Resource Guide for Non-Builder Owners

of Canard Composite Aircraft

By Terry Yake (ver. 04/04/2006-MAH)
Aviation in itself is not inherently dangerous. But to an even greater degree than
the sea, it is terribly unforgiving of any carelessness, incapacity, or neglect.
Aviation Adage
This statement applies to homebuilt aircraft to even a greater degree.
Central States Association.

Topics
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.1
3.0
3.0.1
3.1
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.1.2.A
3.1.2.B
3.1.2.1
3.1.2.2
3.1.2.3
3.1.3
3.1.3.1
3.1.4
3.2
3.2.1
3.2.2
3.2.3
3.2.4
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3

Introduction
Major Changes - FAA Documentation
Family Tree
Seats, Foam - Source
Airframe
Cutting Foam
Resin Working in Weather
Resin Types
Resin Characteristics
Molds - Suggestions
Gear Leg Fairings
Fillers and Finishing - Update 1976 Practices
Delaminating and Repair Including Strut Heat Damage
Release Agents - Including Peel Ply and resin layer to prevent leaks
Re-painting- CAUTION
Elevators - Buying - Source
Canopy
Control surfaces
Trailing edge fences
Vortex Generators
CP 103 Aileron rod end AD for the Long-EZ
Aileron Hinge Kit (Teflon)
Fuel tanks
Leaks
Caps
Fuel Gages

3.3.4
4.0
4.1
5.0
5.0.1
5.0.2
5.0.5
5.1
5.1.5
5.2
5.2.1
5.3
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
7.0
7.1
7.15
7.2
7.3
7.3.1
7.4
8.0
8.1
8.2
8.2.1
8.3
8.4
8.4.1
8.5
9.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
13.1
13.2
14

Debris screens
Brakes
Wheel calipers
Engine Systems
Ignition Wire Replacement
Exhaust System - Springs
Electronic Ignition
Cylinder Replacement
Overheating Cylinder - O-235 L2C
Oil Filters and Oil Cooling systems
Sources of Parts (Also, see 10.0 below)
David Orr List of Sources
Propellers
Propeller Manufacturers
Prop Types fixed pitch and constant speed
Material metal, wood, or wood/foam composite
Wood Prop care - Bruce Tifft Legacy
Prop-Torque
Hertzler Guide for Hertzler Props
Electrical Systems
Wiring
Lights
Alternators
Avionics
Ground Plane
Gyroscope Instruments Repair
Wheels/Tires/Brakes/Landing Gear
Brake lines and Fluid
Long-EZ nose wheel axle bushing rotation
Electrical Nose Lift
Long-EZ main gear attachments/hard points
Inflation - Tire Pressure
Tires - Source (10 Ply - Recaps)
Wheel Pants/Small (Lamb) Tires - Speed
Refueling - Static Electricity and Fire Danger
Web Sites, Sources, and Flying Information
Soldering Large Wire Connectors
FAA Identifier Codes
Slow Flying Can Be a Life Saver
Miscellaneous measurements
Storage - Engine Pickling
Oxygen and Nitrogen

Addendums
Sample Sales Contracts for a Homebuilt Aircraft (2)
Check List for Conditional Inspection Long-EZ

1.0 Introduction
Just because it's an EXPERIMENTAL, doesn't mean the laws of physics don't apply.
The view from the green side of the dirt is best.
This guide is intended for the owners and fliers of composite canard aircraft that did not
build the plane. If you already have made the purchase, one major step has been
completed. In addition, you probably have encountered maintenance issues, parts
source questions, and procedural problems that would be known if you had built the
plane. Even a supportive A&P or AI has little if any familiarity with some aspects of the
plane you want him to maintain. Unless you have a continuing relationship with the
builder, some of the rules for safe handling, fabrication techniques for repairs, and parts
identification and sources may be a problem for you.
With the decreasing number of composite canards being built and increasing number
being sold, the educational aspect of a prolonged construction process and completing
a flyable aircraft are unknown to these new owners. Even if the buyer receives all the
builders documentation, and hopefully he did, much of it is hard to put into useful flying
knowledge and in comprehensible order.
During the building period, typically many years elapse. During that time, there was
plenty of time and opportunity to read, re-read, and re-read again the construction
manuals and product brochures, POH (Pilot Operating Handbook), see and talk to
others at Oshkosh, EAA chapter meetings, and hangar talks by those more advanced
in the building and flying phases. As you attend fly-ins with your new acquisition, you
are possibly able to quote the features of the plane to by-standers, but the intimate
knowledge of how and why something was included or excluded in your plane just is not
known.
So, with your continued enjoyment and safety of operation in mind, this guide is
intended to highlight many general aspects of the unique aircraft you own, are
responsible for, and fly. It is intended to serve as a supplement to the construction
plans, owners operation manual, and other documentation that you should be intimately
familiar with already. It cant replace the knowledge you would have acquired by building
it yourself, but it does offer an opportunity for transfer of knowledge, gleaned from some
very knowledgeable builders and fliers who are, in addition, professional subject matter
experts in their own right.
In this booklet, you will find a topic listing, presentations, and references to sources for
parts. It is not intended to be a substitute for the designers composition, the
manufacturers construction plans, instructional materials or any official documentation.
You must also know these materials to fly properly and maintain your aircraft. And just
because we didnt think to include every imaginable technique or procedure, doesnt
mean it wasnt important enough to mention.

If you are not already a member of the Experimental Aircraft Association, join now. Find
the local EAA chapters in your area where members have planes similar to yours, and
join this association.
Subscribe to the Central States Association Newsletter for Rutan and derivative canard
designs ($25 yearly in March 2004) - The following is the latest Index of the suppliers
listed by Terry Yake in the CSA Newsletter:
Index - Terry Shubert
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/canard-aviators/files/
or
http://acs-group.net/ez/
If your aircraft designer/manufacturer has a newsletter, subscribe to it.
Subscribe to Kit Planes magazine.
Attend fly-ins and seek out other canard fliers. Hangar flying can be rewarding and
educational.
Find canard aviation chat boards on the Internet. All this leads to being a member of an
elite group of similarly minded people. Enjoy the total experience of being an
experimental aircraft owner.
EZ Squadron A directory of hundreds of canard aircraft owners from around the world
and helpful Articles describing hundreds of incidents are available at the Southern
California EZ Squadron website, as well as a posting of the Canard Pusher (CP)
Newsletters from Mojave every canard owner should have available: www.ez.org

1.5 Major Changes - FAA Documentation

What constituters a major change is fuzzy, but replacing an engine, a design change
(e.g., replacing the original canard with a rain resistant Roncz canard), or propeller are
considered major changes.
A fly-off of five hours, without unnecessary passengers, in an area with scarce
population, and the following logbook entry are required.
"I certify that the prescribed flight test hours have been completed and the aircraft is
controllable throughout its normal range of speeds and throughout all maneuvers to be
executed, has no hazardous operating characteristics or design features, and is safe for
operation. The following aircraft operating data has been demonstrated during the flight

testing:
Vso________, Vx_________, and Vy________, and the weight________,

2.0 Family Tree

Ever try to find your ancestors and you get the lineage confused, because every
generation had a George or Mabel in it. Well, heres a short version of the canard
genealogy to keep things straight.
The Wright Brothers designed and built the first homebuilt, canard aircraft. But that was
a long time ago and glass and resin were not used.
One of the early Rutan designs was the Vari-Viggen, but it didnt find fancy with many
builders. You will see a few Vari-Viggens flying. It required skills for wood, metal, and
composite construction. Few homebuilders have all thee skills.
Legend: Burt, after four years building the Vari-Viggen, realized it required wood, metal,
composite, and electrical building skills and would be too hard to build for most
homebuilders. He decided to design a new version, one very easy to build, and call it a
VariEze. His first wife is reported to have given Burt an ultimatum, Either that plane
goes or I go!
Burts comment, I did not realize it would be such a VariEze decision to make!
Then, Burt Rutan designed a bunch of composite planes. Some of his children or their
follow-on interpretations didnt generate sustained interest or prosper like some may
have hoped, e.g. the Quickie, Q200, and Dragon Fly.
Burt hit a magic chord with the Varieze (note the correct spelling). This is a plans-built,
moldless construction type aircraft, folks, not a kit. [After builders started adding
alternators, batteries, and starters, Burt realized there was a risk factor of extra weight
and aft-CG and designed the Long-EZ.] (Note the correct spelling.) He used
government provided wind-tunnel test data.
Nat Puffer crossed the Long-EZ wing with a 3-place fuselage design and called it a
Cozy. Later he sold his hybrid to another outfit, and it was renamed the Cosy Classic.
Then, Nat designed the Cozy-IV. (See, just like in real life, some kids leave home and
change their names. Others are kicked out or are lost in a poker game - planes, not
kids.)
Burt also designed the push-pull twin engine Defiant, but it cost about twice as much as
a Long-EZ and took twice as long to build. (That equates to not many of them being
built.)

Dave Ronnenberg had built many Long-EZs, and wanted a higher performance
version. Using the Long-EZ wing design, he customized a somewhat larger fuselage,
updated the construction materials (read this as carbon fiber and an O-540 engine) to
bring the Berkut to life. It is a molded, composite structure, kit-built plane, not a plans
built plane like the Long-EZ and Varieze.
Another group in Sebastian, Florida designed the Velocity with 4-place seating and a
variety of engine and gear options as kit built planes.
Well, thats about it. If you want to show your savvy, use the spellings above, and
pronounce the E and Z in Long-EZ. After all, its not a Long-ezz. Furthermore, the
Varieze is also pronounced Vari-E-Z. Is everyone clear on this? The other canard
names are pretty straightforward in their pronunciations.
Safety Issue: Styrofoam (light blue) will be eaten away when exposed to fuel or fuel
vapors. If repairs are needed, research the manufacturer's specifications to find the
proper foam type, fiberglass type, ply orientation and resin appropriate to use. Don't
guess!

2.1 Seats, Foam - Source

Check with Oregon Aero. They build seats with this type of foam and you won't save
much building them your self as the cost of material is about the same as they sell a
complete, un-upholstered seat core ($299 - June 2004). These seats are very well
designed.
http://www.oregonaero.com/Prlist_homebuilts.htm

3.0 Airframes
On all plans-built, composite canards, the structures are solid core, typically using
Styrofoam, urethane, or Poly-vinyl foam blocks as prescribed. Fiberglass, tri-directional,
bi-directional, and uni-directional weaves, are called for in lay-up schedules by the
designer to meet structural load and dent protection requirements.
Many of the planes for sale probably used resins and weave fillers that have been
replaced because a more satisfactory alternative was found or because the original
material was no longer produced. Compatible substitutes are probably available, but
you typically wont know how to proceed without expert consultation with the designer.
Remember: Two like opinions by two unknowledgeable people still yield a bad direction,
if followed. Search for factual data and knowledgeable judgments.

3.0.1 Hot Wire Saw to Cut Foam

Q. Does anyone know of or ever heard about information on a high-tension hot wire saw
that was designed by Tom Berkley?
Answer from Gary Hall <garyhall@ix.netcom.com>
A: It is a piece of crap. I actually built one and may have it stored somewhere in the
back room. What I finally did was use a 1 x 1 with 3/4" pipe at an angle that looks like
the original in the plans. I have been using safety wire and that works great. Vice grips
on the pipes tighten the wire and a commercial rheostat controls the voltage. You
literally can build one in an hour or less.
I have cut several sets of high-quality wings and canards with it and would not think of
using anything else. I have that one stored in the back room too. If you want a 1024 x
776 digital picture let me know and I'll dig it out of the loft in the next several days.
The Berkley may look smart, but it is a very poorly designed hot wire tool. Don't even
bother, as it is not safe to use either. This guy Tom drew up the plans but obviously
never built one. Had he done so he would have discovered the alignment of the wire
attachment mandrels was incorrect when tension was drawn. The wire specified was
also incorrect and broke often with a really scary snap and pull back. It is a very
complicated device that has absolutely no value in building our aircraft.
Warm regards, Gary Hall
--------------- -From: Bruce Layne
Subject: Hot Wire Saw
It's easy to build your own hot wire saw. Some quick tips:
If you use a variac (autotransformer) or light dimmer to regulate the voltage to control
the temperature, there is no isolation from the full power line voltage. That isn't very
safe. If you touch a wire and a grounded object like a cold water pipe, you could get a
nasty shock. Either use an isolation transformer as the first stage coming in from the AC
wall outlet followed by a variac or dimmer, or use a variac to feed a 24 volt step down
transformer. The latter will give a smooth range from 0-24+ volts.
Stainless safety wire works OK but it's actually sort of soft at the temperature you
want. You can get inconel wire. You can use a finer wire and it won't stretch when hot
and tensioned like stainless and it won't weaken and break nearly as much as stainless
wire. As with almost everything, McMaster-Carr has it. Warning, this stuff isn't cheap.
It's $17 for a 4 ounce roll at McMaster-Carr, but you'll save time, money and aggravation
in the long run (www.mcmaster.com).

Bruce Layne - http://www.thinkingdevices.com/ez

3.1 Gary Hunter - Working with Resins and the Weather

This is an important aircraft integrity issue! So, here is a short tutorial on resins and
fiberglass from Gary Hunter, the epoxy guru with over ten years experience in customer
service with Shell Chemical.
If you are working outside with no roof, I can understand your frustration.
One must avoid having a lay-up rained on. However, if you are under-roof, or better yet
inside a garage or a building with closed sides you needn't be so picky.
If you are working in a building with the doors open for ventilation, the relative humidity
in the building will certainly come close to what it is outside. Although, high humidity
conditions are not the best for working with epoxies, some resin systems will tolerate it
fine. Some resin systems are susceptible to "blushing" and you will notice a milky
appearance to the resin as you work with it. Most of the time, as the resin cures, this
milky appearance goes away leaving an oily like film on the surface of the cured
laminate. It looks and feels terrible, but not to worry, this film will wipe off with warm
water and a washcloth.
The biggest concern I have is applicator related problems, and how he or she responds
to high humidity conditions. If you are a sweat hog like me, dripping beads of sweat into
your work can be a real big problem. A few drops of sweat on a laminate that has
already been completed but not fully cured is not so bad - just don't rub or squeegee it
into the laminate - simply blot it and let it dry. Sweating on the dry fiberglass, or a layer
of the laminate that is in the process of being wetted out is a big NO-NO.
This is one reason I advocate you find a way to "temper" the air in your shop. Your
project will go a lot faster, and you will enjoy it more both in the winter and the
summer.

3.1.1 Resin types

Epoxy Questions
Technically, in the context of our canard aviation community, there is absolutely no
difference between what has been referred to as a non-structural epoxy and a structural
one. They are all from the same molecules.

Numerous people had asked Rutan Aircraft Factory about using West Systems Epoxy.
After all, it was readily available in most parts of country - and the world for that matter.
Well, we all know that Burt Rutan is rather liability conscious, and if a resin system had
not been tested and flown in an actual prototype or part of some sort, it was not
approved for his aircraft designs - PERIOD.
So, if I recall correctly, one of Rutan's Canard Pusher newsletters, responded to the
builder inquiries and West Systems was dubbed a "non-structural" epoxy. It was OK for
making micro fill and wheel pants and such. But, no major structural components.
Furthermore, the makers of West System (Gougeon Brothers - pronounced goo-zhan)
did not seem to promote the use of the West Systems product line for aircraft
construction.
Gougeon Brothers is a customer of mine, so, about 3-5 years ago, I quizzed them on
why this was so. They said that in years past their insurance underwriter did not want
the liability associated with homebuilt aircraft. The product was intended for the boat
building, repair and restoration market. However, they had recently secured another
insurance underwriter without such reservations about homebuilt aircraft. In fact, their
website had a photo gallery of the many different projects their customers had
completed using the West Systems epoxy, and many aircraft were included - mostly
wood / fiberglass aircraft, like the KR2s, and Ospreys and such. I don't recall seeing any
VariEzes or Long-EZes. Visit the Gougeon's West Systems home page:
http://www.westsystems.com
There are numerous examples of all composite structural articles being made from the
West Systems product line.
At about the time I was quizzing Gougeon about the West Systems epoxy, they were
introducing their new Pro-Set epoxy product line. Apparently, they had recognized a
new market was emerging and decided to put their best foot forward. This product line
was developed for more demanding end-uses including all composite aircraft. Rutan did
approve one of their early formulations for construction of his plans designs - the ProsSet 125 / 229. The website for Pro-Set shows a photo of the (Rutan design) Proteus
that was made from Pro-Set resins formulations. http://www.prosetepoxy.com
Note the statements about post cures in their literature.
Frankly, I cannot understand why anyone would pay so much for the convenience of
being able to buy an epoxy at the local marine or auto supply. West Systems is at least
$3.00 per lb. more expensive than the most costly alternative "structural epoxy". But,
some people drive Fords, and some people drive Mercurys. [High Hazardous
Materials fees by UPS are reduced when you purchase West Systems locally for small
jobs and repairs.]

One thing is for certain. Gougeon Brothers is perhaps the industry benchmark for
technical support. Their on-line literature, books, manuals, and newsletters are top
notch - excellent reading. They even sell ratio pumps for their Pro-Set resin systems.

3.1.2 Resins - Characteristics

1) Difference between EZ-Poxy and EZ-Poxy II Should I switch to EZ-Poxy II in midproject? Are they compatible in cured form?
Actually, what you are referring to was called SAFE-T-POXY and SAFET-T-POXY II.
The SAFE-T-POXY II uses exactly the same resin, but the hardener was reformulated
just a tad to give a lower viscosity to help wet out. Today they are called EZ-POXY 10
Resin and EZ-POXY 83 (the regular Safe-T-Poxy hardener) and EZ-POXY 84 (the SafeT-Poxy II hardener). You can switch from EZ-Poxy 83 to EZ-Poxy 84 but do not blend
them together. They are 100% compatible in the cured form.
The non-MDA version was never called a Safe-T-Poxy or EZ-Poxy. It was called
EPOLITE 2427 A&B from Hexcel. It received mixed reviews and very little was ever
sold. I doubt you will be able find it anymore.
2) Can these parts warp? Does post-cure stop this? If so, temps and times
recommended please. Do they REALLY take a year to cure or am I being fed some
false information?
Yes, parts can warp. Yes, a post-cure can HELP to stop this. You are receiving
mis-information.
Curing of epoxies is a chemical reaction. All chemical reactions are thermally
dependant. With the epoxies we use to build our airplanes, ambient temperature cure
conditions provide sufficient heat energy to allow the reaction to start. As the reaction
progresses it requires more and more energy to perpetuate the reaction. At some point,
the available energy from ambient temperature conditions is insufficient, and the
reaction stops. For most resins systems, the reaction stops at a point that gives the
cured resin a Tg (glass transition temperature ) of about 125-135F. Most of this occurs
in the first 24 hours of cure and continues very slowly thereafter until it finally plateaus in
about 2 weeks.
The chemical reaction can be re-activated by increasing the temperature conditions.
This can happen today, tomorrow or a year from now. It can happen deliberately, by
placing the object in an oven and baking it (called a post cure.), OR - it can happen on
it's own, when the airplane is parked on the ramp during a hot summer day. It can
happen in the garage during storage too. All that is required is more heat energy than
what was available when the part was initially cured.
If a cured wing panel is quickly exposed to elevated temperatures in excess of it's

current Tg, the cured resin can weaken and become rubbery. If the wing panel is not
properly supported while it is in this weakened rubbery state, it can sag under it's own
weight. As the wing panel absorbs the heat energy and the chemical reaction is
re-activated, the resin will cure and additional amount resulting in a higher Tg. Any
warping or sagging the wing may have encountered during this elevated temperature
state will become permanently set into the wing panel. By storing the wing panels
leading edge down, one can minimize if not completely eliminate the possibility of
inadvertent warpage during storage.
In many cases, wing warpage can be reversed by quickly exposing the wing panel to an
even higher temperature and weighting or forcing the wing back into the proper shape.
Similarly, one can induce a deliberate warpage or twist into a wing panel to correct a
rigging or trim problem.
In actuality, an epoxy resin / curing agent reaction is never complete until it has been
cured at or slightly above it's known maximum glass transition temperature for a
minimum of 2 hours. Some of the approved resins are capable developing a Tg as high
as 210F. Because of the foam cores and other considerations it is not possible to cure
our airplanes at temperatures at or above the maximum Tg of the resin system.
I recommend a post cure schedule that SLOWLY increases the temperature up to 140
-150F over a span of 2 hours and a dwell or hold time of at least 4 hrs, and perhaps as
long as 12 hrs, the longer the better. A very gradual cool down is important, too. This will
drive the Tg of most of resin systems up to about 180-190F.
From: "Hunter, Gary A RES-RES" <gary.hunter@resins.com>
Subject: Epoxy resins and temperature
In general, do not try to do anything with epoxies below 65F. You are just asking for
trouble if you do. I would invest in a heater of some sort. Even if it is for spot heating
only. Some small jobs can be done with the assistance of IR heat lamps.
Timing is everything. Be smart and don't start an epoxy job late in the afternoon if the
shop temperature is going to drop during the night. Always start the job early in the
morning so it gets a chance to cure as much as possible during the warmest part of the
day. And use heat lamps. Become a diligent weather forecaster and plan your shop
activities for the warmest days - not the coldest.
Gary Hunter
Technical Service Representative
EPOXY RESINS TECHNICAL INQUIRY
RESOLUTION PERFORMANCE PRODUCTS
Toll Free in North America - 800-832-3766
International - 281-544-6010
Facsimile - 817-421-7515
Email - tec.epon@resins.com

---------------------------------------------------------------------------- --

3.1.2.A Molds Suggestions

Glass Cloth for Molds
1) Use cheap glass that's easy to work. Try E-1581 or E-3743
from http://www.discountcomposite.com/inven.html.
7781 would work but it's a tight weave, hard to get the air out. Anything from Discount
Composites is going to be a LOT less than any marine cloth.
2) Use epoxy. Polyester and Vinylester shrink at different rates from epoxy, if you're
going to make epoxy parts, use epoxy molds.
3) For the same reason, use epoxy gel coat.
4) You want the mold stiff so it won't change shape. For that, it needs to be thick. Most
people take THAT to mean it needs a gazillion layers of glass. It doesn't. Gel coat, 2 or 3
plies of glass, 1/2" thick epoxy/micro balloon "syntactic foam" dough, followed by 2 or 3
more plies of glass.
5) Mold release. Make sure your plug is perfect - lacquer, wet sand to 600 or more.
Johnson's floor wax, a gazillion coats. Then PVA, spray on a gazillion layers.
6) Extend your mold well beyond the part line.

3.1.2.B - Gear Leg Fairings

Installation of Gear Leg Fairings on a Long EZ
The shape of the standard, fiberglass gear leg for a Long EZ presents, during flight, an
airfoil with a high angle of attack. The high angle of attack creates both drag and
downstream turbulence that can interfere with prop efficiency. The airfoil shape can
easily be changed by anyone familiar with composite construction. The following
description of the technique I used to modify my gear leg airfoils was explained to me by
Gary Hertzler a recognized Go-Fast Guru.
The application of the gear leg fairings gained me at least two things:
My cruise speed increased by about 5 knots.
My climb performance dramatically changed i.e. I can now climb at about 800 fpm at
110 knots.

Here are the stepwise procedures I followed (as laid out by Gary Hertzler). Hopefully,
they will be of help to those desiring to increase the efficiency of their Long EZs. Hand
drawn schematics are available by clicking here.
SETUP
You will need to make out of plywood, a vertical reference plane approximately
24x24mounted on a flat base.
Elevate the nose of the plane so that the longerons are 2 degrees above horizontal.
This simulates the position of the aircraft in straight and level flight.
Cut blocks approximately 8x7 from two-inch-thick, brown, urethane foam.
Shape the foam blocks to conform to the upper surface of the gear leg from the
fuselage down to the top of the wheel pant. This is easily accomplished by folding a
piece of 60 grit sandpaper over the top of the gear leg and rubbing the foam block to
conform it to the top of the gear leg. A caution here make sure that: a) the trailing edge
of the foam block is at least level to the earth (with the longeron elevated two degrees
up) or a little higher, b) the block extends below the trailing edge of the gear leg, and c)
there is enough foam extending beyond the trailing edge of the gear leg to allow
formation of the full chord length of the new air foil.
Shape the abutting edges of the foam blocks so that there are no gaps between the
blocks (do not add micro between the foam blocks). Make sure you leave a space
0.125 to 0.250 between the fuselage and the upper most block of foam. That can be
accomplished by placing a piece of poster board on the fuselage at the gear root. Cover
the poster board with polyethylene sheet and tape it to the fuselage around the root of
the gear leg. Make sure the tape is applied beyond where any fiberglass is to be
applied. If done correctly, the poster board can easily be removed after your fiberglass
layup has been completed. The transition between the gear leg fairing and the fuselage
SHOULD NOT be made with a radius. The transition should be blunt.
Attach the foam blocks to the gear legs using micro made with a fast setting epoxy
such as the fast setting version of the West System.
SHAPING THE GEAR LEG FAIRING
Elevate the nose of the airplane to provide a two-degree-up orientation of the
longerons. Position your vertical reference plane either in front of or behind the gear leg.
The vertical reference plane must also be oriented normal to the centerline of the
aircraft. Vertical does not mean at right angles to the floor, but at 90 degrees to spirit
level.
Clamp two carpenters squares together to make a caliper that will touch both the
upper and lower surfaces of the gear leg. The separation will have to be varied to
accommodate the change in gear leg thickness as you move down.
Sand a level line above and below the gear leg with the reference being the upper
and lower surface of the gear leg. This relieved area will be where you place the
carpenters squares.
Mark the desired trailing edge of the foam blocks. The chord of the new airfoil
should be four times the thickness of the airfoil. I found that this ratio up near the root of

the gear leg was insufficient to permit the shaping of a symmetrical airfoil, so I increased
it to 5.5 times the thickness, and then transitioned the chord from 8.5 inches at the root
to 6 inches further down.
Make a vertical, square cut along the trailing edge of the foam blocks.
Place the vertical leg of the carpenters squares against the vertical reference plane with
the horizontal legs touching the upper and lower surfaces of the gear leg.
Mark the midpoint between the horizontal legs of the squares on the trailing edge of the
foam with a magic marker.
Shape the bottom of the foam to produce a smooth transition from the lower surface
of the gear leg back to the marked centerline of the trailing edge of the foam blocks. The
objective is to produce a completely symmetrical airfoil. At this point you can, using
usual construction procedures (micro over the foam and application of two plies of BID)
glass the lower surface. Or you can go ahead and shape the upper surface (carefully so
as not to spoil your day by breaking off a chunk of foam) and assure yourself that you
will have the airfoil you are attempting to produce.
After you have glassed the lower surface, you can shape and prepare the upper
surface for glassing. Prior to glassing the upper surface, trim the trailing edge of the
lower glass layup to conform to the desired final trailing edge. Then remove about of
trailing edge foam and replace it with epoxy and flox to form a stable trailing edge.
Complete the airfoil with a layup of two plies of BID on the upper layer.
Finish and paint to your specifications.
Table Showing Gear Leg Chord
Lengths Measured At Positions
Along the Gear Leg
Distance
Chord Length
From Root
(inches)
(inches)
0

8.25

7.75

7.25

12

6.75

16

5.88

20

4.75

You should be able to complete this operation in about 8 hours (not including the cure
time of the layups).

