L-2 Creating Geometry in Gambit

Fluent User Services Center
www.fluentusers.com
Introductory GAMBIT Training

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Geometry Operations in GAMBIT
2-1
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Introduction
Objective:
z
Create and mesh the fluid region for flow problems and solid regions for
heat transfer (and structural analysis for FIDAP Users).
Typically accomplished by constructing and working with lower order entity
objects and volume primitives.
Terminology:
Lowest order
Highest order
Vertex A point in space.

Edge A curve that is defined by at least 1 vertex (in the case of 1 vertex,
the edge forms a loop).
Face A surface (not necessarily planar) bounded by at least 1 edge
(except for sphere and torus).
Volume A geometric solid, can be thought of as an air-tight set of
connected faces.
2-2
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Introduction
Color by entity
z
Vertices and edges are colored according to the highest order entity to
which they are connected.
Coloring scheme:
Vertex:
Edge:
Face:
Volume:
White
Yellow
Blue
Green
Color by connectivity
z
Vertices and edges are colored according to the number of edges and faces
to which they are connected:
White:
Orange:
Blue:
Magenta:
Connected to 0 parent entities

Connected to 1 parent entity
Connected to 2 parent entities
Connected to 3 or more parent entities
2-3
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Introduction
Undo/Redo:
z
10 levels of undo by default.
z
z
Applies to all geometry, meshing, and zoning commands.

Rolling the mouse over any button provides a description of any command.
This also applies to the Undo/Redo buttons.
Number of undo/redo levels controlled by the variable
global.undo.LEVEL
Left-click to execute the visible button operation.

Right-click to select between undo/redo.
2-4
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Real, Virtual, and Faceted Geometry
Three kinds of geometry in GAMBIT:

z
Real
Virtual
Defined by the ACIS library of geometry creation/modification routines.

Geometry defined by mathematical formulae.
A library of routines (created by FLUENT) which provides additional

functionality by redefining the topology.
Geometry is defined using references to one or more real entities (referred
to as host entities).
Faceted geometry
Two objects that share the

same underlying geometry but
have different topology.
Treated like virtual geometry.

Derived from importing a mesh or faceted geometry into GAMBIT
2-5
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Coordinate Systems
Create coordinate system. Cartesian,

cylindrical, and spherical are possible with
either Offset/Angle or Vertices for
location/orientation.
Modify a user-created coordinate system.
Set the active coordinate system. The
selected coordinate system will be used in
all panels.
Snap vertex creation onto grid
(recommended only for simple geometries)
Creation of rulers
2-6
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Move/Copy
Move/Copy is available for all geometric entities.
Translate
Rotate
Scale
x, y , z
Reflect
Vector
Plane normal
to vector
Options:
z
z
Move connected geometry (Move tool only)

Copy mesh and/or zone types (either linked or unlinked)
2-7
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Define Vector
Vector Definition form

z
is used in:
Methods:
Rotate and Reflect (in Move/Copy)

Sweep and Revolve (in Edge/Face/Volume Create)
Coordinate system axis
Edge
2 Vertices
2 Points
Screen View
Magnitude option allows size of vector to be defined.
2-8
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Align
The align tool combines one translation and two

rotation commands into one tool.
Can operate on any geometric entity.
It uses vertices on the start and end position to
move the object.
Method of increased alignment with the use of
vertex pairs
Connected geometry can be included
1
Translation
Rotation
1
2
Plane alignment
3
Plane
Alignment
3
3
3
2-9
3
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Connectivity
It is very important to understand the concept of connectivity.

In order for flow to pass from one face/volume to another, the two
entities must be connected.
Conformal mesh Nodes are shared at the interface between entities
Non-Conformal mesh Nodes are not shared at the interface.
Conformal Interface
(Faces are connected)
Non-Conformal Interface
(Faces are not connected)
2-10
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Connect
Connect
z
z
Vertices, edges and faces can be connected.

