Shafts

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN
471.
A short stub shaft, made of SAE 1035, as rolled, receivers 30 hp at 300 rpm via a
12-in. spur gear, the power being delivered to another shaft through a flexible
coupling. The gear is keyed (profile keyway) midway between the bearings. The
pressure angle of the gear teeth 20 ; N 1.5 based on the octahedral shear
stress theory with varying stresses. (a) Neglecting the radial component R of the
tooth load W , determine the shaft diameter. (b) Considering both the tangential
and the radial components, compute the shaft diameters. (c) Is the difference in
the results of the parts (a) and (b) enough to change your choice of the shaft size?
Problem 471.
Solution:
For SAE 1035, as rolled
s y 55 ksi
su 85 ksi
sn 0.5su 0.5 85 42.5 ksi

A W cos
63,000hp 63,000 30
6300 in lb
n
300
AD
T
2
A12
6300
2
T
A 1050 lb
A W cos
1050 W cos 20
W 1118 lb
Shear stress
ss
16T 16 6300
d3
d3
ss sms
100,800
d3
sas 0
bending stress
Page 1 of 73
From Table AT 2
M
FL
4
(a) Negligible R :
AL 1050 16
M
4200 in lb
4
4
32 M 32 4200 134,400
d3
d3
d3
sm 0
s
sa s
se
134,400
d3
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
For profile keyway

K f 2.0
K fs 1.6
SF 0.85
K f sa 2.0 134,400 100,661
se
SF
0.85 d 3
d3
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
sns sn 42.5
1
s ys s y
55
1.294
ses
100,800
24,796

3
d3
d
sns
1
sms
s ys
1.294
Octahedral-shear theory
1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
100,661
1

1.5 42,500d 3
d 1.569 in
use d 1
1
2
24,796

0
.
577
42,500d 3
1
2
11
in
16
(b) Considering both radial and tangential component.
Page 2 of 73

WL 1118 16
4472 in lb
4
4
32 M 32 4472 143,104
s
d3
d3
d3
sm 0
sa s
se
143,104
d3
K f sa
SF
1 se

N sn
2.0143,104
0.85 d 3
ses
0.577 sn
107,180
1

1.5 42,500d 3
107,180
d3
1
2
24,796

3
0.577 42,500d
d 1.597 in
use d 1
1
2
11
in
16
(c) The difference in the results of the parts (a) and (b) is not enough to change the choice
of the shaft size.
472.
A cold-finished shaft, AISI 1141, is to transmit power that varies from 200 to 100
and back to 200 hp in each revolution at a speed of 600 rpm. The power is
received by a 20-in. spur gear A and delivered by a 10-in. spur gear C. The
tangential forces have each been converted into a force ( A and C shown) and a
couple (not shown). The radial component R of the tooth load is to be ignored
in the initial design. Let 2 and, considering varying stresses with the maximum
shear theory, compute the shaft diameter.
Problems 472 474

Solution:
For AISI 1141, cold-finished
s y 90 ksi
sn 50 ksi
sn
1
s y 1 .8
Page 3 of 73

SF 0.85
63,000hp
T
n
63,000 200
Tmax
21,000 in lb
600
63,000100
Tmin
10,500 in lb
600
1
1
Tm Tmax Tmin 21,000 10,500 15,750 in lb
2
2
1
1
Ta Tmax Tmin 21,000 10,500 5,250 in lb
2
2
16T
d3
1615,750 252,000
sms
d3
d3
16 5250 24,000
sas
d3
d3
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
ss
For profile keyway

K f 2.0
K fs 1.6
sns sn
1
s ys s y 1.8
1
.8
ses
252,000
1.6 84,000 94,894
d
0.85 d 3
d3
Bending stress, negligible radial load

T 21,000 in lb at 200 hp
For A:
20
A
T
2
A10 21,000
A 2100 lb at 200 hp
For C:
10
T
2
C 5 21,000
C 4200 lb at 200 hp
Page 4 of 73
0 A10 D 25 C 15
at 200 hp
210010 D 25 420015
D 1680 lb
AC B D
at 200 hp
2100 4200 B 1680
B 4620 lb
At 200 hp: A 2100 lb , B 4620 lb , C 4200 lb , D 1680 lb
Shear Diagram
Maximum moment at B
M 2100 10 21,000 in lb
32 M 32 21,000 672,000
d3
d3
d3
sm 0
sa s
672,000
d3
K f sa
2.0 672,000 503,304
sn
sm
0
sy
SF
0.85 d 3
d3
94,894
d3
se
ses
Maximum Shear Theory

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
5sn
1 503,304

2 50,000d 3
d 2.78 in
Page 5 of 73
1
2
94,894

3
0
.
5
50
,
000
d
1
2

use d 2
475.
3
in
4
A shaft S, of cold-drawn AISI 1137, is to transmit power received from shaft W,

which turns at 2000 rpm, through the 5-in. gear E and 15-in. gear A. The power is
delivered by the 10-in. gear C to gear G, and it varies from 10 hp to 100 hp and
back to 10 hp during each revolution of S. The design is to account for the
varying stresses, with calculations based on the octahedral shear stress theory. Let
N 1.8 and compute the shaft diameter, using only the tangential driving loads
for the first design.
Problem 475 477

Solution.
For AISI 1137, cold drawn
s y 93 ksi
su 103 ksi
sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi

sn sns 51.5
1
s y s ys
93
1.806
63,000hp
n
T
n
5 in. E
2000 rpm 667 rpm
15 in. A
63,000100
9450 in lb
667
63,00010
Tmin
945 in lb
667
1
1
Tm Tmax Tmin 9450 945 5197.5 in lb
2
2
1
1
Ta Tmax Tmin 9450 945 4252.5 in lb
2
2
Tmax
ss
16T
d3
sms
16 5197.5 83,160
d3
d3
Page 6 of 73

16 4252.5 68,040
d3
d3
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
sas
For profile keyway

K f 2.0
K fs 1.6
SF 0.85
1.806
ses
83,160
1.6 68,040 55,425

3
0.85 d 3
d3
d
Bending stress, using only tangential loads
For 100 hp:
T 9450 in lb
15
A
T
2
A 7.5 9450
A 1260 lb
For C:
10
T
2
C 5 9450
C 1890 lb
0 6 A 20 D 14C
61260 20 D 141890
D 945 lb
AC B D
1260 1890 B 945
B 2205 lb
Shear diagram
Page 7 of 73
Maximum moment at B
M 1260 6 7560 in lb
32M 32 7560 241,920
d3
d3
d3
sm 0
sa s
241,920
d3
K f sa 2.0 241,920 181,189

sn
sm
sy
SF
0.85 d 3
d3
55,425
d3
se
ses
Octahedral Shear Theory

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
1 181,189

2 51,500d 3
d 1.997 in
use d 2 in
478.
1
2
55,425

0
.
577
51,500d 3
1
2
A shaft made of AISI 1137, cold rolled, for a forage harvester is shown. Power is
supplied to the shaft by a vertical flat belt on the pulley A. At B, the roller
chain to the cutter exerts a force vertically upwards, and the V-belt to the
blower at C exerts a force vertically upwards. At maximum operating
conditions, the flat belt supplies 35 hp at 425 rpm, of which 25 hp is delivered
to the cutter and 10 hp to the blower. The two sections of the shaft are joined
by a flexible coupling at D and the various wheels are keyed (sled-runner
keyway) to the shafts. Allowing for the varying stresses on the basis of the
von Mises-Hencky theory of failure, decide upon the diameters of the shafts.
Choose a design factor that would include an allowance for rough loading.
Page 8 of 73
Problem 478.
Solution:
For AISI 1137, cold rolled
s y 93 ksi
su 103 ksi
sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi

sn sns 51.5
1
s y s ys
93
1.806
Pulley,
63,000hp 63,000 35
TA
5188 in lb
n
425
For flat-belt
2TA
4 5188

