Professional Documents
Culture Documents
com
International Journal of Advanced Research in Management, Architecture, Technology and
Engineering (IJARMATE)
Vol. 1, Issue 3, October 2015
getting the packet, MEO assigns a new path and forwards the
packet to the next hop either in MEO layer or LEOlayer. If the
destination LEO is in its managed LEO satellitegroup, it
directly sends packet to the destination LEO. If itis in one of
other MEOs coverage, it forwards the packet to the
corresponding MEO. Using the MEO layer especially for
time-sensitive traffic allows the system to meet two goal
ssimultaneously: balance the link utilization rates and prevent
excessive jitter and delay values. Depending on the values of
Dthrsh, SDV and LDV traffic percentage will change and
therefore load on LEO layer will change in return.This
interaction makes determining Dthrsh value a design issue.
Delay and jitter sensitive voice traffic must be
differentiated from delay tolerant background traffic. Due to
satellites processing limitations, queuing policy must be both
simple and fast. Weighted Round Robin Queuing (WRRQ) is
quite efficient for on-board processing in that sense. Strict
priority may be an alternative policy. However, this policy
leads to suffering of data packets of high delay values and
may causestarvation anomaly. In this scenario, LEO
satellites apply round robin queuing.
Satellite channels are known to suffer relatively large Bit
Error Rates (BER) caused by losses or errors due to fading,
propagation anomalies, intentional jamming, or other user
interference. Packet loss due to noticeable packet errors may
cause degradation in the transmission quality, if no correction
mechanism is applied. However, ECC brings extra processing
delay. The delay depends on the correction strength of the
algorithm. To have modeled ECC by using a variable
threshold for the receiver side for each link determining
whether a packet is lost.
II. EXISTING SYSTEM
In the light of this, it is just one consequent step to
make the whole space segment itself a real network by
designing low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations with
inter-satellite links (ISLs) [1] to form a dynamic mesh trunk
network. Providing truly broadband capacity on the air
interface bottleneck by means of frequency reuse, such
constellation networks should, however, not only serve as
last mile broadband access solution. Rather than should
also provide a substantial benefit to both operators and end
users by offering truly global, low-latency, secure and flexible
1
All Rights Reserved 2015 IJARMATE
end-to-end
communication
with
controllable
quality-of-service (QoS) in one autonomous network.
Additional
impetuses
for
the
midterm
implementation of really broadband LEO constellation
networks are :1) mature laser technology for optical ISLs: and
2) the appealing prospect that lies in transferring WDM
concepts from terrestrial fiber to space, being potentially
combined with on-board optical switching and
add/drop-multiplexing and last, but not least, the appeal of
multi protocol label switching (MPLS) as a promising basis
for the co-existence of IP- and non-IP traffic routing on an
ATM-based infrastructure in space.
Regular mesh topologies, as conveniently designed
for inclined Walker delta constellations, are considered as
strong candidates for such an ISL backbone. However, such
regular topologies still exhibit dynamic features in terms of
considerable inter orbit link distance variations and the traffic
patterns on both space-ground and inter-satellite links show
extreme variations due to the rapid relative movement
between serving satellites and served (global and
inhomogeneous) user distributions.
Adaptive routing is, therefore, an essential
requirement in the ISL backbone, from the user QoS
perspective and in the operators interest to optimize the
utilization of installed payload capacities. With the growing
dominance of Internet and any kind of packet-oriented
services, it is,thus, attractive to study packet-oriented routing
approaches, which are supposed to be well suited for mesh
topologies due to their inherent flexibility.
A rather generic analysis of routing performance
under various reference traffic scenarios,as provided in this
paper, should be of basic importance to gain insight and
expertise for the proper design of concrete routing
implementations for any such system, given the constellation
parameters, service, and traffic demand profiles from the
business case and the QoS specifications.
The distributed algorithms proposed [2] so far have
inherent disadvantages due to the lack of the global traffic
information. Moreover, most of the proposed algorithms
neglect the geographical characteristic of traffic distribution.
To deal with the limitation of distributed routing scheme, it
has proposed ALBR (agent-based load balancing routing) for
Courier-like constellation. ALBR employs ISL (inter-satellite
link) cost modification factor to increase the cost of paths
through hot spot zones.
With the help of mobile agent, excellent load
balancing over entire network is achieved. Unfortunately,
there exist three deficiencies in ALBR. Firstly, how to reduce
packet loss caused by the periodical handover of inter-plane
ISL still remains open. Secondly,ALBR has higher
end-to-end delay, even at the low traffic area. Thus, it is very
necessary to optimize ISL Cost Modification Factor (ICMF)
to further reduce end-to-end delay. Last but not least, there is
a lack in analyzing the impact of ICMF on the observed
performance.
Following ALBR, this paper focuses on presenting
an Optimized Load Balancing Routing (OLBR) scheme based
on agent for Polar-orbit satellite constellation by redesigning
r,
subchannel with i, it is always true that dkj(t)
where D is a specified guard-factor for interference
prevention.
The main idea of the 2HR-f routing algorithm under
the i.i.d. mobility model is that, the source node delivers at
most f copies of a packet to distinct relay nodes, while the
destination node may finally receive the packet from one relay
4
6
All Rights Reserved 2015 IJARMATE