The operation eliminates all duplicate entities and
reconnects upper topology.
Only entities within the ACIS tolerance will be
connected.
Existing mesh will be preserved
Copy
+
Translate
One Face
Connect
Edges
Two Edges
One Edge
2-11
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Disconnect
Vertices, edges and faces can be disconnected

The operation recreates duplicate entities and
reconnects upper topology
Several options exist
z
z
z
Edge + vertices
Edge only
Edge + selected vertex
Disconnect
Edge + Vertices
One edge shared

by two faces
Two edges
(one for each face)
2-12
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Delete
The delete tool can be used to delete any geometry.
Lower Geometry option

z
If selected, will delete the selected entity plus any

lower order geometry.
If not selected, the lower order geometry will be

retained.
This option defaults to ON.

Will delete the selected entity plus all available lower
geometry (that does not belong to another entity).
Useful for deleting an edge/face/volume for purposes

of cleaning up splits in faces and edges.
An entity CANNOT be deleted if it is referenced by

another higher order entity.
z
A vertex that belongs to an edge, an edge that

belongs to a face, etc.
2-13
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
General Operations Miscellaneous
Summarize/Query/Total
z
Summary of vertex coordinates,lower topology, mesh information,

element/node labels, etc.
Checks for valid ACIS geometry
Query: useful to associate geometric objects with object names
Get total number of entities
Modify Color/Label
z
Modify entity colors
Change entity label

2-14
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Geometry Creation
2-15
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Geometry Creation
GAMBIT uses the ACIS geometry engine.
Provides tools for bottom-up geometry creation:

z
z
z
z
From coordinates, grid snap, etc.

Straight, vertex sweep/revolve, arc, ellipse, spline, etc.
Wireframe, edge sweep/revolve, etc.
Wireframe, face sweep/revolve, face stitch, etc.
Provides tools for top-down geometry creation by:

z
z
z
z
Vertex creation:
Edge creation :
Face creation :
Volume creation :
Face creation:
Volume creation:
Boolean operation:
Decomposition:
Rectangle, circle, ellipse, etc.

Brick, cylinder, sphere, etc.
Unite, subtract, intersect
Split
Geometry creation typically involves use of all tools.

2-16
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Vertex Creation
Commonly used vertex creation methods:

z
By coordinates (Cartesian, cylindrical, spherical)

On edge (if the intent is to split the edge, the edge
split tool should be used instead).
At the intersection of two edges (resulting vertex is
not connected to either edge)
Vertex is not connected to either edge
At the centroid of an edge/face/volume
Project onto an edge
Other vertex creation methods are presented in the

Appendix
z
z
On face or volume
Read coordinates from data file
2-17
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation Straight and Arcs
Straight line
z
Multiple edges can be created by selecting

multiple vertices.
Arc
Circle
z
z
z
Three vertices on the arc/circle OR

Center and two endpoints OR
Radius and start/end angles (arc only)
2-18
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation Vertex Sweep and Revolve
Sweep vertex
z
z
Select a vertex to sweep.

Choose edge or vector option.
Revolve vertex
z
z
z
Select one or more vertices to rotate

Specify angle of revolution
Define the axis of revolution using the
vector definition form.
Input the Height for spiral creation.
2-19
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation Other Tools
Other edge creation tools are available:

z
Elliptical arc
Conic arc
Fillet arc
Create edge from vertices (NURBS)
Project edge(s) onto a face
Details on each of these tools can be found in the Appendix.
2-20
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation Wireframe
Wireframe
z
z
z
z
Creates both real and virtual faces

All edges must be connected into a closed loop.
Number of edges and pick order are not important.
If all edges are coplanar then the face creation is
always successful.
For non-coplanar edges:
A real face will be created if the edges form a

convex shape.
A planar tolerant face can also be created if the
edges are close to being coplanar and within a
specified tolerance.
Create real face

by wireframe
Real or virtual face
6 coplanar edges
2-21
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation Wireframe
Real face creation from convex non-coplanar edges
Tolerant real face creation from non-coplanar edges

(Tolerance is calculated automatically and printed in
the transcript window)
2-22
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Advanced Covering
Advanced Covering technology allows

construction of new, real geometry based on
existing geometry or mesh.
Better quality faces result from using existing
faces, edges or vertices as guides.
Virtual-to-Real conversion is possible using an
existing triangular surface mesh on any
arbitrarily-shaped single loop face.
Face creation without

Advanced Covering
Face creation with

Advanced Covering
2-23
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation Revolve Edge
Revolve Edge (with or without mesh)

z
z
z
Using an edge, an angle and an axis definition.

