikingly marked with spots and streaks of the most intense reddish
brown. Lip three-lobed, the lateral lobes crenate, rounded, and much shorter than the intermediate
numerous

short, few-flowered, lateral branches.

one, at the base

of which

toothed; on this plate

is

is

placed a short kidney-shaped

UNCIDIUM
worth-j-

is

among

Wentworthianum

so called,

it

is

frequently

become

twelve feet

and the shortness of the

the great length of the flower-stems

The

belongs.

it

beautifully clouded

state, for, in cultivation, the

not

less, in

some

markino-s

instances, than ten or

lateral branches, also serve to characterize the species.

a native of Guatemala, where

it

was

first

discovered by Mr.

being usually in the higher lands, a moderate temperature

specimen from whence the figure was taken flowered

varieties

and

needless to say, after the noble proprietor of AVent-

pseudo-bulbs are a very remarkable feature, especially in a wild

It is

erect

bitten off.

the most elegant species of the vast genus to which

indistinct

of which are

the crest, composed of five poitited processes, with two smaller teeth in

The wings of the Column are short and

front.

jjlate, the edges

at

is

Skixnee, and

required for

Knypersley

in

its

its

successful culture.

1840, since then

have appeared, especially in the garden of the Horticultural Society,

natural habitat

to

many

which Mr.

The

superior

Hartweg

sent them.

* Supra, Tab.
t

The

I.

collection of Orchidaceous plants at

Wentworth was, perhaps, the very

first

developed on an extensive scale, and under the care of Mr. CoorER, the veteran curator,

its

in

which the manifold attractions of

celebrity

is

well sustained.

this beautiful tribe

were

.//.

jM

Jfr/:y

'7t
BraJce, del
-

"ff.

If C

71

ler

.(5

fudfbv

J- Mdijwa.y

^ Som^

103^

Tny^/^

2>y

tn""-!

PicauMy, jtc^% ld4Z

'9^ati:r^.

lA^

11

Oaiioi-,

r^ii^

/M

Tab XL.

CYCNOCHES* EGERTONIANUM
SIR PHILIP EGERTON'S CYCNOCHES.

Tribus:

Cycnoches Egertonianum ;
nutantibus brevioribus

foliis

VANDEiE. Lindley.

vaginantibus undulatis lanceolatis acuminatis racemis multifioris

sepalis pctalisque subrcqualibus ovatis acutis, labcllo

columna continuo obovato

niargine incurvo digitis 5 clavatis utrinque instructo epicliilio lineari meinbranaceo digitis vix longiore.

Habitat

in

Guatemala.

Stems from

Skinner.

half a foot

to

a foot

long, hearing several

membranous, Kxwg, lanceolate, sharp-

Racemes drooping, many -flowered, longer titan the leaves, sometimes

Sepals and Petals almost sbnilar in size and form, ovate, acute, rtearly

pointed, sheathing Leaves.

a foot and a half long.

an inch long, of a deep chocolate colour on the inner

side,

and

greenish without.

Lip

exactly con-

tinuous with the column, contracted at the base, but spreading in a somewhat obovate form, the

margins being turned inwards, and on either side puchered into five finger-lllie processes, which
spread themselves out into a kind of circular wreath; the apex of the lip is j)^olonged into a membranous po'utt about the length of the fingers ; the ground colour of the Up is green, but the fingers
Column extremely clavate, longer than the petals, of a dark pi irpie colour.
are tinged with purple.

oTRANGE

things

plants, but the case

and

which

of this Protean tribe.

The

is

no

strange than true

less

rcpix'sented in the

have

ah'eady been recorded of Orchidaceous

accompanying Plate

casts into the

shade

all

former

frolics

facts are briefly as follow.