FA F1 F2 2 F2 F1 2
692 lb
30
DA
Sprocket,
63,000hp 63,000 25
TB
3706 in lb
n
425
For chain,
2T
2 3706
FB B
741 lb
DB
10
Sheave,
63,000hp 63,00010
TC
1482 in lb
n
425
For V-belt,
2TC
31482

FC F1 F2 1.5 F2 F1 1.5
445 lb
10
DC
Consider shaft ABD.
35 hp
Shaft ABD
Page 9 of 73
D'
6 8 4 FA 8 4 A'4 FB
18 692 12 A'4 741

A' 791 lb
FA D FB A
692 D 741 791
D 840 lb
Shear Diagram
Maximum M at A.
M 6 692 4152 in lb.
32 M 32 4152 132,864
d3
d3
d3
sm 0
132,864
d3
K f sa
s
se n sm
sy
SF
sa s
For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)

K f 1.6
K fs 1.6
SF 0.85
K f sa
1.60132,864 79,610
s
se n sm
0
sy
SF
0.85 d 3
d3
Page 10 of 73
at A T TA 5188 in lb
ss
16T 16 5188 83,008
d3
d3
d3
sms ss
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
83,000
14,630

3
d3
d
1.806
ses
Choose a design factor of 2.0

N 2.0
von Mises-Hencky theory of failure (Octahedral shear theory)

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
1 79,610

2 51,500 d 3
d 1.48 in
1
2
14,630

3
0.577 51,500d
1
2
1
2
use d 1 in
Consider shaft D-C
63,000hp 63,00010
TC
1482 in lb
n
425
For V-belt,
2TC
31482

FC F1 F2 1.5 F2 F1 1.5
445 lb
10
DC
C'
8 D 3FC
8 D 3 445
D 167 lb
C D FC
C 167 445
C 612 lb
Page 11 of 73

Shear Diagram
M 167 8 1336 in lb
32 M 321336 42,752
d3
d3
d3
s m 0 , sa s
K f sa
1.60 42,752 25,616
s
se n s m
0
sy
SF
0.85 d 3
d3
s
at C, TC 1482 in lb
16T 161482 23,712
d3
d3
d3
ss
ss
sms
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1
.
806
ses
1 se

N sn
23,712
4180
0
3
d
d3
ses

0
.
577
sn
1 25,616

2 51,500d 3
d 1.011 in
use d 1 in
479.
1
2
4180

3
0
.
577
51
,
500
d
1
2
A shaft for a punch press is supported by bearings D and E (with L = 24 in.) and
receives 25 hp while rotating at 250 rpm, from a flat-belt drive on a 44-in.
pulley at B, the belt being at 45o with the vertical. An 8-in. gear at A delivers
the power horizontally to the right for punching operation. A 1500-lb
flywheel at C has a radius of gyration of 18 in. During punching, the shaft
slows and energy for punching comes from the loss of kinetic energy of the
flywheel in addition to the 25 hp constantly received via the belt. A
reasonable assumption for design purposes would be that the power to A
doubles during punching, 25 hp from the belt, 25 hp from the flywheel. The
phase relations are such that a particular point in the section where the
maximum moment occurs is subjected to alternating tension and
compression. Sled-runner keyways are used for A, B, and C; material is colddrawn AISI 1137, use a design factor of N 2.5 with the octahedral shear
theory and account for the varying stresses. Determine the shaft diameters.
Page 12 of 73
Problems 479-480
Solution:
Flat-Belt Drive (B)
63,000hp 63,000 25
TB
6300 in lb
n
250
2TB
4 6300

FB F1 F2 2 F1 F2 2
573 lb
44
DB
Gear A, Doubled hp
63,000hp 63,000 25 25
TA
12,600 in lb
n
250
2T
212,600
FA A
3150 lb
DA
8
Loading:
Vertical:
Page 13 of 73
BV FB cos 45 573 cos 45 405 lb
61500 8 BV 24 EV
61500 8 405 24 EV
EV 510 lb
1500 EV DV BV
1500 510 DV 405

DV 1605 lb
Shear Diagram
M DV 61500 9000 in lb
M BV 16 510 8160 in lb
M AV 5 510 2550 in lb
Horizontal:
Page 14 of 73
Bh FB sin 45 573 sin 45 405 lb
8 Bh 24 Eh 19 FA
8 405 24 Eh 19 3150
Eh 2359 lb
Dh Bh Eh FA
Dh 405 2359 3150

Dh 386 lb
Shear Diagram
M Dh 0 in lb
M Bh 8 386 3088 in lb
M Ah 5 2359 11,795 in lb
MA
MB
M M 11,795 2550 12,068 in lb

M M 3088 8160 8725 in lb
2
Ah
AV
Bh
BV
M D 9000 in lb
Therefore
M max 12,068 in lb
Page 15 of 73

32 M 3212,068 386,176
d3
d3
d3
Maximum moment subjected to alternating tension and compression

sm 0
sa s
se
386,176
d3
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
For AISI 1137, cold-drawn,

s y 93 ksi
su 103 ksi
sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi
For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)

K f 1.6
K fs 1.6
SF 0.85
1.60 386,176 231,386
se 0
0.85 d 3
d3
At A, 50 hp max. and 25 hp min.

50 hp
63,000hp 63,000 25 25
12,600 in lb
n
250
2T
212,600
FA A
3150 lb
DA
8
16T 1612,600 201,600
s s max
d3
d3
d3
TA
25 hp
63,000hp 63,000 25
6,300 in lb
n
250
2T
2 6,300
FA A
1575 lb
DA
8
16T 16 6,300 100,800
ss min
d3
d3
d3
TA
1
,800
151,200

ss max ss min 1 201,600 100
3
2
2
d
d3
1
1 201,600 100,800
50,400

ss max ss min
2
2
d3
d3
sms
sas
Page 16 of 73

K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
151,200
1.6 50,400 56,848

3
0.85 d 3
d3
d
1.806
ses
1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
1
231,386

2 51,500d 3
1
2
56,848
3
0.577 51,500d
d 2.14 in
say d 2
1
2
3
in
16
THRUST LOADS
481.
A cold-drawn monel propeller shaft for a launch is to transmit 400 hp at 1500 rpm
without being subjected to a significant bending moment; and Le k 40 . The
efficiency of the propeller is 70 % at 30 knots (1.152 mph/knot). Consider that
the number of repetitions of the maximum power at the given speed is 2x 10 5. Let
N 2 based on the maximum shear theory with varying stress. Compute the
shaft diameter.
Solution:
For cold-drawn monel shaft, Table AT 10
s y 75 ksi
sn 42 ksi at 108
at 2 x 105
108
sn 42
5
2 10
0.085
71.23 ksi
sn sns 71.23
1
s y s ys
75
1.053
63,000hp 63,000 400
16,800 in lb
n
1500
16T
1616,800 268,800
ss
3
D
D3
D3
s ms ss
s as 0
ses
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
SF 0.85
assume K f K fs 1.0
Page 17 of 73

268,800
81,255
0
3
D
D3
1
.
053
ses
Fvm
hp
33,000
vm 30 knots 1.152 mph knot 5280 ft mi 1 hr 60 min 3041 fpm
F 3041
0.70 400
33,000
F 3040 lb
4F
4 3040 12,160
2
D
D2
D2
sm s
sa 0
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
1.053
se
12,160
3676
0
2
D2
D
Maximum Shear Theory

1 se

N sn
ses

0.5sn
1
3676

2 71,230 D 2
1
1
2 19.377 D 2
1
2
81,255

3
0.5 71,230 D
2.2815
D3
1
2
1
2
By trial and error

D 1.66 in 1
482.
11
in
16
A shaft receives 300 hp while rotating at 600 rpm, through a pair of bevel gears,
and it delivers this power via a flexible coupling at the other end. The shaft is
designed with the average forces ( at the midpoint of the bevel-gear face); the
tangential driving force is F , G 580 lb , Q 926 lb ; which are the
rectangular components of the total reaction between the teeth; Dm 24 in ,
L 36 in , a 10 in . Let the material be AISI C1045, cold drawn; N 2 .
Considering varying stresses and using the octahedral shear theory, determine the
shaft diameter.
Page 18 of 73
Problems 482, 485, 486.

