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Outline
Use of Piles
Piles classification
General equation for pile capacity
Bored Pile
Driven Pile
Use of Piles
1. When upper soil layers are (highly) compressible
and too weak to support the load from
structures.
2. When subject to horizontal forces
3. When expansive and collapsible soils occurs
4. When foundation of some structures, such as
offshores platform, are subjected to uplifting
forces
5. When foundation, such as bridge foundation,
have the potential of loss of bearing capacity
due to soil erosion.
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
Use of Piles
6.
7.
8.
9.
Classification of Piles
Material
Steel Piles
Concrete Piles
Timber Piles
Classification of Piles
Qu = Qp + Qs
Qu
Qall
2,5
OR
Qp
Qs
Qall
3 1,5
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*
q
IMPORTANT !
Ap = Area Steel + Soil Plug
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Friction Resistance, QS
Qs p.L. f s
P = pile perimeter
L = incremental pile length
fs = unit friction resistance at any depth
As p.L
Note :
fs is interface shear strength between soil and pile (along pile)
f s c n' tan
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Pile Installation
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Note :
Nc* is different with shallow foundation because the failure surface is different
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
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Frictional Resistance, Qs
General Equation
Qs p.L. f s
fs depends on soil condition
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Frictional Resistance, Qs
Kulhawy Method
Sandy Soil
K 0 1 sin f '
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
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Frictional Resistance, Qs
Kulhawy Method
Clay Soil
f s .Su
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Note :
Nc* is different with shallow foundation because the failure surface is different
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
23
Frictional Resistance, Qs
General Equation
Qs p.L. f s
fs depends on soil condition
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Frictional Resistance, Qs
Sandy Soil (Meyerhof)
f s K . v '. tan
Where :
K = Earth pressure coefficient
v = effective overburden pressure of soils
which the value is constant until reaching 15D
= interface friction angle
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Variation of K and
Earth pressure coefficient K:
NOT RECOMMENDED !!
K 0 1 sin f '
K 0 1 sin f ' OCR
OC Clay
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Variation of K and
Based on Tomlinson :
K = 1 Loose sand
K = 2 Dense sand
RECOMMENDED !!!
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
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Frictional Resistance, Qs
Clay Soil
For Clay soil, there are 3 methods to obtain fs :
1. Lambda Method (Vijayvergiya & Focht,
1972)
2. Alpha Method (Tomlinson)
3. Beta Method
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Lambda Method
f s . v ',ave 2.Su ,ave
L (m)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
Where :
= constant
v,ave = average effective vertical stress
Su,ave = average undrained shear strength
0.5
0.336
0.245
0.2
0.173
0.15
0.136
0.132
0.127
0.118
0.113
0.11
0.11
0.11
v ',ave
International Workshop on "Pile
Foundation and Pile Dynamics 2012"
A
i 1
Su ,ave
S .L
i 1
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Beta Method
f s ,ave . v '
K . tan fr
Where :
fr = drained angle of friction from remolded sample (residual strength)
K = (1 sin fr) . OCR0.5
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Remarks
Tip capacity (Qp)
Pile Type
Cohesive Soil
Bored
Pile
Meyerhof
Meyerhof
Kulhawy
Kulhawy
Driven
Pile
Meyerhof
Meyerhof
Meyerhof
Alpha, Beta,
Lambda
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ANY QUESTIONS
??????????????
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