Reduced Thrust Take-Off

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Engine Performance

Principle

Flexible take off

Derated take off

Eng. Bruno Moreira

weight

Principle

weight

Eng. Bruno Moreira

weight

Principle

weight

You need less Thrust

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Principle
When your Actual Take-off Weight is lower than the
Maximum take-off Weight, you can perform a take off with
less than the max take-off thrust.
This thrust reduction improves engine life and
reduces maintenance costs.

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Which part of the aircraft is concerned ?

engine

aerodynamics

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Reminder about engines and thrust

Trust levers

Thrust

Thrust variation with OAT

EGT Limit

Tref

OAT

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Thrust levers
5 positions on Airbus aircraft :

TOGA : Take Off - Go Around

Maximum thrust available.
Its use cant exceed 10 min.

MCT : Maximum Continuous Thrust

FLX : Flex T/O Thrust ...
Maximum thrust for long use.

CL : Climb Thrust.

Idle : No power.

Max reverse.

Power

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Thrust levers
5 positions on Airbus aircraft :

TOGA : Take Off - Go Around

Maximum thrust available.
Its use cant exceed 10 min.

MCT : Maximum Continuous Thrust

FLX : Flex T/O Thrust ...
Maximum thrust for long use.

CL : Climb Thrust.

Idle : No power.

Max reverse.

Power

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Thrust variation with OAT

Weight

Thrust
N1
EGT Limit

Tref
10

OAT
Eng. Bruno Moreira

Engine Performance

Principle

Flexible take off

Derated take off

11

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Flex Temperature

Flex Take Off : what for ?

Weight
Max TOW

To enable take off without engines at full rate reduces :

Flex Take Off :
Thrust
The
thepilot
probability
a failure
(safety
type theofFlex.
Temp.
in theaspect),
MCDU :
Setting
the engine
ratewill
andprovide
associated
thrustdeterioration
levers on FLX
necessary
maintenance
costs (economic aspect).
thrust
take
off.
Flatfor
rated
Thrust
Available
Thrust
EGT Limit

Actual TOW

Needed
Thrust

OAT
12

Tref

Flex Temp

OAT
Eng. Bruno Moreira

Flex Temperature
Weight
Max TOW

Thrust
Available
Thrust

Flat rated Thrust

EGT Limit

Actual TOW

Needed
Thrust

25 %
reduction max

Thrust reduction mustn't exceed 25 %,

to
quickly
recover
TOGA
Thrust
(daN) full available TOGA thrust if necessary.
OAT
13

Tref

Flex Temp

T Flex max

OAT
Eng. Bruno Moreira

Flex Temperature
Conditions of application:
Weight
Max TOW

Flex. take off is to be made only if

TREF < Tflex.
if daily OAT < Tflex.
and Tflex < Tflex max
Thrust

Available
Thrust

Flat rated Thrust

EGT Limit

Actual TOW

Needed
Thrust

T Flex max

OAT
14

Tref

Flex Temp

OAT
Eng. Bruno Moreira

Engine Performance

Principle

Flexible take off

Derated take off

15

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Certified

Certified

Certified

Certified

Certified

engine
engine

engine
engine
engine

16

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Derated take off

It consists
decreasing
the TOGA
Advantages of Derated
Takein
Off
::
maximum thrust by 4% increments.
Significant reduction of engine stress (like Flex T/O)
Decreasing TOGA will The
also original
decreaseTOGA
VMCG, will
and
TOGA Thrust (daN)
be available during T/O.
the available value of Vnever
1, which enables short T/O.
Not forbidden on contaminated Runways

Principle :

MTOW (t)
285
280

25
23

275
270
265
260

21

Max. thrust
available

19
17

OAT (C)

255

CF6-50A

15
-10
17

-5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40
Eng. Bruno Moreira

Engine Performance

Thrust levers

Flexible take off

Derated take off

18

Eng. Bruno Moreira

Comparison of the two methods

Flex (Reduced)

19

Derated

At any moment, it is
possible to recover TOGA

TOGA selection is not

allowed

VMCA and VMCG are

always the same

VMCA and VMCG change

with Derated thrust.

Not allowed on
contaminated Runways.

Not forbidden on Wet and

contaminated Runways

Eng. Bruno Moreira

TAP RTOW
FOR GIVEN W/C, ATOW
AND CONFIGURATION

Corrections on temperature
if flexible takeoff performed

READ TFLEX, V1/VR/V2

FROM RTOW CHART

AIR COND.
OR ANTI-ICE
CORRECTIONS OR
QNH > 1013.2 HPA

NO

YES

NO

INTER / EXTRAPOLATE TEMPERATURE

CORRECTION FROM LINE 3
NO SPEED CORRECTION

CG
MORE FORWARD THAN
25%

QNH below 1013 hPa

Subtract 1C/2 hPa

Engine A/Ice ON*

Subtract 1C

Total A/Ice ON*

Subtract 2C

Air conditioning ON

Subtract 7C

YES
DECREASE TFLEX BY 2C
INCREASE V1, VR AND V2 BY 1 KT

NO

TFLEX > TREF

AND
TFLEX > OAT

NO
FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF NOT POSSIBLE.
USE TOGA THRUST AND SPEEDS DETERMINED
FOR MTOW, OR THE SPEEDS FOR THE ACTUAL
WEIGHT IF THEY ARE ALL LOWER

YES

TOGA MANDATORY?

YES

NO

MAXIMUM FLEXIBLE TEMPERATURE = FINAL

TEMPERATURE LIMITED TO TMAXFLEX ON THE
LAST ROW OF THE TAKEOFF CHART
V1/VR/V2 AS CALCULATED

20

No correction except if
actual pressure altitude is
between 2000ft and 4000ft:
subtract 1C/3hPa

YES
APPLY TEMPERATURE CORRECTIONS
FROM SECTION 2.8.
NO SPEED CORRECTION

QNH < 1013.2 HPA

QNH above 1013 hPa

FLEXIBLE TAKEOFF NOT POSSIBLE

USE TOGA THRUST AND
V1/VR/V2 AS CALCULATED

A320-211/214
TFLEX

Eng. Bruno Moreira