3.1.2.1 Fillers and Finishing

Fillers -- Just a bit of materials correctness here. As a builder, it is important to know

your materials (and maybe this is more than you wanted to know).
Micro-balloons are not silica. They contain silica as a component. Silica is silicon
dioxide with no other components. Silica glass (or fused silica) is extremely difficult to
make requiring graphite or tungsten or molybdenum furnaces operating in an inert
atmosphere at over 2000 degrees C. Fused silica is unique in that its expansion
coefficient is almost zero (5x10^-7/deg C). Fused silica is commonly used as the
containment envelope for the plasmas in mercury vapor and halogen lamps. Microballoons are a silicate based glass known as C-glass.
Glass composition - Type of glass
SiO2 Al2O3 CaO

MgO

B2O3

C-glass (%) 65~72 1~7 4~11 0~5

E-glass (%) 52~56 12~16 16~25 0~6

0~8
5~13

Na2O+K2O
9~13
0~0.8

ZnO
0~6

One of the canardians mentioned that fumed silica (which IS silicon dioxide) causes
lung damage due to silicosis, which is similar to asbestosis and not curable. One should
wear a mask whenever dealing with any airborne particulates (e.g. micro balloons,
fumed silica, sanding dust, etc.) to keep the small particles out of your lungs, but fumed
silica will not cause silicosis. Silicosis requires the presence of the crystalline form of
silica such as quartz, crystobalite, etc. Colloidal silica (fumed silica) is considered as a
nuisance dust by OSHA. For the MSDS go to:
http://www.westsystem.com/webpages/userinfo/safety/MSDS406.pdf
For a guide to fillers and the effects of fumed silica additions, (just takes a pinch to
reduce the sag tendency - about 1 part colloidal silica to 10 parts of micro balloons) go
to this web site that I found: http://www.duroplastic.com/FILLOVERVIEW.htm An excerpt
follows:
Typical addition levels of filler to Duroplastic resin systems, are given in the following
table. In each case, the filler is given in a ratio to resin in mass Resin is taken as 100
parts.
Adhesive Mix
Filler Mix Casting (for bonding) (for filling & fairing)
Capolite
15 20
25 - 30
Glass Bubbles 15 20
25 - 30
Calcium Carbonate
Wollastonite
NA
NA
Colloidal Sillica*
3
2-5

(Thin resin)
5 - 15
3-8
50 - 250
DO NOT USE

* Generally used in combination with other fillers - Marc Borom, AZ

ANOTHER BUILDERS EXPERIENCE - UPDATE 1976 PRACTICES

Finishing - Pre-Paint Process - Finishing Composite Surfaces

I will preface this with a quotation from the guy who made my life a whole lot easier!
"Technology is changing in the composite industry so fast it's next to impossible
to keep up with it. If it took me more than four days to repair a corvette or a few
months to do a show car from start to finish I would be out of business."
My composite guru, Rick Castalano, agreed to do a hands on lecture on show quality
finishing composites. We agreed to work on the upper surface on one of my Vari's main
wings and winglet for the demonstration. Up to this point I had been filling and sanding
using dry micro for over 8 months with very little to show for the effort. As you are all
extremely aware the contour of the wing is more than for good looks, it is critical for a
smooth and balanced flying machine.
Rick has been in the business for 40 some years and has finished more competition
show whatever's than you can imagine!
The first thing he asked me was what materials and tools I was using. I explained I was
following Rutans instructions to the Nth degree. Dry micro, no more 80 grit sandpaper,
etc., and absolutely NO BONDO! Long boards with sandpaper attached to get the lines
"just so", etc.
He then explained to the group how times have changed since 1976! That's when Bert
Rutan first turned us all on to this method of building airplanes. Now, there are finish
products available that are strong, flexible, inexpensive, and could be called BONDO!
I explained that I was sort of cheating by using very small electric sanders on occasion,
contrary to Rutans rules.
He shouted to crowd, Hooray! Tim's learned something that not only saves time and
money, but doesn't compromise safety during the finishing process.
Now, save the following information because this stuff is not only going to give you a
show quality finished airplane, but will literally take YEARS out of the finishing process.
He walked out to his car and came back in with the following:
2- Blue steel straight edges 8" long (get various sizes from 2" out to 36", the are
cheap but the 8" is the one you will use most)
1- Plastic palette about 24X24 (get two, they are used for mixing and one will wear out).
1 - Gal of EVERCOAT Z-Grip (a light weight filler that applies like butter, sets up
according to how fast you want it to, and sands like a dream. (It took 5 to 7 gals
to finish mine. LongEze's will require more)
1 - Quart of Evercoat Glazing Puddy (Small area filling)
1 - 3 foot flexible (plastic) long board

Lots of high quality sandpaper starting with grade 32 and to 600 grit with adhesive
backs, or buy the spray stick stuff
1 - small square electric hand sander
2 - Semi soft sanding blocks
2 - Gallons of Acetone (for cleaning)
Lot's of Paper Towels (for cleaning)
Everycoat products are purchased at any good auto body supply store along with the
rest of the stuff. Shop around and you will find better prices at the major chains, roughly
about $15 per gal to $10 at chains. There are all kinds of other brands and all are
probably just as good (like epoxies) but this is what I was instructed to use from our
Guru and I am very happy with the results.
Rick explains the one basic key is to start with a CLEAN working surface. Acetone each
area your working on just prior to filling that area.
Place a small batch of the Z-Grip in the center of the palette (about the size of palm of
your hand. Then add a ribbon of the hardener (comes with the Z-Grip) from top to
bottom. Read the directions, but I found you don't need as much hardener as they
recommend. It sets too fast if you use too much and you are stuck with a blob of
sculpture in a matter of minutes. Better to use less and enjoy the long working time and
easier application.
Rich places a huge blob on the palette, adds the hardener, and mixes them together on
the palette using the 8" blue steel straight edge. In a matter of seconds the stuff looked
all one color, and he is filling a large section of the top wing (about two feet across)
starting at the leading edge and smoothly working the stuff back to the trailing edge.
He proceeded up the winglet, again starting at the leading edge and working back. In
about 5 minutes the stuff was starting to set so he explained to stop right there and
clean off the palette and straight edge with the acetone and paper towels.
Note: It is very important that you clean the palette and the straight edge after each and
every application! Keep the edge of the steel as clean and sharp as possible. You can
rub the edge against 80 grit paper to sharpen it.
With the palette and straight edge now clean (3 minutes of work) he instructs us to feel
the heat exotherming from the fill. He then pulls out the long board, applies a strip of 32
grip sand paper to the back and begins sanding and contouring at 45 degree swipes!
Tip: The 32 grit is used to cut through very quickly to get the basic contour very quickly,
and before the filling has a chance to really get hard. Makes sense if you think about it.
He then gradually sanded the surface with lesser and lesser grit sand papers until he
got to about 120 grit. All this took just under 30 minutes and when he was done the
surface was smooth as a baby's butt and the shape of the wing was a work of art. He

had completed more in that 30 minutes than I had in the previous month. He stood back
and announced to the group that this surface was now ready for primer and paint
(provided the rest of the plane was done).
I can't tell you how easy this stuff is to work with. You have to try it. The expense is
nothing compared with how much fun you will have finishing your planes using this
method and these products.
There will be those of you who say this stuff won't bond to the glass and that later it will
peel off. All I can say to that kind of thinking is, BS. There are million dollar yachts
plying the seas using this very same product and you don't see them coming apart. My
plane has been flying now for three months with no sign of delamination, NONE!
The plane was completed 5 months later with a beautiful paint job, also done by me,
and I've never painted anything more than a house before.
Tim LoDolce
VariEze N26FM
tiger@telis.org

3.1.2.2 Delaminating and Repair

Your owners construction manual is the best reference for this topic. Especially for the
moldless construction technique used on the VariEze, Long-EZ, and Cozy type aircraft,
you should test the structure for any signs of delaminating periodically, at the condition
inspection minimally. In some cases you may see a slight bubble or bulge in the skin
when the light and viewing angle are just right. At other times, the quarter test should
be used to detect a variance in the sound of the quarter tapping on the fiberglass skin. If
it sounds hollow, then a delamination has occurred. Some delaminations may be
repaired by drilling a tiny hole and injecting resin (of the same type used in construction)
with a syringe. A weighted or clamped piece of wood over the affected area should
restore the structural integrity if it is not too large. If the delamination is larger than the
size of a dollar bill, then fiberglass removal and re-construction is advised.
In some of the early VariEzes, Urethane foam was used extensively in the fuselage. It
does not have the improved bonding qualities of Styrofoam or Poly-vinyl foam as
prescribed later, and should therefore, be checked more often for fiberglass-foam
delaminating.

Strut Rebuilding After Brake Heat Melt-down

You will need some expert composite assistance with the epoxy and glass.

On all the strut repairs I did, we ground the damaged strut end down to a taper and
used Long-EZ spar UNI strips for the repair. The strings in the glass material should be
removed if possible.
Starting at zero, 14 inches up, the outside of the strut was tapered gradually down to
one-half thickness at the bottom using a saws-all and grinder. Approximate cut lines
were marked on the front and back of the strut.
The Large UNI strips were applied using a little flox in the epoxy. They were custom cut
graduated in length to attain the proper thickness.
Peel ply and masking tape were used to conform the strips to approximate the previous
shape. You need above 70 degrees for cure.
After cure the peel ply was removed and the existing axle bolt holes were used as
guides for drilling the axle bolt holes in the new glass. A little sanding with the grinder on
the upper side matched and regained the nice strut shape.
Then the inner side of the strut was removed and tapered from zero at 14 inches up,
down to half thickness at the bottom.
Again the UNI strips were applied vertically and smoothed to shape with Peel ply and
masking tape.
After cure the bolt holes were drilled back through.
The per-plans layers of additional glass wraps were applied around the strut up to about
16 or 18 inches. We actually did this after applying the inner UNI strips but it is easier to
do after the entire lower strut is cured and shaped. After cure the bolt holes were visible
and were drilled.
The bottom four or five inches of the strut should all be new glass, with the old strut
point ending at the point of damage.
On one of the struts I have done, the inner bottom portion of the strut below the damage
stayed attached and was useable for mating purposes, ground or sawed to half
thickness.
If it is not usable below the damage, extend the new glass UNI down matching the other
strut, and trim to proper length.
The axle will then be reinstalled to the rebuilt lower strut per plans.
A heat shield is an easy addition here, not to preclude proper EZ brake usage.

Wear a mask and goggles, and seal around your neck and wrists well. A fan can be
used to some advantage to direct the cloud of ground fiber away from you. Additional
experience from others in the group would be appreciated.
--Bill James, Fort Worth

3.1.2.3 Release Agents

Saran Wrap, Duct Tape, Grease as release devices. Small parts fabricated in molds use
mold release compounds to make life easier when removing the cured parts. Often,
the idea can be applied when doing composite repairs or when fabricating a part by
making the layout on a table or a piece of glass. For a smooth finish, ready for filling or
painting, Saran Wrap is cheap, convenient, and ideal. However, one problem with Saran
Wrap is the difficulty of seeing it during removal after curing the part. Using colored or
tinted Sara Wrap makes this part of the job much easier. Clear Saran Wrap can be
overlooked. That is, it can be overlooked until you apply the paint. Then you see it very
quickly!
NOTE: One reason for using peel ply is to assure the part will have a finish coat of resin
over any glass as when replacing fuel sumps to avoid any channeling or tunneling of
fuel through the glass areas causing leaks.
Both of above taught by Chuck Busch, San Diego, CA
Also, all this talk about using duct tape as a release for small glass parts (wheel pants,
prop spinner) hasn't brought up the fine qualities of axle grease. If you will apply a very
thin coat of axle grease over the duct tape, the breakaway effort is much less. Just
wash the part with soap and water thoroughly to remove the grease.
Terry Yake
---------- I have found that Partall wax works well. It is applied by wiping on a layer, waiting a few
minutes for the wax to harden, then buffing off the surface to a shine. Then apply a layer
of Safelease (a liquid wax), which works very well even on very small and intricate
molds. I think the duct tape and some of the Safelease should take care of all of your
"stuck part" woes. You can find the products at:
http://www.cstsales.com/Vacuum_Bagging/vacuum-bagging-supplies.htm
They also have instructions on how to build your own molds.
Jaques Palin
---------------- --

3.1.3 Re-painting - CAUTION

When you bought your composite canard, maybe it wasnt in very good cosmetic shape.
So, you decide to re-paint it or have someone do it for you. Be very careful!
The fiberglass covering of your plane is part of its structural integrity. If you, or the paint
shop, sand or sandblast into the fiberglass it can render the part unsafe and no longer
airworthy.
The paint system needs to provide a UV barrier as well as just enough paint to provide
a uniform coloring. A properly filled surface may not require another primer. Mike
Melville used a UV protective paint over a well filled and finished surface without a paint
primer.
White is the prescribed color by all the composite designers. That is to minimize the
heat absorption and surface temperature of the aircraft surfaces and prevent the resin
from heat damage.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -

SOLAR ENERGY HEAT ABSORPTION

EFFECT OF PAINT COLOR
High heat absorption can damage radios, instruments, and deform composite aircraft.
"They" say that Burt Rutan refuses to fly in an EZ not painted white.
Gary Hunter: For most resins systems, the reaction stops at a point that gives the cured
resin a Tg (glass transition temperature ) of about 125-135F.

This chart, provided by the DuPont Corporation, was adapted from Soaring Magazine.
AMBIENT
AIR
TEMP COLOR AND PEAK SURFACE TEMPERATURE (F)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------o
F
WHITE YELLOW BLUE
ORANGE
RED
GREEN
BLACK
80
128
137
140
163
178
180
196
90
140
146
152
176
190
192
208
95
145
159
165
180
195
200
215
100
150
154
158
188
200
206
221
110
161
170
177
200
215
219
235
Temperature of a black surface can reach 165oF with ambient temperature of 55o F.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Structural Integrity Warning!
No chemical paint strippers are permitted! Keep the MEK at your mother-in-laws house.
These chemical compounds will penetrate the micro-holes in the resin and eat away the
underlying foam, making the structure no longer airworthy.
When removing paint from the surface of a composite structure, never remove any part
of the fiberglass skin.
Never use chemical solvents to remove the paint. (Some types of foam core portion of
the structure can be destroyed!)
Also, see Paragraph 3.2 concerning the weight and balance of control surfaces.
Also, see Paragraph 3.1 concerning the general issues of foam, fiberglass, and resins.

3.1.3.1 Elevators - Buying - Source

The elevators are the hardest part to hotwire of all the EZ parts as they are so small and
have a lot of curves. These need to be nearly perfect or they can easily be overweight
due to filler or misshaped.
There are vendors out there that will hotwire these for you. I have used Featherlite and
what I received is perfect. I think they want 50 bucks or so a set, but really when all is
considered, it is well worth it. Give them a call and see what they can do for you.
Feather Lite - 1327 South State Street - Airport - Ukiah, CA 95482 (707) 462-2939

3.1.4 Canopy
The Plexiglas canopies are made in a chamber that heats and applies a vacuum to form
the shapes required. They have come from various small company sources over the
years. A very few are made by the aircraft builder. Yours may be clear or tinted, and vary
in thickness from others. In the1980s a popular manufacturer was Dayton Airplane
Factory in New Carlisle, OH. They are no longer in business. There were subsequent
manufacturers in that area north of Dayton, OH, but they are no longer advertising. The
only canopy company listed in recent advertisements is Airplane Plastics, in Tipp City,
OH, near Dayton and New Carlisle.
See the classified ads in Kitplanes and Sport Aviation.
Try Todds Canopies, Todd Silver www.kgarden.com/todd
(954-579-0874)

3.1.4.1 Plexiglas Canopy Repair

One additional word of caution. Polymethlymethacrylate (PMMA) or Plexiglas is
extremely sensitive to stress corrosion cracking. Whenever you drill into Plexiglas
(either for attaching or crack-stopping) you should observe two rules taught to me by a
research scientist whose specialty was Plexiglas:
1) Avoid corrodants - clean the drill with a good detergent and then rinse well with
rubbing alcohol and allow to dry. The reason for doing this is that small amounts of oil
can stress corrode the drill hole and radial cracks will form and propagate into the bulk
plastic.
2) Minimize heating - drill very slowly with a sharp drill. The reason for this is that
Plexiglas responds like glass to thermally induced stress. Drilling too fast will heat and
soften the plastic at the drill hole wall. If the temperature of the inside diameter of the
hole gets above the glass transition temperature of the plastic, the surface of the drilled
hole will go into hoop tension on cooling. Couple that with some oil contamination (see
rule #1) and you will get those radial cracks some days later which can really ruin your
day at some time in the future. By softening, I do not mean that the plastic will get
gummy. It just has to get warm enough to become stress free at the highest
temperature reached.
Methylene dichloride (commercially shortened to methylene chloride), by the way, is not
the cement, it is the solvent. You can use pure methylene dichloride to bond two pieces
of Plexiglas together by allowing the surfaces of the pieces to be joined to dissolve
(soak) in a shaped tray containing methylene dichloride. If injecting straight methylene
dichloride works to join cracks, I would be interested to know. In another life, I made
many Plexiglas underwater camera housings using the soak and join technique.
Acrylic cement, as I know it, is a solution of PMMA in methylene dichloride. Such a

cement would carry additional PMMA into the crack for joining.
Also, methylene chloride can cause corrosion cracking of PMMA by dissolving some of
the surface Plexiglas and causing cracks as the solvent evaporates.
There are no simple solutions.
Marc Borom, August 2002
For cleaning the canopy, I have used Pledge and a soft cloth. The similar optic factors
are supposed to render slight cracks invisible. In 15 years, I have had no negative
effects from Pledge. _MAH
Canopy Scratches
From: "Nick U" <unick3@gmail.com>
During my last engine replacement I decided to take care of all the scratches in my
canopy acquired during the last 2,000 hrs. I learned this is how the factory polishes
canopies during a forum by the manufacturer at Sun N Fun.
Sand the surface in question. If really bad, start with WET SANDING 600 or 800 grit,
otherwise for light scratches start with 1200 grit. Work your way up to about 1500 grit.
Use a block where possible, and feather the sanding out a good distance to prevent
distortion. I was really nervous when my entire canopy turned milky white both inside
and outside. It freaked me out. What in the world was I doing?
Then, buff it with 3M Microfinishing Compound PN: 051131-06011; then, with 3M
Finesse-it PN 051131-05928. These are available from any automotive paint supply
store and are routinely used to finish paint on cars.
To my amazement and pleasure, after using a low speed paint buffer, the canopy buffed
out perfectly. It is now the clearest I have seen in years. I now use the 3M-Finesse to
clean and polish up the canopy regularly. Just get out the buffer and go to it.
---- -

3.2 Control Surfaces

These are the most important components of your plane!
They are subject to the most stringent fabrication requirements in the whole plane. The
reason is the vital concern for aero-dynamic flutter. The designers specifications and

requirements must be kept in mind and certain balance criteria met to prevent in-flight
flutter and catastrophic failure of a flying surface and probable death to the occupants.
Uncorrected flutter can cause a composite, metal, or wooden airplane to disintegrate in
seconds!
During the initial flight testing of the plane, procedures are specified to verify the stability
of the control surfaces. After those tests have been completed, any change in weight or
weight distribution requires the balance and flight tests to be successfully repeated.
Safety of Flight Issue:
If you remove or add any (read this to be even an ounce) of weight to the ailerons or
elevators, or sand any portion of the ailerons or elevators, or add or subtract any paint
to any portion of the top or bottom surfaces, the designers balance criteria must be
retested successfully. Flight testing is defined in 5 knot increments to Vne and must be
re-done to re-establish the stability requirements.
This flight test data is to be recorded in the logbook. Pay attention here. And you
thought you wouldnt need to become a test pilot. Failure to pay close attention to this
will yield catastrophic flying surface failures and death to the occupants! Is this clear?
There are two sides to owning an EXPERIMENTAL aircraft.
One is before you buy it.
The other is after you buy it.
Make sure you dont buy the farm after you buy the airplane.

3.2.1 Wing Trailing Edge Fences

Testimonial by Tim LoDolce (Flying Tiger) (October 26, 2001):
I installed a set of TE fences on the VariEze about 20 hours ago after talking with Klaus
Savier about them. I think he was the first one to install them permanently on his
VariEze. He claimed I would see a 10 kts lower approach speed with much more aileron
authority and he was absolutely on the money!
Previous to the trailing-edge fences my approach speeds were around 90 kts that
makes for some long roll-outs after landing.
I also found the airplane tended to start a very mild Dutch roll somewhere below my 90
kt. approach speed but not anymore. The fences are a real significant safety
improvement to our canards.
I now approach at 80 knots, and by short final I'm getting down to 70 knots with full
control authority.

The fences offer much improved aileron authority in all phases of flight including
crosswinds. I also have not found any loss of top speed from the fences. I made mine
out of 2 ply's of BID fiberglass cut in long triangles that extend 1 1/2 inches beyond the
trailing edge of the wing and they are 3 1/2 inches from top to bottom on the back end.
Mine extend about 2 1/2 inches above the horizontal of the wing and 1 inch below. I
have seen them cut in triangles and teardrop patterns and both are affective.
PS. I did ask Klaus at Reno this year if they would work on a Long-EZ. He told me he
had now tested them on the Longs and found the same improvements. The placement
is a little different for the Longs.
For more information see: www.lightspeedengineering.com
Note: Canard stall, leading to high sink rate, is another limiting factor in approach-tolanding speeds. Its one thing to maintain aileron authority at slower speeds, but yet
another to have positive pitch control margin all the way to the tarmac.

3.2.2 Vortex Generators

TYPE 1 -- The early Long-EZs used the GU canard airfoil, and it was susceptible to
rain fade. When the plane encounters moisture (virga, clouds, light or heavy rain),
canard lift reduces, with a resultant loss in altitude without adding pitch control input.
The sensitivity to moisture varied from builder-to-builder, depending on imperceptible
manufacturing differences. Some planes became humidity sensors, while others
required only a slight pitch correction to maintain altitude in visible rain. This is the
reason the Roncz canard was offered as a replacement design. Did you flight test your
canard design in light rain?
Vortex generators have been installed by some builders to reduce the moisture-induced
loss of lift. You will see this on some of the canards. The size, number, shape and
location on the canard are critical elements. A thorough design, fabrication, and test
flight program are the necessary steps to incorporating this modification.
TYPE 2 Jim Price, working with the University of Michigan, developed vortex
generators to increase slow speed performance of his Long-EZ in preparation for his
successful world altitude setting effort (35,022 Feet, I believe.) In this case, Jim has
vortex generators on the wings as well as the canard. However, the vortex generator
placement on the canard is not the same as those used to reduce rain fade. Again, this
requires detailed engineering knowledge and a carefully planned and executed flight
test program.

3.2.3 Long-EZ Aileron Rod-end Airworthiness Directive

I have learned a lot about this mod since CP 103 first came out. If you are going to
comply with this CP, here are some hints.
First thing is, do not use HM-4's. Wick's has a rod end that has a 3/16" hole in the ball
and is in every other way equivalent to the HM-4. This will save having to drill out all the
bell cranks. Wick's part number is XM-3 (I know it doesn't make sense unless the dash
number spec's the hole in the ball, but it is a 1/4-28 thread) They are $8.45 each, so the
cost is a push if you consider the savings on the other hardware that can be re-used.
Don't forget to buy new jam nuts, though. (Thanks to Ken Miller for this tip)
Second, check to see if you have the original CS-1 aluminum inserts or the later CS-50
steel inserts (usually attached with pop rivets). The CS 50 inserts are too short to
rework, they just don't have the room to fit the larger, longer rod ends.
Last, Take your current push rods and measure the distance from the center of the hole
in the ball to the insert side of the jam nut AS IT IS INSTALLED. The minimum it can be
is .65". Shorter than that and the larger rod end won't be able to be adjusted down
enough. Then measure from the insert side of the jam nut to the center of the head of
the first rivet. Less than 1" must be added to the .65" i.e. center of ball to insert side of
jam nut is .70", the minimum distance from the inside edge of the jam nut to the center
of the rivet is .95".
Clear as mud right? My offer still holds, If you want to comply with the CP and you
believe your current push rods can be retro fitted, I'll do the rethreading for free.
Contact me at fly.ez@verizon.net for shipping info. -- Rick Girard 09/02

3.2.4 Aileron Teflon Hinge Kits

Bill Theeringer<Composite_Aircraft_Accessories@Compuserve.com>
Subject: Aileron Hinge Kit
I have updated the web site to include the correct sizes and tolerances. The Teflon
sieving is 14 gauge electrical, has an OD of 0.125, a wall thickness of 0.010, an ID of
0.105, and uses a 0.094 302 SS welding rod pin. This leaves a 0.011 slop around the
pin.
http://149.174.34.11/homepages/Composite_Aircraft_Accessories/teflons.htm

3.3 Fuel Tanks and Fuel Leaks

Fuel tanks are integral to the airframe structure. Resin is applied liberally during the
construction process to seal the inside of the tanks. However, once in a great while,
someone will discover a leak. Strangely at first, the leak may appear well away from the

tank walls before the fuel finds itself visible to the owner. Capillary action can make the
leak travel or tunnel to far away places, and even appear in the nose of the plane. Youll
ask, What is causing that? Theres no fuel up there. The glass fibers serve as tunnels
for the gas that penetrates the resin coating of the tank. One key reason for using peelply over the finished surfaces, to assure a resin layer seal over all glass.
One technique for diagnosis is to partially fill the leaking tank. Then tilt the fuselage at
various angles and leave it alone for several hours to see if the leak appears at the exit
point. This will take days to find the source of the leak, but it has shown to be effective.
And now the repair process. Of course, you will need access to the suspected area,
whether its on the fuselage side surface or somewhere else on the tank surface. There
went the paint job. And you will need to learn how to repair composite structures to
finish the job.
Don't try to adhere Vinyl Ester resins to Epoxy resins. Although both are fuel resistant,
resins bond best to themselves but not so well to each other.
Once the tank has been soaked in fuel, it is difficult to get most things to bond to the
inner surfaces, even after sanding and abrading.
Recommend you buy some Pro-Seal - fuel tank sealant as used in aluminum tanks.
This product has been specifically formulated for doing just what you want it to do, i.e.,
seal leaks.
It bonds extremely well and remain flexible yet fuel resistant. It comes in two grades,
one grade is rather viscous and gooey to be daubed or troweled into place with an
applicator stick. The other is brushable, and intended to be used to line the entire inside
of the fuel tank. Take your pick based on what you want to do.
They are both about $40 - You will only need small portion, so don't plan on mixing up
the whole container. You might look around for another builder that may have some left
over from sealing his tanks, or you can sell him your leftovers.
First, remove all the garbage from previous attempts to seal the leak. Scrape it, sand it,
grind it, whatever; get rid of it.
As mentioned, the tank inter-skin is fuel soaked. It is highly recommend you find some
way to allow it to dry out for day or two. This is especially important for the area you
found is leaking. Any fuel weeping from the leak area will definitely keep anything from
sticking - especially mogas.
Apply a heat lamp, from a distance or even just a 40-watt light bulb to warm up the
surfaces and drive out any residual fuel. Dont let it get too hot, no more than about
140F. As a rule of thumb, (perhaps hand) if you can hold your hand flat on the hot
surface to the count of ten, the temperature is below 140F.

Allow it to cool before applying the Pro-Seal. That should do it.

Gary Hunter - EAA Technical Counselor
Addendum (MAH) The gas sumps (blisters under the wings) of a Long-EZ can leak. A
fault in construction caused both of mine to leak after 17 years. The rear edges of the
sumps were installed over the flexible edge of the fuselage/cowl connection area
subjecting the sumps to movement when installing or removing the lower cowl. After
four months trying to fix the problem, the old, very thin sumps were replaced with new
Feather-Lite, prefabricated sumps for $25 each. The new sumps are heavier. Peel ply is
a must during repair.

