MANUKAU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND TRADES

LABORATORY REPORT
Student Name ABHISHEK CHIB
Experiment Title DYE PENETRANT TESTING

Section
Failure to attend will result in a Zero mark.
Any evidence of copying will result in a Zero mark (for all
involved students).

Weighting

Objective and Relevant theory

Assumptions
Method of data collection
Raw data
Health & safety
Calculations/ observations
Use of graphs
Discussion
Conclusion
Marks will be deducted for;
Poor use of grammar, spelling, punctuation.
Incorrect or missing units of measure.
Unsupported arguments or conclusions.
Unstated assumptions in either data or calculations.
Failure to present the original data collected.

3
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
1

Scored 15

Up to 10%
off

Final mark, % (total weighted mark)

Total marks

/100

Mar
k

 OBJECTIVE AND RELEVANT THEORY: OBJECTIVE: The objective of the dye penetrating test is to locate
the breaking defects or cracks in the surface in all
non-pourus materials (such as metals, plastics or
ceramics).
THEORY: Dye penetrant testing is one of the most popular
methods in the industry. It is economical, versatile,
and requires minimal training when compared to
other methods. Dye penetrant testing check for
material cracks open to the surface by flowing very
thin liquid into the cracks and then drawing the liquid
out with a developer. Welds, plate, bars, pipes and
castings are commonly inspected materials using dye
penetrant test. It typically comes in three aerosol
cans cleaner, penetrant, and developer. The cans
can be purchased from welding supply distributors
for typically $5 to $15 per each can. For less than
$50 you can have all the equipment you need to
conduct liquid penetrant examinations. It is also
known as DP.

ASSUMPTIONS: It is important to remember penetrant aerosol is a

very thin liquid designed to get into the smallest
cracks.
If defected cracks are not sealed by a weld, then
penetrant will flow behind the welds and between
layers of material.

Penetrant can be nearly impossible to remove from

the cracks where proper welding is not done or
sealed properly.
Penetrant will cause defects in welds if further
welding is done.

METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION: Take a piece of material.

Then clean it with the cleaner (the surface needs to
be free of dirt, rust, scale, paint, oil, and grease, and
be smooth enough to wipe off the penetrant without
leaving residue).
Then wait and spray penetrant from the aerosol can.
All penetrant should be removed with clean rag until
clean
Wait for the dye to take place in the cracks.
Then apply thin coating of developer on it.
Then the dye will get upwards wherever there is
crack.
Then clean the part to remove all developer.

HEALTH AND SAFETY: There are number of health and safety related
issues that need to be taken in consideration.
The most common of those are following: CHEMICAL SAFETY:

Before working with chemical of any kind, must

be aware of some of the penetrant materials
that are flammable and therefore, should be
used and stored in small quantities. They should
only be used in a well ventilated area and
ignition sources avoided.

ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT SAFETY:-

 The most familiar source of UV radiation is the

sun and is necessary in small doses for certain
chemical processes to occur in the body.
However, too much exposure can be harmful to
the skin and eyes. Excessive UV light exposure
can cause painful sunburn, accelerate wrinkling
and increase the risk of skin cancer. UV light can
cause eye inflammation, cataracts, and retinal
damage.

RAW DATA COLLECTED:

FIG: - A PIECE OF MATERIAL AFTER SPRAYING

PENETRANT FROM THE AEROSOL CAN AND THEN
CLEANING IT.

FIG: - DYE PENETRANT SOLVENT REMOVABLE

AEROSOL CANS (CAN WITH BLACK CAP IS CLEANER,
CAN WITH RED CAP IS DYE PENETRANT AEROSOL
AND CAN WITH WHITE CAP IS DEVELOPER AEROSOL)

DISCUSSION:-

This liquid penetrant inspection is one of the most widely

used non-destructive test methods. Its two main factors are
its relative ease of use and its flexibility. This method is
based on capillary actions. There are some limitations of this
method is that it cannot detect subsurface flaws and loss of
resolution on porous materials. This method is largely used
on nonmagnetic materials for which magnetic particle
inspection is not possible. It is not as accurate as x-rays test
but its most widely used due its cost and easy to perform.

CONCLUSION: In conclusion, dye penetrating (DP) is a very valuable

method. DP does have limitations and is not the best
method for all of the materials. However, it costs less

and easy to perform. DP is the best choice of method

in Non Destructive methods.