Professional Documents
Culture Documents
No. 11-4531
Affirmed by published opinion. Judge Duncan wrote the opinion, in which Judge Keenan and Judge Diaz joined.
COUNSEL
ARGUED: Jessica Ann Salvini, SALVINI & BENNETT,
LLC, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellant. William
Jacob Watkins, Jr., OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES
ATTORNEY, Greenville, South Carolina, for Appellee. ON
BRIEF: William N. Nettles, United States Attorney, Colum-
OPINION
DUNCAN, Circuit Judge:
Appellant Lester Nicholson was indicted for fraudulently
obtaining benefits under the Federal Employment Compensation Act ("FECA"). Nicholson pleaded guilty at a plea hearing, during which the district court conducted a colloquy
pursuant to Federal Rule of Criminal Procedure 11.
Subsequently, Nicholson sought to withdraw his guilty
plea, apparently because he received a letter stating that his
government benefits would be terminated as a consequence of
his conviction. The district court denied his motion to withdraw. It sentenced Nicholson to five years of probation and
ordered him to make restitution payments.
On appeal, Nicholson contends that the district court failed
to follow the mandates of Rule 11 by not advising him that
his FECA benefits may be terminated as a result of his guilty
plea. He further argues that the district court conducted an
insufficient inquiry into how certain pain medication he was
taking affected his competence to enter the guilty plea.
Finally, Nicholson challenges the district courts denial of his
motion to withdraw his guilty plea. For the reasons that follow, we affirm.
I.
A.
Nicholson was employed as a mail carrier by the United
States Postal Service and suffered a job-related injury in 2001.
At the conclusion of the hearing, the district court sentenced Nicholson to five years probation, and further ordered
that he make restitution payments to the Office of Workers
Compensation Programs.
II.
On appeal, Nicholson contends that the district court failed
to comply with the mandates of Rule 11 when it did not
advise him of the possible termination of his FECA benefits
as a result of his guilty plea.2 He further argues that the district court conducted an insufficient inquiry into the effect of
pain medication on his competence to enter the guilty plea.
Finally, Nicholson challenges the district courts denial of his
motion to withdraw his guilty plea. We address each contention in turn.
A.
The first issue raised on appeal is whether the district court
erred when it failed to advise Nicholson that his FECA benefits could be terminated as a result of his guilty plea. Because
Nicholson did not preserve this challenge to the plea colloquy
in the district court, we review it for plain error. "To establish
plain error, the appealing party must show that an error (1)
was made, (2) is plain (i.e., clear or obvious), and (3) affects
substantial rights." United States v. Strieper, 666 F.3d 288,
295 (4th Cir. 2012) (quotation marks omitted). "Even if an
appellant satisfies these elements, we may exercise our discretion to correct the error only if it seriously affects the fairness,
integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings." Id.
(quotation marks omitted).
Rule 11 sets out the information a court is to convey to
2
2010), we specifically noted that courts have held that collateral consequences of a plea include the potential loss of federal benefits. Id. at 540.
Applying the foregoing principles, we hold that the loss of
government benefits was a collateral consequence of Nicholsons plea, and that therefore the district court was not
required to advise him of it pursuant to Rule 11. Under
Meyer, it is dispositive that an individual or entity other than
the district court was responsible for the termination of Nicholsons benefits. The district court had neither control nor
responsibility over that decision. Thus, even assuming the
validity of Nicholsons assertion that the loss of government
benefits was a definite consequence of his plea,4 it was nevertheless collateral because it was beyond the district courts
lateral consequence of a conviction. Id. In Padilla, the Court abrogated
Gonzalez to the extent that it held that the Sixth Amendment does not
require counsel to advise a defendant of the fact that "his plea carries a
risk of deportation." 130 S. Ct. at 1486. The Court specifically declined
to address "how to distinguish between direct and collateral consequences" of a guilty plea. Id. at 1481 n.8. Padilla also did not address district courts obligations under Rule 11. Post-Padilla, at least one circuit
has held that the decision did not alter the scope of a district courts obligations under Rule 11. See United States v. Delgado-Ramos, 635 F.3d
1237, 1239-41 (9th Cir. 2011).
Because the defendant in Padilla raised only a Sixth Amendment
claim, the Court had no occasion to consider the scope of a district courts obligation under Rule 11, whether a defendants due
process rights are violated if the court fails to inform him of the
immigration consequences of his plea, or the continued viability
of the distinction between direct and collateral consequences in
the due process context.
Id. at 1240. The Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules has echoed that
position, noting that "Padilla was based solely on the constitutional duty
of defense counsel, and it does not speak to the duty of judges." Report
of the Advisory Committee on Criminal Rules (Dec. 8, 2010).
4
We note again that the record is devoid of any evidence with respect
to the termination of Nicholsons benefits.
10
Relying on Damon, 191 F.3d at 564, Nicholson contends that the district court erred because it did not inquire into how much of the medication he had ingested, whether or not the medication affected his ability to
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