3.3.2 Fuel Caps

Fuel cap quality generally has improved over the years. Early ones were held in place
by a Zusz fastener with an O ring that needs lubricant. Some models employ the
thermos bottle expansion technique. Still others are adapted from production aircraft or
possibly from motorcycle fuel tanks. In any case, all types should be tethered to the
aircraft to prevent in-flight loss. This chain can serve as a ground during fueling. Check
your plane for the tethers. This is a flight safety issue! When the cap departs the plane,
there is a high probability that it will hit the prop, catastrophically damaging the propeller
and causing a forced landing, right now!
Fuel caps lost in flight have caused off-field landings with lives lost. Make sure the fuel
caps on your plane are tethered!
(MAH - Note: Leaking gas caps are the main source of water in gas tanks, not
condensation. Old, dry O rings, poor fit, and failure to secure tops allow water to enter
the tanks. A Long-EZ departing Sun N Fun barely made it back for a landing on a
closed runway after taking off without draining sufficient fuel during his pre-flight check.
It had rained heavily during the night, and his tanks caps were not secured (to avoid
venting gas from tank vents). That is another case when you can have too much fuel in
the tanks. When Long-EZ gas tanks are full and parked nose down, expanding fuel
flows out the vents and into the rear seat if fuel caps are tight. So this makes ezes the
exception to the adage: The only time you have too much fuel is when there is a fire.

3.3.3 Fuel Gauges

Almost all canards utilize coffee urn sight gauges for all of the fuel tanks, left, right,
and possible header. They are simple and accurate, though hard to read. Because the
original plans had you squinting to see through epoxy and several layers of fiberglass to
read the fuel levels, many builders added white plastic backgrounds and a clear outer
layer. The material for the visible portion of the gauge is made of plate glass or a non-

crazing plastic. Inside the gauge, a piece of red material is supposed to float up and
down with the fuel level. Sometimes, this indicator sticks to the side of the gauge and
does not perform its intended function. A few builders use in-tank electric (capacitance)
sensors and have the advantage of reading inaccurate fuel levels from gauges on the
instrument panel. (The FAA requires all fuel gauges to be accurate at Empty. The
engine has a way to tell us when there is no fuel.)
Suppliers:
a. Vance Atkinson still sells the clear gauges, and would have repair parts if needed.
Email: nostromo56@home.com
b. Wicks Aircraft and Aircraft Spruce and Specialty catalogs have the capacitance type
gauges.
c. Aerospace Logic Toll free: 866-261-9506/$180 for a two tank, digital instrument
without sensors

3.3.4 Fuel System Debris Screens

Especially on plans-built aircraft, there is an opportunity to get tiny pieces of foam into
the fuel tanks during construction. If you are a second owner, hopefully all the debris of
the building process has been removed by now. But, it is still a good practice to check
the gascolator regularly for foreign material. There is a risk of contamination from fuel
suppliers.
The tanks should have screens located at the tank exits. These may be tealeaf strainers
or copper/stainless steel screen door material that was floxed into place during
construction. The important note is the size of material weave and what can be
screened. The next opportunity to screen debris is in the gascolator. You will be
checking that during each condition inspection and at other times considered necessary.
If your engine uses an Ellsion Throttle Body Injector (TBI), there should be another filter
that probably was adapted from an automobile. This one is able to filter out very small
particles (70 micron) that could block holes in the TBI fuel nozzle.
Then, finally, a very small screen the last chance filter is part of the carburetor or
TBI. Repair parts are available from the manufacturers. Most will want to perform the
maintenance to guarantee performance and keep warranties in place.

3.3.5. Gas Tank selector valve (Replacement)

"John Lambert" <varieze@conwaycorp.net>

The Allen fuel valve (65122 - ACS P/N 05-29500). This is almost a drop in replacement
(about as close as you can get). No binding, no galling, and can be rebuilt with o-rings.
----- "Bill Allen" <bill@allenworld.com>
The Andair fuel valve is the best quality you can get. They also make fuel drains,
gascolators, crankcase vents etc, all of the same high quality. Spruce sells them, or you
can deal direct.
----- Ken Miller <kenmiller@optonline.net>
The Weatherhead valve is essentially "AD"d and should not be used. This is not a
simple complication issue, it is a safety issue. John Denver had a Weatherhead valve
and is not with us any longer. The Allen is an excellent choice for the bucks. If you have
a few more, then the Andair is probably the best.

4.0 Brakes
Brakes (Wheels), Landing Gear, Axles, and Hardware
If buying new brakes, check the top quality product on the market being offered by
Robbie Grove of Grove Aircraft.
...Heavy Duty brakes work the best, bar none. Groves are superior to Clevelands and
Matco's and cost a good chunk less!
"Flying Tiger" <tiger@telis.org>
Grove Aircraft (www.groveaircraft.com - Email: sales@groveaircraft.com)
1800 Joe Crosson Drive, El Cajon, CA 92020 - Tel: (619) 562-1268
To see photos and description: http://www.groveaircraft.com/wbproducts.html
To download a catalog in pdf format. http://www.groveaircraft.com/catareq.html
General Brake Information (http://www.groveaircraft.com/brake_info.html)
Use the Proper Brake Fluid - Improper brake fluid will ruin the seals in the brake system.
Use only standard aircraft Mil-H-5606 red hydraulic fluid. Never use automotive brake
fluid!
Bleed the Brakes - The best method to fill and bleed aircraft brakes is from the bottom
up. Loosely connect a 1/8" ID clear hose to the brake caliper bleeder screw from your

brake fluid source. An oil can used exclusively for this purpose works well. Pump the oil
can until the hose is full of fluid, with no air bubbles. Tightly secure the hose to the
bleeder valve, while opening a quarter turn. Pump fluid into the system until it fills the
brake cylinder reservoir. (The reservoir filler or vent cap must be open during this
process.) Tighten the bleeder valve screw, remove the hose, and reseal the reservoir.
Check your work by insuring that the reservoir is full and that you have a "hard peddle".
If you have a "soft peddle", pump the brakes several times. Many times that will fix the
problem. If the problem persists, drain the fluid and repeat the above process.
Tighten and Safety Wire the Brake Calipers - Torque the brake caliper bolts to 80 inchpounds, and then safety wire.
Seat the Brake Pads - These non-asbestos organic composition brake pads require a
thin layer of glazed material at the lining friction surface in order to provide maximum
braking performance. This glazed layer is produced by the heat generated during
normal braking operations, and is maintained during the life of the lining. Since new
brake pads do not have this layer, it must be created by the following process:
1. Heat the pads by performing a full stop from 30-40 mph.
2. Allow the brakes to cool for 5-10 minutes.
3. Test the results at full static run-up. If the brakes hold, break-in is complete. If they fail
to hold, repeat steps 1 and 2 until they do.
Wheel & Brake Specifications
Model #
50-1A
56-1A
57-1A
60-1

Tire Size
500x5
500x5
500x5
600x6

Brake Pad #
66-106
66-111
66-111
66-105

Kinetic Energy
118,164
205,146
246,175
186,800

A Long-EZ pilot at Gillespie Field in San Diego, CA has a Long-EZ with the O-320
engine, plus other tweaked improvements such as gear coverings, carbon fiber cowling
and wheel pants.
After a tire failure leading to a lost wheel pants problem leading to a lack of sufficient
braking problem with Cleveland brakes, Jerry installed Robbies Brakes. He had one
emergency stopping situation since installation, and raves how good these are. - MAH
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4.1 Brake Calipers

The heavy duty brake calipers on the Long- EZ (caliper assembly 30-133).

Here are the parts numbers for the seals: All three part numbers identify the same
O-ring.
Cleveland part number 101-05200 (not listed in Spruce catalog)
MS number MS28775-224 (also not listed in Spruce catalog)
AN number AN6230B-2 (this one IS listed in the catalog)

4.2 Brake Lines - Nylaflow, etc.

Responses to Canard-Aviators
From: "Bruce and Candy Hughes" <bruce@ywave.com>
Subject: SS braided teflon addition to your brake lines
I have had Nylaflow brake lines for more years than I would like to admit. They served
well during taxi testing. However I was worried that the line might melt and the fluid
might ignite. This has happened to one of my friends and he almost lost his Long-EZ.
There are at least 2 ways to avoid that problem.
(1) Use solid stainless steel tubing. I believe that is the ultimate because the melting
point of steel is very high and the fiberglass leg would melt first. I was worried about the
constant flexing of the steel. This probably is not anything to worry about. If you want to
go that way, some of the Berkut people probably can help you.
(2) Use SS braided Teflon tubing. This is the way I did mine and I am extremely happy
with the results. Richard Riley was a LOT of help on this. However he thought that I had
a different size Nylaflow tubing so much effort was wasted. My Nylaflow lines are 3/16",
common in Longezes. Richard did refer me to a great company to deal with: American
Street Rod. They are a large distributor of Earl's products and have a toll free number:
800-990-1912.
It is interesting that they cover their a** by inserting a note warning you that the brake
line is for "used on off-road applications". I hope that I am never on the interstate
freeway system but who knows?
The following works well if you ALREADY have a brake system using Nylaflow and the
typical brass fittings on the calipers. In the ASSC catalog on page 113 these are called
"Brass Poly-flo Fittings" and mine are the 90 degree type (#269P 03x02). This is a 2
part fitting, the 90 degree male part will be discarded but the part that fits the Nylaflow
will be used. You also will need a fitting that is straight (#268P 03x02). If your Nylaflow is
1/4 inch you will have to use different Brass Poly-flo Fittings (see the ASSC catalog).
1. Call 800-990-1912 or 916-638-3275 and ask for Tim

2. Tell him you need a pair of brake lines that have a 90 degree fitting on one end and a
180 fitting on the other end. About 3 1/2 to 4 inches of braid should be visible
BETWEEN the fittings. DO NOT get them any longer! The fittings are stainless steel and
the brake line is 1/8 inch ID. Tim may lead you through the fittings on their website
but he just made mine so he should not have to do that.
3. You will also need 2 adapters to go from the pipe thread of the caliper to the SS line
and from the SS line to the Brass Poly-flo Fitting. One is male NPT to male to the brake
line fitting and is p/n 961603. The other is female NPT to male and is p/n 968703
4. When you get the fittings, you unscrew the existing brass poly-flo fitting from the
caliper and discard the larger part. Put the stainless steel 90 degree fitting on the caliper
and push the curving braided line up against the gear leg. You probably will want to
make a fiberglass or aluminum bracket to hold the line tight against the gear leg. Use a
rubber grommet to avoid vibration damage. I think I will make an aluminum bracket and
attach it by using two of the bolts that hold the wheel to the gear leg. This will mean
taking the wheel off and may mean using longer AN4 bolts.
5. I assume that you have a plastic line down the back side of the gear leg and the
Nylaflow tubing inside the plastic line. The plastic line is held on the gear leg with a
fiberglass wrapping and is painted to avoid UV damage. The end result is a curving
Nylaflow line that runs down the back side and/or inside of the wheel leg to the adapter
and stainless steel 180 degree fitting. It turns the line back upward so the SS braided
line goes up and forward in a gentle curve to reach the 90 degree SS fitting and adapter
that will go on the caliper. The fittings on both ends of the lines are swivel fittings so you
have no trouble attaching everything.
6. Several years ago I made an aluminum shield that somewhat shielded the Nylaflow
line as it came around the BACK side of the gear leg. You may want to engineer that
shield if you want one as I have no way to send a picture and no pictures to send. I
have to modify it now because it will rub the Nylaflow in the new configuration.
7. If you want more info, email me direct. I can lead you through the American Street
Rod website so you can see everything.
---------------- --Other responses:
From: "Chuck Busch" <ezflyr82@cox.net>
We fly a bunch of Long's and found the Nylaflow junction at the caliper to be a constant
maintenance headache. This was mostly due to the heat produced by the caliper
causing the nylon to lose the seal at the caliper fitting.
A VERY SIMPLE solution was to go to the local auto parts store and get a length of

standard 3/16 OD steel brake line with 1/8" tube fittings on both ends (it is sold like this)
and the proper fittings (right angle) to adapt from these to the 1/8" pipe thread in the
caliper and the nylon on the other end. Cut the tube in half and then trim each half to the
length required to run from the caliper to the back of the gear leg. Junction to the nylon
at that point. We routed ours down along the bottom of the gear leg and then back up so
as to provide some heat dissipation area and flexibility for caliper movement. We
clamped the steel / nylon junction / fitting to the heat shields to prevent vibration and to
sink heat from the metal tubing to the heat shield. Now, the heat from the caliper is
being transmitted through a metal to metal fitting at the caliper eliminating the leak
problem.
We have this installed on three Long's in one hangar. No more leak problems in the
three / four years since installation.
---- From: "Harry E. Abbott" <heabbott1@cox.net>
I had the same problem with tubing being softened at the fitting many moons ago. This
occurred after a long rambling taxi at a big airport on a windy day. I am convinced the
prolonged braking got the entire brake caliper and fitting hot enough to soften the plastic
tubing.
Even though the new tubing can hold a higher pressure, it does not mean it will operate
at higher temperatures. Check the specs on its operating temperature.
My solution at the time was a short 6" stainless braided flex hose from the caliper to an
adapter fitting to continue the Nylo-seal up the gear leg. This has worked for 15 years.
-------- --Subject: Brake lines
There are at least 2 ways to avoid the melted Nylaflow tubing problem.
(1) Use solid stainless steel tubing.
I believe that is the ultimate because the melting point of steel is very high and the
fiberglass leg would melt first. I was worried about the constant flexing of the steel.
This probably is not anything to worry about. If you want to go that way, some of the
Berkut people probably can help you.
(2) Use SS braided Teflon tubing.

This is the way I did mine and I am extremely happy with the results. Richard Riley was
a LOT of help on this. My Nylaflow lines are 3/16" which is common in Long-EZes, I
think. Richard did refer me to a great company to deal with: American Street Rod.
They are a large distributor of Earl's products and have a toll free number:
800-990-1912.
The following works well if you ALREADY have a brake system using Nylaflow and the
typical brass fittings on the calipers. In the ASSC catalog on page 113 these are called
"Brass Poly-flo Fittings" and mine are the 90 degree type (#269P 03x02). This is a 2
part fitting, the 90 degree male part will be discarded but the part that fits the Nylaflow
will be used. You also will need a fitting that is straight (#268P 03x02). If your Nylaflow is
1/4 inch you will have to use different Brass Poly-flo Fittings (see the ASSC catalog).
1. Call 800-990-1912 or 916-638-3275 and ask for Tim
2. Tell him you need a pair of brake lines that have a 90 degree fitting on one end and a
180 fitting on the other end. About 3 1/2 to 4 inches of braid should be visible
BETWEEN the fittings. DO NOT get them any longer! The fittings are stainless steel and
the brake line is 1/8 inch ID. Tim may lead you through the fittings on their website
but he just made mine so he should not have to do that.
3. You will also need 2 adapters to go from the pipe thread of the caliper to the SS line
and from the SS line to the Brass Poly-flo Fitting. One is male NPT to male to the brake
line fitting and is p/n 961603. The other is female NPT to male and is p/n 968703
4. When you get the fittings, you unscrew the existing brass poly-flo fitting from the
caliper and discard the larger part. Put the stainless steel 90 degree fitting on the caliper
and push the curving braided line up against the gear leg. You probably will want to
make a fiberglass or aluminum bracket to hold the line tight against the gear leg. Use
a rubber grommet to avoid vibration damage. I think I will make an aluminum bracket
and attach it by using two of the bolts that hold the wheel to the gear leg. This will mean
taking the wheel off and may mean using longer AN4 bolts.
5. I assume that you have a plastic line down the back side of the gear leg and the
nylaflow tubing inside the plastic line. The plastic line is held on the gear leg with a
fiberglass wrapping and is painted to avoid UV damage. The end result is a curving
nylaflow line which runs down the back side and/or inside of the wheel leg to the
adapter and stainless steel 180 degree fitting. It turns the line back upward so the SS
braided line goes up and forward in a gentle curve to reach the 90 degree SS fitting and
adapter which will go on the caliper. The fittings on both ends of the lines are swivel
fittings so you have no trouble attaching everything.
6. Several years ago I made an aluminum shield which somewhat shielded the Nylaflow
line as it came around the BACK side of the gear leg. You may want to engineer that
shield if you want one as I have no way to send a picture and no pictures to send. I
have to modify it now because it will rub the Nylaflow in the new configuration.

7. If you want more info, email me direct. I can lead you through the American Street
Rod website so you can see everything.
From: bruce@ywave.com
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -I received a brake line from American Street Rod. The part numbers are:
63010110 - 3 Stainless steel braided, Teflon, 10" or longer hose - 3 means it is 1/8" ID
961603 - 3 Stainless Steel adapter to go to 1/8" NPT
968703 - 3 Stainless Steel adapter to go to 1/8" NPT
One of the adapters is straight and one is a 45 degree adapter. If you need 2 straight
adapters, check with Tim at American Street Rod. Also one of the adapters is female
because there was a 45 degree male-male steel fitting already in the case. If you do not
have that fitting you could get a male adapter.
It is necessary to change the 1/8" ID to the smallest hole you can get. I put a 1/8"
aluminum rivet in a vise to squeeze it to a slightly greater diameter, then drilled a 0.020
hole through the rivet lengthwise, and then forced it into the SS adapter with the vise.
That 020 hole will slow the flow of oil out of the case if the line should become lose.
There is NO possibility of it breaking.

4.3 The Basics of Brakes, Care and Maintenance (Ann McMahon (LA)
Ann McMahon/ (LA) - canard-aviators forum - July 2004 -- Outside of the engine, brakes
on the Long-EZ are the most important system, providing both steering and stopping.
Also, brakes are an unpredictable system on the plane, since we cannot check them in
the air. Only when we land and apply them do we know the condition. Because certain
maintenance problems can lead to erratic operation - they can be fine one day, gone the
next.
A recent experience of losing all brake fluid on the right side of my Long-EZ, provided
me an excuse to overhaul my entire brake system and learn all I could. As a novice and
non-builder, I will never know as much as Gene Zabler, Herb Sanders and Vance
Atkinson have forgotten. But, you have to start somewhere.
Having met new members of Central States Association, several of them non-builders, it
seemed prudent to summarize and repeat information. We non-builders know that many
A&Ps do not know the Long-EZ and will not take responsibility for the airframe on an
annual unless you do. To take this responsibility, you have to learn about your aircraft. I

hope this helps.

My research took me to back issues of Central States all the way to 1987, the Arnie Ash
years (Central States founder) and my own set of Long-EZ plans. I also received
valuable input from Gene Zabler, Miss Sandi at Cleveland Brakes and the Cleveland
Brakes Maintenance Manual. Most importantly, I learned a great deal from slowly taking
the systems apart on my own Long-EZ with the thoughtful and patient assistance of my
husband, Rhett.
Preflight
This is probably the most import check on the brake system since the first sign of
trouble will usually reveal itself in a thorough exam of the wheels, brakes and
connections. These are the items on my Preflight Checklist.
1. Check for dark residue on brake assembly that means slow leak.
2. Check for the obvious fast leak with fluid on the ground or parts.
3. Check tightness of line connection at brake assembly.
4. Check connection points of aluminum lines for fatigue cracks.
5. Check pad thickness.
6. If you have exposed portions of Nylaflow, make sure aluminum tape wrap is secure
and covers all these areas to protect from UV and brake generated heat.
7. As you taxi to the runway, concentrate on how the pedals feel. Are they firm or do
they feel spongy and tend to travel a bit after full application? Do you have vibration?
8. At run-up, notice how the brakes hold. Are they steady or do they creep?
Regular Maintenance
Check the lines throughout the aircraft annually.
There is ongoing debate between aluminum lines versus Nylaflow lines. They both have
their strengths and weaknesses. Aluminum lines are light and strong.
However, they are /not/ supple. I just saw a fatigue crack in front of a connection on an
aluminum oil line in my hanger mates Lancair that nearly cost him his engine. Nylaflow
lines are supple and they are strong. As a knowledgeable friend said once, you could
hang yourself from the ceiling with them. However, they are susceptible to UV light and

to becoming brittle. So they must be replaced at intervals. Best consensus on this

interval seems to be 5 to 7 years, and when installed, the exposed section should be
covered with aluminum tape for UV and heat protection.
[MAH - My Long-EZ was on the ramp for 12 years in Miami, Florida, when the Nylaflow
became brittle and required replacing. The Nylaflow inside the gear up to the brake fluid
reservoir was like new - no UV damage! Wrapping the exposed tubing is very
important.]
Regular and thorough maintenance checks should prevent surprises.
*Overhaul those Master Cylinders approximately every 2 years*.
But keep in mind your own overhaul schedule may be different. Cleveland can
provide exploded views that aid in putting the cylinders back together and help identify
parts.
Master cylinders collect dirt. They do this because the piston in the master cylinder
travels only a short portion of the available stroke - just far enough to expand the caliper
and then return it to its relaxed position. Dirt accumulates in that unused part that never
sees the piston. Therefore, never pump up the system by depressing the master
cylinder its full length or until it bottoms. If you do, you pull this dirt and grit up in the
cylinders damaging primary cups and/or O-rings and causing complete failure of the
master cylinder!
These failures can be unpredictable in how they occur. The brakes can work fine at one
temperature and then dump all fluid when it gets cold, for example. Oh, and one more
point, make a note of the position of the Clavis Rod on the Piston Rod /before/ you take
the master cylinder apart. This is your brake/rudder adjustment on the Long (more on
this later). It would also be helpful to check the degree deflection on your rudders, as
well, before you start this process.
Clean and replace O-rings in brake cylinder assembly approximately every 2 years.
Cleaning is important because you can not detect leaks with a dirty assembly.
O-rings have to be replaced anytime the assemblies are taken apart because any brake
fluid makes the o-rings swell. Then, when they are removed, they do not fit properly and
need to be replaced.
If you have Cleveland brakes, you will have to remove the piston in the assembly to
replace the O-ring. This can be done by holding a hand tire pump to the line connection
and gently applying pressure. The piston will pop out.
*Replace hardware at line connection points to brakes and master cylinders
approximately every 2 years.*

Remember your own schedule may vary. My experience is with hardware for Nylaflow
lines. The parts to get this done are non-standard to certified aircraft maintenance and
unique to the homebuilt arena. This consists of a 3 part, brass fitting that can be
purchased at your local automotive or hardware store. Included is a sleeve with a
flanged end that fits inside the last half inch of tubing at the wheel end, a short barrel
shaped sleeve that fits over the outside of the line and a nut that fits over both. The
barrel sleeve and the nut both slide to the end of the tubing where it connects. The nut
is then slowly tightened over the barrel sleeve, crushing the barrel sleeve over the
tubing and inner sleeve connection to make a leak-proof fitting.
*Replace the brake pads as needed or anytime there has been a fluid leak*.
Brake fluid destroys the integrity of brake pads. They disintegrate. My own experience
has been original equipment manufactures (OEM) work the best (make sure you order
extra rivets).
Spend the money to get the proper tool to remove and replace the rivets that attach the
pad to the assembly. I have the threaded driver and it works just great. Again, those
exploded drawings help out here.
Once the pads are on and the system is together, you will need to condition the new
pads to achieve max surface life. For Clevelands, this means taxing the aircraft at 1700
rpm for 1500 feet with both brakes applied to keep the plane running at 5 to 10 mph.
Allow the brakes to cool for 10 to 15 minutes and then see if they hold the full run-up
rpm. If not, repeat the above procedure.
*Replace the fluid in the brake lines with every overhaul*.
The correct way to do this is to push the fluid via an apparatus attached externally to the
bleeder valve on the wheel cylinder or caliper. If you do not have a specific air tool for
this, a hand operated oil can with a piece of tubing on the end of its snout works just
fine. If you have nothing, you can pump the brake pedal by hand and with lots of short
strokes to avoid bottoming out the piston discussed earlier.
Make sure your aircraft is sitting up with the nose gear fully extended before you start
this procedure or you will probably not eliminate all the air bubbles from the system nor
fill the brake master cylinders fully. This really takes two people if your master cylinders
are mounted in the front, as mine are. One person needs to make sure all air bubbles
are out of the lines while the other pumps fluid at the wheels. Aviation brake fluid still
seems to be the best. Keep in mind it is flammable and there have been brake fires
started with the combination of a leak and hot brakes.
*Adjust the Clavis Rod on the Cylinder piston rod, if needed*.
This adjustment affects both the brake pedal portion of travel of the rudder pedals and
the rudder deflection itself. Start at the point your marked on the rod before taking apart

the Master Cylinders. In my Long, my rudder pedals traveled too far before engaging
the brakes. In screwing the Clavis Rod up or down on the threaded portion of the
Master Cylinder Piston Rod, a position was found that provided firm braking with more
than the minimal rudder deflection. Make sure you know where the threads stop at the
top of the rod because you can not see them when the Clavis Rod is in place. Also
remember, as the brakes wear down, the rudders will deflect more.
In the original plans, Burt Rutan calls for a 30-degree deflection of the original rudders. I
have the big rudder mods on my Long, that call for 23-degrees to 28-degree deflection.
Some Long drivers, however, prefer to crank in a lot more. Just be careful that you do
not adjust the rudder pedal travel so short that the brakes lock before you get the
deployment of rudder you need on a very windy day. You will have to do taxi runs to
check this.
*Additional Information is available*.
Get the Cleveland Maintenance Manual and sign up for their periodic product updates.
You can reach Sandi at 216-937-1261. They will answer the phone Parker-Hannifin
because Parker owns Cleveland. Sandi can also provide exploded, labeled views of the
assemblies.
Jeppesen provides excellent basic maintenance instruction books on wheels and
brakes. You can buy these from most of the Long-EZ construction supply sources.
There are also maintenance videos available from the same place and there is an
especially large selection in the Sportys catalog.
This Central States newsletter has a wealth of information if you dig. If you dont like
digging, contact David Orr at 714-852-7230. He can generate computer printouts of
articles on any topic you request for a nickel a page (last check).
Burt Rutans Canard Pusher (C-P) newsletter is now available at www.ez.org for free
download.
Also, TERF can send you a CD-ROM (all issues of C-P through #83 in 1996) for $325.
Send check or money order to:
TERF
11411 Culver
Brighton, MI 48116
810-229-2082
They do take Visa or Mastercard. Besides you name and shipping address, they will
need the card number, the expiration date, and the name on the card.
Finally, talk to as many Long-EZ drivers that you can and take time to learn your own
airplane. Heres to safe flying.

From: Ann McMahon

Pro Pubs - Professional Publications Services, Inc.
1646 Belmont Avenue, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
WWW.PROPUBS.NET
225-346-0707
225-336-4043 (FAX)
propubs@la-net.net

5.0 Engines and Spark Plugs

Some cowlings are so close to the top of the engine, especially #1 cylinder, that you
need to be careful that the spark plug and wire dont rub. The popular Champion REM37BY is a bit shorter and may help create some extra clearance. If your plane has an
electronic ignition, the spark plugs have been specified by the developer.

5.0.1 Ignition Wire Replacement

"mike.plastic" <mike.plastic@bluecarrots.com>
Subject: Airworthiness Alert - Electroair Aircraft Plug Wires
This is one of those 'known problems'.
I fixed mine by recovering my old 90deg ignition harness bends and threading through,
with difficulty, some new 8mm (sorry about the metric units!) modern suppressed
ignition cable from the local 'go faster shop'.
Just for good measure I added a covering of braiding and shrink tubing to finish. Jeff
kindly supplied a set of small springs that push into the cable ends and make the
contact with the aircraft plugs (REM37BY) contacts. However you can make these up
from small spring stock e.g. ballpoint pen innards.
This way you end up with an aircraft standard plug connect and plugs,
shielded ignition and no more worries about those wires coming out!
(I spent a good time thinking about it before I came up with this simple fix.)
Mike Tooze
VE G-EMMY 22yrs
Rochester, England.

5.0.2 Exhaust System - Springs

Exhaust springs
Stainless Steel Springs for the Sanders type exhaust systems use the Yamaha steel
springs. The two-in-one out system uses a stub pipe on the cylinder with a slip joint
over the stub. I had no problem at the local Yamaha dealer. The springs are used mostly
on the dirt bike exhausts.