Solution:
For AISI C1045, cold drawn
s y 85 ksi
su 100 ksi
sn 0.5su 0.5100 50 ksi

SF 0.85
sn sns 50
1
s y s ys 85 1.7
63,000hp 63,000 300
31,500 in lb
600
600
16T
16 31,500 504,000
ss
3
D
D3
D3
s ms ss
s as 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1.7
ses
504,000
94,370
0
3
D3
D
Dm
T
2
24
31,500
2
F 2625 lb
Vertical:
Page 19 of 73
Dm
24
926
11,112 in lb
2
2
G 580 lb
0
QDm
Av 36
G 10 0
2
QDm
G 10 Av 36
2
11,112 58010 Av 36
B
Av 148 lb
Av Bv 580 lb
148 Bv 580 lb
Bv 432 lb
Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
M Cv 11,112 in lb
M Bv 5328 in lb
Horizontal:
Page 20 of 73
Ah 36 262510
Ah 729 lb
Bh Ah F
Bh 725 2625
Bh 3354 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ch 0
M Bh 36 729 26,244 in lb
Maximum M
M MB
M M
2
Bh
26,244 2 5328 2 26,780 in lb

32 26,780 4 926 856,960 3,704
BV
smax
32 M
4Q
3
D
D2
smin
4Q
32 M 3704 856,960
2
D
D3 D 2
D3
D3
D2
D3
1
smax smin
2
1 856,960 3704 3704 856,960
3704

sm
3
2
2
3
2 D
D
D
D
D2
1
sa smax smin
2
856,960
sa
D3
sm
Page 21 of 73
D2

K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
assume K f 1.0 at B
1
1.7
3704 1.0
2
D 0.85
se
856,960
964 320,916
2
3
D
D3
D
Octahedral Shear Theory

1 se

N sn
1
2
ses

0
.
577
sn
694 320,916
1 D2
D3

2
50,000

1
2
94,370
0
.
577
50
,
000
D
1
6.42

2
72
D
D3

3.27
3
D
1
2
By trial and error, use

D2
483.
1
in
2
The worm shown is to deliver 65.5 hp steadily at 1750 rpm. It will be integral
with the shaft if the shaft size needed permits, and its pitch diameter 3 in. The 12in. pulley receives the power from a horizontal belt in which the tight tension
F1 2.5 F2 . The forces (in kips) on the worm are as shown, with the axial force
taken by bearing B. The strength reduction factor for the thread roots may be
taken as K f 1.5 , shear or bending. The shaft is machined from AISI 1045, as
rolled. (a) For N 2.2 (Soderberg criterion) by the octahedral-shear theory,
compute the required minimum diameter at the root of the worm thread (a first
approximation). (b) What should be the diameter of the shaft 2.5 in. to the left of
the centerline of the worm? (c) Select a shaft size D and check it at the pulley A.
Problem 483.
Solution:
For AISI 1045, as rolled
s y 59 ksi
su 96 ksi
sn 0.5su 48 ksi
sn sns 48
1
s y s ys 59 1.229
Page 22 of 73

63,000hp 63,000 65.5
2358 in lb
1750
1750
F1 F2 12 T
2
2.5F2 F2 6 2358
F2 262 lb
F1 2.5 F2 655 lb
FA F1 F2 655 262 917 lb
Horizontal
917 6 1570 6.5 13Eh

Eh 1208 lb
917 Eh Bh 1570
917 1208 Bh 1570

Bh 555 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ah 0
M Bh 917 6 5502 in lb
M Ch 1208 6.5 7852 in lb

Vertical:
Page 23 of 73

3
3810 in lb
2
M 2540
M 1170 6.5 13Bv
3810 1170 6.5 13Bv

Bv 878 lb
Ev Bv 1170
Ev 878 1170
Ev 292 lb
Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
M Av 0
M Bv 0
M Cv 5707 in lb
M
MA
MB
MC
Mh 2 Mv 2
0 2 0 2 0
5502 2 0 2 5502 in lb
7852 2 5707 2 9707 in lb
(a) Minimum diameter at the root of the warm thread.

K f K fs 1.5
M M C 9707 in lb
Page 24 of 73

F 2540 lb
32 M
4F
32 9707 4 2540 310,624 10,160
3
2
Dr Dr
Dr3
Dr2
Dr3
Dr2
310,624 10,160
Dr3
Dr2
smax
smin
sm
1
smax smin
2
sm
10,160
Dr2
1
smax smin
2
310,624
sa
Dr3
K f sa
s
se n sm
sy
SF
sa
1.229
se
ss
10,160 1.5
2
Dr 0.85
16T 16 2358 12,000
Dr3
Dr3
Dr3
310,624
2632 174,485
3
Dr2
Dr3
Dr
sms ss
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1 12,000
9764
0

3
Dr3
1.229 Dr
N 2.2 , Octahedral shear theory
ses
1 se

N sn
1
2
ses

0
.
577
sn
2632 174,485

1
Dr2
Dr3

2.2
48,000

1
2
9764
3
0.577 48,000 Dr
1
3.635
2
Dr3
18.24 Dr
By trial and error

Dr 2.023 in
1
say Dr 2 in
16
(b) D shaft diameter 2.5 in. to the left of the center line of worm
r
3
in
16
Page 25 of 73
3
2.84 Dr
1
2

Figure AF 12
3
r
16
0.1
3
d
2.023 2 2
16
D
2.023
1.2
3
2.023 2 2
16
K f K t 1.65
K fs K ts 1.34
at 2.5 in to the shaft
M h 917 6 362 6.5 2.5 6950 in lb

M v 878 6.5 2.5 3512 in lb
6950 2 3512 2
7787 in lb
10,160
sm
D2
32M 32 7787 249,184
D3
D3
D3
K f sa
s
se n sm
sy
SF
sa
1.229
se
ses
10,160 1.65
2
D 0.85
249,184
2632 153,970
3
D2
D3
D
9764
D3
1 se

N sn
1
2
ses

0
.
577
sn
2632 153,970

2
1
D3
D
2.2
48,000

9764

3
0
.
577
48
,
000
By trial and error

D 1.9432 in
say D 1
15
in
16
(c) Selecting D 1
15
in 1.9375 in
16
At the pulley A, or 3 in. right of centerline

M h 917 3 2751 in lb
Mv 0
M 2751 in lb
For sled runner keyway

Page 26 of 73
1
2
1
3.21

2
18
.
24
D
D3

3
2
.
84
D
1
2

K f 1.6
K fs 1.6
sm 0
sa
32 M
32 2751
3853 psi
3
3
D
1.9375
se
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
1 .6
3853 7253 psi
0.85
9764
ses
1343 psi
1.9375 3
se 0
1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
7253
1