Use vectors for definition of the axis.
Source edge can intersect the axis.
Axis
Axis
Source
edge
Rotation
Axis and rotation direction

determined by right-hand rule
Source
edge
2-24
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation Sweep Edge
Sweep Edge (with or without mesh)

z
Rigid edge is translated along sweep path, edge

maintains orientation throughout the sweep.
Perpendicular Edge orientation is rotated with the
path.
Draft and Twist option
Be careful not to create degenerate faces
Sweep path start tangent vector parallel to edge

tangent
Path
Edge
Rigid
Perpendicular,
Draft = 0
Perpendicular,
Draft = 0, 30
2-25
Perpendicular,
Twist = 120
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation Other Tools
Other bottom-up face creation tools are available:

z
Parallelogram
Polygon
Vertex rows
Skin
Net
Details on each of these tools can be found in the Appendix.
2-26
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Primitives
Dimensions and Plane/Direction must be specified

z
Rectangle
Circle
Ellipse
2-27
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Creation Face Stitch
Can create single or multiple volumes from a set of

connected faces
z
Tolerant volume stitch can create a single volume

from disconnected faces with gap(s) within a small
tolerance.
z
For a single volume, if a few faces are missing,

GAMBIT can automatically find the missing faces.
For multiple volumes, any extra faces are discarded.
Tolerance can be Auto or Specified.
Real and virtual options are available.

Order of picking is not important.
Can handle voids and dangling faces.
2-28
Ten Connected Faces
One Volume
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Creation Face Stitch
Single Volume Stitch
2 faces selected, GAMBIT locates

other faces automatically
and creates one volume
Multiple Volume Stitch
11 faces selected, GAMBIT

ignores two faces
2-29
and creates
two volumes
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Creation Sweep Face and Revolve Face
Sweep Face
z
z
Rigid option (analogous to face sweep)

Perpendicular option
Draft
Twist
Revolve Face (with or without mesh)

z
z
Using a face, a revolving vector and an angle

Use either edge or vector to define the axis.
Axis
2-30
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Primitives
GAMBIT can create volumes using primitives.

The following are available:
z
Brick
Frustum
Cylinder
Sphere
Prism
Torus
Pyramid
Details of each can be found in the Appendix.
2-31
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Real Geometry Operations
2-32
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Boolean Operations Unite
The order of picking is not important (except for

labeling)
Retain option keeps copies of the entity
Unite Faces
All faces must be coplanar or have matching

tangents.
1 face
A
2 faces
A+ B
Unite Volumes
1 volume
2 intersecting volumes
A+ B
2-33
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Boolean Operations Subtract
The order of picking is important

Retain option keeps copies of the entity
Subtract Faces
All faces must be coplanar
A B
A
2 faces
B
B A
Subtract Volumes
Multiple entities can be entered

in second list box.
A B
B A
2 intersecting volumes
2-34
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Boolean Operations Intersect
Real Face/Volume Boolean Intersect
The order of picking is not important (except for labeling)

Retain - keeps copies of entities.
All entities must intersect each other.
Intersect Faces (All faces must be coplanar)
z
z
A
z
AI B
Intersect Volumes
AI B
2-35
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Splitting Edges
The Split operation: Employs the intersection of two

geometric entities to divide one or both objects into two
or more pieces.
Useful for decomposing geometries into smaller,
simpler ones.
Edge Split
z
z
z
Split an edge into two or more edges

Resulting edges are connected by default.
Edges can be split with:
Point specify a value between 0 and 1 where the edge

will be split.
V Use 0.5 to split edge in half.
Vertex - must already be created.