5.0.5 Electronic Ignition

Check Rose (Electroair) and Klaus Savier - both have good references from canard
group.
Jeff Rose Electronic Ignition (Note sold to: Mike Kobylik - see next entry.)
$800 (4 cylinders) Single Unit
$1,400 (4 cylinders) Double Unit
www.fly-gbi.com
(423) 622-8825
From: "Sam Chambers" <schamber@glasgow-ky.com>
Subject: Re: Electronic ignition - Update
Jeff Rose sold his electronic ignition business to Mike Kobylik, toll free 1-866-494-3002.
Mike has parts and systems and is very good to deal with.
Light Speed Engineering (Klaus Savier)
[Manufacturer of electronic ignition modules - $1,000 and up for 4 cylinders]
P.O. Box 549
Santa Paula, CA 93060
email: klaus@lightspeedengineering.com
http://www.lsecorp.com/

5.1 Engine Repair New Cylinder

When is oil consumption too high? Lycoming says:
The maximum allowable oil consumption limits for all Textron Lycoming aircraft
engines can be determined by using the following formula:
.006 X BHP X 4 / 7.4 = Qt/Hr.
(Consuming one quart every three hours is too much oil consumption for the O-235L2C!)

When a compression check of 30/80 or other inspection results in a need to overhaul or

buy a new cylinder, use the Internet to shop for prices. A new, Superior Millennium
cylinder may cost slightly more or even less than a re-built cylinder and give you a lot
more security and peace of mind. Shop for price. Aircraft Spruce charges $300 more for
a Millennium O-235-L2C cylinder than J&J Aircraft Parts (TX), Mattituck (NY), or Varga
Enterprises, Inc. (AZ). All three are Superior Millennium distributors and deliver UPS to
your door. In 2004, Varga charges $48 more than J&J Air Parts in Texas.
J&J Air Parts (Pleasantville, TX) - $1,100 plus $30 for exchange for rocker arms. This
was the only source that offers trade in on Rocker Arms. Check web site for 800
number. -MAH
Superior Air Parts and Labor inclusive Warranty (Manufacturer)
http://www.superior-air-parts.com/
Varga Enterprises, Inc. (Chandler, AZ) Distributor
http://www.vargaair.com/
800642-1572
One overhaul shop in OK quoted $200 more for a re-built cylinder than the cost of a
Superior Millennium new cylinder.

UPGRADE O-235-L2C vs. REBUILD

When considering a rebuild, check the following:
SUGGESTION - SEE TESTIMONIAL FOLLOWING E-MAIL SUGGESTION
Putting in high compression pistons, ceramic coatings the pistons/exhaust,
porting/balancing, Teflon coating parts, etc. When I was in the Venture Cup race, I
talked to a number of 0235 Long-EZes who were pushing 140+ hp from these engines
and were really "flying" out there (about 40-50 mph faster than I). The cost to upgrade
the engine was not that much above a rebuild, and considerably cheaper than the cost
of changing out to a O-320.
This is the site some of the racers told me about.
<http://lycon@lycon.com/>
Performance coatings

<http://www.performancecoatings.com/enginecoatings.html>
From: Paul Werner <ezepilot@pacbell.net>
VEZE N6112Q - Gnoss Field - Novato, CA
Subject: Re: Rebuilding O-235 Engine
Ly-con did a major overhaul on my O-200 for my VEZE with some of those mods and it
tested out on the dyno to 126 HP. The engine runs much smoother then before. After
one year and 130 hours I had a slightly burnt exhaust valve. I flew down to Ly-con and
took off the cowls. They bore scoped it and said yes this valve should not have burnt
like this. They removed the cylinder and repaired it like new and put it all back together
for free. I just inspected the work to see that all the baffles were on to my satisfaction
and I reinstalled the cowls and off I went. I guess you could say I am a happy customer.
I now have three hundred hours on the engine and it is perfect. It still runs smoothly and
I only add one quart of oil between my 25 hour oil changes.
What you should know about installing new cylinders
Break In - As the owner or pilot, you need to do a couple of things to assist the ring
seating.
First, you should use straight mineral oil during the initial break-in period, because it has
less lubricity than normal ash less dispersant oil and therefore provides increased
friction to aid in this seating.
Second, you should operate the engine at high manifold pressure during the initial
break-in period, in order to push the rings out against the walls as hard as possible to
aid in the seating.
Try to keep ground runs to an absolute minimum. This is most important with engines
that have not been run in a test cell, and will be run for the first time on the aircraft. All
factory new and factory-remanufactured engines will be run in the factory test cell for 30
minutes to 2 hours. Some large overhaul shops also give their newly overhauled
engines a test-cell run before shipment, but most shops don't. So be sure to ask if your
engine was run and for how long.
All ground running should be done with all cowlings and baffles in place. A decowled
engine receives very little cooling air. Running without the cowling can damage the new
cylinders.
Preparing for the first run
Fill the engine oil sump to rated capacity with straight mineral oil, preferably 40 weight.
We find 40 weight is better than 50 weight as the lighter oil will flow a little faster and

carry off heat a little better. Dissipating heat is a major concern during break-in. You
should use 50 weight oil if the ambient temperature will be above 80F. However, hot
weather isn't ideal for break-in.
Remove a spark plug from each cylinder, preferably a bottom plug. Hook the aircraft up
to an APU and crank the engine with the starter motor for a period of one minute. This
will allow the engine's oil pump to distribute some oil throughout the oil galleys of the
engine. If the engine is equipped with a turbocharger, remove the oil discharge line from
the turbo and make sure there is oil flowing out of the turbocharger.
If the aircraft is equipped with an electric boost pump use it to pressurize the fuel
system to look for leaks. Run the pump on "high" or "emergency" speed with full throttle
and mixture at idle cutoff.
First run (30 seconds to 1 minute)
Keep this run to minimum time necessary to complete task.
Start the engine and run at 1000 RPM or less for approximately 30 seconds to one
minute. Immediately after startup, make sure that oil pressure starts rising and goes to
the upper part of the green arc. If it stops in low green or lower, shutdown immediately
and determine source of problem.
Check that idle RPM is approximately correct (usually about 600 RPM at minimum
throttle), that both mags work, and that idle manifold pressure is in the vicinity of 12
inches (if the engine is equipped with a manifold pressure gauge). Check idle mixture at
shut down: as you slowly pull the mixture control, you should get a slight RPM rise
before the engine quits.
After shutdown, check for oil leaks and make adjustments to anything that is grossly in
error. Let the engine cool down completely.
Second run (1 to 2 minutes)
Keep this run to minimum time necessary to complete task.
Start engine and allow warming until oil temperature needle comes off of peg. Do
normal but brief run-up, checking mag drop. However, do not cycle the prop at all.
If the engine is equipped with an electric boost pump, make sure that it will boost
pressure, even to the point of starting to flood the engine. If the aircraft has a two-speed
boost pump controlled by a throttle switch, it may not be possible to get high boost at
idle throttle position, but even low boost should bring up the pressure a bit.
With the throttle pulled back to idle check for correct idle speed -- 600 RPM for most
engines but consult your manual in advance to be sure. Slowly pull the mixture out to

shut down the engine, there should be about a 25 to 50 RPM rise if the mixture is set
correctly. A greater rise indicates to rich an idle mixture, a lower rise or no rise at all
indicates to lean an idle mixture.
Shut down and check for leaks. Make any indicated adjustments. Let the engine cool
down completely.
First flight (30 minutes)
Pick a time when you will be able to taxi right to runway and take off. If necessary, make
prior arrangements with tower. Start engine, taxi out, do a normal run up but do not
cycle prop. If everything appears okay--oil pressure high in the green and oil
temperature off of peg--initiate takeoff on longest runway available.
On carbureted aircraft without an engine-driven fuel pump, watch for any indications of
mixture problems which may cause a rough-running engine. On aircraft with engine
driven fuel pumps (including all fuel injected engines), monitor fuel pressure or fuel flow
closely. If too high (way beyond red-line), reduce to red-line with mixture control. If too
low (two gallons-per-hour short of red-line or less), abort the takeoff and determine the
reason.
Closely monitor RPM. If it doesn't get within 100 RPM of red line and there is sufficient
runway available, abort the takeoff. There could be a problem here if the tach calibration
is off to the low side, which is where most mechanical tachs are. Some have suggested
doing a tach check on the second ground run with a digital tach checker such as the
Cardinal tach checker. However, I prefer to avoid getting RPM up in the 2000+ range
during the ground runs.
If the aircraft is equipped with a multiple probe EGT and you are is able to monitor EGT
in addition to the above-mentioned items, abort the takeoff if any single EGT exceeds
1500 degrees.
Also abort the takeoff if anything sounds, smells, or feels unusual, even if you can't quite
"put your finger on it." You should be "spring-loaded" to abort this takeoff, continuing
only if everything seems very close to "just right". This is a good rule for all takeoffs, but
especially the first takeoff on a new engine!
After takeoff, make a shallow climb and maintain the highest climb airspeed with which
you are comfortable. Once you get to a safe altitude, you should make your climb very
flat--around 200 to 300 feet-per minute. The goal is to keep as much cooling air flowing
over the engine as possible. Circle above airport for 30 minutes (to be on the safe side).
For a normally aspirated, do not get much above pattern altitude so that power output
remains high.
On fixed pitch propeller aircraft, keep the RPM at the top of the green. On controllable
pitch aircraft keep MP at the top of the green or higher and high RPM as well. If you

have cowl flaps, keep them wide open. Use maximum rated continuous power if that
can be done without over-temping the engine; otherwise, reduce power only to the
extent necessary to keep cylinder head temperature and oil temperature in the green.
Use full rich mixture to help keep CHTs down.
After 30 minutes make normal landing, carrying as much power as possible during
approach. Taxi as quickly as prudent to parking and shut down immediately.
Holding this first flight to 30 minutes over the airport just above pattern altitude is a
concession to safety. The first flight would be better extending for a couple of hours, but
I have been surprised too many times by problems to stay up very long or get very far
away from the airport.
Un-cowl and closely inspect the engine for any signs of problems, leaks, cracks, etc.
Pay close attention to those things that might have come loose such as clamps and
fittings. I have been amazed at how many things can get loosened up after the engine
starts providing some vibration. Make adjustments dictated by flight test results. Let cool
down completely.
Second flight (1 1/2 to 2 hours)
This is a fun one! Take off normally. Stay low and carry as much power as possible,
especially MP at very top of green or higher. Use rich mixture to keep CHTs in line.
Staying at low altitude is important if the engine is normally aspirated because this
allows for the greatest MP. We have seen problems with high altitude break-ins.
For me this flight is great fun because it means I get to whip up and down a gorgeous
section of the California coast at 500 AWL (above water level) with the airplane balls-tothe-wall, an expression, by the way, that originally came from having the ball ends on
the early throttles all the way forward towards the firewall.
After two hours, I return to the airport. If I find no problems and nothing that needs
adjustment, I turn the aircraft over to its owner. I instruct the owner to fly the airplane
"hard" for the next eight hours, keeping the MP as high as possible and (if normallyaspirated) avoiding any high-altitude flights, preferably staying below 5,000 feet.
Finishing the job
How can you tell when an engine is broken in? In the old days, it used to be when the
oil consumption stabilized, which is still a good indicator. With today's sophisticated
probe-per-cylinder engine analyzers I can often see individual cylinders seat. When the
CHT on any cylinder drops about 50 degrees in the space of a few minutes with no
change in engine operating conditions, that cylinder has seated. I almost always see
Cerrnicrome seat within an hour. Standard nitrided steel cylinders take three to four
hours, and channel chrome a couple hours more.

At five hours, change the oil and filter, or clean the screen. Refill the sump with fresh
mineral oil. At ten hours, drain the oil again, change the filter or clean the screen, and
refill with whatever ash less dispersant oil you are going to use. I recommend Aeroshell
100W unless operating circumstances dictate a multi-weight oil. Give the engine a
thorough going-over. Put a torque wrench on every exposed nut and bolt and check
torque. I am amazed at how many loose bolts we find. If anything is dramatically loose,
do whatever is necessary to check the bolts around the one with loose torque.
Some recommend continuing break-in procedure and oil for up to 25 hours. My
experience is that if the engine isn't broken in at 10 hours, it just isn't going to happen.
The only exception is channel chrome jugs, which may take slightly longer.
If the engine hasn't broken in after 10 hours, you either have to put up with the high oil
consumption, or pull the cylinders, break the glaze with a hone, check the rings for
damage and correct material (personally I would install new rings), reinstall the
cylinders, and start all over from scratch.
But if you do the right thing during those first critical 2 or 3 hours of break-in, you'll get
good ring seating and low oil consumption every time.
John Frank is the Executive Director of the Cessna Pilots Association. He's a 14,000hour ATP-rated pilot and an A&P mechanic with inspection authorization.

5.1.5 Over-Heating Cylinder (Al Hodges)

A year or two ago, my son convinced me to install the four CHT and four EGT digital
temperature instruments. It definitely has paid for itself.
Early summer of 2003, my number four cylinder on the Lycoming O-235-L2C started
overheating, both CHT and EGT, indicating a lean mixture. With careful mixture control
(richer) and faster speed (nose down in climb), the number four would remain below
450 degrees, the red line according to Lycoming.
Coming back from Mojave after the flights X-1 and X-2, I could not climb fast enough to
clear the 8,000 foot ridge just southeast of Palmdale without overheating. It was
annoying to have to fly around.
After checking for the usual stoppages, leaks, cracks in the tubing, and such, we
decided to follow the advice of San Diego guru, Chuck Bush. We pulled the manifold
intake tubing. As I tried to remove the rubber hose near the oil pan, I felt movement in
the swaged tube into the oil pan. We found the air leak! The movement was very slight.

We cleaned the surface around the tube and filled the area around the tube/oil pan joint
with silicon sealant. After two days of rest, a test flight showed it worked. Now, the
number three cylinder is the hottest at 315 degrees. Number four is now 294 CHT and
around 1000 degrees for the EGT.
I had forgotten how enjoyable flying is without having to constantly monitor and adjust
mixture and aircraft attitude for temperature control.

5.2 Oil Filters and Oil Cooling systems

Oil coolers are typically specified by the designer for the specific engines. But, many
builders use alternative engines that require them to find a suitable oil cooler. If your
plane has a larger-than-specified engine, you can bet that oil cooling was an issue to
resolve in the flight test period. Both the oil cooler capacity, the size of the connecting
hoses, and its placement within the engine cowling are factors in how well it works.
Stewart-Warner and Positech are typical cooler brands.
In an effort to mount the engines as far forward as possible for C.G. purposes, there
wasnt room for an oil filter in the standard position. Instead, an oil screen is used and
requires additional maintenance as prescribed by the engine manufacturer. Alternative
hook-ups have been developed to allow retrofitted installation of filters. Your plane may
have one of these. The components for the oil filter may have come from stock
airplane/engine combinations that normally use them, or from a small parts
manufacturer that saw a business opportunity. You may even see automotive-style
remote oil filter adapters installed, and they will also be of the remotely mounted variety.
B&C Specialty makes the adapter that fits on the engine, but turns the filter 90 degrees
for firewall clearance. Wolf and the other developers remotely mount the filter with
hoses attaching it to the engine. In any installation, use an aircraft approved filter.

5.2.1 Parts sources:

Website for ordering hardware.
Hi grade bolts source - www.mcmastercarr.com
(1) Cowling Attachment Screws (TORX)
http://www.fastenerwarehouse.com/barnhill/security-fasteners.html
They also sell stainless steel pan head screws with softer threads than the original RAF
specs.

(2) Micro Fasteners Inc. is the site for the 100 flat head Torx screws. They call them 6
Lobe Drive Stainless. They also sell stainless steel pan head screws with softer
threads than the original RAF specs.
http://www.microfasteners.com/catalog/standard.cfm?
Category=SSC&SubCategory=FCMXS
Dale Martin, ID
------ --Another recommended source for aircraft parts:
http://www.aeroaviation.com/
I found Aero Aviation (800) 362-3044 to be the lowest on prices, and very good to work
with. MetaSearch: 30 sources of Aircraft Parts in links.
------- --a. Oil Coolers:
Aero-Classics at Pacific Oil Coolers web page: www.oilcoolers.com
Wicks Aircraft
Aircraft Spruce and Specialty
Positech International, Inc.
Other cost comparison information (as of October, 2001):
Model
Number
Aero-Classic 8000075
Niagra
20002A
Positech
4211
Stewart8406R
Warner
Oil Cooler

$185
$270
$189

$/Heat
Transfer
320 BTU/min 0.578
310 BTU/min 0.844
210 BTU/min 0.900

$379

350 BTU/min 1.083

Cost

b. Filter adapters:
B&C Specialty, Newton, KS:
Air Wolf
Vernatherm Valve Operational Inspection

Heat Transfer

The Vernatherm is stamped with the operating temperature on the back (usually
specified as 85o C or 185o F). It will operate by expanding (lengthening) to close off the
hole in the engine and redirect the oil flow to the oil cooler. How far does it lengthen?
About 3/8". You can get it to expand using water, BUT use oil, which is more stable than
water for stove top heating. Also, use a thermometer to check the oil temperature. You
can use a simple basting thermometer (Cooking type with a pointy probe... Ask you
Wife!) Inspect the dome for wear and ALSO inspect the engine where the dome fits in.
Next inspect the crimp end nut to make sure it is secure. There is an AD against the
OLD model for an inspection. The New model has a roll pin through the crimp nut on the
end, ergo no AD.

5.3 David Orr List of Sources

"David Orr" <canardfinder@att.net>

SUPPLIERS & SERVICES

11/25/05
Long EZ Talented *Builder* Services: Cobb(CA) colcob.ecobb@verizon.net
<mailto:colcob.ecobb@verizon.net>
Roland Harris (CA) 805-828-0857 (Airframe and Power Plant FAA
Licensed), Tom Howard (CA) 661-294-1928(H); Larry Lombard(CA)
fthrlite@pacific.net <mailto:fthrlite@pacific.net>; Bill Oertel(CA)
ezeflight@earthlink.net <mailto:ezeflight@earthlink.net>; Rob Walty
619-384-2234(Cell) rwalty1@adelphia.net
<https://netmail.att.net/wmc/v/wm?cmd=ComposeTo&adr=rwalty1%40adelphia
%2Enet&sid=c0>;
David Haggard(KS) 316-524-0814; Robert & Val Harris(TN)
vharris509@aol.com <mailto:vharris509@aol.com>; Dennis Oelmann(IA)
flycozy@aol.com <mailto:flycozy@aol.com> Ron Verderame(CA)
_ezpilot@earthlink.net <mailto:ezpilot@earthlink.net>; _Tom
Coughlin(WI)
N743TC@aol.com <mailto:n743TC@aol.com> Jim Emons Chino Airport, Noe
Ramirez 818-389-6067(H) Whiteman Good finish and paint (Worked for
Klaus Savier) Fill and painter - not structures: 714-424-9117 10/00
4/02 ?, JUVINAL HUBIE 2605 Rosewood #A, Santa Ana?, CA Painter.
Broken
English; Wiring/Autopilot: Martin Caskey, Paso Robles,

805-296-9523(cell) mcaskey@charter.net <mailto:mcaskey@charter.net>

The Acro*belt* from Alan Silver silver@pia.com <mailto:silver@pia.com>
www.pia.com/silver <http://www.pia.com/silver>
(510) 785-7070
AERO ACCESSORIES 818-785-2821 Van Nuys fans, *generators*, mags.
AeroAviation Lyc Eng: 800-362-3044 (Ugolini likes them)
Aerobatic Club (1988) 1111 Chicago Ave., Oak Park, IL 60302-1899
& USAA *Insurance* 800-531-8883 (for Military & relatives)
AeroCad: Jeff Russell at 561-460-8020 Jraero@gte.net
<mailto:Jraero@gte.net>
AeroElectric Connection <http://www.aeroelectric.com/>
AEROFLASH Navstrobes 800-322-2052 WWW.aeroflash.com
<http://www.aeroflash.com/>
**AEROGRAPHICS:(*N numbers* for A/C) 800-336-9633
Aarons General Store http://www.aarons*machinescrews*.com
<http://www.aaronsmachinescrews.com/>
AIM CO Detectors 888-362-7123 (SAS-696D) $45.
Anywhere Map *moving map: *http://www.anywheremap.com/pages/ai.htm
**
AIRCRAFT CIRCUIT BREAKERS at:
http://www.ti.com/mc/docs/precprod/docs/acb.htm
AIR SAFETY: http://www.airsafety.com/
*AOPA* official place: http://www.aopa.org <http://www.aopa.org/>
calendar:
julie.walker@aopa.org <mailto:julie.walker@aopa.org>
AIRCRAFT *TOOLS http://www.aircraft-tool.com/eCatalog.htm__*
***AIRCRAFT SPRUCE*: West: 800-824-1930 East: 800-831-2949
www.aircraft-spruce.com <http://www.aircraft-spruce.com/>

info@aircraft-spruce.com <mailto:info@aircraft-spruce.com>
Airfoil Reference: http://amber.aae.uiuc.edu/~m-selig/
<http://amber.aae.uiuc.edu/%7Em-selig/>
Airnav 800-824-1930 http://www.airnav.com/ for cheap *fuel* stops.
Air *Inlet* vent doors & EZ Fenders Gene Zabler 414-886-5315
gzabler@execpc.com <mailto:gzabler@execpc.com>
AIRPLANE FACTORY, Box 24035, Dayton Oh 45424 513-849-6533
*Canopies*.
AIRPLANE PLASTICS CO. 8300 Dayton Rd., Fairborn (Dayton) OH 45324
513-864-5607 *canopies*, half price if ruin one w/in 3 years.
AIRWAYS 25%off charts: NOS, Jep,etc 800-247-8294 airways@ptd.net
<mailto:airways@ptd.net>
Alexander Aeroplane Co. POBox 909, Griffin GA 30224 1-800-831-2949
"*upholstry* kits".
Allied for *wheel bearings* 310-837-0752, 8962 Ellis Av. LA
**All Aircraft Parts Van Nuys Airport Many *Aircraft parts*-7612
Balboa Van Nuys 8-6 M-F, Sat 9-3 818-894-9115
AMP Aerospace multi-pin *connectors* 800-552-6752
Apex-*wire* supplier (surplus) 8909 San Fernando Rd, sun valley
818-767-7202
ARCHER, BOB, Sportcraft *Antennas* 21818 Ocean Av. Torrance, CA 90503
310-316-8796
Aubusson Fabrics 610-725-9973 Terry 12 colors leather *upholstery
*$6.50/yd FAA 8110-3 form ask for samples
Aviation *Magazines: *Avweb.com & Landings.com
Aviation Products Ojai 805-646-6042 Fuel caps, etc.
Aviation Warehouse 909/619-388-4215 Lake Mirage *wrecker*
AV-10 support: Peter Rummell 416-446-0126

*Ayton, Ian *naca vent* 2950 Old Calzada Ave., Santa Ynez CA 93460
805-686-4106(O) ayton&co@utech.net <mailto:ayton&co@utech.net>
Prop *Balancing *626-358-5768
Battery Mart 949-646-1696 Victoria U-1
*B & C Specialty Products 518 Sunnyside Court, Newton Kansas 67114
316-283-8662 *Alternators regulators starters *bcspec@southwind.net
<mailto:bcspec@southwind.net>
Bender, Mark, *Mexico* info: mabender@ix.netcom.com
<mailto:mabender@ix.netcom.com> & Oertel above
Berkut Engineering* 310-391-1943
Berlin, Ed *Electronics* 310-391-7620
Best Mfg Co; Nitrile strong *gloves* #7005 (S M L XL) 800-875-6854
Betts Fusion *Welding* 1635 Superior #5, Costa Mesa 642-3999
(Charlie) Glasair builder.
BJB Foam 14791 Franklin Tustin 714-734-8450 sells Urethane foam Near
Jamboree and Walnut south of 5. (Terry Magginis)
**Gone: *Braal digital *tachometers* 160 Eastman Lane, Petaluma, CA
94952 707-763-9377 **
Butters, Bill, Advanced A/C Electronics POBox 4111, Florissant, MO
63032 1-800-758-8632 Tuned A/C* Antennas*.
CLOSED: BROCK*: 714-898-4366 http://www.kenbrockmfg.com/varieze.htm
*Brown, Larry (*Antenna* Dynamics) 818-764-7544
Cablecraft *Cables* Tuthill Corp 253-475-1080 (South Carolina)
*Canadian* Paperwork:
http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/mainten/regs&docs/download.htm
<http://www.tc.gc.ca/aviation/mainten/regs&docs/download.htm>
*Canard.Com *www.canard.com <http://www.canard.com/> **

*Catalina* Airport Info 310-510-0143

Cablecraft Div, Tuthill Corp. 206-475-1080 for engine* controls*.
*Canard Finders: *canardfinder@att.net <mailto:canardfinder@att.net>
David Orr.**
Canard Pushers: http://www.canard.com/cp/
*CATTO* *Props:*209-754-3553 craig@cattoprops.com
<mailto:craig@cattoprops.com> cattoprops@cdepot.net
<mailto:cattoprops@cdepot.net> temporary e-mail
http://www.cattoprops.com <http://www.cattoprops.com/>
CCI POBox 607, Plainfield, NJ 07061-2318 selling molded *Vortex *
* Generators *for $25, plus $2 postage and handling.
CSA * Central States $25/yr*: Check payable to Terry Schubert 9283 Lindburg Blvd.,
Olmsted Falls, Ohio 44138-2407 216-826-3055 jschuber@juno.com
<mailto:jschuber@juno.com>
Century *Spring *Corp. (1-800-237-5225)
*Chat Group: *www.canard.com <http://www.canard.com/>
canards@tnstaafl.net <mailto:canards@tnstaafl.net> **
Chief Aircraft Parts 800-447-3408 http://www.chiefaircraft.com
<http://www.chiefaircraft.com/>
Chuck's, 670 Airport Rd, San Carlos CA 94070, *engine rebuild* shop:
415-593-8403.
**Cleveland *Brake*: 800-272-5464 (see *VARGA Enter. as source for
larger brakes from Cleveland.) (Grove Brakes preferred)
Cobb video on Condition inspections colcob@syv.com
<mailto:colcob@syv.com> 805-688-0675
**Communications* Specialists 426 W. Taft, Orange CA 92667, Mike
Beverage, 714-998-3021
Composites website: http://www.wwcomposites.com
<http://www.wwcomposites.com/>

Copper State *Bolt and Nut Co*. Class 9 bolts for about $2.00 each tel:
520-882-0611
Corona *Cylinder *Jim, Laurie or John 909-736-6452
*Cozy Builders *Web http://cozy.canard.com/mail_list/
*Co-Z Devlopment Corp.* www.cozyaircraft.com
<http://www.cozyaircraft.com/>
Cozy front *brake pedals* by Dennis Oelmann 319-234-6109
flycozy@aol.com <mailto:flycozy@aol.com>.
Cressline, 1444 N. Mayfar, Milwaukee, MN 53226 414-257-1923 1/5
Scale models of Long EZ
Custom Aircraft Supply, 1318 Gertrude St., San Diego, CA 92110 619561-5757 4 pipe *exhaust *(I like Hal Hunt Dave Lind likes)
Custom Cabin *Covers* PO Box 770361, Ocala FL 34477-0361
904-237-1811 - $99 (Tony Brazier) Aircraft Covers of Evolution 3 material.
Dankmyer, Bruce Bdankmyerhewitt@aol.com
<mailto:Bdankmyerhewitt@aol.com>
714-891-9300
http://www.hewittindustries.com <http://www.hewittindustries.com/>
*CHT& EGT mfg.*
Dallas Av, Tefzel *wire*, shrink tube, crimp terminals,
800-523-5949
Deerings for* hoses: *Cherry Ave LB 562-595-1668**
*Defiant* Club: John Steichen (IL) 630-985-6671(H) n27ez@aol.com
<mailto:n27ez@aol.com>
Dickey, Shirlan & Dorothy (AZ) 520-685-3148(H)
dorothy.dickey@honeywell.com <mailto:dorothy.dickey@honeywell.com>
mreracer@primenet.com <mailto:mreracer@primenet.com> *covers*
Dillsburg Aeroplane*, *PA Charlie Vogelsong* tubing *717-432-4589