N
48,000
1
2
1343

0.577 48,000
N 6.30 2.2 , therefore o.k.
484.
1
2
A propeller shaft as shown is to receive 300 hp at 315 rpm from the right through
a flexible coupling. A 16-in. pulley is used to drive an auxiliary, taking 25 hp.
The belt pull FB is vertically upward. The remainder of the power is delivered
to a propeller that is expected to convert 60% of it into work driving the boat, at
which time the boat speed is 1500 fpm. The thrust is to be taken by the right-hand
bearing. Let N 2 ; material cold-worked stainless 410. Use the octahedral shear
theory with varying stresses. (a) Determine the shaft size needed assuming no
buckling. (b) Compute the equivalent column stress. Is this different enough to
call for another shaft size? Compute N by the maximum shear stress theory,
from both equations (8.4) and (8.11).
Problem 484.
Solution:
For stainless 410, cold-worked
s y 85 ksi
sn 53 ksi
SF 0.85
Belt drive
Page 27 of 73

63,000hp 63,000 25
5000 in lb
n
315
2TB
4 5000

FB F1 F2 2 F1 F2 2
1250 lb
16
DB
TB
Propeller
63,000hp 63,000 300 25
TP
55,000 in lb
n
315
Thrust
Fvm hp 33,000
F 1500 0.60 300 25 33,000
F 3630 lb
Vertical loading
201250 60C
C 417 lb
A C FB
A 417 1250
A 833 lb
Shear Diagram
M B 20 833 16,660 in lb
Maximum T at B
T TB TP 60,000 in lb
(a) Shaft size assuming no buckling

M 16,660 in lb
Page 28 of 73

F 3630 lb
4F
4 3630 14,520
2
D
D2
D2
32 M 3216,660 533,120
sa
D3
D3
D3
sm
For sled-runner keyway

K f 1.6
K fs 1.6
sn sns 53
1
s y s ys 85 1.604
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
1.604
14,520 1.6
2
D 0.85
se
ss sms
533,120
2882 319,430
3
D2
D3
D
16
16 60,000 960,000
3
D
D3
D3
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
960,000
190,510
0
2
D
D3
1
.
604
ses
1 se

N sn
1
2
ses

sns
2
N 2 , Octahedral Shear Theory, sns 0.577 sn

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
2882 319,430
1 D2
D3

2
53,000

1
2
190,510

53,000 D 3
0
.
577
D 2.6 in
5
8
say D 2 in 2.625 in
(b) Equivalent Column Stress
4F
D2
Le 12 60 10 82 in
Page 29 of 73
By trial and error
1
2
1
6.027

2
D3
18.39 D
6.230
3
D
1
2

1
1
D 2.625 0.65625 in
4
4
Le
82
125 120
k 0.65625
Use Eulers equation
2
Le
sy
2
85125
k
4.486
2E
2 30 103
4F
4 3630
s
4.486 3000 psi

2
2
D
2.625
Since 1 , it is different enough to call for another shaft size.
Solving for N by maximum shear theory.
2882 319,430
2882
319,430
18,078 psi
2
2
3
D
D
2.625 2.625 3
190,510
ses
10,533 psi
2.625 3
se
Equation (8.4)
s
ss2
1
2
10,533
18,078
0.5sn 0.5 53,000
1.91
13,880
1
2
13,880 psi
Equation (8.11) sns 0.5sn

1 s

N sn
1
2
ss

sns
2
N 1.91
18,078

53,000
10,533

53,000
0
.
5
1
2
CHECK PROBLEMS
485.
A 3-in. rotating shaft somewhat as shown (482) carries a bevel gear whose mean
diameter is Dm 10 in and which is keyed (profile) to the left end. Acting on the
gear are a radial force G 1570.8 lb , a driving force Q 3141.6 lb . The thrust
force is taken by the right-hand bearing. Let a 5 in and L 15 in ; material,
AISI C1040, annealed. Base calculations on the maximum shearing stress theory
with variable stress. Compute the indicated design factor N . With the use of a
sketch, indicate the exact point of which maximum normal stress occurs.
Solution:
For AISI C1040, annealed, Figure AF 1
s y 48 ksi
su 80 ksi
Page 30 of 73

sn 0.5su 40 ksi
sn sns 40
1
s y s ys 48 1.2
FDm 6283.2 10
31,416 in lb
2
2
16T 16 31,416
ss
5926 psi
3
D3
3
sms ss
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1
5926 0 4940 psi
1 .2
ses
Vertical
QDm 3141.6 10
15,708 in lb
2
2
M E 0
QDm
5G 15 AV
2
15,708 51570.8 15 AV
AV 523.6 lb
AV BV G
523.6 BV 1570.8
BV 1047.2 lb
Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
Page 31 of 73
M CV 15,708 in lb
M BV 7854 in lb
Horizontal
15 Ah 5 6283.2
Ah 2094.4 lb
Bh Ah F
Bh 2094.4 6283.2
Bh 8377.6 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ch 0
M Bh 15 2094.4 31,416 in lb
Page 32 of 73

Maximum Moment
M
2
M B2h M Bv
31,416 2 7854 2
32,383 in lb
Since thrust force is taken by the right-hand bearing

sms 0
sas
se
32 M 32 32,383
12,217 psi
3
D3
3
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
Assume K f 1.0 at the bearing B

1.0
12,217 14,373 psi
0.85
se 0
Maximum shear theory sns 0.5sn

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
5sn
14,373
1

N
40,000
N 2.3
1
2
4940

0.5 40,000
1
2
Location of maximum normal stress
487.
A 2 7/16-in. countershaft in a machine shop transmits 52 hp at 315 rpm. It is made

of AISI 1117, as rolled, and supported upon bearing A and B, 59-in. apart. Pulley
C receives the power via a horizontal belt, and pulley D delivers it vertically
downward, as shown. Calculate N based on the octahedral-shear-stress theory
considering varying stresses.
Page 33 of 73
Problem 487, 488

Solution:
For AISI 1117, as rolled
s y 44.3 ksi
su 70.6 ksi
sn 0.5su 35.3 ksi
sn sns 35.3
1
s y s ys 44.3 1.255
SF 0.85
63,000 52
T
10,400 in lb
315
Pulley C
2T
410,400

FC F1 F2 2 F2 F1 2
2311 lb
D
18
C
Pulley D
2T
410,400

FD F1 F2 2 F2 F1 2
1664 lb
D
25
D
Horizontal
15 2311 59 Bh
Bh 588 lb
Ah Bh 2311
Ah 588 2311
Page 34 of 73

Ah 1723 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ch 172315 25,845 in lb
M Dh 172315 588 26 10,557 in lb

Vertical
181664 59 Av
Av 508 lb
Av Bv 1664
508 Bv 1664
Bv 1156 lb
Shear Diagram
M Cv 50815 7620 in lb
M Dv 1156 18 20,808 in lb
Page 35 of 73

MC
M C2h M C2v
MD
M D2 h M D2 v
25,845 2 7620 2
26,945 in lb
10,557 2 20,808 2
23,333 in lb
Maximum M at C
M M C 26,945 in lb
sm 0
32M
sa
D3
7
D2
in 2.4375 in
16
32 26,945
18,952 psi
3
2.4375
assume K f K fs 1.0
sa
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
1.018,952 22,300 psi

1
0
0.85
1.255
16T
1610,400
ss
3658 psi
3
3
D
2.4375
sms ss 3658 psi
sas 0
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
1
3658 0 2915 psi
1.255
Octahedral shear theory sns 0.577 sn
ses
1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
22,300
1

N
35,300
N 1.544
489.
1
2
2915

0
.
577
35
,
300
1
2
A shaft for a general-purpose gear-reduction unit supports two gears as shown.

