WORD CHOICE: NOUNS

box noun / bks / a container for putting things in, especially one with four stiff straight sides
cardboard/wooden/plastic etc box
toolbox/shoebox/matchbox etc (=a box used for keeping tools etc in)
a strong cardboard box

bag

noun / bg / a container made of paper, cloth, or thin plastic which usually opens at the top
a paper bag
a plastic bag

can noun / kn / [countable] a metal container in which food or drink is preserved without air
a Coke can
a can of hairspray
All we've got is a couple of cans of soup.

probation noun / pr'ben

/ [uncountable] a period of time, during which an employer can see if a new

worker is suitable

on probation
a three month probation period
All new employees are on probation for nine months.

timing noun [uncountable] the skill of doing something at exactly the right time
He was just walking into the restaurant when we got there. Perfect timing.

era

noun /'r / [countable] a period of time in history that is known for a particular event, or for particular

qualities

era of
We live in an era of instant communication.
His death marked the end of an era.
the Victorian era

lane

noun / len / [countable] one of the two or three parallel areas on a road which are divided by painted

lines to keep traffic apart

the inside/middle/outside lane

the fast/slow lane
Cars in the fast lane were traveling at over 80 miles an hour.
three-lane motorway/highway/road

announcement noun / 'nansmnt / [countable] an important or official statement

1

 announcement about something

announcement that
Dillon made the announcement at a news conference.
an important announcement about tax increases
We were shocked by the announcement that the mayor was resigning.

commerce noun / kms / [uncountable] trade

The Nashville Chamber of Commerce sponsored the event.

negotiation noun / ngi 'en /

official discussions between the representatives of opposing groups who

are trying to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics

negotiation (with/between someone) (on/over something)
open/enter into negotiations (with somebody) (=start official discussions)
The negotiations with the company had reached a crucial stage.
He is trying to involve community leaders in negotiations on reform.
The government opened negotiations with the IMF for another loan.

deal noun / dil / [countable] an agreement, especially in business or politics, that helps both sides involved
deal with/between someone
They made a deal to sell the land to a property developer.
The company had struck a deal with Microsoft to market its products
Twelve US soldiers were released after a deal between the army and the guerillas.

terminal noun

[countable] a big building where people wait to get onto planes, buses, or ships, or where

goods are loaded

the airport's passenger terminal
ferry/bus terminal

salon noun / 'sln / [countable] a shop where you can get your hair washed, cut, curled etc
hair/beauty salon
an exclusive hair salon in central London

lounge

noun / land / [countable]

1. a waiting room at an airport

the departure lounge
2. a public room in a hotel or other building, that is used by many people as a place to relax
the television lounge

compensation noun / kmpn 'sen / [uncountable] money paid to someone because they have suffered
injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged

compensation for something

compensation from something/someone
2

 in compensation
as compensation
demand/seek/claim compensation
award/grant compensation
compensation for injuries at work
She received compensation from the government for the damage caused to her property.
The jury awarded Tyler $1.7 million in compensation.
The workers were given 30 days' pay as compensation.
The parents are seeking compensation for birth defects caused by the drug.
The court awarded Jamieson 30,000 compensation.

reimburse verb / rim'bs / [transitive] to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent
reimburse somebody for something
The company will reimburse you for travel expenses.

WORD CHOICE: VERBS

neglect

verb / n'glekt /

1. to pay too little attention to something

 The police officer was accused of neglecting his duty.

2. neglect to do something to not do something
You neglected to mention that they had a second album released during 1991.

schedule verb / 'skedl /

[transitive usually passive] to plan that something will happen at a particular time

be scheduled for June/Monday etc

be scheduled for release/publication/completion etc
be scheduled to do something
The elections are scheduled for mid-June.
Her first album is scheduled for release in September.
Meetings are scheduled to take place all over the country.

make a left/right turn

Make a left turn at the station.

turn left/right
Turn left at the church.

attend verb

to go to an event such as a meeting or a class

attend (ceremony, church, class, college, conference, course, funeral, lecture, meeting,
party, rally, school, seminar)
Only 12 people attended the meeting.
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.

look into something phrasal verb

investigate
Police are looking into the disappearance of two children.

mind doing something to feel annoyed or upset about something

Did you mind being away from home for so long?
I don't mind driving if you're tired.

object to (doing) something

say that you oppose or disapprove of something

Robson strongly objected to the terms of the contract.
I objected to having to rewrite the article.

take something personally

to get upset by the things other people say or do, because you think that

their remarks or behavior are directed at you in particular

Don't take it personally; she's rude to everyone.

exit

verb formal to leave a place

exit (from/through) something

4

 I exited through a side window.