DPS *Instruments* now DMA Instrmts Tach and Fuel Monitor 713-379-5430
Dreamhomes: "AirportHomes" info@airporthomes.com
<mailto:info@airporthomes.com>
*Dremel* Co: P.O. Box 1468, Racine WI 53401 repair: 4631 Sunny Dunes,
Palm Springs, CA 92264 (619-327-3003)
*Dri-wash* 'n Guard 1-800-820-6893 waterless carwash P/N 132525 32oz
bottle $37.
DYNAMIC WING CO, SHAW, ALAN 110 Margarite Rd., S. Melbourne
Beach, FL 32951 building *EZ wings *for Velocity. www.wingco.com
<http://www.wingco.com/>
Earl's Performance Products 310-609-1602, *oil coolers*, lines, etc.
EAA ***EAA*, 414-426-4800 www.fly-in.org <http://www.fly%1Ein.org/>
Yeagles@eaa.org <mailto:Yeagles@eaa.org>
Scholarships: http://www.eaa.org/education/scholarships
*EFIS *SELLERS, CRAIG http://www.pcflightsystems.com
<http://www.pcflightsystems.com/> on *Artificial *
* Horizon;* *Moving Map* http://www.anywheremap.com/cv/; The Ram
Company *IPAQ mount* - http://www.ram-mount.com
<http://www.ram-mount.com/>/ Electronic *Ignition*: Klaus Savier (CA)
805-933-3299 LSE@WEST.NET <mailto:LSE@WEST.NET>
Jeff Rose electroair@juno.com <mailto:electroair@juno.com>
Electric Switches, Tehachapi, CA 661-823-7131 eaton* microswitch*
http://www.electricswitches.com <http://www.electricswitches.com/>
Electric Trim: Alex Strong 760-254-3692 astrong@mscomm.com
<mailto:astrong@mscomm.com> http://strongpitchtrim.com
Elkinds Canopy *Covers* 310-644-9090 Signfun@aol.com
<mailto:Signfun@aol.com> $180.
Stet Elliott 505-899-2941 stetsone@aol.com <mailto:stetsone@aol.com>
Plans *Updater* CP Disks
*ELLISON *throttle body* Ben(WA) 206-271-3220 gooeyduck@aol.com

<mailto:gooeyduck@aol.com>
ELSHIRE, MARTIN (MT) 406-259- 5006(O) 406-252-4369(fax)
melshire@imt.net <mailto:melshire@imt.net> Experimental Aircraft*
Instrument Panels*
EM aviation, www.riteangle.com <http://www.riteangle.com/>* Angle of
Attack Systems*
Engine Alert: Rick Lewis 423-376-1450(H) & selling altitude hold
*FAA* LONG BEACH GADO Cathy Van Assche 562-420-1755 Ex 140
FAAform:http://www.aea200.ea.faa.gov/ea01/airworthiness/forms.htm
Fackler, James jfackler@earthlink.net <mailto:jfackler@earthlink.net>
626-358-7568
Factory Engines: try http://www.factoryengines.com
<http://www.factoryengines.com/>
*Fastenal* Co. Sells 8-32 *Allen head screws* to replace 8-32
Phillips head screws see: http://www.fastenal.com/v3/default.asp
also McMasters Carr also: JOE FINDER210@aol.com
<mailto:FINDER210@aol.com> order any 100'
degree stainless in lots of 100 ordervia FAX ONLY 909-549-1615
*FAA* Designee/EAA Tech Counselor: 714-892-9451(H),
310-593-5725(O)
FAA homebuilt safety electronic *bulletin bd* 1-800-426-3841(modem)
Latest *FARs* <Faa.gov/avr/afshome.htm>
*Featherlite 707-895-2718 fthrlite@pacific.net
<mailto:fthrlite@pacific.net> RAF approved
fiberglass *parts* & *props*.
*Finishing*: Ross Brieglib, El Mirage 619-388-4241 (Sailplane
work).
Flyingembroidery: http://www.flyingmachineembroidery.com

<http://www.flyingmachineembroidery.com/>/ *Franklin* Engine, Pat

Goodman c/o Atlas Motors
Freeman 26 Mongomery Dr., Griffin, GA 800-635-5631 *bolts* supplier
Fuel: http://www.airnav.com/fuel/
http://www.100dollarhamburger.com/100ll.html
*Fuel Sight Guages*: Vance Atkinson 817-354-8064(H)
nostromo56@attbi.com <mailto:nostromo56@home.com>
See:http://home.comcast.net/~nostromo56/index.html
<http://home.comcast.net/%7Enostromo56/index.html> **
*Fuses* Unlimited, DeSoto at 118
*Garmin* Av. Market Mgr: Tim Casey 913-397-8200, 8282(fax)
GM *Fuses*: Mike of Bedford Electronics, Addison Ill. 312-865-2400
Genuine Aircraft* Hardware*. http://www.gen-aircraft-hardware.com
<http://www.gen-aircraft-hardware.com/>
Jerry Gray, Falholt Div. 330-434-9163 will teflon coat carb parts
Great American Sound 2PS *intercom*, handles portable CD player. 707459-5700 $130 to $180
Greenball Corp. 2525 El Presidio St. Long Beach, CA 90810 310/669-2626
Chin Cheng *Tires*
Grofe, Ferde "von grof" Rutan video series *Videotapes*: 360-898-4896 for $39.00
818-822-2833 11/02 (Noe) GILLERMO does a/c interiors Upholstry CA
Martin Hadley A/C (Electrical) Services 407-952-0254(O & Fax) FL
Gary Halls *teflon hinge kit*:
http://www2.netcom.com/~garyhall/HINGEKIT.html
<http://www2.netcom.com/%7Egaryhall/HINGEKIT.html>
GS LED *Strobes*: www.gs-air.com <http://www.gs-air.com/>
Jim Ham sells GPS-to-*wing leveler* adapter. jimham@porcine.com

<mailto:jimham@porcine.com>
Harbor Freight: nitrile *gloves *http://www.harborfreight.com/ box of 100 is $9.99
(except for x-large...$11.99). last sale $4.99.
Hasco *Oil*, Long Beach for bulk oil, Don Walls & Mike Land
310-595-8491 use EAA membership.
Hastings *Plastic*-Broadway in Santa Monica 310-829-3449 m-f
8-5:30
*Headsets* Inc Amarillo, TX, 806 358 6336. www.//headsetsinc.com
<http://www.//headsetsinc.com>
The *Heat* Solution" Clothing inserts for warmth.
http://www.physics.umd.edu/deptinfo/facilities/lecdem/i4-34.htm
Hendrickson-Rowbear Custom Wood *Propellers*, 815-334-1477(O) 815334-1478(fax) rowbear@mc.net <mailto:rowbear@mc.net>
Hertzler Propeller Home 480-897-8167; Cell 480-229-5195 hertzler@yahoo.com
Jerry Hansen (KSEE) recommends the two blades as smoother than three blades
High Adventure Race Fabricators: 307-473-1108 Good Tig Welded
*engine mount* $400 per Bruce Vinnola
Highland Hardware 800-241-6748 (Dustfoe 66 industrial *mask* $25)
Hilliard, David 214-358- or 368-2377 sells *Turbochargers* and
*"Pressure Carbs"* per: 817-421-5447(H) Ray Wall
Most asked questions about *Homebuilts:*
http://www.provide.net/~pratt/ambuilt/faqhmblt.htm
<http://www.provide.net/%7Epratt/ambuilt/faqhmblt.htm>
Home Builder prog:http://users.clover.net/laser/planpics.htm
Hooker *Harness* http://www.hookerharness.com
<http://www.hookerharness.com/> 815-233-5478
Howard Francis, 480-820-0405 Rebuilt IFR instruments, - guaranteed.
Hubie (Juvinal 714-424-9117 10/00 10/02) 2605 Rosewood #A, Santa Ana, CA
Painter.

Hunt, Hal, *Carb box, *4 piece *exhaust* 818-989-5534

Hal9@pacbell.net
<mailto:Hal9@pacbell.net>
www.EzPipes.com <http://www.EzPipes.com>
Hunter, Gary 281-433-8478 gluegaru@earthlink.net
<mailto:gluegaru@earthlink.net> Selling
*oversized baggage pods *
Ideal *Metals* Culver City 310-397-2153 more expensive than IMS
IFR *Avionics*: 818-782-4810 Van Nuys (Vista seems cheaper)
(IMS) Industrial *Metal* Supply Co. 3303 N. San Fernando R. Burbank
818-849-3184 _and_ 2052 Alton Av., Irvine 714-250-3343
Industrial Tire, of Riverside for Racing Slicks for Go Carts 400 x 5.0
*Instructor* in EZ: Lynn Burks 909-860-5451(H) rclen@fam.net
<mailto:rclen@fam.net>; &
Gulshin Gilbert, SMO. 1-800-901-0676 David Hummer 310-216-9743(O)
dhummer@msn.com <mailto:dhummer@msn.com>
Interstate Wire M22759 in colors Steve 800-527-0010 ext568 .16/ft
Ivo*Prop* 562-602-1459 (Beware)
James, Sam Hertzler designed *wheel* *pants* $200 from 863-875-4493 or
863-885-1199
Kirk Kuhlman *Electronic Ignition* for $385 + $85 knock sensor.408436-6752(O)408-436-7955(fax) kurt.kuhlmann@microchip.com
<mailto:kurt.kuhlmann@microchip.com>
Bill Klebs *T-Shirts:* http://www.canard.com/flyin99/
Klingspor *Sanding* 800-228-0000 (good sandpaper)
The small button thermal switches by *Klixon.* at:
http://www.ti.com/mc/docs/precprod/docs/thermo.htm

Landing Light Kit: www.creativair.com <http://www.creativair.com/> Bill

VonDane
RV-8A www.vondane.com <http://www.vondane.com/> www.epanelbuilder.com
<http://www.epanelbuilder.com/>
Leading Edge *Graphics *Nichole Wise ldngedge-92@ionet.net
<mailto:ldngedge-92@ionet.net>
Leading Edge lights: 541-317-1415 http://www.leadingedgeaircraft.com/airlite1.html
Lehner/Martin Inc. 2600 Fairview, Santa Ana 92704 714-557-1130
*Oxygen *refilling
Chris Lodge UK Props +44(0)1245 440317
*Lycoming* Factory Reps: 717-327-7094,96 (no longer in LA, see
alsoWestern Cyl Overhaul) try: www.lycoming.textron.com
<http://www.lycoming.textron.com/>
For bulletins: http://www.prime-mover.org/Aviation/Manuf.html
*Ly-Con *8231 W. Doe Ave., Visalia, CA 93291 lyc0n@lycon.com
<mailto:lyc0n@lycon.com> http://lycon.com <http://lycon.com/> Engine
rebuilder
Another Lycon is also in Phoenix on FFZ said to be good also
*Mag*time: Pat O'Brien begins again in Mariposa after June 25th. Phone
209-966-7992(H) Ship address:5677 Valley View Rd.,
Mariposa, CA 95338 MoneyAddress: POBox 176, Mariposa, etc.
Marvel Schuebler *Carbs*(FACET) Airmotive Carbs, Burbank
818-849-4704
Matco *Brakes* Phil Mattingly - designer 801-486-7574 Model:
W51LT requiring BRL-6 brake pad kit.
McMaster-Carr *Hinge pin tubing* and materials: 908-329-3200
Morris, Dave 626-330-1320 626-893-3097(cell) canopy plexiglass work.
Motion Indust. Oxnard, CA 805-487-4877 warner-electric *linear * actuators*
[belly brake]; torrington and skf aileron torque-tube *bearings*; don't mention aircraft.

Mountain High *Oxygen: Rick Lee *801-571-4834 _riclee@earthlink.net

<mailto:riclee@earthlink.net>_ **
*Navaid Devices* Autopilots 423-267-3311 Chattanooga, TN
423-756-6154(fax) info@navaid-devices.com
<mailto:info@navaid-devices.com>
New Aviation, Inc. 512-496-1527(cell) 512-837-7753(fax) 512-8370593(O) michalk@awpi.com <mailto:michalk@awpi.com> or
http://www.awpi.com/michalk &
franklin@awpi.com <mailto:franklin@awpi.com> *FRANKLIN* Engines
*Notams* by BLM: http://airspace.blm.gov/mapping/blm/about.cfm
Oertel Electric *Nose Gear*: 909-738-8300(H)
ezeflight@earthlink.net <mailto:ezeflight@earthlink.net>
Oil Supplier: www.airsuppliers.com <http://www.airsuppliers.com/>
OLSEN, GORDON 805-824-4791 80% at 702-270-9009 slow *Canopies*.
One Stop Aviation: 760-721-1389(O) 1119 So. Cleveland St.,
Oceanside, CA 92054 760-721-1399(Fax)(Rick) Santa Ana. Engines
asnover495@aol.com <mailto:asnover495@aol.com> */Engines/*
Oregon Aero *Headset* accessories 800-888-6910
*Gone:*Pacific *Alternator*: just W of 405 on Euclid 714-964-9696
Try Hub Auto,
Victoria/Harbor 949-646-2464
Pacific Continental 818-781-4947, Armenta St Van Nuys 91406*
engines*
*Paint Booth*? Compton Airport Tom Rutherford 714-985-3085 $150, $50
cleaning/reservation deposit. Paint Hours strictly limited to 8am to 6pm,
may leave paint to cure overnight, air compressor.
Peltor Aviation headsets http://www.peltoraviation.com
<http://www.peltoraviation.com/>/ dealers:

http://www.peltoraviation.com/html/buy.htm
Performance *Props*, POBox 486, Patagonia AZ 85624 520-394-2059
Permagrit sanding bars- do not wear out c/o Alan Staats, 310391-1943(O) 310-391-8645(Fax) www.berkut.com <http://www.berkut.com/>
berkut@primenet.com <mailto:berkut@primenet.com>
*Porcine* Associates 650-326-2669 Jim Ham 244 O'Connor St. Menlo Park,
CA 94025 $600 (incl. $100 shipping) Sells cards for Navaid autopilot to
connect to GPS.
PowerSonic PS12330 Battery 415-364-5001 www.powersonic.com
<http://www.powersonic.com/> 33 a.h. recombinant gas battery 28 lbs, $70
Charger $50.
Homebuilt Aircraft Site by Jim Pratt and *Advisory Circulars *for
Homebuilts. <Provide.net/~pratt/ambuilt/pubs.htm>
PRC, Craig Spencer,*Urethane tank liner*-seems reluctant,
818-240-2060 http://www.prc-desoto.com
<http://www.prc-desoto.com/>/
aerospace sealants and adhesives see also Stirling Rep.
Quality Aircraft *Salvage*, Don Huntington (LEZ Builder) Groveland, FL,
352-429-9016(H & O?) 352-429-3004(fax) a/c parts
Quartermaster Supp. http://www.qm-supply.com/index.html NEW *nomex *
* flight suit* $25. Larger sizes to $45. Derek Akers
Ram mounts: www.ram-mount.com/gps/ramgps.htm
<http://www.ram-mount.com/gps/ramgps.htm> for GPS
Ramirez, Noe 818-364-7526(H) 10/02 Good finish and paint
RC Long-EZ: 6.2 ft/74.4 wing, 0.9 engine $10. rclong_ez@yahoo.com
<mailto:rclong_ez@yahoo.com>
REAL *Gasket* Corp. Doug Price POBox 1366, Laurel, MS 39441-1366
1-800-635-REAL or 601-649-0702.
*Restaurants: *http://www.100dollarhamberger.com/burger.html**
Rhodes, Dusty-*Vista Aviation* (Whiteman Airport) 12653 Osborne, Pacoima
818-896-6442 avionics generally (owned EZE). *Rotary Engine*

group: rotaryeng@earthlink.net <mailto:rotaryeng@earthlink.net> &

http://www.members.home.net/flyrotary/
<http://www.members.home.net/flyrotary/> **
Rick Girard fly.ez@verizon.net <mailto:fly.ez@verizon.net> CP 103
compliant *Rod end inserts*
Robin Aircraft *fuel caps* RobinVoice@yahoo.co.uk
<mailto:RobinVoice@yahoo.co.uk> Also in A/C Spruce #05-01006**
RST *Antennas* 16214 Jacks Rd., Nevada City, CA 95959
916-227-2203(O)
916-478-0641(O) for antennas http://www.cyberhanger.org
<http://www.cyberhanger.org/>
Rudder Pedals for CZ: Dennis Oelmann 319-234-6109 flycozy@aol.com
<mailto:flycozy@aol.com>
RUSSELL, JEFF Rt2, Box 453C, Yadkinville, NC 27055 919-961-2238
AEROCAD pre-fab *Cozy*-like partsJraero@gte.net
<mailto:Jraero@gte.net>
*RUTAN* AIRCRAFT FACTORY 1654 Flight Line, Mojave, CA 93501:
805-824-2645 (Tue only) RAF@hughes.net <mailto:RAF@hughes.net>
Sam Tilleman *Saber* Manufacturing 817-326-6293 Saber@itexas.net
<mailto:Saber@itexas.net>
http://www.sabermfg.com <http://www.sabermfg.com/>/ see also Savier.
*Prop Exensions*
*Santa Monica* Air Center 310-390-9071
San-Val 818-786-8274, 818-780-8959 *A/C radios*.
Scaled Composites 805-824-4541go4scaled@aol.com
<mailto:go4scaled@aol.com>
Hans Georg Schmidts Long range* adventures *www.aeroexplorer.biz
<http://www.aeroexplorer.biz/>
Seal's 2131 Placentia Ave.Costa Mesa 714-646-2435 *Oxygen*

Sealall: Eclectic http://eclecticproducts.com/sealall/home.asp

Sensenich *Props*:
http://www.sensenichprop.com/direct/document/usencare.htm
Sheepskin *seats* (D.Orr - not related) c/o 805-682-3900
T-Shirts: Bill Walsh 407-695-3543 nogofsu@sprintmail.com
<mailto:nogofsu@sprintmail.com> COZYs
Shivers Flying Service, Vernon TX 800-433-0963 *Salvage parts*
**Sigtronics 909-305-9399 *intercoms *info@sigtronics.com
<mailto:info@sigtronics.com>
sales@sigtronics.com <mailto:sales@sigtronics.com> tech@sigtronics.com
<mailto:tech@sigtronics.com>
Mil Spec *Wire & Electronics http://www.skycraftsurplus.com
<http://skycraftsurplus.com/> *
**Slick *Mags*: John Herman, 815-965-7704 & Harry Fenton
815-965-4700 - ext 161 or harry@unisonindustries.com
<mailto:harry@unisonindustries.com> see also MAG TIME
Consider over sized version in the Harmon Rocket *canopy* that is 2 inches
wider and about 1 inch taller.
*Small Parts*, Inc. in Miami Lakes, FL. http://www.smallparts.com
<http://www.smallparts.com/>
or parts@smallparts.com <mailto:parts@smallparts.com>
Southwest Aviation *Insurance* (Mark Nichols) 800-324-6787
**Sparkplugs*: Aircraft Spark Plug Service, Inc 7354 Valjean Ave, Van
Nuys 91406 213(818?) 787-5680 Cross-reference chart:
http://www.autodigest.com/lookupf/sprkplgx/sparkex.html
*Sportys *www.sportys.com <http://www.sportys.com/>
Stewart's *Instruments*: Dragonfly specialist - 520-778-6988(O)
520-945-3781 siinc@gwi.net <mailto:%7Bsiinc@gwi.net>
*Sticky Stuff* Epoxy Dispenser: Michaels Engineering: 517-772-4073

http://www.michaelengineering.com/index.html
**Stirling *Paint* Dealer: Detco (Order 714-631-8480, Pickup 714-6318480 NE of Bolsa Offramp on 405 fwy)
Don *Stratman* Inspection for $150.00; Stratman Aero Service, 101
Hartley Pl, Santa Barbara Airpt, Goleta, CA 93117 805-967-8096.
Miniature neon http://www.streetglow.com/site/auto7.htm
SUNRISE: http://riemann.usno.navy.mil/aa/data/docs/RS_OneDay.html
For good prices on cylinders by Superior Air Parts, Inc.
Superior Air Parts, Inc *Cylinders:* J&J AIR PARTS INC. 430 NORTH
BRYANT, PLEASANTON, TX 78064 803-569-3892 jjairpa@connecti.com
<mailto:jjairpa@connecti.com>, ask for James**
Buzz Talbot *videotapes* of Rutan speeches 630-759-1124
http://home.aol.com/buzz112 & buzz112@aol.com <mailto:buzz112@aol.com>
Ted's *Props* Ted Hendrix or Prop Manufacturer 600 Superior St.,
Concrete, WA 98237 206-853-8947
Texair *parts*: http://www.texair.com <http://www.texair.com/>
*Heater* Theeringer 805-964-5454 & Curt Smith's Nose *Gear*
*Ratchet*. W8PEY@ARRL.NET <mailto:W8PEY@ARRL.NET> **
*Teflon Hinge Pins *Gary Hall954-979-9494 gary.hall@uslan.com
<mailto:gary.hall@uslan.com>
Thompson PBE Paint & Supply,
TerminalTown: http://www.terminaltown.com/Pages/Page7.html
Tims Aircraft Engines Hawaiian Gardens, 562-402-9301 Tim Maher
*Tires*: *DRESSER Tire & Rubber, 6208 S Alameda, POBox01736 LA90001
another source in Long Beach Joe at 213-636-2364 VEZ:3.4 x 300 x 5
slicks from Rand Robinson 714-898-3811
*Tires* Wilkerson Retreads - 10 ply (2006) $46 Premium/$38 McClery
*Todd*'s Canopies 954-579-0874 Bsilver05@aol.com
<mailto:Bsilver05@aol.com> canopies for the Berkut, EZ's, Cozy

www.toddscanopies.com <http://www.toddscanopies.com>
Threads for the South(GA) 770-425-3787 *Grade 8 bolts *
*Torx Head Screws: *www.microfasteners.com
<http://www.microfasteners.com/>
*Trio Aviation *light weight and intelligent autopilot Chuck Busch
619-588-6077(H) ezflyr82@cox.net <mailto:ezflyr82@cox.net> Sid Tolchin
619-462-3715(H) sidtolchin@4dcomm.com <mailto:sidtolchin@4dcomm.com>
Gerald Hansen 619-440-5539(H) jerry-hansen@cox.net
<mailto:jerry-hansen@cox.net>
*Tube* sales: 2211 Tubeway, City of Commerce 213-728-9101(Ted)
Unison Mags: Harry@unisonindustries.com
<mailto:Harry@unisonindustries.com>
**Upholstry* for LEZ: Chris Wade 310-306-7850(H) N79995@aol.com
<mailto:N79995@aol.com>
UMA *Tachometers* 800-842-5578 $60-300
*Vans Aircraft: *www.vansaircraft.com
<http://www.vansaircraft.com>**
**Varga* Enterprises (no Cal tax) 2350 S. Airport Blvd. Chandler AZ
480-963-6936 no longer has Clevelands.
*Velocity *Aircraft www.velocityaircraft.com
<http://www.velocityaircraft.com/>
*Velocity Site: *exp@aircraft.com <mailto:exp@aircraft.com> **
Computer Virus alerts: http://www.kumite.com/myth/
***Wag-Aero* Inc. Box 181 1216 Norta Rd Lyons, WI 53148
www.wagaero.com <http://www.wagaero.com/>
Warnke, Margie *Propellers*, 3906 West Ina Road #200-193
Tucson, AZ 85741, 520-884-8132
*Weather*: 1-800-992-7433 INTERNET for flight planning:
http://www.airbase1.com/locairid.htm For Translation:

www.monkeyplan.com <http://www.monkeyplan.com/>
But see this for SoCal: http://www.m20j.com:8000/wx.html
*Welding*-Charles Pettit 7008 Summit Valley Rd. Hesperia 92345 also
Gordon Duff: 310-272-3181 (Ronneberg and Hunt, Gene's & Betts)
Weld Tech Aero 1925 Terminal Dr. Richland, WA 99352-4924 509-9463269 EZ dynafocal engine mounts for $375
*West System*: Direct: *Gougeon Bros. 517-684-6881
http://www.westsytem.com <http://www.westsytem.com/>
Western Cylinder O'Haul (Don Lewis) 15942 Armenta St. Van Nuys 914
818-786-7772 *engines*
Whelen Engineering (discount price) *Strobes* 860-526-9504(O) (Fred
Frazier) www.whelen.com <http://www.whelen.com/>
***WICKS* 1-800-221-9425 (orders only)
618-654-7447(questions)
www.wicksaircraft.com <http://www.wicksaircraft.com/>
Widder electrically *heated socks* www.widder.com
<http://www.widder.com/> &
www.motorsports-network.com/ProdTest/electric/widder.htm
<http://www.motorsports-network.com/ProdTest/electric/widder.htm>
Wilco,Inc. 3502 W. Harris St, Wichita KAN.316-943-9379 decommissioned
factory A/C
Wilhelmson Jack *water tight fuel caps* & *Nose Gear machined parts*
834-884-5061 wilhelms@www.scra.org <mailto:wilhelms@www.scra.org>
Wittich, Garey Basic and Advanced Instruction 310-392-1682
isawitt@aol.com <mailto:isawitt@aol.com> Santa Monica
Catalogues & *Brochures call me for any 949-248-5725 - Beagle.
But there are so many more information sources to add, not just suppliers.
Please inform editor when sources are out of date.

6.0 Propellers
This section contains excellent advice to increase safety and proper installation and
care of wooden and composite propellers.
For example, Gary Hertzler advizes:
Prior to mounting your prop, lubricate the threads in the drive lugs with a very small
amount of lightweight oil (lubricant is applied in this manner and not to the threads
of the bolt). This will prevent the threads from damage during the torquing process
and also provide a more consistent clamp load.
You will see a lot of variations from prop-to-prop. The propellers used on most of the
canards are fixed-pitch and made of wood or a combination wood/fiberglass.
Notice there are almost no canard pusher planes with metal props, because of unknown
metal fatigue issues. Some Velocities and Cozys have variable pitch propellers, and
some highly customized performance machines will employ carbon fiber material. Most
props are produced by very small companies maybe one person and require
technical skills to design and artful work to fabricate. Look at a new Hertzler prop and
admire a work of art that also flies well.
For the Rutan aircraft, Burt dictated wood, as it was the lightest and most tolerant of the
unknown structural forces encountered at the rear of the experimental aircraft.
Propeller damage is usually caused by something in front of the propeller finding its way
through the prop arc while its turning. Runway stones are picked up and damage the
painted surfaces.
[Most canard drivers leave the air-brake down while taxiing to reduce the danger of the
front wheel throwing up rocks.] Errant cowling screws are a favorite to leave a gouge.
Fuel caps, broken exhaust pipes, a few valve pieces have been known to break a blade,
sometimes withcatastrophic results. Longitudinal splitting may be caused by some of
the above items, but blade flutter and ground handling accidents can do it too.
Your task is to know the materials of your propeller and to take care of it appropriately.
Small dings and scratches through the finish need to be repaired immediately.
Otherwise, oil, fungi, and other contaminants will infiltrate the structure to discolor and
weaken it. Inspect the blades for longitudinal splits and gouges before every flight.
Some splits can be repaired. Some cant. If you find one, ask someone knowledgeable
about an acceptable repair technique.
NOTE: Clear finish urethane paint is an acceptable repair material for scratches. A
mixture of cotton flox and epoxy resin is suitable for filling repairable small gouges.