Edge
V Must already be created
V Bi-directional option results in both edges
being split at point(s) of intersection.
2-36
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Splitting Faces
Real Face Split
z
z
Split A
with B
"Target"

Faces do not need to be coplanar
2)
Split B
with A
Bidirectional
split
2 Faces:
1) A ( A I B )
2 Faces:
1) B ( A I B )
2)
2)
In general, for all splits (edges, faces, volumes):

z
z
z
AI B
3 Faces:
1) A ( A I B )
3)
AI B
"Tool"
AI B
B (A I B)
"Tool" entities are, by default, deleted after split is performed.

Retain option prevents Tool entities from being deleted.
By default, resulting objects are connected.
2-37
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Splitting Volumes
Real Volume Boolean Split

z
"Target"
Volume/Volume splits
A
B
Split A
with B
2 volumes
A
B
"Tool"
Split B
with A
2 volumes
A
B
Bidirectional
split
Volume/Face splits
2 volumes
3 volumes
2-38
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Clarification Subtract vs. Split
Subtract
z
z
Cannot mesh core region.

Flow/Heat Transfer in annular region only
Split
z
Result is two connected volumes.
Two cylinders
(disconnected)
Result is one volume.

Cut-away shows one volume results
Both annulus and core can be meshed.

Flow/Heat Transfer possible in both regions
Subtract + Retain option (inner cylinder)

z
z
z
Result is two disconnected volumes.

Appears same as split
Duplicate faces result at the interface
Non-conformal mesh
Useful for multiple reference frame problem.
2-39
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Clarification Bidirectional Split vs. Unite
The appropriate operation to use depends on the need to create

additional surfaces for:
z
z
Defining boundary conditions

Controlling the mesh
Two cylinders
(disconnected)
z
z
One Volume
Unite
One volume results
No interior faces
Three Volumes
z
Bidirectional Split
Three volumes
result
Multiple interior
faces
2-40
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Virtual Geometry Operations
2-41
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Merge replaces two connected entities with a single virtual entity

2 faces
(real or virtual)
Virtual face
Split partitions an individual entity into two separate, connected virtual

entities
One face
(real or virtual)
2 virtual
faces
Connect combines two individual, unconnected entities such that the

lower geometry is shared at common interfaces (unrestricted by ACIS
tolerances)
2 virtual,
connected
faces
2 faces
(real or virtual)
2-42
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Create - creates independent virtual entities

z
Use host entities for shape definition

Virtual edge
conforms to
face
Collapse - splits a face and merges the resulting pieces with two or
more neighboring faces
3 faces
(real or virtual)
2 virtual faces
2-43
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Plug-In Tools
Plug-ins are extra tools which can be added to GAMBIT.

z
Download plugins to:
\FLUENT.INC\Gambit2.2.x\plugins (Windows)
Home directory (UNIX/LINUX)
Load by importing a plugin file
Currently developed plugins

z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Split multiple faces with a face

Create a face via offset
Control visibility by zone
Create a brick based on the bounding box for the current geometry
Multiple splitting of edges based on equal spacing or actual length
Calculate distance between two vertices
Convex or concave pipe size transitions
Project multiple edges onto multiple faces
2-44
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Appendix
2-45
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Example Deleting Entities that Belong to Other Entities
Incorrect:
Attempt to delete one face of a volume
Correct:
Delete the volume with Lower Geometry
option turned OFF.
An error results. The selected face cannot be

deleted since it is part of a volume (a higher
order entity).
The volume is deleted and the faces are left

behind. Any of the remaining faces can be
deleted.
2-46
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Vertex Creation Other Methods
On a face
z
Useful to create edges on a surface for use in a

virtual face split
Select a face, enter a U or V value (or enter
coordinates)
On a volume
z
Rarely used
2-47
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Vertex Creation Read From Data File
Vertices can be created by reading a data file.