He exited the courtroom in a fury.

depart verb / d'pt / to leave, especially when you are starting a journey
depart (from) something
depart for something
The train will depart from platform 5.
Flights by Air Europe depart Gatwick on Tuesdays.
Dorothy departed for Germany last week.

move out phrasal verb to leave the house where you are living now in order to go and live somewhere else
opposite move in
He moved out, and a year later they were divorced.

entre noun / 'ntre/ [countable] the main dish of a meal, or a dish served before the main course - used in
restaurants or on formal occasions
an entre of roast duck

recommend

verb / rek'mend / [transitive] to say that something or someone is good, or suggest them for

a particular purpose or job

recommend something to somebody

recommend something for something/somebody
highly/thoroughly recommend
I recommend the butter chicken - it's delicious.
I recommend this book to anyone with an interest in chemistry.
Which type of oil do you recommend for my car?
The hotel is highly recommended.

rehearse verb / r'hs / [intransitive and transitive] to practice or make people practice something such as a
play or concert in order to prepare for a public performance
I think we need to rehearse the first scene again.
The band was rehearsing for their world tour.

WORD CHOICE: ADJECTIVES

assertive adjective / 'stv $ -r- / behaving in a confident way, so that people notice you
The course helps women learn how to be more assertive in the workplace.

stare verb / ste / to look at something or someone for a long time without moving your eyes
stare at
5

 stare (at somebody) in disbelief/amazement/horror etc

What are you staring at?
She stared at me in disbelief.

energetic adjective / en 'detk / having or needing a lot of energy or determination

an energetic man

tepid adjective /'tepd / a feeling, reaction etc that is tepid shows a lack of excitement or interest
a tepid response from the audience

lovable adjective

friendly and attractive

a sweet lovable child

loving adjective

[only before noun] behaving in a way that shows you love someone

loving wife/family/parents etc

What that child needs is plenty of loving care.

beloved adjective / b 'lvd / loved very much by someone

He never recovered from the death of his beloved daughter.

restful adjective peaceful and quiet, making you feel relaxed

restful music

appropriate adjective / 'prprit / correct or suitable for a particular time, situation, or purpose
opposite inappropriate
appropriate for something
it is appropriate (for somebody) to do something
appropriate time/place etc
clothes appropriate for a job interview
It would not be appropriate for me to discuss that now.
I didn't feel that this was an appropriate time to mention the subject of money.

satisfying adjective / 'stsfa / making you feel pleased and happy, especially because you
have got what you wanted
it is satisfying (to do something)
a deeply satisfying feeling
It can be very satisfying to work in the garden.

rewarding

adjective / r'wd / making you feel happy and satisfied because you feel you are doing

something useful or important, even if you do not earn much money

Teaching can be a very rewarding career.

odd adjective / d / strange, unusual

They're an odd couple.
She was holding an extremely odd-looking weapon.

amazing adjective / 'mez/

1. very good, especially in an unexpected way
He's an amazing player to watch.
2. so surprising you can hardly believe it
amazing stories of UFOs

outrage verb [transitive usually passive] to make someone feel very angry and shocked
Customers were outraged by the price increases.

encouraging adjective giving you hope and confidence

So far the results of our tests have been very encouraging.

whole adjective / hl $ hol / [only before noun] entire

You have your whole life ahead of you!
We ate the whole cake in about ten minutes.
I don't believe she's telling us the whole story (=all the facts)
It was months before the whole truth came out.
the whole school/country/village etc (=all the people in a school, country etc)

needy adjective / 'nidi / having very little food or money

a needy family/ people
money to help the needy

costly adjective very expensive, especially wasting a lot of money

Such a database would be extremely costly to set up.