Repairable splits possibly can be repaired with epoxy resin. Two part epoxy is an
acceptable repair material for gouges, according to Bruce Tifft.
In your Operators manual and/or the prop manufacturers information, you will find a
requirement to re-torque the prop bolts periodically. Seasonal humidity variations where
the plane is based, altitude/humidity influences, and trips to varying climates, cause
wood to shrink and swell.
Perform this maintenance item religiously.
At the time of the annual condition inspection, remove the propeller. Check the finish
around the hub for discoloration, charred areas, crushed wood, and material migration.
This will indicate how well the prop bolts were torqued. Refinish if necessary before reinstalling.
Rain erosion is another issue with wood propellers. Many props have leading edge
protection to protect the wood. Some may not have anything but the painted finish. So,
if you fly in rain, reduce the engine RPM to reduce the damage to the prop leading
edges.
[During my personal Sucker Hole, at approximately 1,000 RPM, rain and hail did not
affect the wood, but did erode and pit the plastic protector on the five or six inches
nearest the tip. Low RPM is a must! - MAH]
Note: Measure across any set of opposed holes in the prop flange center to center. If it's
4 3/8", it's SAE 1. If it measures 4 3/4" it's SAE 2.

6.1 Propeller Manufacturers

Prop manufacturers can usually be identified by the shape and materials of their
propellers. Only a few have the manufacturers name on them. Here are some:
Great American, company no longer in operation (typically, 16 to 32-ply wood laminate,
clear finish) Mostly found on Long-EZs and VariEzes.
Catto Propellers, (two and three-blade wood core with fiberglass outer layers, painted)
Performance Propellers, (two and three-blade wood laminate, clear finish)
Culver Propellers
Gary Hertzler, Mesa, AZ, mailto:hertzler@yahoo.com (composite over wood and
painted with auto paint, eg. Totota White.)

Craig Catto, Mokelumne, CA 209-754-3553, http://www.cattoprops.com

Performance Props, 602-394-2059
Ted's Props, Ted Hendrix, now out of business (business bought by Robear in Chicago
area, but different style and nothing like Ted's Props.
Warnke Props, 602-682-2550
B&T, Bruce Tifft, Deceased and business sold to Featherlite: fthrlite@pacific.net
or phone them at (707) 895-2718 (Featherlite may no longer be making props)
Sensenich Wood Propellers, 813-752-3711, http://www.sensenichprop.com
Prince Aircraft Co., P-Tip props, Waterhouse, OH, 419-877-5557, propellers@aol.com
MT Propellers, electrically adjustable, 386-736-7762, mailto:mtpropusa@aol.com
Ed Sterba Aircraft Propellers: 941-778-3103
Amar Demouth propellers (410) 461-4329, metal leading edges
Bolt Circle Difference SAE1 versus SAE2:
The bolt circle (BC) diameter of SAE 1 is 4.375 (4 3/8).
SAE 2 is 4.75 (4 3/4).

6.3 Material Metal, Wood, and Composite Propellers

In our EXPERIMENTAL aircraft, you dont want to experiment with the things that push
the plane forward and keep it flying. The propeller dynamics at the rear of Rutan-type
aircraft have never been analyzed sufficiently to understand the vibration forces that
must be withstood by the propeller blades. Wood or the combination wood/fiberglass
materials are more tolerant of these unknown forces, and therefore, are prescribed.
Metal propellers are unique to each airframe/engine combination and undergo testing
that is not possible for a Homebuilt.

6.4 Wood Prop Care

(Following Compilation of Information was provided by Bruce Tifft with his propellers)
MOUNTING PROCEDURE:
Apply a light coat of beeswax or paraffin wax to drive lugs and center spud extension.
Care should be taken to keep propeller hub face parallel to the flange face while
tightening the bolts. DRIVE LUGS ARE A MUST!
TORQUE:
Torque to 250 inch pounds and check after the first flight is completed. Recheck every
10 hours until completion of 50 hours of flight time on your new prop. Then, check
torque every 25 hours.
TRACKING:
Carefully track your propeller. Get it perfect. Do not settle for 1/16" being close enough.
Tighten all bolts to 250 inch pounds. Check track. Back off the three bolts on one blade
and continue to tighten other three up to 350 inch pounds, each time tightening the
other three to 250 inch pounds until it tracks perfectly. You will be happy with the
smoothness you will gain.
Place a stick on wing held in place with a bean (shot) bag. Align stick one inch from end
of prop. BE SURE MAGS ARE OFF AND PROP TORQUED TO 250 INCH POUNDS.
Rotate prop to determine if prop to stick gap is equal and track is equal. If not tracking
exactly, a slight variation can be corrected with differential torque on lugs until in line.
If track is too uneven, a piece of folder stock may be used as a shim between prop
flange and prop face to even up track.
UNEVEN GAP:
Check if crank flange is bent. Remove prop, rotate 180 degrees, then replace prop. If
opposite end of prop is now farthest from stick, you have a bent crankshaft or bent
flange. Both are expensive to correct.
When finished, be sure proper torque (250 inch pounds) is maintained on all lugs.
MOISTURE:
Always leave a wood prop in a horizontal position when you park your plane. It draws
moisture to the bottom blade if vertical and will vibrate until weight is equalized. If you
do not fly for a long period, rotate the prop 180 degrees occasionally.
PROPELLER CARE:

Automotive paste waxes can be used to clean the finish. No other care is necessary.
IT IS ESSENTIAL TO COVER THE CENTER HOLE OF THE PROP. If you are not using
a spinner, use an aluminum plate under your crush plate or moisture can soak in the
center hole and damage the hub area. [This advice is recent.]
(MAH comment: Since 1992, I have used a wine bottle cork in the center hole with
excellent results. It weighs less than a plate. For eight years, my Long-EZ was parked
on a ramp in Miami, Florida. Sun and weather will take their toll. Cover the prop to
protect from sun damage while leaving room for ventilation. Tony Brazier makes a cover
for the Long-EZ that covers part of the nose, the canopy, and the prop and sells for just
over $100.)
Ref:
Tony Brazier, Custom Cabin Covers
P.O. Box 77031
Ocala, FL 34477
Phone/FAX: (352) 237-1811
ROCK DAMAGE:
Light impact damage can be repaired with two part epoxy filler available in tubes.
Always carry JB Weld or a Duro epoxy kit. Fill small chip holes and small voids, clamp
with a rubber band until cured, and sand the hardened epoxy to fit contour. Although the
epoxy is very dense, the amount of imbalance resulting from small repairs is negligible.
PLASTIC LEADING EDGE:
This type of leading edge is effective in preventing small rock damage, and if damaged,
is easy to repair with JB Weld. However, rain and hail can cause serious wood damage.
When entering rain, decrease the RPM as much as possible because rain can damage
the wood behind the plastic. At idle, little damage, if any, will occur to the wood because
the prop is not creating thrust or drag. In rain, hail, sleet or snow, throttling back (1,000
RPM) can reduce damage to your prop.
PAINTING OUTER TIPS:
If you wish to paint the outer three or four inches of the tips, make sure an equal amount
of paint is applied on each side to maintain the balance of your prop.
SAFETY OF FLIGHT ISSUE:
Propellers are held onto the prop extension by six AN-#7 bolts. The properly torqued
bolts apply a prescribed compression of the wood material within the yield strength of
the bolts. Its friction that keeps your prop on the airplane, not shear forces on the bolts.
Wood propellers breathe, or swell and shrink with humidity changes. It is therefore

imperative that you follow the manufacturers recommendations for periodic re-torquing
the propeller bolts. Even flying from one climate to another may trigger the requirement
to re-torque the bolts.

6.5 Prop-Torque - Each manufacturer gives different Instructions

Prop bolts torque check
The clamping force gradually changes with time. This is because the prop wood is
made of round grains filled with air. The grains gradually collapse from the pressure,
which reduces the clamping force. The bolts are unchanged. They don't rotate. But they
no longer apply the force required to prevent micro prop movement.
Prop bolts are merely clamps. Then never are used as shear pins, until just before
catastrophic failure. Your best action is to periodically recheck the torque. Make sure
you rotate the bolt when checking torque. I use torque wrench and torque all fasteners
to 20 ft lbs. 1 month later the wood has collapsed a bit and the effective torque is down
to 15 ft lbs. If I place a torque wrench on this loose fastener, it may read as high as 20,
then drop to 15 after the bolt starts to rotate. That initial 20 is called "breakaway torque"
and you must overcome it before taking a torque reading.
Periodically you will hear of someone with broken prop bolt. They tend to describe the
bolt as the problem. The bolt is actually lightly loaded and sees no unusual forces. It's
not until the prop is loose that the bolt sees very high shear and fatigue forces.
The most critical component of your prop is the large "pilot bore". Usually 2 1/4"
diameter, it needs to be a snug fit (interference fit). If it is not snug fit, you are at much
greater risk of prop related failure. When you first place your prop on engine, leave the
bolts off. Wiggle the prop around to see if you truly have snug pilot fit. If you don't, place
some flox mix in bore, and reinstall. Torque bolts. Let cure, then remove prop, balance
while locating on bore, then reinstall, retorque.
My web pages:
Al Wick http://www.maddyhome.com/canardpages/pages/alwick/index.html

And Another version: SENENSICH - TABLE 1

WOOD PROPELLER INSTALLATION - RECOMMENDED TORQUES

Size
AN4
AN5
AN6
AN7
AN8

Shaft
(in)
1/4
5/16
3/8
7/16

Recommended Wrench Torque Range

(in-lbs)
(ft-lbs)
(N-M)
120 - 140 10 to 12
14 to 16
130 - 160 11 to 13
15 to 18
175 - 225 15 to 19
20 to 25
225 - 275 19 to 23
25 to 31
275 - 325 23 to 27
31 to 37

CAUTION: Over-tightening propeller attaching bolts will cause the wood of the hub to crush,

breaking its moisture seal and slightly reducing drive-torque capacity of the installation.
Numbering Code: AN - bolt quality (Army/Navy); 6 = 3/8 Dia.; A (at end) - drilled head

6.6 Hertzler - Prop Installation and Maintenance Guide

(Composite over wood)

Getting the Most Out of Your Silver Bullet

Gary Hertzler - Hertzler Propeller - (Arizona) 480-897-8167
hertzler@yahoo.com

Legal Paperwork
- The FAA considers a propeller change on previously certified aircraft to be a major
-

change.
The older version of the Operation limitations contain this or similar phraseology:
The cognizant FAA office must be notified and their response received
in writing prior to flying this aircraft after incorporation a major change
as defined by FAR 21.93
The most recent Operation Limitations version allows the owner to self certify his
airplane, however there are forms that will need to be filled out for a propeller
change. FAA order 8130.2E change 2 paragraph 134 (19) can be found on the web
at
www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library/rgOrders.nsf/0/bf03fdd372a
e8e8786256d7300636ab8/$FILE/Order8130.2Echg2only.pdf

- It states that:
After incorporating a major change as described in 21.93, the aircraft
owner is required to reestablish compliance with 91.319(b) and notify the
geographically responsible FSDO of the location of the proposed test area.
The aircraft owner must obtain concurrence from the FSDOas to the
suitability of the proposed test area. If the major change includes installing
a
different make and model of engine or propeller, the aircraft owner must fill
out a revised Form 8130-6 to update the aircraft's file in the FAA Aircraft
Registry. All operations must be conducted under day VFR conditions in a
sparsely populated area. The aircraft must remain in flight test for a
minimum of 5 hours or for the time the FSDO assigns. Persons
nonessential to the flight must not be carried. The aircraft owner must make
a detailed logbook entry describing the change before the test flight.
Following satisfactory completion of the required number of flight hours in
the flight test area, the pilot must certify in the records that the aircraft has
been shown to comply with 91.319(b). Compliance with 91.319(b) must
be recorded in the aircraft records with the following, or a similarly worded,

statement:
"I certify that the prescribed flight test hours have been completed and the
aircraft is controllable throughout its normal range of speeds and
throughout
all maneuvers to be executed, has no hazardous characteristics or design
features, and is safe for operation. The following aircraft operating data has
been demonstrated during the flight testing: speeds Vso ______, Vx _____,
and Vy ______, and the weight ______, and CG location ______ at which
they were obtained."
If you dont have your Operation Limitations updated to the most recent version, do
so immediately. Your flight operation will be illegal if you dont either apply for and
obtain a new certificate under the old Operating Limitations certification or conduct a
flight test and make the appropriate log book entries under the most recent
Operating Limitations certification.
Many insurance companies void coverage on illegal flights operations.

Mounting
-

Be sure that all the threads in your drive lugs are in good shape. Run the prop bolts
into the threads full depth and note the threads protruding from the engine side of
the drive lug. If you cant do this by hand, chase the threads in the lugs with the
proper tap. Galled or distorted threads will not allow the prop bolts to develop the
proper clamp load.

The propeller and prop extension clamping faces should be clean and free from oil
or wax. The primary driving torque is transmitted through friction at this interface. A
small amount of beeswax or paraffin applied on the inside of the prop drive lug holes
and the center pilot hole can assist the installation of the prop on the extension. Be
careful not to get any wax on the clamping faces.

The prop should be mounted so that the blades are in the 1/7 oclock position (aft
looking forward) when the engine is at top dead center (TDC). This will minimize the
exhaust staining on the prop and will generally cause the prop to stop in the
horizontal position. This is also the best position for hand propping the engine.
Failure to clock the prop in this position could result in heat damage to the
composite covering and weaken the structure plus introduce additional
unknown vibrations.

Prior to mounting your prop, lubricate the threads in the drive lugs with a very small
amount of lightweight oil (lubricant is applied in this manner and not to the threads of
the bolt). This will prevent the threads from damage during the torquing process and
also provide a more consistent clamp load. Place the prop on the extension,
aligning the center pilot and drive lugs. Tap the prop hub face with a rubber hammer
to seat it on the drive lugs. Dont try to hammer the prop on to a fully seated
position. The drive lug holes and center pilot holes are precisely sized and located
to give a very snug fit. Install the crush plate and bolts. Tighten the bolts evenly, so
the prop and extension remain nearly parallel until fully seated. All bolts should have

AN960 washers under the heads to avoid damage to the crush plate. Hardened
washers are not recommended because they have a history of cracking. It is very
important that the threads on the bolts do not bottom out on the drive lugs internal
threads. To check this, remove all of the bolts and reinstall without the washers.
Tighten the bolts so the heads just contact the crush plate. Once this contact is
assured, remove the bolts and reinstall with the washers or make sure that the
number of threads protruding are less than previously noted. Bring the bolt torque
up in 3 steps until the full required torque is attained. Always tighten the bolts in a
pattern opposite one another to get even seating. The ends of the bolts should be
flush with the backside of the drive lug within +3 or 0 threads.
Bolt diameter Prop Hub Diameter
Bolt Torque
3/8
5
18 ft lbs
3/8
6
20 ft lbs
3/8
7
24 ft lbs
7/16
7
28 ft lbs
7/16
6
24 ft lbs
(Note: Bruce Tifft built wooden props, 7/16, and suggested 15 ft. lbs.)
1 / 2
7
30 ft lbs
-

Check prop track by laying a stick on the wing so that the end of the stick is about 1
in from the tip and about 1/16 from the leading edge of the prop. The stick can be
held in place with suitable weights such as shot bags. Rotate the prop 180 degrees
to check the gap on the opposite blade. (Magneto switches off, of course) The two
gaps should be within a 1/16 of each other. The Silver Bullet props are
manufactured so there should be no discernible difference in this gap. If you find
that the prop track is outside this limit, a check of the flange runout is advisable.
Small gap variations above the 1/16 limit can be brought into limit by differential
torqing of the bolts (max of 25% above the normal torque) until the blades track
evenly.

Mark the position of the prop and always replace with the same orientation.

For a new propeller, check the torque every 5 hours, until stabilized, then
every 25 hours after that. Even though your Silver Bullet is well sealed, the
wood core moisture content will change as the humidity changes. When
going from a moist climate to a dry warm climate, the propeller will shrink
slightly and consequently lose bolt preload. It is a good idea to recheck your
prop torque in these situations.

Propeller Care
-

It is essential that water not be allowed in the center hole of the prop. Although your
Silver Bullet center hole has been sealed with a coat of urethane varnish, hub
cracking can occur if water is allowed to stand. This can easily happen in the EZ

nose down or taildragger nose up orientation. There are several ways this can be
prevented:
- Manufacture a .025 aluminum plate, the same size as your crush plate, to
sandwich between the crush plate and propeller. Use the crush plate as a
drill template to accurately locate the 6 prop boltholes. A spinner with a
solid-center aft bulkhead will serve the same purpose.
-

Trim a wine cork to about its original length and drive it into the hole.

Although a spinner will prevent most of water from entering the center hole,
it is best to also incorporate one of the above techniques as a positive seal.

Your Silver Bullet has a rain erosion leading edge, however, it will not often stand up
to larger pebbles or cowling screws. Chipped leading edges or dings in the prop can
be successfully filled with JB Weld. Thoroughly clean the area to be repaired with
solvent to remove any traces of engine oil. Overfill the depression slightly and allow
it to harden. Carefully file and sand back to contour.

The paint on your Silver Bullet is a PPG acrylic urethane. Although this will stand up
to a light rain, heavy rain and higher engine rpms will erode the paint on the outer
several inches of the leading edge. If this happens, sand to feather the edges with
600 grit or finer paper. Backing off the power to below 2200 rpms can prevent most
of this damage.

Small touch-ups of the paint can be made with the bottled paint and brush kit that
can be purchased at most auto parts stores. The paint used on props from s/n P119
up are as follows:
COLOR
COLOR NAME
OEM Code
Silver
General Motors Silver Metallic
013
White
Toyota Super White
040
Black
General Motors Black
39U

Balancing of your prop was accomplished as the final operation prior to shipping and
should be checked following any major repairs or refinishing. Balance tooling used
at the factory simulates the propeller extension with a center shaft on knife-edges. A
close balance can be attained in the field with a simple 3/4 diameter snug-fitting rod
tapped into the center hole. Be sure that your knife-edges are parallel, level and
free from nicks and the center shaft is both round and straight. The prop must
balance (no rotation) in both the horizontal and vertical position. Extra washers
under the prop bolts can be added to achieve balance, but be sure that there is
adequate propeller bolt thread engagement.

Most prop damage can be prevented with a few precautions

- Never do full power run-ups. If this is necessary to check engine
operation, sweep the ramp area first.

- On take off, apply power gradually so that you achieve full power only
after the first 100 feet of take off roll.
- Use a nose wheel fender or slick nose tire. These can be purchased
from Ken Miller - KenEZMiller@Compuserve.com
- Taxi with your landing brake down. (include a landing brake stowed
entry on your preflight checklist)
Save the box that your propeller was shipped in. It could come in handy later. Keep
your spare propeller boxed up ready to ship in case you bang up your prop when away
from home base.
Safe Flying,
Hertzler Propeller

7.0 Electrical System and Wiring

Burning (or smoking) insulation will typically release toxic fumes.
PVC: Incomplete combustion (smoking wires) gives, carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon
oxidation products including organic acids, aldehydes and alcohols. Flash Point: 806 F
(this is for one type of PVC, others are similar) (Flash point is when it starts to actually
burn. FLAME)
Please refer to NASA selection guide for insulation material
http://www.nepp.nasa.gov/npsl/Wire/insulation_guide.htm
FEP and PTFE Advantages:(Dupont TM Teflon)
-Excellent high temperature properties.
-PTFE Teflon is preferred for solder applications.
-FEP is preferred for jacket material.
-Non-flammable
-Good out gassing characteristics
-Most flexible of all insulations
-Good weather ability, resists moisture absorption and atomic
oxygen erosion
Teflon does breaks down when at HIGH temperature and releases hazardous
byproducts. (The temperature that would cause Teflon to break down would probably be
the result of some other material burning)
I have seen an industrial panel with Teflon and PVC following a short circuit failure. The
PVC panel had secondary wiring melt and additional cascading failure (The entire inside
of the panel burned). The Teflon had a group of wires damaged with NO resulting fire.

It would be better to design your electrical system to prevent short circuits from causing
fires. A well designed and protected electrical system has little chance of causing a fire.
Teflon is a better choice in by opinion. -- Dennis Blomquist, 9/02

7.15 Lights, Source

Strobe plus Position, Taxi and Landing lights, and at some excellent prices.
They even do the wiring for you if you buy a package. It looks like nice stuff.
www.gs-air.com <http://www.gs-air.com/ Tim LoDolce

7.2 Alternators
For trouble shooting help, this web site may be of assistance.
http://avionicswest.com/snap.html#Alternator%20Noise

7.3 Avionics
Terra Transponders -- Free flight Systems stopped upgrading TRT 250 in 1998. No
avionics shops have been found that will do the upgrade. Free Flight Systems said the
reason they don't upgrade the TRT 250 is the problem thumb-wheel switches. They did
agree (thank you Free Flight) to send parts to do the upgrade. So, if you are able to
make the modifications yourself, this may be a solution.
Encoders
Most new equipment does not accept gray code inputs, which the majority of encoders
provide. Instead, they require serial or icarus info.
The exception to this rule is Garmin; they take in either because although serial data is
better, faster, and more reliable. The FAA says you have to have the ability to use gray
code. The 430/530 takes both in and then allows you to configure it in the menu to use
only serial. I imagine that the FAA is behind the times.
I always recommend the SAE-5-35, made by Sandia. It has proven itself time and time
again, and it is what I use.
"Chris Riddell" <chrisriddell@approach-systems.com>

Antenna - Marker Beacon

Q: I need help installing a Marker Beacon Antenna in an existing aircraft.
A: From Dan Patch <dpatch1@san.rr.com>
This is an easy and very forgiving job. My MKB antenna has been working, no problems
for 23+ years on a Narco Nav 122.
I suspect that copper tape would be fine as this isn't a critical antenna, but I would steer
clear of it unless you embed it in the structure (which makes it tough to trim) because
copper tape is easier to damage and has a history of breaking if mounted on the gear
legs where it flexes and fatigues. (Having said that, my copper tape antenna buried in
the canard for the VOR has been problem free.)
I opted for using flat copper braid rather than plain wire or copper tape. This is the flat,
multi-strand "grounding cable" that is used to ground equipment, and I used the 1/2 inch
width braid in a split-dipole configuration. This provides an antenna geometry that is
similar to copper tape, but very rugged (and heavier). The center (i.e., the "split"
location) of my antenna is on top of the nose wheel well, with one arm going forward
along the floor of the fuselage and up the front nose bulkhead, the other arm goes back
along the top of the wheel well and on under the pilot seat cushion. The braid is quite
flexible and you can tack it down as needed with a little flox (recommend duct tape
under the seat). The center coax conductor is soldered to one arm, the coax ground
sheath is soldered to the other braid arm (both at the antenna "split" location on top of
the wheel well). Note that the lower 75 mHz freq. used by MKB requires a somewhat
longer antenna length than a comparable VOR antenna. Also, I think that I used some
toroids just at the end of the MKB coax cable. I'd have to look at the installation for
details and lengths. I believe that you want to run the two dipole arms generally along
the length of the plane (not across) somewhere that is convenient; however, the exact
location, path and "shape" of the antenna is pretty forgiving (i.e., a few bends aren't
critical) in this application. Hope this gives you some ideas. - Dan Patch

7.3.1 Ground Plane

Cheap and EZE Ground Plane for Good Quality Radio Performance
He built in a ground plane with multiple X patterns of wires that he buried in the fill on
the belly. I was saving the blade for a last resort as I figured it would create some drag.
Plus, I would have to come up with a ground plane to make it work.
I came up with a killer EZE way to make a ground plane and it hit the bulls-eye for
performance. I mounted the blade on the belly about half way between the bottom of the

pilot seat back and the back seat back or 6 inches behind the rear edge of the landing
brake.
I bought a piece of scrap carpet (42x20) for 5 bucks and a piece of screen door
aluminum screen from ACE Hardware.
I glued the screen to the bottom of the carpet with a double dose of rubber type contact
cement. Then I trimmed and fitted the carpet so that it covered the whole floor of the
back seat including all the way up under the rear seat cushion.
This was now about 42" long by 20" wide and my blade was right in the middle
underneath. The 2" of foam between the blade antenna and the ground plane do not
hurt the performance.
I attached a ground wire with a couple large area washers and a #10 short bolt and nut
with a spade connector so no copper comes in contact with the aluminum screen.
Also, the heads of the bolts that hold the blade on come through the floor and the
screen makes contact and an extra ground connection at those points, too.
I am really surprised how well this works. I talked to Norcal from 40 miles out with a loud
and clear check, and I tried it on all frequencies with perfect results.
The blade antenna is Aircraft Spruce part number AVT-4.
Paul Werner
VEZE 6112Q
Gnoss Field
Novato, CA

7.4 Gyro Instruments Repair

User reports of good service.
Attn: Mike McIntosh
Rudy Aircraft Instruments
Rt. 1 Box 424
4711 Old Bowman Road
Rudy, AR 72952 (Arkansas)
U.S.A.
Tel: 479-474-8759
Fax: 479-474-3306

8.0 Wheels/Tires/Brakes and Brake Fluid

Some aircraft use DOT 3 brake fluid (red in color and common in automobiles) and
others utilize DOT 5 (clear Silicone). The apparent reason for the shift to silicone is to
reduce the probably of fire when the fluid comes in contact with a hot brake disk.
However, is it not a simple conversion from one type to the other. Read the following
notes on the process and precautions.
1. DOT 5 Silicone should not be mixed with other brake fluids that are Glycol-based.
2. If you change from a glycol-based fluid to DOT 5 Silicone, you have to flush the brake
system thoroughly as already suggested, and also replace all the rubber products in the
system that have absorbed the glycol-based fluid.
3. There is a DOT 5.1 brake fluid that is glycol-based, not silicone-based. Be careful.
4. DOT 5 Silicone was developed to reduce water absorption, and therefore increase
the length of time between brake fluid flushing and replacement. Glycol-based brake
fluid should be replaced every 2-3 years. Silicone-based is much longer.
5. The "red stuff" is MIL 5606 or a replacement such as Chevron Aviation Hydraulic
Fluid A. It is petroleum-based. It is commonly used throughout an aircraft and its
viscosity remains relatively constant over a wide temperature range, including down to
less than -65 degrees F.
If you mix a large amount of DOT 5 Silicone with a small amount of Red Hydraulic Fluid,
you get horribly sticky goo.
When changing from Red Hydraulic Fluid to DOT 5 Silicone, you have to flush the
system well, and replace all rubber products in the system. There are no problems with
putting DOT 5 Silicone in a new system. It would be wise to label the reservoirs "DOT 5
Silicone only".
DOT 5 Silicone was originally developed for the U.S. Military to reduce the need of
changing the fluid to once every several years - I forget exactly how many. Red
Hydraulic Fluid should be replaced about every two years because of water absorption.
--Garth Shearing, Victoria BC Canada

8.2 Long-EZ Nose Wheel Axle Bushing Rotation

There are two aluminum spacers on the Long-EZ used to center the nose wheel
between the forks. These spacers tend to spin and cause inappropriate wear. Its easy
to stop the spinning by pinning the spacers, but the bearings inner races may be
spinning on the spacers too. To correct both problems do the following:
This method is exactly the way wheel bearing pre-load is done on a Harley Davidson
motorcycle. It works great, and its recommended to use Harley's method for setting end
play tolerances. Fabricate a center spacer to fit between the ones on the wheel
assembly. Clean the bearings thoroughly, assemble the wheel, bearings and the three
spacers with no grease in the bearings, and use a dial indicator to check end-play.
Harley specs .004 - .016" (.1 mm - .4 mm). A Long-EZ builder recommends going for as
close to 0.004" (.1mm) as you can get. When you're satisfied disassemble, grease the
bearings and reassemble. Good to over 100 mph with no wheel wobble, says the
builder.
To pin the spacers, drill a small hole in the fork that penetrates the spacer. Tap this hole
for a tiny screw long enough to go through the fork and into the spacer. Or, another
method is to cross-drill the spacer perpendicular and off-center from the axle hole. Use
0.040 safety wire through the hole and around the fork.