The 5.75-in. gear B receives 7 hp at 250 rpm. The 2.25-in. gear A delivers the
power, with the forces on the shaft acting as shown; the gear teeth have a
Ah Bh
1
pressure angle of 14
( tan
). Both gears are keyed (profile) to
Av Bv
2
the shaft of AISI 1141, cold rolled. (a) If the fillet radius is 1/8 in. at bearing D,
Page 36 of 73

where the diameter is 1 3/8 in., compute N based on the octahedral-shear-stress
theory (Soderberg line). The shaft diameter at A is 1 11/16 in. What is N here?
Problem 489, 490

Solution:
For AISI 1141, cold rolled
s y 90 ksi
sn 50 ksi
sn sns 50
1
s y s ys 90 1.8
SF 0.85
63,000 7
T
1764 in lb
250
16T
sms
D 3
sas 0
Gear B:
5.75
T 1764 in lb
2
Bv 614 lb
Bh Bv tan 614 tan 14.5 159 lb
Bv
Gear A:
2.25
T 1764 in lb
2
Av 1568 lb
Ah Av tan 1568 tan 14.5 406 lb
Av
Vertical
Page 37 of 73
8Cv 41568 3 614

Cv 554 lb
Cv Dv Av Bv
554 Dv 1568 614
Dv 1628 lb
Shear Diagram
M Av 554 4 2216 in lb
M Dv 614 3 1842 in lb
Horizontal
4 406 8 Dh 11159
Dh 16 lb
Ch Bh Ah Dh
Ch 159 406 16
Ch 263 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ah 263 4 1052 in lb
Page 38 of 73
M Dh 159 3 477 in lb
MA
M A2h M A2v
1052 2 2216 2
MD
M D2 h M D2 v
477 2 1842 2
1903 in lb
(a) At bearing D
1
in
8
3
d 1 in
8
r
0.125
0.10
d 1.375
D 1.375 0.25
1.2
d
1.375
r
K t K f 1.6
K ts K fs 1.34
M MD
sm 0
sa
32 M
321903
7456 psi
3
3
d
1.375
se
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se 0
sms
1.6 7456 14,035 psi
0.85
16T
161764
3456 psi
3
3
D
1.375
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1
3456 0 1920 psi
1.8
ses
Octahedral shear theory

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
14,035
1

N
50,000
N 3.28
(b) At A
Page 39 of 73
1
2
3456

0
.
577
50
,
000
1
2
2453 in lb

For profile keyway
K f 2.0 , K fs 1.6
11
in 1.6875 in
16
M M A 2453 in lb
sm 0
32 M
32 2453
sa
5200 psi
3
3
d
1.6875
K f sa
s
se n sm
sy
SF
d 1
se 0
sms
2.0 5200 12,235 psi
0.85
16T
161764
1870 psi
3
3
D
1.6875
sas 0
K fs sas
sns
sms
s ys
SF
ses
1
1870 0 1040 psi
1.8
ses

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
12,235
1

N
50,000
1
2
1040

0
.
577
50,000
1
2
N 4.043
THRUST LOADS
491.
The high-speed shaft of a worm-gear speed reducer, made of carburized AISI

8620, SOQT 450 F, is subjected to a torque of 21,400 in-lb. Applied to the right
end with no bending. The force on the worm has three components: a horizontal
force opposing rotation of W 6180 lb , a vertical radial force S 1940 lb , and
a rightward thrust of F 6580 lb . The shaft has the following dimensions:
a 6,
b4
h 10.370 ,
7
,
8
c 10 ,
D1 3.740 ,
r1 0.098 , r2 r3
9
,
16
13
D2 4
,
16
d 4
e2
3
,
4
D3 4 ,
f 13
9
,
16
g 11.646 ,
D4 3.3469 , D5 3.253 ,
3
1
, r4 0.098 , r5
, all in inches. The pitch diameter
4
16
of the worm, 6.923 in., is the effective diameter for the point of application of the
Page 40 of 73

forces. The root diameter, 5.701 in. is used for stress calculations. The left-hand
bearing takes the thrust load. Calculate N based on the octahedral-shear-stress
theory with varying stresses. (Data courtesy of Cleveland Worm and Gear
Company.)
Problem 491
Solution:
Table AT 11n For AISI 8620, SOQT 450 F
s y 120 ksi
su 167 ksi
sn 0.5su 83.5 ksi
sn sns 83.5
1
s y s ys 120 1.437
SF 0.85
T 21,400 in lb
Vertical
6.923
6.923
6580
22,777 in lb
2
2
M F
22,777 11.646 1940 11 .646 10.370 Gv

Gv 2061 lb
S Av Gv
1940 Av 2061
Av 121 lb
Page 41 of 73

Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
M Av 0
M Bv 1211.2035 146 in lb
M Cv 1211.2035 4.875 736 in lb
M Dv 1211.2035 4.875 5.5675 1409 in lb at left side
M Dv 1409 M 1409 22,777 21,368 in lb at right side

M Ev 21,368 2061 4.4325 12,233 in lb
M Fv 12,233 2061 4.5625 2830 in lb
M Gv 2830 20611.375 0
Horizontal
11.646 6180 11.646 10.370 Gh

Gh 3269 lb
Ah Gv W
Ah 3269 6180
Ah 2911 lb
Shear Diagram
Page 42 of 73
Moment Diagram
M Ah 0
M Bh 29111.2035 3500 in lb
M Ch 29111.2035 4.875 17,695 in lb

M Dh 33,900 in lb
M Eh 33,900 3269 4.4325 19,410 in lb

M Fh 19,410 3269 4.5625 4495 in lb
M Fh 4495 3269 1.375 0

Combined
M
MA
MB
MC
MD
MD
ME
MF
MG
M h2 M v2
0 2 0 2 0 in lb
3500 2 146 2 3503 in lb
17,695 2 736 2 17,710 in lb
33,900 2 1409 2 33,930 in lb (left)
33,900 2 21,368 2 40,073 in lb (right)
19,410 2 12,233 2 22,944 in lb
2830 2 4495 2 5312 in lb
0 2 0 2 0 in lb
Bending stresses (Maximum)

At A, s A 0
32M B 32 3503
682 psi
At B, s B
D13 3.740 3
32M C 3217,710
1618 psi
At C, sC
D23 4.8125 3
Page 43 of 73
32 M D 32 40,073
2203 psi
3
Dr3
5.701
32 M E 32 22,944
3652 psi
At E, s E
3
D33
4
32 M F
32 5312
1443 psi
At F, s F
3
D4 3.3469 3
At G, sG 0
At D, sD
Shear Stresses:
16T 16 21,400
ssA ssB
2083 psi
D13 3.740 3
16T 16 21,400
ssC
978 psi
D23 4.8125 3
16T 16 21,400
ssD
588 psi
Dr3 5.701 3
16T 16 21,400
ssE
1703 psi
3
D33
4
16T 16 21,400
ssF ssG
2907 psi
D43 3.3469 3
Tensile stresses: F 6580 lb
4F
4 6580
sA sB
599 psi
2
D1 3.740 2
4F
4 6580
sC
362 psi
2
D2 4.8125 2
4F
4 6580
sD
258 psi
2
Dr 5.701 2
4F
4 6580
sE
524 psi
2
2
D3
4
4F
4 6580
sE sF
748 psi
2
D4 3.3469 2
r1
0.098
0.03
D1 3.740
D2 4.8125
1.3
D1
3.740
Figure AF 12
At B:
K f K t 2.3
K fs K ts 1.7
Page 44 of 73

K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
sm sB 599 psi
sa s B 682 psi
1
2.3 682 2262 psi
599
0.85
1.437
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms ssB 2083 psi
sas 0
1
2083 0 1450 psi
1.437
ses