Among Mr. Skinner's

Guatemala

was particularly directed to the

specimens of a plant which to the habit of a Cycnoches joined the long pendulous stems of a Gongora, and
for the possession of which, in a living state, no small anxiety was entertained.
Some plants were
speedily transmitted by Mr. Skinner, but these, on flowering, proved to be merely the old
ventricosum.
A mistake w^as of course suspected, and iMr. Skinner being again applied to, sent over a fresh supply- of
earliest

collections, attention

plants,

for

flowers of

the

authenticity of which

C ventricosum

he vouched

were again produced.

and being then on the point of returning

but these were scarcely settled in the stove, when

Mr. Skinner being importuned

to this country,

for the third time,

determined to take one of the plants under

special protection during the voyage, which, flowering on the passage,

seemed

his

to preclude the possibility of

The specimens produced at sea w-cre exhibited, and the plant itself
Knypersley, where it commenced growing with the utmost vigour. The season of

further confusion or disappointment.

placed in the stove at

flowerinii soon arrived, but brouoht with

it

a recurrence of the former scene of astonishment and vexation,

Stij)ra sub.

Tab. V.

for the blossoms, instead of those of the coveted novelty,

were not distinguishable from the old C. ventri-

hanging to the stem when the inexplicable plant sent forth a spike of a totally
different character, and which was, in fact, precisely similar to the specimens gathered in Guatemala, and to
those produced on the voyage.

These were

cosum.

It

is,

still

any explanation of so strange a phenomenon, especially on the

the two forms of flower arc analogous to the male and female blossoms of other tribes, for

at present, impossible to attempt

supposition that

C. ventricosinn alone not unfrequently perfects seeds.

The
of

species

eccentricities

its

For the

maybe

named

honour of Sir Philip Egerton-, before any

had been discovered, otherwise the compliment might have been deemed a dubious one.

(if

as such

it

regarded) was

Lady Grey of Groby has kindly

tail-piece

in

contributed a most ingenious device,

compounded

of divers Orchidaceous flowers, which, with verj^ gentle violence, have been induced to assume the attitudes
in

which they appear below.*

T*-

ii

Perverse,

all

nionatrous,

all

N.tture breeds

prodigious things,

Abominable, unntterable, and worse

Tlian fables yet have feigned, or fear conceived,

Gorgons, and hydras, and cliimcras dire/*

Milton,

* Tlio liag

came

fortli,

broom and

caudatum, Onddtiim pap'dioy &c.

falcatxtm.

unlike the

In the centre stands

''

&:c.

all,

from a flower of Cypripedium

two specimens of Cycnoches

desponding Monachanthus ; on the

walking leaves" of Australia^ complete the group.

sail
left

ifisigite

her attendant spirits arc composed o^ Brassia Lauceana^ Angrcecum

majestically on the globe below, on the right of which crawls

a pair

Megaclhuum

of Masdcvallms are dancing a minuetj while sundry Epidendra, not

ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA.
Cyrtocfitlum Bictontense (Tab. VT.)

LiNDLEY

refers this plant to

L^LiA AuTUMNALis

(Tab. IX.)

Stakhopea Martiana
of Hernandez,

Galeandra Baueri
drawing was

Epidevdrnm

(Tab,

On

In a rc-aiTangement of Cyrtochiluvi,

the plate the

XXVIL)

XIX.)

in part taken

and their

allied genera,

Ui\

Odonioghmum.

name

There can be

is

The
from

spelt '-aidximnale^

little

S, X>^^^on^G;^fz supposed to be so

(Tab.

Odonfofjlossum,

(since ascertained to

is

is,

of course, wrong.

or no doubt that this. beautiful plant

by Professor Lindley

figure of this .species

a

which

is,

_,

the true "

i^^o,^

Xyncea''

in reality, a native of Peru.

inaccuratCj and greatly exaggerates

weak specimen supplied by Mr. Barker, and

be

is

in part

its

beauty.

Miss Drake's

from the bulbs and leaves of an

laceritnum) which, at the time, was supposed to be the Oaleandra in <juestion,

Tlic flowers arc, in reality, produced in a loose nodding raceme, and the pseudo-bulbs have a considerable resemblance
to those of a thin Catasetum.

Unfortunately the plaut

is

of so weakly a habit that

it will,

probably, soon be lost to

the country.

Sobhalia Macrantiia (Tab. XXXVII,)

The

flowers of this superb plant arc not quite so ephemeral as

continue in bigli beauty for two days, and are

means unusual amongst OrchidaceEe.

much

larger the second day than

the

first,

was supposed

they

an occurrence by no