8.2.1 Electrical Nose Lifts

There are several manufacturers of electrical nose lifts for canard aircraft. Some pilots
may want the latest gadget, some may have a bad back, and some may be getting old with or without a bad back! It does get harder to climb up into a Long-EZ. After his 74 th
birthday, one pilot started using a big tin can for the first step with a string attached to
haul it up after getting in.
Three sources of electrical lifts are:
1. Bill Oertel, 3216 Broco Lane, Norco CA 91760-1817 - 909-734-7569
2. Steve Wright, and
3. Jack Wilhelmson, http://www.eznoselift.com/ E-mail: wilhelms@isg-scra.org

8.3 Long-EZ main gear attachments/hard points

The best installation is with a flanged bushing, with the flange faces mating against the
landing gear "support tube" (for lack of having that part number at my fingertips). The
flange faces "face" each other when the extrusions are installed in the fuselage.

The bushings needed for this are P/N NAS77-6-25, which are a steel bushing with
cadmium plating. For the hole in the mount, you will need to precision ream the hole for
the bushing to 0.5000 inch - if you don't have a good 0.5000 inch reamer, take your
extrusions to a machine shop - they may charge you a six-pack for such an involved
procedure...
The bushings are a press-fit (can be installed in a vise), with an outside diameter of
0.5013. If you have the opportunity to install these bushings with a wet coat of a good
epoxy-based primer on the bushing OD, all the better. The primer helps a bit more on
the corrosion side of things. Chromate-based aircraft sealant also is a good option. I
used JB Weld the last time I made up a set of Long-EZ mounts. Mind-you, there is no
reason to seek something for bushing installation with the thought of "bonding" the
bushings in - the interference fit between the bushing and the extrusion is what is
important. The 0.5 reamed hole is essential.

8.4 Tire Inflation Technique

Go to your local truck terminal or a major truck stop with a truck accessories store. Buy
a six-inch long valve extender and a set of hex-head, steel valve caps. The truck valve
extender should have a hex-head socket on the female screw on end. Use the extender
like a socket wrench through the hole in the wheel pant to remove (and replace) the
hex-head valve cap. The truck valve extenders are like long Schraeder valves and
make filling of the tire a snap.
To speed up the process, place a visible mark on the outboard side of the tires to
indicate the position where the tire valve lines up with the hole in the wheel pant. Bob
Eckes

8.4.1 Tires - Source

A great mechanic suggested 10 ply tires because steering the EZ is with brakes and the
sidewalls of 10 ply will hold up better than 6 ply tires.
One warning about 10 ply! The stiff sidewall of the tire does not bend with the weight of
the empty EZ (980 pounds). There is no indication of low tire pressure unless a person
is in the aircraft. Then, it is obvious. When you apply throttle and the plane just sits
there, you probably have 15 pounds of tire pressure instead of 45. Planes do talk to
you, if you will listen!
My 5.00 x 5 - 10 ply recaps cost about $70 ($35 each) in 1998. Now (April 2006), one
has plenty of tread. Prices have gone up. The Premium casing is now $42 from
Wilkerson, though they have a McCreary casing. The Long-EZ has over 1,500 hours

flight time, including many landings. I try to fly every week, even though I may not fly
cross-country. I have never had a flat tire.
Source of Recaps: The Wilkerson Tire Company home page:
http://members.aol.com/jamesl1013/tires/wilkerson.html
Wilkerson provides interesting information about tires and tire pressure, probably more
than you want to know:
http://members.aol.com/jamesl1013/tires/airpressure.html
Al Hodges

Other Comments:
Paul Werner sez: I don't know if these Michelin Condor's are retreads or not.
Sky Geek offers 10 ply Michelin (Condor) tires for $58.85.
Other vendors quote $49.95 for 6 Ply Condors (April 4, 2006)
From Sky-Geek website at http://www.skygeek.com/condor.html: (April 4, 2006)
Tires:
5.00-5-10 Ply, Michelin Aviator, 120 Mph, Tube Type
Part Number: 071-311-0 - Regular Price: $117.81
Tubes:
Michelin 5.00-5 Tube, TR-67A /90 degree valve
Part Number: 092-308-0 - Regular Price: $55.02
Infinity Aerospace (http://www.infinityaerospace.com/Tire_and_Tube.jpg)
Balanced Michelin Air 5.00 x 5, 6-Ply, 120 mph Tire - $96.71 each
Michelin 5.00 x 5 Tubes $44.15 each (butyl no leak)
I ordered from Sky Geek, so I will know more when I get them. -Paul Werner
----------- -

8.5 - Wheel Pants - Small (Lamb) Tires

Gary Hertzler's Wheel Pants - It's www.jamesaircraft.com
aka Sam James. Mostly sells to the RV guys.
He makes all kinds of fiberglass/composite pieces for various engines and aircraft. He
even has plenums. His website:
http://www.jamesaircraft.com/Our_Products.html

Pilot Report:
Going from 5.00 x 5's and no wheel pants to Lambs and Klauss wheel pants, with no
other mods, I picked up 15 knots on an O-235 Long-EZ.
(No name)

9.0 Refueling Static Electricity Protection

Marc Borom -- After moving from NY to AZ, I was very concerned about the increased
danger of static electricity sparks during fueling my electrically non-conductive plane. I
talked with the GE scientist in charge of protecting polymer mixing vats from static
electricity induced explosions. Here is the skinny.
The worst case is when one pours a non-conductive liquid (like gasoline) from a nonconductive container (like the red plastic containers many of us use) into another nonconductive container like epoxy coated fiberglass wing tanks. Low humidity (like in AZ)
makes things worse.
A static electrical charge builds up on the surface of the flowing liquid as it rubs along
the non-conductive nozzle, and it is always looking for a place to discharge (the
gasoline/air mixture in the fuel tank is the KaBoom site). Even if you are fueling from a
grounded fuel nozzle, the non-conductive gasoline will pick up a static charge just by
falling through the air (turbo-static charge). So how do you protect yourself from the
KaBoom syndrome?
This is what I was told. One must devise a technique to strip the charge off the falling
liquid before it can jump a spark. On the advice of the Anti-KaBoom scientist, this is
what I did, and, so far, no KaBoom.
I went to Home Depot and bought a 1 " x 12", flanged brass tail piece for a sink drain
(Moen #803B for $4.47). I cut a slit along the axis of the tail piece from the flanged end
for about 8 inches (long enough to clear the fuel cap locking wire and to allow the tail
piece to be inserted in the fuel tank).
The flanged end rests on the bottom of the tank. I chose to have the flange rest on the
bottom of the fuel tank to minimize scuffing of the tank surface. A grounding wire is
bolted to the top of the tail piece (the tail piece can be cut to an appropriate length less
than 12"). I used 12 gauge, stranded copper wire for the grounding lead with an alligator
clip on the end for attaching to a good earth ground.
Fuel is allowed to flow along the tail pieces internal surface and any charge is
transferred to ground. Do not use an aluminum tube for the charge stripper since
aluminum oxidizes readily and the oxide layer will insulate the fuel from the ground.

Attaching the fuel hose nozzle ground to the exhaust stack does nothing for you.
Remember that it is the fuel rubbing against a non-conductor and just plain falling
through the air that is the problem. The tank insert nips the problem in the bud. The
whole tail piece device will fall to the earth if you throw it in the air, but it weighs less
than 8 oz.
Note: Ed: I think this is the definitive re-fueling static protection technique. Not
withstanding the relatively small amount of fuel we usually transfer to a single tank and
the resultant reduced opportunity to build up a static charge, this technique is as foolproof as it gets.
More on this subject:
I've re-read through all these static and fuel related posts on the Canard board and
Cozy boards. Let me see if I can summarize things. There are multiple problems and
solutions needed.
Problems...
Static potential on:
- fuel surface within the tank,
- exterior aircraft skin,
- fuel falling into the tank,
- your clothes,
- that thunder-cell within 10 miles
What's the likelihood? Sparks and fires have happened multiple times with EZ airplanes.
Solutions...
1) Regarding "grounding the fuel within the tank"... I'm seeing "metal cap & filler ring
with dangling chain" and Marc Borom's solution. These are to be grounded with an
external grounding wire, FIRST CONNECT AIRCRAFT, then connect ground. Also,
there's at least one EZ with an internal grounding wire running from the metal filler ring
& cap, thru the tank wall to aircraft ground. He can ground on the tail-pipe.
2) Regarding "falling fuel"... I think Marc Borom's approach specifically addresses this,
although I still can't fully visualize it, yet. Does this address refueling from a plastic jug?
3) Regarding "static potential on external aircraft skin"... This isn't always resolved with
a "grounded cap & filler-ring with dangling retention chain". The solution for this is to
wipe down the surrounding surface with a damp cloth or use a "anti-static pad" as
shown on the recent "Lindberg crosses the Atlantic in Lancair"
4) Regarding "bad grounding sequence": If you externally ground your filler-ring & cap

(as opposed to a built-in internal grounding wire), have a personal grounding wire. YOU
connect first to aircraft then to ground. If you have an internally grounding wire from the
filler-ring & cap to aircraft, the tail-pipe will do.
The refueling procedure is to:
1) Be aware of and take action regarding static buildup in your clothes. (dry with staticcling strips, strip or cover static-y things)
2) Be aware of lightening potential conditions. Lightening does hit and kill people 10
miles from the nearest cloud, almost annually in Colorado but less now with global
warming.
3) YOU! connect your personal grounding wire, firstly to the metal filler ring, secondly to
ground. (if you're using Marc Borom's solution, skip to next step)
4) Wipe the aircraft skin widely around the filler port with a damp rag or throw on an
"anti-static pad"
5) Open the gas cap.
6) If you're using Marc Borom's solution, insert and ground.
7) Keep the fuel nozzle against the metal filler ring at all times.
Petroleum Equipment Institute Report
Three points may be of special interest to pilots. A lot of information has been published
grounding our fiberglass tanks, the nozzle, and tank caps. No one has stressed clothing
and static electricity created outside the gas tank.
Point One: Some clothing creates static electricity in low humidity conditions.
Remember the spark in the winter up north?
Solution: Ground yourself before removing the gas cap and before pumping gas.
Point Two: Women have a high percentage of auto fires from static sparking.
Solution: Ladies and men, avoid wearing clothing made from man made fibers with high
static electricity potential when putting gas in your car or being around planes being
gassed. Ski suits may stop that cold wind around our EZ feet, but there may be a spark
risk involved.
Point Three: Ladies, do not gas the planes.
-------Bob Renkes of Petroleum Equipment Institute is working on a campaign to make people
aware of fires as a result of "static" at gas pumps.
His company has researched 150 cases of these fires. His results were very surprising:
1) Out of 150 cases, almost all of them involved women.

2) Almost all cases involved the person getting back in their vehicle while the nozzle
was still pumping gas. When finished, they went back to pull the nozzle out, the
fire started as a result of static electricity.
3) Most were wearing rubber-soled shoes.
4) Most men never get back in their vehicle until completely finished. This is why
they are seldom involved in these types of fires.
5) Don't ever use cell phones when pumping gas.
6) The vapors given off the gas cause the fire when exposed to the spark from the
static charges.
7) During 29 fires, the driver reentered and exited the vehicle, then they touched the
nozzle during refueling. There were many makes and models. Some resulting in
extensive damage to the vehicle, to the station, and to the customer.
8) Seventeen fires occurred before, during, or immediately after the gas cap was
removed and before fueling began.
Mr. Renkes stresses NEVER get back into your vehicle while filling it with gas. If you
absolutely HAVE to get in your vehicle while the gas is pumping, make sure you get out,
close the door TOUCHING UNPAINTED METAL, before you ever pull the nozzle out.
This way the static from your body will be discharged before you ever remove the
nozzle.
The Petroleum Equipment Institute and several other companies are trying to make the
public aware of this danger. You can find more information by going to:
http://www.pei.org Then, click in the center of the screen where it says "Stop Static".

10.0 Web Sites and Flying Information

AOPA and EAA Members can check their web sites.
San Diego EZ Squadron www.ez.org - Articles, CP Source, Contact Members
Directory for many canard owners worldwide. Use Hangar Flying section to request help
and information.
Canard Aviators forum on Yahoo 20-30 messages daily help source, advice (be
selective but there is more good than bad), some very knowledgeable canard builders
and flyers. Try following e-mail to join. Request messages in digest form to reduce email quantity.
http://login.yahoo.com/config/login?.intl=us&.src=ygrp&.done=http://groups.yahoo.com
%2Fgroup%2Fcanard-aviators%2Fjoin%3Freferer%3D1
Landings www.landings.com - wide assortment of software, information, flight
planning, N-numbers assignments, cheap gas sources, and etc.

Overhead Aerial Views www.terrafly.com , Google Earth

Enter street address. Then, click any edge to fly from that spot. Zoom in or out for more
or less details.
Example: 410 Airport Drive, Manteo, NC gives view of MQI, Dare County Airport. Fly
north across the water to Kitty Hawk (First Flight Airport). Zoom In to see original flight
track location and Kill Devil Hills Monument.
Lycoming Support Key Reprints for Operation and Maintenance
http://www.lycoming.textron.com/main.jsp?
bodyPage=support/publications/keyReprints/index.html
There are many documents for downloading - every thing you need for operating,
leaning, and breaking in new cylinders. This information is directly from the horses
mouth. Too often, our advice comes from the wrong end of the horse.
What are some other sources of information of interest to canard builders?
Canard.com (http://www.canard.com) is another online resource for canard builders,
owners and pilots.
The Central States Association (CSA) is perhaps the most valuable source of on-going
support for builders and owners of canard aircraft. Terry Schubert publishes a good
newsletter and maintains a directory of members. Dues are a reasonable $25 a year
(US and Canada).
Central States Association
[Builders/owners association]
Terry Schubert
9283 Lindbergh Blvd.
Olmsted Falls, OH 44138-2407
http://www.canard.com/csa/
Other Useful addresses
Vendor Guide - Resource Guide (Terry Yake)
Vendor Guide (http://exp-aircraft.com/vendors/vendors.html) is your source for finding
companies that make products and provide services for the experimental aircraft
marketplace. This alphabetical listing contains over 230 vendors appears along with

each vendors group code (accessories, avionics, builder assistance, engines, electrical,
materials, tools, etc. etc. etc.).
You can browse the list alphabetically by company name.
You can use your browser's "find" function to locate a particular word like "engines".
You can click on any vendor to see a detailed listing. Each vendor's detailed listing is a
unique page which includes company and product information, as well as a hot link to
their website.
Aero Aviation
Aero Aviation (800) 362-3044 - the lowest on prices, and very good to work with.
MetaSearch: links to 30 sources of Aircraft Parts.
http://www.aeroaviation.com/
AeroCad Inc.
[Makes the Aerocanard kits]
2954 Curtis King Blvd.
Ft. Pierce, FL 34946
(561) 460-8020
http://www.aerocad.com/
Aircraft Spruce (Shop other sources if price is important)
[Supplier of aircraft materials]
So. California Location
Administrative Offices and
Main Warehouse
225 Airport Circle
Corona, California 91720
Tele: 909-372-9555
Fax: 909-372-0555
Order Dept.: 877-4-SPRUCE
Customer Service: 800-861-3192
email: info@aircraft-spruce.com
Eastern Regional Office and Warehouse
900 S. Pine Hill Road
Griffin, Georgia 30223
Tele: 770-228-3901 Fax: 770-229-2329
Order Dept: 877-4-SPRUCE
Customer Service: 800-443-1448
email: east@aircraft-spruce.com
URL: http://www.aircraft-spruce.com/
Co-Z Development Corp

[Developer of the various Cozy plansbuilt planes]

2046 N 63rd Place
Mesa AZ 85215
480-981-6401
http://www.cozyaircraft.com/
David Orr
[Canard Finder service]
33812 Diana Dr.
Dana Point, CA 92629
(949) 248-5725
email: canardfinder@worldnet.att.net
Feather Lite - April 2004
[Manufacturer of prefab composite parts and propellers]
1327 South State Street
Ukiah, CA 95482Box 781
707-462-2939
Email: fthrlite@pacific.net
Featherlite COZY IV Parts and Price List as of May '01
<http://www.cozyaircraft.com/fthrlite2.jpg>
Featherlite COZY Parts and Price List as of May '01
<http://www.cozyaircraft.com/fthrlite.jpg>
Ken Brock Mfg.
[Manufacturer of hardware]
11852 Western Ave.
Stanton, CA 90680
(714) 898-4366
http://www.kenbrockmfg.com
Light Speed Engineering (Klaus Savier)
[Manufacturer of electronic ignition modules]
P.O. Box 549
Santa Paula, CA 93060
email: klaus@lightspeedengineering.com
http://www.lsecorp.com/
Renaissance Composites [Makes the Berkut kit]
3025 Airport Avenue
Santa Monica, CA 90405
(310) 391-1943
http://www.berkut.com/
Rutan Aircraft Factory [The Source]

1654 Flightline
Mojave, CA 93501
email: raf@hughes.net
Shirl Dickey Enterprises
[Developer of the E-Racer plans built aircraft]
P.O. Box 828
Aguila, AZ 85320
(520)685-3148
Vans Aircraft
http://www.vansaircraft.com/public/catalog.htm
Catalog - Three pdf files
Spark plugs - $13 and instruments - good prices
Velocity Inc. (Factory Headquarters)
200 W Airport Dr.
Sebastian FL 32958, USA
(561)589-1860 - Fax: (561) 589-1893
email: info@velocityaircraft.com
http://www.velocityaircraft.com
Wicks Aircraft
[Supplier of aircraft materials]
410 Pine Street
Highland, IL 62249
Orders: 1-800-221-9425
Help Line: 618-654-7447
Fax: 618-654-6253
email: info@wicksaircaft.com
http://www.wicksaircraft.com/
Hardware:
Cowling Attachment Screws (TORX)
http://www.fastenerwarehouse.com/barnhill/security-fasteners.html

11.0 Soldering Large Wire Connectors

Bob Nuckolls
6936 Bainbridge Road, Wichita, Kansas 67226-1008
Voice/Fax: 316-685-8617, E-mail: nuckolls@aeroelectric.com
Big Connections . . . Terminal Installations on Big Wires

Originally appeared in Kit Aircraft Builder, Fall 1996

The last time I wrote for these pages, the topic was solderless terminals for small wires.
I'll suggest "small" wires are those accommodated by ordinary hand crimping tools; 22
AWG through 10 AWG (AWG = "American Wire Gage" a measurement system that
says big wires shall be known by their small numbers.)
Most light airplane wiring falls in the 22-10 AWG range. However, starter, hydraulic
pump, alternator, ground power, and power distribution circuits are exceptions that
require much larger wires in the 8 AWG to 2 AWG sizes.
Battery wiring carries starter current so both battery and starter circuitry are at least
4AWG and in most cases 2AWG wire. Alternator feeds are proportioned to the
alternator's output rating. 40-amp or smaller can use 8 AWG, 50 to 75 amp machines
are wired with 4AWG, 90 to 125-amp alternators are wired with 2AWG wire. Of course,
the airplane's limits on consumption of energy are tightly tied to alternator capacity. So,
main power distribution paths are wired with the same size wire used to attach the
alternator b-lead to the rest of the system. A handful of high current, 30-50 amp loads
like hydraulic pumps call for wire in the 8 AWG to 6AWG range.
Solderless, crimp terminals are available for all these sizes but you won't find them in
the normal electronic and automotive parts outlets. Further, the tools to apply "fat"
terminals are equally robust and expensive. If your heart is really set upon using top-ofthe-line, solderless terminals throughout your project, by all means, check with local
electrical contractors. Quite often they'll have both tools and terminals. They would
probably install terminals on wire segments supplied by you and brought to their facility.
Ideally, terminals should be installed right on the airplane because in some situations,
"clocking" of a terminal is important. "Clocking" refers to orientation of a terminal on the
wire when installation is completed; wires larger than 6AWG are difficult to twist. Proper
clocking insures terminal alignment with its mating stud.
For the less discerning or more frugal builders, there is an alternative to the high-dollar
termination of fat wires in airplanes. You can solder them on, SOLDER? Yes, the
dreaded "S" word. I don't know how many articles I've seen in recent years wherein
readers are advised against using solder for wire joining and cite a variety of pitfalls
including heat damaged wire or insulation, and rampant corrosion resulting from poor
selection of materials. I believe most people's aversion come from lack of understanding
of solder's limitations and capabilities.
Soldering is an ancient technology for joining metals and will be the topic of a future
article. In the mean time, please consider the following and trust me - it works!
Terminals to be soldered must be all metal, un-insulated type as shown in Figure 1. If
you have access to insulated terminals but not the tools to apply them, you can twist the
insulators off with a pair of pliers. The terminal barrel should be a snug fit over the wire.

The best joint will occur if the strands can be fairly "packed" into the barrel. My favorite
way to tighten a wire in a loose barrel borrows from the technique of using wedges to
secure a hammer head to a wood handle. In this case, the material needs to be
compatible with the soldering process so how about copper wedges? The finished
termination is going to get dressed up with a sleeve of heat shrink over the wire and
terminal barrel.
Now's the time to slide the heat shrink over the wire. With the heat shrink in place, strip
back the wire to be terminated so that when the strands are just flush with the wire
barrel, a .10" to .15" gap exists between end of insulation and the terminal's wire barrel.
If the terminal you're about to apply seems too loose, get a short piece of 14 or 12 AWG
house wire and strip off the insulation to get a bare strand of solid copper wire. Cut a
piece of wire about a half inch long and use a file or sanding disk to sharpen the end.
My favorite tool is a cutoff wheel in a hand- held hobby motor.
Push the wedge into the end of stranding - toward the center clear of the terminal barrel
as shown in figure 2. If it's still too loose, you can try a second wedge, make bigger
wedges from 10AWG or 8 AWG solid wire, or find the right size terminal! The only
caution I'll urge with wedging is that some terminals are not brazed shut at the joint
where the barrel is formed from the flat stamping. Aggressive wedging can spread the
barrel open.
Now, you're almost ready to solder. Check the clocking of the terminal. This means that
the terminal should be oriented with respect to twist on the wire so that the terminal will
drop onto it's mating stud without twisting the wire. Oh yeah, you do know that the parts
to be soldered need to be clean? If the terminals have been laying around in a junk box
for 10 years or if the wedge wire is less than shiny, use Scotchbrite pads or similar to
brighten things up before assembly.
Now comes the fun part. You've got a range of choices for sources of heat to flow the
solder. I've used an ordinary propane torch adjusted to a very small, inner blue flame of
about 1/4". If your work area is VERY free of drafts (moving air cools your work rapidly)
you can use one of those little butane torches.
You can also use a soldering iron with as few as 50 watts of heat capacity - IF it's a
small 50 watt iron that gets all the heat out to the tip. My favorite is an Ungar handle
with screw-in heating elements. We used to have similar tools for "wood burning" art
when I was a kid. They may still sell these tools in craft shops. The solder you're going
to use will be electronic grade 60/40 or 63/37 alloy with a rosin core. The ideal size is
the .062" diameter.
Poor torch technique can make it look like you tried to clone the Mona Lisa with a paint
roller so listen up. If you use a propane torch, heat for this task is always applied on the
back side of the terminal about even with the tongue end of the wire barrel (Figure 4).
Angle of the applied flame should blow hot gasses away from the wire's insulation (If
you're using a soldering iron or tiny butane torch, you can move the heat source around

the barrel so that it's opposite where the solder is going in). About 10-15 seconds after
initial application of heat, feed solder into the space between wire strands and the
terminal barrel. Start out immediately opposite the flame. Molten solder is the conductor
of heat from barrel to strands; after the first inch or so of solder has been fed into the
joint, start around the barrel always pushing it into the space between wire and barrel
until about 6" of solder have been fed into the joint. Now, you're almost done. Turn your
attention to the other end of the barrel where we left a "window" between insulation and
barrel; keep feeding solder in and watch for the appearance of solder which will flow by
capillary action to the wire end of the barrel. Don't be surprised if it takes 10" or more
of .062 diameter solder to finished the joint! Resist the urge to feed solder into the other
wire end.
When solder first appears at the wire end, reduce the heat and see how the exposed
stranding looks at the cut end. If the stranding matrix isn't filled with solder, you can now
begin to feed solder directly into the stranding wherever the solder has not already
flowed. As soon as the ends appear "covered" you can take the heat off. A little
"toasting" of the insulation may be unavoidable. Trim away the lumps with a knife and
go to the next step.
Let it cool, wipe down with rag or paper towel wet with acetone or lacquer thinner. The
insulation may pull back from the joint a little bit; put the heat shrink in place over the
barrel and shrink down to finish the joint.
Sources for materials and tools:
Heat shrink tubing is commonly stocked by electronic and automotive parts houses. I
prefer double-walled products with an inner-wall of melting sealant.
Terminals should be tin plated solid copper. Electrical supply houses will have big'uns
both insulated and uninsulated.
Irrespective of what the supplier says the matching wire gage is for any terminal he
offers, you're more interested in how well it fits before crimping. Take a piece of stripped
wire with you when you shop for terminals.
Small quantities of electronic grade solder are available from Radio Shack, electronic
supply houses will want to sell you a full pound. If you do invest in a pound spool, I
recommend Kester Resin 44 in a 63/37 alloy and .032 diameter. This is a good all
around size for OTHER soldering jobs. For soldering big terminals, take four, 12"
strands of .032" solder and twist them together to make solder stock.
The AeroElectric Connection stocks fat wire termination kits, which include terminal,
double wall heat shrink, wedges and solder.
A hardware variety propane torch can be used with care. An electric soldering iron is
probably ideal and easier to control. Check with electronic tools supply stores and

hobby/craft stores. You need the concentrated-heat 45-60 watt type tools shown in
Figure 3. The little butane hand torch is also a good choice. It's slow but you're not in a
hurry and It's very unlikely to over-heat the joint. This little guy does need a draft-free
workspace to do the job.
Check hobby shops for heat guns used to shrink model airplane covering. They cost
about $20.
-------------------------------------------------------- -Copyright 1998 Robert L. Nuckolls, III, Wichita, Kansas. All rights reserved. This
document may be reproduced electronically or mechanically for distribution in a not-for
profit, educational endeavor if it is published in its entirety and without modification.
Here are the "rules" by which Bob Nuckolls would wire his own airplane:
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RULE 1: First choice for joining/terminating any wires up through 22 through 12AWG
are PIDG style terminals as described in
http://www.aeroelectric.com/articles/terminal.pdf
using tools like
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#rct-1
or better.
--------------------------RULE 2: Where there is a choice, I would select fast-ons over threaded fasteners in the
22 to 12 AWG range using terminals like
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/wiring.html#faston
with features as explained in
http://www.aeroelectric.com/articles/faston3.pdf
--------------------------RULE 3: When I have to live with a treaded fastener, then these terminals are in
order . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/wiring.html#s816p
---------------------------RULE 4: For wires larger than 12AWG, then I would solder and heat shrink joints as
described in . .