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
2262
1

N
83,500
1
2
1450

0.577 83,500
N 24.7
1
2
r2
0.75
0.16
D2 4.8125
Dr
5.701
1.2
D2 4.8125
Figure AF 12
At C:
K f K t 1.5
K fs K ts 1.2
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
sm 362 psi
sa 1618 psi
1
1.51618 3107 psi
362
0.85
1.437
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms s sC 978 psi

sas 0
1
978 0 681 psi
1.437
ses
Page 45 of 73

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
3107
1

N
83,500
1
2
681

0.577 83,500
1
2
N 25.1
At D:
Assume K f 1.5 as in Prob. 483
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
sm 258 psi
sa 2203 psi
1
1.5 2203 4067 psi
258
1
.
437
0.85
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms ssD 588 psi

sas 0
1
588 0 409 psi
1.437
ses

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
4067
1

N
83,500
409

0
.
577
83
,
500
N 20.2
r3
0.75
0.19
D3
4
Dr 5.701
1.43
D3
4
Figure AF 12
At E:
K f K t 1.45
K fs K ts 1.25
se
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
sm sE 524 psi
sa s E 3652 psi
Page 46 of 73
1
2
1
2
1.45 3652 6595 psi

1
524
0.85
1.437
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms s sE 1703 psi
sas 0
1
1703 0 1185 psi
1
.
437
ses

1 se

N sn
ses
0.577 sn
6595
1

N
83,500

1
2
1185

0
.
577
83
,
500
N 12
1
2
r4
0.098
0.03
D4 3.3469
D3
4
1.2
D4 3.3469
Figure AF 12
At F:
K f K t 2.3
K fs K ts 1.7
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
sm sF 748 psi
sa sF 1443 psi
1
2.31443 4425 psi
748
0.85
1.437
K
s
s
fs as
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms s sF 2907 psi

sas 0
1
2907 0 2023 psi
1.437
ses

1 se

N sn
ses

0.577 sn
Page 47 of 73
1
2

4425
1

N
83,500

2023

0
.
577
83
,
500
N 14.8
Then N 12 at r3
492.
1
2
3
in (E)
4
The slow-speed shaft of a speed reducer shown, made of AISI 4140, OQT 1200 F,
transmits 100 hp at a speed of 388 rpm. It receives power through a 13.6 in. gear
B. The force on this gear has three components: a horizontal tangential driving
force Ft 2390 lb , a vertical radial force S 870 lb , and a thrust force
Q 598 lb taken by the right-hand bearing. The power is delivered to a belt at
F that exerts a downward vertical force of 1620 lb.; sled runner keyways. Use
the octahedral shear theory with the Soderberg line and compute N at sections
C and D. (Data courtesy of Twin Disc Clutch Company.)
Problem 492, 493

Solution:
For AISI 4140, OQT 1200 F
s y 83 ksi
su 112 ksi
sn 0.5su 56 ksi
sn sns 56
1
s y s ys 83 1.482
SF 0.85
63,000100
T
16,237 in lb
388
Vertical
Page 48 of 73
13.6
13.6
598
4066.4 in lb
2
2
M Q
3
5
5
3
7
11 13
3
3
1 870 1 1 3 1
1
2 1620 4066.4
16
8
8
8
32
32 16
4
16
5
3
7
3
1 1 3 1 Gv
8
8
32
16
Gv 3573 lb
Av S F Gv
Av 870 1620 3573
Av 1083 lb
Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
Page 49 of 73
M Av 0
3
M Pv 1083 1 1286 in lb
16
5
M Bv 1286 1083 1 3046 in lb at the left
8
M Bv 3046 4066.4 1021 in lb at the right
3
M Cv 1021 1953 3 5570 in lb
8
7
M Gv 5570 1953 1 7950 in lb
32
11
M Dv 7950 1620 1 5773 in lb
32
13
M Ev 5773 1620
4457 in lb
16
3
M Fv 4457 1620 2 0 in lb
4
Horizontal
13
19
13
2390 2 4 Gh
32
16
16
Gh 908 lb
2
Page 50 of 73

Ah Gh Ft
Ah 908 2390
Ah 1482 lb
Shear Diagram
M Ah 0
3
M Ph 1482 1 1760 in lb
16
5
M Bh 1760 1482 1 4168 in lb
8
3
M Ch 4168 908 3 1104 in lb
8
7
M Ch 1104 908 1 0 in lb
32
M Dh 0 in lb
M Eh 0 in lb
M Fh 0 in lb
Combined
M
M h2 M v2
M A 0 in lb
MP
MB
MC
MD
ME
MF
1760 2 1286 2 2180 in lb

4168 2 3046 2 5163 in lb
1104 2 5570 2 5678 in lb
0 2 5773 2 5773 in lb
0 2 4457 2 4457 in lb
0 2 0 2 0 in lb
at C: r
1
in 0.125 in
8
d 2.750 in
D 2.953 in
Page 51 of 73

r
0.125
0.05
d 2.750
D 2.953
1.10
d
2.750
Figure AF 12
K f 1 K t 1.9
K fs1 K ts 1.3
For sled runner keyway

K f 2 1.6
K fs 2 1.6
K f 0.8 K f 1 K f 2 0.81.9 1.6 2.4
K fs 0.8 K fs1 K fs 2 0.81.31.6 1.7
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
4Q
4 598
101 psi
2
2
d
2.750
32M C 32 5678
sa
2781 psi
d3
2.750 3
sm
1
2.4 2781 7920 psi
101
0.85
1.482
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms
16T 1616,237
3976 psi
d 3 2.750 3
sas 0
1
3976 0 2683 psi
1.482
ses

1 se

N sn
7920
1

N
56,000

ses
0.577 sn
2
1
2
2683

0
.
577
56
,
000
N 6
at D: r
1
in 0.0625 in
16
d 2.953 in
D3
3
in 3.375 in
8
Page 52 of 73
1
2

r
0.0625
0.02
d
2.953
D 3.375
1.14
d
2.953
Figure AF 12
K f K t 2.4
K fs K ts 1.6
K f sa
sn
sm
sy
SF
se
4Q
4 598
87.3 psi
2
2
d
2.953
32 M C 32 5773
sa
2284 psi
d3
2.953 3
sm
2.4 2284 6508 psi

1
87.3
0.85
1.482
K fs sas
s
ses ns sms
s ys
SF
se
sms
16T 1616,237
3211 psi
d 3 2.953 3
sas 0
1
3211 0 2167 psi
1.482
ses

1 se

N sn
ses

0
.
577
sn
6508
1

N
56,000
1
2
2167

0.577 56,000
N 7.5
1
2
TRANSVERSE DEFLECTIONS
494.
The forces on the 2-in. steel shaft shown are A 2 kips , C 4 kips . Determine
the maximum deflection and the shafts slope at D.
Problems 494-496
Page 53 of 73

Solution:
M B 0
210 25 D 415
D 1.6 kips
Fv 0
AC B D
2 4 B 1.6
B 4.4 kips
Shear Diagram
Moment Diagram
M
64 M
EI E D 4
M in kip
A
0
B
-20
C
16
D
0
M 4 4
D 10
EI
-135.8
108.6
Page 54 of 73
Scale s s 10 in in
M
200 10 4
, Scale sM
per in
EI
EI
D4
4
Slope , Scale s 0.2 D rad in
y deflection, Scale s y 2.0 D 4 in in
Page 55 of 73
Deflection:
0.625
in
D4
0.375
in
At C: yC
D4
Slope:
0.075
rad
At A:
D4
0.0125
rad
At B:
D4
0.05625
rad
At D:
D4
At A: y A
Maximum deflection:
y yA
0.625
0.04 in
2 4
Shafts slope at D
495.
0.05625
0.0035 rad
2 4
The forces on the steel shaft shown are A 2 kips , C 4 kips . Determine the
constant shaft diameter that corresponds to a maximum deflection of 0.006 in. at
section C.
Solution:
(see Problem 494)
0.375
yC
0.006
D4
D 2.812 in
say D 2
496.
7
in
8
The forces on the steel shaft shown are A 2 kips , C 4 kips . Determine a
constant shaft diameter that would limit the maximum deflection at section A to
0.003 in.
Solution:
(see Problem 494)
Page 56 of 73

yA
0.625
0.003
D4
D 3.80 in
say D 3
497.
7
in
8
A steel shaft is loaded as shown and supported in bearings at R1 and R2 .

