Professional Documents
Culture Documents
General Information
Specification - 1515EA
Specification - 1515MA
Specification
Logging speed.
Recommended .
Maximum . . .. .
. . . . . . 30 ft/min
. . . . .. 60 ft/min at 4 samples per foot
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ft/min at 2 samples per foot
Data presented
Focussed conductivities:
Depths of investigation . . . .
1 mS/m, 2% of reading |
2 mS/m, 2% of reading |
4 mS/m, 2% of reading |
10 mS/m, 2% of reading |
Specification (cont.)
Borehole Properties
6 in hole
8 in hole
12 in hole
Hole Size .
Maximum Temperature ..
.
...........
Maximum Pressure .
Tensile Strength . . .
Compressive Strength .
. .. . . 20,000 psi
. .. . 50,000 lbf.
. .. . 6500 lbf (in 14-in. hole)
...................
. . . 7600 lbf. (in 12 1/4-in. hole)
.
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 12800 lbf. (in 8-in. hole)
Bending Strength of Mandrel .. . . . . . 6600 ft-lbf.
Benefits
Improved Conductivity Determination, in complex
environments
Benefits (cont.)
Full data set
Quality Control
Fault Tolerance
Synthesis of other induction instruments
Future processing and interpretation developments
Block Diagram
Receiver Coils
Transmitter
SP
Telemetry
Aquis ition
and
Stacking
(8 Channels )
Pre-Amp
(7 Channels )
Reference
Micro
Processor
Controlled
Transmitter
Synchronization
Features
Multi-spacing
7 spacings from 6 in. to 94 in
Multi-frequency
8 frequencies from 10 to 150kHz
New skin effect correction
Quality Control
Fully Digital
Feedthrough, fully combinable
Software focusing and inversion generate user
products
Quality Control
Quality Control
FOCUSED RESISTIVITIES
The focused conductivities can be checked for agreement with
Instrument Waveforms
SQUARE WAVE(constant):
Instrument Waveforms
Diagnostic Information
Unbalanced
or Magnetic
Normal
Metallic
Shielding
Digitized Waveforms
Transmitter and Receiver Waveform Monitoring
Real-time quality control
Diagnostic Capabilities
Magnetic materials in borehole or formation
Metallic materials in borehole
Shielding integrity
Fourier Analysis for Spectral Data
Conductivity Spectrum
1500
1000
500
0
0
50
Frequency (kHz)
-500
100
150
Conductivity Spectrum
New skin-effect correction
From shape of spectra
Robust
Linearizes response functions
Reduces noise
Fault tolerance
For example, loss of channel or frequency
Quality Control
Consistency across channels and frequencies
Definitions and
Correction
Resolution
?
Borehole Axis
Radius
Size
Subarray 3
Subarray 4
Subarray 6
Focusing
Filter &
Combine
Focusing
Filters combine measurements from all arrays to
30in
90in
120in
investigation
True-Resolution Log
True-Resolution Log
Multiple depths of investigation reveal invasion
estimate of Rt
Vertical-Resolution-Matched Log
Vertical-Resolution-Matched Curves
Goal: same vertical resolution all curves
Same depths of investigation as true resolution
focused curves
Deep and shallow curves tend to read the same in
thin beds
More convenient for quick interpretation
Resolution Matching
10in
10in
Match
Resolution
120in
120in
30in
90in
120in
Conductive Invasion
Conductive Invasion
Synthetic example
Thick resistive zone
Conductive invasion with varying invasion depth
True-resolution logs show expected response
Deep resolution-matched curves show features
True-Resolution Versus
Resolution-Matched Curves
True-resolution
Artifact free
Best for log quality control
Curves separate in thin beds
Resolution-matched
Easier interpretation in thin beds
Deep and shallow curves tend to agree in thin beds
Can show artifacts if there is
Borehole rugosity
Conductive invasion
Apparent-dip
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Geometric Factor
Geometric Factor
Array 0
10
12
14
16
Array 5
Geometric Factor
Geometric Factor
-0.001
6
10
12
10
12
14
16
14
16
Array 6
0.001
0.000
0.001
14
16
0.000
-0.001
Centered
1.5 in. S.O.
10
12
Borehole Effect
Significant for shallow curves
Requires very accurate borehole correction
Very small for deep curves
We use data from shallow curves to augment
No profile in
hydrocarbon
zone
Resistive
invasion in
water bearing
zone
Invasion in
shales indicates
possible drilling
damage
Resistivity Processing
Oklahoma Reference Earth Model
theoretical
responses of an
HDIL array
induction logging
tool, vertical well,
oil-based-mud
theoretical responses
of an HDIL array
induction logging
tool,
70 deg deviated well,
oil-based-mud
corrected responses
of an HDIL array
induction logging
tool, 70 deg deviated
well, oil-based-mud
Synthesis of DPIL
Synthesis of DPIL
Useful for:
Field studies,
Correlation,
Equity negotiations.
Demonstrates completeness of data and flexibility of
processing.
Inversion Processing
Inversion
2-D inversion allows simultaneous solution for
Other logs
Known bed boundaries
Known impermeable zones
Summary
Summary
Deeper investigation
Improved borehole and near borehole correction
Invasion profiling
Flexible processing, e.g.
Depth of investigation/ resolution trade-offs
Inversion
Dip correction
Complete data set allows
Quality Control
Synthesis of other tool responses
Future processing developments