http://www.aeroelectric.com/articles/big_term.pdf
Using materials like . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/s812.jpg
which are supplied with double-wall heat shrink for finishing.
------------------------------RULE 5A: Permanent splicing of single conductors to be accomplished with butt splices
like . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/s816.jpg
RULE 5B: but if it was deemed desirable to break the splice open for future
convenience, a knife splice and heat shrink would be used thusly:
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/ksplc2.jpg
------------------------------RULE 6: When the accessory items are supplied with nylon connectors like AMP Maten-Lock or Molex, pins are installed with a tool like:
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#bct-1
used thusly . . .
http://216.55.140.222/articles/matenlok/matenlok.html
These connectors would only be used as an accommodation for the use of an
accessory that comes with them already installed. They are not my connector style of
choice for any other applications.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- RULE 7A: When working with accessories supplied with D-sub connectors, the first
choice of mating connectors is the removable pin variety that will accept machined pins
like:
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/connect/connect.html#S604
installed with a tool like

http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#rct-3
and removed with a tool like . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#dse-1
RULE 7B: if for any reason the crimped-pin mating d-sub is not available, then soldering
is my second choice using techniques described in . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/articles/dsubs/d_solder.html
and tools like
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#s101_1
or better
RULE 7C: If options 7A and 7B are not practical, then the lowest order choice for
working with d-subs is open barrel crimped pins installed with tools and techniques like
those described in RULE 6.
----------------------------------------RULE 8: Installation of connectors on coaxial cables to antennas are installed per
http://www.aeroelectric.com/articles/bnccrimp.pdf
using tool . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/tools/tools.html#rct-2
and wire . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/antenna/antenna.html#rg-400
and connectors . . .
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/antenna/antenna.html
------------------------------------------RULE 9: A single point ground system shall be established behind the instrument panel
with sufficient attach points for all accessories in the cockpit area. In deference to RULE
2, a forest-of-fast-on-tabs ground block similar to:

http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/wiring.html#gndblk
The threaded stud on the ground block assembly would penetrate the firewall and be
used to terminate battery (-) leads on either side of firewall and the crankcase ground
strap on the engine side of the firewall.
In the case of canard pushers with the battery up front, the ground bus would be
mounted forward of the instrument panel. If the airplane's firewall is metallic, then a
brass bolt and appropriate washers and nuts would be used to provide an engine
compartment ground stud and connection of the ground lead to the firewall. A ground
strap will be used to connect the crankcase to the firewall ground stud.
http://www.aeroelectric.com/Catalog/wiring/wiring.html#bbs
Any ground straps provided around the rubber biscuits of an engine mount will be
removed. Engine mounts are for holding engines on airplanes and not use for any part
of the electrical system.
RULE 10: Tefzel wire used throughout with the exception of cranking circuit fat wires
where 4AWG or 2AWG welding cable would be used. An alternative FAT wire could be
one of the new copper-clad aluminum wires. These new materials can be soldered and
crimped.
Caution
To get the same electrical performance, you need to use about 2AWG steps larger wire
than for copper but the installed wire will still be lighter.
In parallel universes, there are differing rules which may well prove to be as useful or
perhaps even better than those cited in Bob's universe. With what Bob has learned up
to and including Sunday, October 27, 2002 the rules cited above are his personal
choices for practical, solid techniques using moderately priced materials, and tools.
Adherence to these rules is likely to produce an electrical system where (1) component
wear-out and failure are the sole causes for maintenance, and (2) the wiring can be
expected to perform as intended over the life of the airplane.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ -Crimping or Soldiering Electrical Terminals
It's worth noting that, at least with smaller wiring, the 'experts' are split. King terminals
remain crimp-on, while Garmin and others utilize pins with solder cups. The latter simply
can't be crimped. I've seen King terminals pull loose during Avionics upgrades. Properly
soldered terminals won't do that. Nor do properly soldered wires become brittle.
Here's my technique:
1) Make sure wires to be soldered are perfectly clean. If you stripped them yesterday,

cut and strip again today. Don't handle bare wire with dirty hands - wash first. No
grease, no oil, nothing.
2) Use liquid flux on the bare wire and terminal and apply it with a small, clean brush
wherever you want solder to stick. The brush-in-bottle kind is perfect. Use flux designed
specifically for electronics that does not leave a residue after soldering. Details on the
bottle.
3) Immediately tin the wire and terminal, or both wires if it's a wire-to-wire joint. Tinning
means to apply just enough solder to coat the area to be soldered on a terminal, or to
turn the stripped portion of the wire a bright silver prior to putting the two pieces
together.
Wire will 'wick' the solder up; you don't have to move it around. Use a damp sponge to
clean the iron, put a small dab of new solder on the tip, and transfer heat through that
dab of solder. If the liquid flux had time to dry before you tin, start over.
4) Use an appropriate wattage, 40 for larger wires and terminals, 25 for everything
smaller. If you need a torch for electrical work, you don't need solder. Be patient with
your iron and give it time to properly heat. Never solder with a warm iron.
5) Don't use too much solder or take too long at it. It doesn't take much of either to tin
using this technique. You should not have blobs of solder anywhere, nor should you
singe any insulation.
6) You never have to put a curve in a solder joint. The wire is always tinned straight. To
solder two pieces of wire together, just place the tinned ends side by side and heat
briefly. No additional solder is needed.
7) I prefer 63/37, because it has a very narrow liquid to solid heat range. If you move a
solder joint after removing the heat and before it's solid, you may have fractured the
joint. This may not be visible externally.
8) Even though there is no requirement to clean the residue after soldering, I keep a
small bottle of alcohol and some q-tips and cotton swabs handy to clean the area
afterwards. Not necessary, but professional. The liquid flux becomes sticky and
whatever it drips on will hold dirt.
9) Always use shrink tubing to protect your solder joints where possible. Use the good
stuff that starts out very flexible. The stiff, shiny radio shack stuff becomes too brittle
after heating. If you forget to slide it on before soldering a joint and can't get it on
afterwards, take the joint apart and start over.
Don't use electrical tape for any reason on any solder joint; it will not age well.
[Liquid tape seems to work.]

Don't use a match or torch on heat shrink; use a heat gun, and use just enough heat.
You don't want the shrink tube to become brittle or to split. If a joint has sharp edges,
smooth these before applying the shrink tube so the edge doesn't work through the tube
over time.
10) As in all skills, practice makes perfect. Practice on loose bits of wire when you aren't
trying to install a $7,000 radio in time to impress your friends at that really cool fly-in.
11) Finally, use heat sinks whenever you are working around delicate equipment. I
usually use forceps.
Note that 63/37 solder has a melting point of 361 degrees Fahrenheit. CHTs routinely
exceed 361F in air-cooled engines, and all exhaust systems do. That's why I wouldn't
use a solder joint close to the engine exhaust.
Apart from the heat aspect, solder connections on really large wires are not necessary.
When you're working with large hunks of metal and big wires crimping is effective, and
for really large joints you'd have to use a torch. That's OK for plumbing, not for
electronics. You never want to heat insulation or components that much.
Len Johnson <lgjohnson@adelphia.net>
-------------------------------- -There is a lot of neat stuff on wiring at http://www.terminaltown.com/, which is run by
some people who know homebuilders and their needs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --

12.0 FAA Identifier Codes -- For filing flight plans:

Cozy = COZY,
Defiant = DEFI,
Solitaire = SOLI,
VariEze = VEZE
Long-EZ = LGEZ,
Velocity = VELO,
Berkut = BKUT
VariViggen = VVIG.
There are other designations such as RV6 etc., but just those for the composite canards
are included here.

If in doubt, these general codes apply:

HXA for cruise speeds less than 100 KIAS,
HXB for cruise speeds 100 199KIAS,
HXC for those with cruise speeds above 200KIAS.
These are from recent changes to the FAA controllers handbook. Many controllers do
not know much about homebuilts, and they may ask what type you are. See next
paragraph.
APPROACHING TOWER CONTROLLED AIRPORTS
In call-ups to tower controllers, give call-up as Long-EZ 12345, not Experimental 12345.
This was explained to me at one of Americas busiest airport towers. They prefer that we
announce on call-up the type of aircraft so they know your airspeed for spacing.
Experimental aircraft can have airspeeds from 40 knots to 500 knots. Saying
Experimental gives them no useful information.

13.0 Slow Flying Can Be a Lifesaver

Slow Flying Can Be A Lifesaver

Kinetic Energy Is The Killer in An Emergency Landing!
"If an engine-out landing is unavoidable, check wind direction,
choose your landing area, and establish your glide at 70 to 75
knots.... Your landing gear should be down, even for an
off-airport landing in rough terrain or water."
"Long-EZ Owner's Manual", p 22
Every homebuilt is an individual flying machine, but an engine out emergency risk
applies to all. You can determine minimum air speed and descent rate for your aircraft
by testing your skills and your aircraft flight response at a safe altitude. Impact speed
and aircraft weight affect survival probability. Expect a rough field landing to rip off the
landing gear at touchdown.
It is possible to reduce this impact speed even more. An EZ can fly slowly. Practicing
above 3,000 feet AGL enables us to learn to fly controlled, shallow turns while the plane
mushes down with throttle closed, nose high, full aft trim, and full aft stick. It is very

important that the weight and balance be within the CG envelope established by Rutan
to avoid a deep stall in this unusual attitude.
The canard and main wing will be stalled, but you can control the plane with rudders
(WWII Army Air Corps "falling leaf" maneuver). You can overpower the built-in pitch and
recover action of the canard that maintains flying speed when flying straight and level at
slow speed. This maneuver requires practice, preferably before an
engine-out occurs. My Long-EZ descends at 600 feet per minute in this attitude.
The Long-EZ has a take-off weight limit of 1,425 pounds. The upper weight limit
increases the kinetic energy factor in an off-field, emergency landing. However, weight
does not increase the risk as dramatically as does high impact speed. (See table
below.)
The air speed indicator will be inaccurate due to the high angle of attack. I tried to check
the true air speed with this exaggerated nose-up attitude with a friend flying a
Taylorcraft. Gradually, I pulled away from him as he maintained 50 mph. My forward
speed was less than the normal landing speed of 70 knots, probably around 55 knots.
My inaccurate air speed indicator indicated about 40 knots.
The lower impact force at 55 knots combined with the strength of the airframe should
protect pilot and passenger at the lower speed. Increasing air speed by 13 knots could
be a killer.
The 600 feet per minute descent rate is only 10 feet per second, which is less speed
than Army paratroopers descend during their jumps. The 1947 Army 28 feet parachutes
descended at 12-20 feet per second, depending on the weight of the paratrooper and
equipment. The EZ gear should absorb most of the vertical impact, even if it is ripped off
by forward speed.
Kinetic Energy Is The Killer in An Emergency Landing!
High Impact Speed is the most dangerous variable.
Kinetic Energy Formula: Energy = Weight/2 x Velocity Squared
A 40% increase in speed almost doubles the kinetic energy.
A 40% increase in weight increases the kinetic energy by 40%.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Weight
(lbs.)
1,000
1,000

Velocity Kinetic
(mph) (kts)
50
55

43
47

Multiple
Energy
1,250,000
1,512,500

Multiple
(same weight) (same speed)
Adding 20 mph.
almost doubles

1,000
1,000
1,000
1,200
1,200
1,300
1,300
1,400
1,400

60
65
70
50
70
50
70
50
70

52
55
60
43
60
43
60
43
60

1,800,000
2,112,500
2,450,000
1,500,000
2,940,000
1,625,000
3,185,000
1,750,000
3,430,000

1.96

kinetic energy
at any weight.
1.0

1.96

1.2

1.96

1.3

1.96

1.4

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -Compare 1,000 lbs at 50 mph and 1,400 lbs at 70 mph

Kinetic Energy: 1,250,000 3,430,000 = 2.744
Although weight and speed are within limits, higher speed increases
kinetic energy by almost three times!
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --

13.1 Miscellaneous measurements

Rudder deflection: 2.10.1" (533 mm) trailing edge outwards when pedal
fully depressed. Apply 5 lb on trailing edge to remove slack
Elevator deflections: 222 trailing edge down, 202 trailing edge up
Aileron deflections: 1.90.3" (48 8 mm) trailing edge up and down at
outer end
Propeller torque: 180-250 in lb. Make sure the bolts don't bottom out. Before mounting
the propeller, screw in lug bolt until it bottoms and count the threads extending
beyond the pressure plate. Then, mount the propeller and torque the bolts. You
must have less threads showing.
Wing bolt torque: little
Main wheel tire pressure: 45 - 50 psi (500 x 5 and 6 or 10 ply)
Front wheel tire pressure: 45 psi.
Shimmy damper: 3-5 lb at wheel axle
Torque, spark plug: 25-30 ft lb (300-360 in lb)

Landing Speed: Pattern - 80 kts, and over the Threshold - 70 kts

13.2 Storage - Pickling the Engine

Engine Pickling for long term storage
From: Ken Miller <kenmiller@optonline.net>
If the engine is on the airplane, remove the plugs and drain the oil. Spray the
cylinders liberally with LPS2 while turning the prop.
Optional:
Pull the rocker covers and turn the engine until you can pull the rocker shafts. Leave the
rockers in place and re-install the covers. Immerse the shafts in a coffee can filled with
oil. Put desiccant plugs in the cylinders, safety-wire the prop or flange and don't touch it.
If the engine is off the airplane, get a large pickup tire and place the engine upside
down on the tire. Do the LPS2 trick as above, then get a case of the cheapest auto oil
you can buy and fill the engine to the top using the engine drain plug hole. Seal off the
exhaust ports after squirting them with LPS.
Ken Miller, A&P
EAA Tech and Flight Advisor
Long Island, NY http://www.long-ez.com/

14 Nitrogen and Oxygen

Nitrogen Considerations
There is a new breathing problem with the advent of the high rate of climb of 250+
horsepower, non-pressurized homebuilts. You are at risk if your aircraft can maintain
over 1,000 feet per minute climb to 20,000 feet in an unpressurized aircraft.
Sustained rates of climb in excess of 2,000 feet per minute are possible with the Glasair
and Lancair type of aircraft. Total time to climb to 20,000 feet can be less than 10
minutes. The problem: the average person's body cannot adapt to that change of
altitude in that short time period.
It takes at least 20 minutes for the body to adjust to that change. The problem is
nitrogen gas bubbles in the body. This is called "the Bends", the same problem that can

occur in deep sea diving. Extreme pain can occur and if nitrogen gas bubbles occur in
the brain, death can result. Climbing to 25,000 feet increases the possibility of the
bends even more. Some people may make it to 20,000 feet OK, but an even greater
number of people may not make it to 25,000 feet in short time periods. To make things
worse, there are no FAA requirements or recommendations about the effects of high
rates of climb, and few CFIs even know this.
Hopefully the FAA and the manufacturers of these aircraft will advise pilots about the
problem. There are two ways to solve the problem for most situations. One is to limit the
climb rate to 20,000 feet to less than 1,000 feet per minute. The other suggestion is to
start using oxygen as soon as you start the engine, and let your body start adapting
sooner.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----

Excerpt from an Internet Article on Hypoxia

Oxygen
Oxygen Flow Requirement = 1 liter per minute for each 10,000 feet.
New surge or pulse systems lengthen endurance of bottled oxygen for low demand use.
Oxygen - Are there differences is commercial oxygen sources?
They say that medical oxygen has more moisture in it. That is partly true.
The oxygen going to a hospital bed is plain oxygen that comes from liquid oxygen. At
the bed location, there is a unit on the wall that adds moisture. At this moment, it
becomes medical oxygen.
If the oxygen is in a pressure vessel or in a manifold system (like inside a hospital) then
it is regular oxygen. The cost of medical or welding oxygen is normally much less than
the oxygen you get at an airport.
In the San Diego, CA area in 2002, to refill a small oxygen bottle costs:
Aviation FBO on Airport
Welding supply
Medical oxygen source

$26
(Labor cost, they say.)
$15
$11.50

Medical sources require a prescription to dispense oxygen. The medical supplier in San
Diego accepted the prescription, then said I could get only one fill for the one
prescription. They interpreted the instructions for using as needed to mean amount of
oxygen flow. The next prescription (good for one year) must state 99 refills, the
maximum number of refills permitted during the next year. To refill in another city, I must
have a separate prescription to present for each refill.

A welding source must fill the bottle through a non-medical valve.

Apparently, the bottom line about the different suppliers of oxygen is in the insurance
liability of the oxygen supplier. The gas is the same but the insurance liability is different.
The suppliers of welding oxygen claim the purity level required for welding and cutting
purposes is more critical than just for breathing.
Aluminum oxygen cylinders should be hydrostatically tested every 5 years. The hydro
test cost at a San Diego, CA welding supply center was $13.50 (October 2002).
Steel cylinders are usually tested every 10 years. Specially constructed oxygen
cylinders could have a shorter period for hydrostatically testing. There could also be a
limit on how long the cylinder may be used when it was supplied as original equipment
with a factory installed, built in oxygen system. Most cylinders can be used indefinitely.
However, some aircraft may be required to
replace the cylinders after 25 years. Factory supplied built in oxygen systems will have
the necessary maintenance information in the aircraft manual.
Around the neck of the cylinder are letters and numbers stamped into the cylinder. Of
importance to the pilot are three items.
1) At the beginning of the numbers are the letters, DOT. This indicates that the cylinder
has been approved by the Department of Transportation, which means they can be
commercially filled. European cylinders may not have the DOT stamped on the cylinder.
This could prevent the cylinder from being refilled in the USA. Owners of imported
aircraft from Europe should be aware of this problem.
2) After the DOT label, there will be 4 numbers. These indicate the rate cylinder
pressure; 2015 and 2216 are common.
3) After the end of all the numbers will be two numbers followed by a letter that looks
like an inverted capital A and then two more numbers. This is the date of manufacture of
the cylinder. The first numbers are the month (03 for example would be March) and the
last two being the year of manufacture (96 for would be for 1996).
The date testing required is based on this date, not when the cylinder was purchased.
WARNING:
An instructor warned against the excessive use of lipstick and Chapstick type material
on lips when using oxygen. He also said the you should not eat peanuts during the use
of oxygen. In both cases, the excess oil along with ignition by a static electricity spark
could cause a potential reaction with oxygen. This reaction is called "fire."

ADDENDUM
EXPERIMENTAL AIRCRAFT SALES AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made and entered into on this day, ___/___/_____ , by and between
________________________ (hereinafter "seller") and _________________________
(hereinafter "buyer") as follows:
1. Seller agrees to sell and buyer agrees to buy seller's Long-EZ, N_________,
(hereinafter "aircraft"). This sale includes all installed equipment as well as all logbooks
or other records in the sellers possession relating to the operation and maintenance of
the aircraft.
2. The purchase price of the aircraft is $__________ payable in certified funds on or
before the delivery of the aircraft.
3. The seller shall deliver and the buyer shall take possession of the aircraft upon
delivery at _________________ . Actual time of buyers possession is _____________
4. The seller warrants that he owns the aircraft free and clear of all liens and
encumbrances including applicable federal, state, and local taxes. The Seller shall
transfer title for the aircraft to the buyer through an FAA bill of sale document, executed
at the same time as delivery of the aircraft. Any taxes resulting from the sale or transfer
of the aircraft (except taxes on the seller's income) are the sole responsibility of the
buyer.
5. The aircraft is sold ''as is". The seller makes no warranties whatsoever as to the
condition of the aircraft. Specifically, the seller disclaims any warranty for the aircraft,
whether express, implied. Seller makes absolutely no representations, promises,
statements, or warranties, expressed or implied, with respect to the registration, fitness
of the aircraft, or any other condition whatsoever, and Seller shall not be liable to the
buyer for any loss, claim, demand, liability, cost, damage, or expense of any kind
caused by or alleged to be caused, directly or indirectly, or arising out of Buyers
possession or use of the aircraft or the transportation thereof, or any inadequacy or any
defect in such aircraft, or any damage, whatsoever or howsoever caused, and Buyer
agrees to indemnify and hold the seller harmless from and against any and all such
losses, claims, demands, and/or liabilities, from the sale, use, and transportation of said
Aircraft.
6. The buyer acknowledges that the aircraft was constructed and certified by the FAA
under the "Experimental" category. Specifically, the buyer understands and
acknowledges the following:
A. The aircraft was constructed as a "homebuilt" by a person who is not certified by the
FAA as an aircraft manufacturer and in a space or facility that is not certified by the FAA
as an aircraft manufacturing facility. The aircraft was constructed using materials
components and techniques, which are not certified by the FAA. Seller cannot and does
not warrant that the aircraft was built in compliance with any acceptable methods or
procedures set forth by the FAA or any other entity.
B. The buyer has the opportunity to have the aircraft inspected by anyone of buyer's
choosing to make a determination of the airworthiness of the aircraft or for any other
reason. The inspection of the aircraft is solely the responsibility of the buyer and shall

be accomplished at the buyer's expense. The seller shall make the aircraft available to
the buyer for inspection in ___________________ , at any reasonable time and for any
reasonable period. The buyer shall be responsible for any damage to the aircraft while
the aircraft is released to the buyer for inspection. After an inspection is completed, the
buyer may cancel this contract and receive a full refund of any deposit if the buyer
determines that the aircraft has unacceptable deficiencies. If the buyer proceeds with
the sale, however, whether the aircraft was inspected or not, then buyer acknowledges
that the aircraft is being sold and accepted ''as is" with all defects and deficiencies,
whether detected or not.
C. The buyer has the opportunity to review this Agreement with an attorney of buyers
choosing. The buyer's attorney may discuss or negotiate the modification of this
contract with the seller's attorney at any time before it is executed (signed) by the
parties.
D. As an Experimental aircraft, the aircraft does not meet the specifications or
requirements of aircraft certified by the FAA in the normal or standard categories. The
aircraft may therefore possess flight characteristics which are below FAA standards and
which may be unsafe or unreasonably dangerous. Operation of the aircraft, even by
fully qualified and certified pilots may result in injury or even death. The buyer fully
recognizes these facts and-assumes full responsibility for the operation of the aircraft
after it is delivered to buyer.
7. In the event the buyer sells or otherwise transfers title or ownership of the aircraft to
any other entity, buyer shall include in any sales agreement the exact terms set out in
paragraph 6 above. Additionally, buyer shall fully inform any pilot of the aircraft of the
terms set out in paragraph 6-D above before flight.
8. The buyer shall fully indemnify and hold seller harmless from any claim, complaint or
cause of action, including all damages and costs of defense, resulting from operation of
the aircraft after it is delivered to buyer.
9. This is the entire agreement between the parties in connection with the subject
aircraft. No other terms or conditions shall apply to this Agreement. In entering into this
Agreement, neither party relies on any representations other than those specifically set
out in this Agreement. This Agreement can only be modified in writing, signed by both
parties.
10. This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of ___________. The
parties agree that any lawsuit concerning this Agreement or the operation or ownership
of the aircraft shall only be brought in the State of ______________ in the county of
seller's residence.
SIGNED, SEALED AND DELIVERED on the date set out above.
SELLER
BUYER
______________________________
____________________________
Print
Print
______________________________
_____________________________
Sign
Sign
______________________________
_____________________________
Witness

Witness

CONDITIONAL INSPECTION LONG-EZ

N ___________________ Date _________________ Expires: _________________
PREPARATION
Remove:
Canard
Cowlings
Wheel Pants
Hell Hole Cover over Main Gear
Wing Attachment Covers
Propeller Spinner
Propeller Bolt Safety Wires
FUSELAGE
Lights landing, position, and strobe _______________________________
Drag Brake ___________________________________________________
Pitot Tube _____________________________________________________
Fuel Vents, clear _______________________________________________
Fuel caps and seals, lubricate O rings _____________________________
Canopy Hinges ________________________________________________
Canopy seals __________________________________________________
Static ports and system __________________________________________
Nose bumper secure __________________________________________
Dry Lubricate nose gear friction plate _______________________________
Check nose wheel shimmy dampener (2-4 pounds) ____________________
Check paint cracks and cause _____________________________________
Rudder and cable connections (Rudder throw 2.1 inch maximum) _______
Elevator trim friction and cables ____________________________________
Aileron and rudder hinge pins _____________________________________
Thump test (use $0.25) - delamination of fuselage, wings, and canard _____
Brake line and cables ____________________________________________
CABIN AND COCKPIT AREA
Clean interior __________________________________________________
Seat belts check security and wear _______________________________
Upholstery and headrest _________________________________________
Instruments operational __________________________________________
Liquid Compass add mineral spirits or kerosene _____________________
Warning system canopy latch and gear ____________________________
Canopy latch operation (Check safety catch) _________________________
Have second person check each canopy latch for correct movement and no binding.
Flight Controls, check for play and lubricate __________________________
Fuel valve ease of operation and leaks ____________________________
Fuel sight tubes ________________________________________________

Rudder/brake cables and connections ______________________________

Battery connections/corrosion and fluid level _________________________
WINGS
Check wing bolts _______________________________________________
Check spacing washer(s), if any ___________________________________
ENGINE AREA
Oil leaks ______________________________________________________
Fuel leaks _____________________________________________________
Fuel filter ______________________________________________________
Cylinder compression: 1 - ________ 2 - ________ 3 - ________ 4 -________
Engine Oil
Change (oil and filter) __________________________________________
Analyze oil sample ____________________________________________
Check screens for metal ________________________________________
Drain carburetor sediment bowl ___________________________________
Clean fuel strainer bowl _________________________________________
Carburetor screws 40-50 in. pounds; Carburetor drain plug 144 in. pounds
Brake fluid fill reservoirs _________________________________________
Engine Mounts:
Secure ______________________________________________________
Free of Cracks ________________________________________________
Engine Controls cables and adjustments
Throttle ______________________________________________________
Mixture _______________________________________________________
Carburetor Heat ________________________________________________
Hoses ______________________________________________________
Clamps _____________________________________________________
Air Filter replace _____________________________________________
Vacuum Filter ________________________________________________
Engine Baffles ________________________________________________
Spark Plugs (Clean and gap or replace - Spark plug gap - .017) _________
Spark plug torque 420 inch pounds
Cowl Mounting Replace worn nut plates and screws _________________
Exhaust System
Springs, pipes, supports _______________________________________
Valve cover Rocker box screws torque 50 inch pounds _____________
Check and adjust valve tappets - .008 hot; .010 cold ________________
Valve gaskets (20 inch pounds torque)
Landing Gear
Gear tabs and mounting bolts ___________________________________
Gear spread and track _________________________________________
Tires: Wear/pressure (5.00x5/10 45 lbs. pressure; nose also 45 lbs.) _____

Wheel bearings, clean and grease (three wheels) ____________________

Nose Gear
Retraction ________________________________________________
Check down lock ___________________________________________
Clean and grease cam track __________________________________
Dry lubricate pivot axle ______________________________________
Check nose wheel well doors _________________________________
Check shimmy damper friction (2-4 lbs.) _________________________
Brakes: Clean and check pad wear within 0.1-inch ____________________
Clean and dry lubricate brake cylinder pins _______________________
Check line from master cylinders to wheel ________________________
Canard and Elevator
Check hinges for corrosion, wear, and lubricate ____________________
Check canard attach bolts _____________________________________
Check attach tabs for corrosion and cracks ________________________
Canard alignment pins ________________________________________
Canard opening seals for clearance and fit ________________________
Propeller
(See Bruce Tifft care sheet, Paragraph 6.4 above for wood prop repair hints)
Inspect for cracks and nicks ___________________________________
Check balance and track _____________________________________
Check blades and hub for cracks _______________________________
Check spinner for alignment and cracks __________________________
After reinstalling spinner, check run out __________________________
Check engine flange, extension, and bolts ________________________
Tifft prop torque 180 inch pounds (15 ft. lbs.) ____________________
(Up to 350 in. lbs. on one side for track alignment)
Follow your prop manufacturers instructions
Electronics
Check operation ____________________________________________
Clean/check connections and plugs _____________________________
Check VOR/ILS accuracy _____________________________________
Transponder check __________________________________________
ELT check operation and replace battery (24 months) _______________
Marker beacon (sensitivity, beacon lights, dim/bright) _______________
Intercom operation __________________________________________
Instrument and panel lights ____________________________________
Inspect wiring for loose connections, corrosion, and wear ____________
Documents Required

Weight and Balance _________________________________________

Aircraft Registration _________________________________________
Pilots Operating Handbook ___________________________________
Air Worthiness Certificate _____________________________________
Miscellaneous
24 month check - static system, VOR, ELT battery, altimeter __________
Log-Book entry (wording) for Conditional (Annual) Inspection sign-off:
The entry will include the aircraft total time in service, and the name, signature,
certificate number, and type of certificate held by the person performing the inspection.
"I certify that this aircraft has been inspected on __________ (insert date) in accordance
with the scope and detail of appendix D to part 43 and found to be in a condition for safe
operation."
Time: Total Airframe __________ Total Engine __________ TE since OH __________
Date Inspection Completed: ______________________
Signature: __________________ Certificate Number: ____________ Type: _________
Print Name: ________________________