Determine (a) the slopes at the bearings and (b) the maximum deflection.
Problem 497
Solution:
M R1 0
3000
7
1
1 7
1
7
7
1 2100 2 1 2 2 R2
8
4 8
4
8
8
8
R2 444 lb
F 0
R1 R2 2100 3000
R1 444 2100 3000
R1 1344 lb
Loading
Shear Diagram
Page 57 of 73
Moment Diagram
M A 0 in lb
7
M B 1344 1176 in lb
8
1
7
M C 1134 1 2688 in lb
8
8
1
M D 2688 1656 1 825 in lb
8
M E 825 1656 1 831 in lb
M F 831 444 1 387 in lb
7
M G 387 444 0 in lb
8
M in kips
D in
M EI 10
4
A
0
1
B1
1.18
1
B2
1.18
2
C
2.69
2
D1
0.83
2
D2
0.83
1
E
-0.83
1
F1
-0.39
1
F2
-0.39
1
G
0
1
1.58
0.50
1.14
0.35
0.60
-0.60
-0.28
-0.52
Scale ss 2 in in
Page 58 of 73
M
2 10 4
, Scale sM
per in
EI
EI
D4
Slope , Scale s 4 10 4 D 4 rad in
y deflection, Scale s y 8 10 4 D 4 in in
Page 59 of 73
(a) Slopes at the bearings
at R1 , A 0.375 4 10 4 1.5 10 4 rad

at R2 , G 0 rad
(b) Maximum deflection
4
4
at C, yC 0.1875 8 10 1.5 10 in
498.
(a) Determine the diameter of the steel shaft shown if the maximum deflection is
to be 0.01 in.; C 1.5 kips , A 1.58 kips , L 24 in . (b) What is the slope of
the shaft at bearing D? See 479.
Problems 498, 505, 506.

Solution:
Vertical
Page 60 of 73
61.5 8 0.424 24 Ev
Ev 0.516 kip
Dv 0.424 1.5 Ev
Dv 0.424 1.5 0.516
Dv 1.592 kip
Shear Diagram
M C 0 ; M D 61.5 9 in kips
M B 9 8 0.092 8.264 in kips

M A 8.264 11 0.516 2.588 in kips
M E 2.588 5 0.516 0
M in kips
M EI D 10
4
C
0
0
D
-9
-61.1
Scale ss 8 in in
M
120 10 4
, Scale sM
per in
EI
EI
D4
Page 61 of 73
B
-8.264
-56.1
A
-2.588
-17.6
E
0
0
4
Deflections.
0.384
yC
in
D4
v
Page 62 of 73

0.288
in
D4
0.168
y Av
in
D4
Slope
0.057
Dv
rad
D4
Horizontal
y Bv
8 0.424 24 Eh 191.58
Eh 1.1095 kip
Dh Eh 0.424 1.58
Dh 1.1095 0.424 1.58
Dh 0.0465 kip
Shear Diagram
Moments
MC 0
MD
MB
MA
ME
0
8 0.0465 0.372 in kip
0.372 11 0.4705 5.5475 in kips
5.5475 51.1095 0
M in kips
M EI D 10
4
Page 63 of 73
C
0
0
D
0
0
B
-0.372
-2.53
A
-5.5475
-37.7
E
0
0

Scale ss 8 in in
M
4 10 4
, Scale sM
per in
EI
EI
D4
4
Deflections.
Page 64 of 73

0.064
in
D4
0.072
y Bh
in
D4
0.096
y Ah
in
D4
Slope
0.012
Dh
rad
D4
yC h
Resultant deflection:
y yh2 yv2 2
1
yC
0.064
yB
0.072
yA
0.096
0.390
D4
0.297
D4
0.194
D4
0.05823
rad
D4
0.384
D4
1
2 2
0.288
D4
1
2 2
0.168
D4
1
2 2
0.057
D4
1
2 2
Slope:
h2 v2 2
1
0.012
(a) Diameter D.
Maximum deflection = yC
D 2.50 in
0.390
0.01 in
D4
(b) slope of the shaft at bearing D

D
0.05823 0.05823
0.0015 rad
D4
2.5 4
CRITICAL SPEED
499.
A small, high-speed turbine has a single disk, weighing 0.85 lb., mounted at the
midpoint of a 0.178-in. shaft, whose length between bearings is 6 in. What is
the critical speed if the shaft is considered as simply supported?
Page 65 of 73

Solution:
Table AT 2
WL3
3EI
0.85 6.5 3
0.178 4
3 30 10 6
30 g o Wy
nc
Wy 2
500.
1
2
64
30 g o
0.052634 in
1
2
30
386
0.052634
1
2
818 rpm
The bearings on a 1 -in. shaft are 30 in. apart. On the shaft are three 300-lb
disks, symmetrically placed 7.5 in. apart. What is the critical speed of the shaft?
Solution:
Table AT 2
Deflection of B.
y B y B1 y B2 y B3
y B1
300 22.5 7.5 30 2 22.5 2 7.5 2 0.01273 in

4
6 1.5
30
6 30 10
30015 7.5 30
64
15 7.5
y B2
0.01556 in
1.5 4
6
6 30 10
30
64
300 7.5 7.5 30 2 7.5 2 7.5 2 0.00990 in

y B3
1.5 4
6
6 30 10
30
64
y B 0.01273 0.00990 0.01556 0.03819 in
Page 66 of 73

Deflection of C.
yC yC1 yC2 yC3
yC1
300 7.5 30 15 30 2 7.5 2 30 15 2 0.01556 in

1 .5 4
30
6 30 10 6
15 30 15
0.02264 in
1.5 4
6
6 30 10
30
64
2
2
2
300 7.515 30 7.5 15
0.01556 in
1 .5 4
6
6 30 10
30
64
yC 2
y C3
30015 30 15 30
64
yC 0.01556 0.02264 0.01556 0.05376 in
Deflection of D.
yD yD yD yD
300 7.5 30 22.5 30 2 7.5 2 30 22.5 2 0.00990 in

1 .5 4
6
30
6 30 10
1
y D1
y D2
64
2
2
2
300 15 30 22.5 30 15 30 22.5
0.01556 in
4
6 1.5
6 30 10
30
64
y D3
300 7.5 22.5 30 2 7.5 2 22.5 2 0.01273 in

4
6 30 106 1.5 30
64
y D 0.00990 0.01556 0.01273 0.03819 in

30 g o Wy
nc
Wy 2
1
2
30 g o y B yC y D
y B2 yC2 y D2
386 0.03819 0.05376 0.03819

nc
0.03819 2 0.05376 2 0.03819 2

30
501.
1
2
1
2
888 rpm
A fan for an air-conditioning unit has two 50-lb. rotors mounted on a 3-in. steel
shaft, each being 22 in. from an end of the shaft which is 80 in. long and simply
supported at the ends. Determine (a) the deflection curve of the shaft considering
its weight as well as the weight of the rotors, (b) its critical speed.
Solution:
Page 67 of 73
W1 50 lb
W3 50 lb