Both ICEM input and generic vertex data file
are supported.
z
ICEM Input
File Import ICEM Input

Npc Nc
x1 y1 z1
x2 y2 z2
.
.
.
xN yN zN
N = Total number of points

Npc = number of points per curve
Nc = number of curves
xi yi zi = Real or integer vertex coordinates
Vertex data file
File Import Vertex Data

Format same as ICEM input except only the
coordinates are required.
2-48
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation
Elliptical Arc created using 3 vertices

Major
vertex
Center
vertex
On-edge
vertex
Start angle
End
angle
Conic Arc created using 3 vertices

Shoulder
vertex
End
vertex
Start
vertex
2-49
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation
Fillet Arc
z
Creates a fillet out of a corner

Edge 2
Edge 1
Create Edge from Vertices (NURBS)

z
z
Third-order by default
Use tolerance for the approximate option
Continuous edge
2-50
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Edge Creation
Project Edge on Surface

z
Limited to a single edge projection onto a single

face
Direction defined in the Vector Definition form.
Edge
Projection
vector
Projected
edge
Face
2-51
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Face Creation
Parallelogram
z
Polygon
z
z
Tolerance input
Skin
z
z
z
Selection order is important.

5 or more vertices must be coplanar.
Vertex rows
z
defined by three vertices
Topologically parallel edges

Edges must be picked in order
Both ends of all edges can coincide
Net
z
Topologically intersecting edges
2-52
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Creation Wireframe
Create volume from wireframe

z
z
z
z
Create volumes from connected edges

Number of edges and order of picking is not important
Voids and seamless volumes and faces cannot be created
Same limitation as face wire frame creation, for each face
36 connected
edges
One volume
2-53
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Creation Sweep Faces
Sweep (with or without mesh)

z
Rigid option
face
path
volume
Perpendicular option
Draft
face
volume
path
Draft
Twist
volume
Twist
face
path
2-54
2006 Fluent Inc.

www.fluentusers.com

GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Primitives
Brick
z
z
Width (X), Depth (Y) and Height (Z)

The width (X) value is also used for Y and Z
if no other input is given.
9 preset positions (each octant plus
centered)
Cylinder,
z
Frustum
Height and two cross-sectional radii (3rd

radius for frustum)
The Radius 1 value is used for remaining
radii if no other radius input is given.
9 preset directions (three in each axis)
2-55
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Primitives
Prism,
z
Similar inputs as cylinder and frustum.
Number of sides
9 different preset directions (three for
each axis)
Sphere
z
Pyramid
Only one radius is required
Torus
z
z
Major and cross-sectional radii

Three axis locations
2-56
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Volume Blends
Blend - create fillet/rounded edges

z
z
z
z
Pick a volume
Pick the edges that need a blend and enter the
desired radius.
Pick vertex (if needed) and specify the setback
Bulge specifies the surface bulge with range
from 02 (0 = no bulge, 2 = highly bulged).
Bulge is not recommended for hex meshing.

Setback > Radius
Setback < Radius

2-57
2006 Fluent Inc.

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GAMBIT 2.3
June 2006
Boolean Characteristics: Imprinting
Uniting connected volumes results in imprinting
Unite A
with B
Face contains an
imprint of the cylinder
A and C are connected

B is a cylinder inside both
2-58
2006 Fluent Inc.

L-2 Creating Geometry in Gambit

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L-2 Creating Geometry in Gambit

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Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

Geometry Operations in GAMBIT

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

Vertex A point in space.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

Connected to 0 parent entities

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

10 levels of undo by default.

Applies to all geometry, meshing, and zoning commands.

Left-click to execute the visible button operation.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

Real, Virtual, and Faceted Geometry

Three kinds of geometry in GAMBIT:

Defined by the ACIS library of geometry creation/modification routines.

A library of routines (created by FLUENT) which provides additional

Two objects that share the

Treated like virtual geometry.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

Create coordinate system. Cartesian,

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

General Operations Move/Copy

Move/Copy is available for all geometric entities.

Move connected geometry (Move tool only)

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

General Operations Define Vector

Vector Definition form

Rotate and Reflect (in Move/Copy)

Magnitude option allows size of vector to be defined.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

General Operations Align

The align tool combines one translation and two

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

It is very important to understand the concept of connectivity.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

General Operations Connect

Vertices, edges and faces can be connected.

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center

Introductory GAMBIT Training

General Operations Disconnect

Vertices, edges and faces can be disconnected

One edge shared

2006 Fluent Inc.

Fluent User Services Center