2
3 80 160 lb weight of shaft
4
W2 0.284
w2
160
2 lb in
80
Deflection of B.
y B y B1 y B2 y B3
y B1
50 50 22 80 2 58 2 22 2 0.002844 in
4
6 35
80
6 30 10
64
y B3
2
2
2
50 22 22 80 22 22
0.002296 in
3 4
6
80
6 30 10
64
2 22 80 3 2 80 22 2 22 3 0.006843 in
y B2
3 4
6 30 106
64
y B 0.002844 0.006843 0.002296 0.011983 in
Deflection of C.
yC yC yC yC
50 22 80 40 80 2 22 2 80 40 2 0.003317 in
35 4
80
6 30 106
1
yC1
y C3
64
2
2
2
50 22 40 80 22 40
0.003317 in
4
6 3
6 30 10
80
64
yC 2
2 40 80 3 2 80 40 2 40 3 0.008942 in
3 4
6 30 10 6
64
yC 0.003317 0.008942 0.003317 0.015576 in
Page 68 of 73

By symmetry
y D y B 0.011983 in
(a) Deflection curve
(b) Critical speed

30 g o Wy
nc
Wy 2
1
2
Wy 50 0.011983 160 0.015576 50 0.011983 3.69046
Wy
50 0.011983 160 0.015576 50 0.011983 0.053177

2
30 386 3.69046
nc
0.053177
1
2
1563 rpm
ASME CODE
502.
A cold-rolled transmission shaft, made of annealed AISI C1050, is to transmit a

torque of 27 in-kips with a maximum bending moment of 43 in-kips. What
should be the diameter according to the Code for a mild shock load?
Solution:
For AISI C1050, annealed
s y 53 ksi
su 92 ksi
0.3s y 15.9 ksi
0.18su 16.56 ksi
use d 0.3s y 15.9 ksi
M 43 in kips
T 27 in kips
16
FD 1 B 2
2
K sT K m M
D
4
d 1 B
8
Reduce to
Page 69 of 73
1
2
D3
16
K sT 2 K m M 2
4
d 1 B
1
2
For mild shock load, rotating shafts

K m 1.75
K s 1.25
B0
D3
16
1.25 27,000 2 1.75 43,000 2
15,900
1
2
D 2.98 in
say D 3 in
503.
A machinery shaft is to transmit 82 hp at a speed of 1150 rpm with mild shock.

The shaft is subjected to a maximum bending moment of 7500 in-lb. and an axial
thrust load of 15,000 lb. The material is AISI 3150, OQT 1000 F. (a) What should
be the diameter when designed according to the Code? (b) Determine the
corresponding conventional factor of safety (static-approach and maximum-shear
theory).
Solution:
For AISI 3150, OQT 1000 F
s y 130 ksi
su 151 ksi
0.3s y 39 ksi
0.18su 27.18 ksi
use d 0.18su 27.18 ksi

63000 82
T
4492 in lb
1150
M 7500 in lb
F 15,000 lb
(a) D 3
16
FD1 B
2
K sT K m M
d 1 B 4
8
For mild shock load

K m 1.75
K s 1.25
B0
1
Page 70 of 73
1
2

16
27180
3
1.25 4492
1.75 7500 115,000 D
D 3 0.1874 31.53 13.125 1.875D

D 1.4668 in
1
2
1
2 2
say D 1.5 in
32 M
4F
32 7500 415,000
31,124 psi 31.124 ksi

3
2
3
2
D
D
1.5
1.5
16T 16 4492
ss
6778.5 psi 6.7785 ksi

3
D3
1.5
(b) s
1 s
N s y
2
ss
s
ys
Maximum shear theory

s ys 0.5s y
31.124
1

N 130
N 3.83
504.
6.7785

0.5130
short stub shaft, made of SAE 1035, as rolled, receives 30 hp at 300 rpm via a
12-in. spur gear, the power being delivered to another shaft through a flexible
coupling. The gear is keyed midway between the bearings and its pressure angle
20 . See the figure for 471. (a) Neglecting the radial component of the tooth
load, determine the shaft diameter for a mild shock load. (b) Considering both
tangential and radial components, compute the shaft diameter. (c) Is the
difference in the foregoing results enough to change your choice of the shaft
size?
Solution:
Figure for 471.
Page 71 of 73
For SAE 1035, as rolled

s y 55 ksi
su 85 ksi
0.3s y 16.5 ksi
0.18su 15.3 ksi
use d 0.18su 15.3 ksi

Data are the same as 471.
From Problem 471.
(a) M 4200 in lb 4.2 in kips
T 6300 in lb 6.3 in kips
16
FD 1 B 2
2
K sT K m M
D3
4
d 1 B
8
Reduce to
16
D
K sT 2 K m M 2
4
d 1 B
3
1
2
1
2
For mild shock load, rotating shafts

K m 1.75
K s 1.25
B0
16
1.25 6.3 2 1.75 4.2 2
D
15.3
3
1
2
D 1.5306 in
say D 1
9
in
16
(b) M 4472 in lb 4.472 in kips

T 6300 in lb 6.3 in kips
16
D
1.25 6.3 2 1.75 4.472 2
15.3
3
1
2
D 1.5461 in
say D 1
9
in
16
(c) Not enough to change the shaft size.

505.
Two bearings D and E, a distance D 24 in . Apart, support a shaft for a punch

press on which are an 8-in. gear A, a 44-in. pulley B, and a flywheel C, as
indicated (498). Weight of flywheel is 1500 lb.; pulley B receives the power at an
angle of 45o to the right of the vertical; gear A delivers it horizontally to the right.
Page 72 of 73

The maximum power is 25 hp at 250 rpm is delivered, with heavy shock. For
cold-finish AISI 1137, find the diameter by the ASME Code.
Solution:
Data and figure is the same as in Problem 479. Also figure is the same as in Problem 498.
For AISI 1137, cold-finished
s y 93 ksi
su 103 ksi
0.3s y 27.9 ksi
0.18su 18.54 ksi

use d 0.18s u 18.54 ksi
From Problem 479
M M B 14,343 in lb 14.343 in kips

T TA 12,600 in lb 12.6 in kips
For heavy shock load

K m 2.5
K s 1.75
B0
D3
16
FD1 B
2
K sT K m M
d 1 B 4
8
K T
1
2 2
D3
16
1.7512.6 2 2.514.343 2
18.54
KmM
D 2.2613 in
say D 2
5
in
16
- end -
Page 73 of 73
16
d 1 B 4
D3
1
2
1
2

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SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

sn 0.5su 0.5 85 42.5 ksi

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

For profile keyway

(b) Considering both radial and tangential component.

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Problems 472 474

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

For profile keyway

Bending stress, negligible radial load

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Maximum Shear Theory

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

A shaft S, of cold-drawn AISI 1137, is to transmit power received from shaft W,

Problem 475 477

sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

For profile keyway

Bending stress, using only tangential loads

For 100 hp:

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

32M 32 7560 241,920

K f sa 2.0 241,920 181,189

Octahedral Shear Theory

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

18 692 12 A'4 741

M 6 692 4152 in lb.

For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

16T 16 5188 83,008

Choose a design factor of 2.0

von Mises-Hencky theory of failure (Octahedral shear theory)

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

16T 161482 23,712

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

BV FB cos 45 573 cos 45 405 lb

1500 510 DV 405

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Bh FB sin 45 573 sin 45 405 lb

Dh 405 2359 3150

M M 11,795 2550 12,068 in lb

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Maximum moment subjected to alternating tension and compression

For AISI 1137, cold-drawn,

sn 0.5su 0.5103 51.5 ksi

For sled-runner keyway (Table AT 13)

At A, 50 hp max. and 25 hp min.

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

63,000hp 63,000 400

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Maximum Shear Theory

By trial and error

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Problems 482, 485, 486.

sn 0.5su 0.5100 50 ksi

63,000hp 63,000 300

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

26,244 2 5328 2 26,780 in lb

SECTION 7 SHAFT DESIGN

Octahedral Shear Theory