WORD CHOICE: ADVERBS

practically adverb / 'prktkli / almost
I've read practically all of his books.
It's practically impossible to predict what will happen.

stoically adv / 'stkl /

not showing emotion or not complaining when bad things happen to you
She bore the pain stoically.

righteous adjective /'rats / morally good and fair

No matter how good and righteous you think your cause is, you cannot break the law.

acutely adverb / 'kjutli / feeling or noticing something very strongly

be acutely aware/conscious (of/that)
Students are becoming acutely aware that they need more than just paper qualifications.

roughly adverb / 'rfli / about, approximately

There were roughly 200 people there.
two rocks of roughly equal size

obviously adverb / 'bvisli / used to mean that a fact can easily be noticed or understood
We're obviously going to need more help.
Obviously, this is going to take some time.

notably adverb / ntbli / especially, in particular

Some early doctors, notably Hippocrates, thought that diet was important.

critically adverb seriously

critically ill/injured
10 people died and 30 were critically injured in a rail crash yesterday.
She is still critically ill in hospital.

frankly adverb / 'frkli /

used to show that you are saying what you really think about something
Frankly, I think the Internet is overrated.
His behavior was frankly disgraceful.

bluntly adverb speaking in a direct honest way that sometimes upsets people
'You're drunk,' she said bluntly.
To put it bluntly, she's not up to the job.

originally adverb / 'rdnli / in the beginning, before other things happened or before things changed
The family originally came from France.
We originally intended to stay for just a few days.

principally adverb / 'prnspli / mainly

The money is principally invested in stocks and shares.
We met principally to discuss the future of the school.

previously adverb / 'privisli / before now or before a particular time

Almost half the group had previously been heavy smokers.

currently adverb / 'krntli / at the present time

He is currently working on his first novel.

purposely adverb / 'ppsli / deliberately; on purpose

Tom was purposely not invited to the party.

sincerely adverb / sn'sli/ truly

I sincerely hope I'll see her again.
We are sincerely grateful for your help.

reasonably adverb / 'riznbli / [+ adjective/adverb] quite or to a satisfactory degree, but not completely
The car is in reasonably good condition.
He's doing reasonably well at school.

abundantly adverb / 'bndntli / in large quantities

Melons grow abundantly in this region.

newly adverb / 'njuli / very recently

newly elected/formed/arrived etc

the newly appointed director
newly fallen snow

WORD CHOICE: PREPOSITIONS

file

verb to keep papers, documents etc in a particular place so that you can find them easily

file something under something

The contracts are filed alphabetically.
I looked to see if anything was filed under my name.

attach verb / 'tt / to fasten or connect one object to another

attach something to something
the attached form/check/leaflet etc
Attach a recent photograph to your application form.
Please fill in and return the attached reply slip.

invoice

noun /'nvs / [countable] a list of goods that have been supplied or work that has been done,

showing how much you owe for them

They sent him an invoice at the end of the month.

We have received an invoice for $250.

retrieve verb / r 'triv / [transitive] to find something and bring it back

retrieve something from something
She bent down to retrieve her earring.
It took four days to retrieve all the bodies from the crash.

come through

phrasal verb to be made official, especially by having the correct documents officially

approved
I'm still waiting for my divorce to come through.

WORD FORM: NOUN

invest verb /n'vest / to buy shares, property, or goods because you hope that the value will increase and you
can make a profit

invest (something) in something

Oliver made a fortune by investing in antique furniture.
Williams invested a large sum of money in Swiss stocks.
He had invested heavily in the bond market.

investment

noun /n'vestmnt / [uncountable and countable] the use of money to get a profit or to make a

business activity successful, or the money that is used

investment in
investment of
Foreign investment in Taiwan rose by 79% last year.
That year, Japanese investment in American real estate totaled $13.06 billion.
The Postal Service has made a large investment in new technology.
Each of us was required to put up a minimum investment of $5,000.

10

penalty noun / 'penlti / [countable] a punishment for breaking a law, rule, or legal agreement
penalty for
severe/stiff/heavy penalty
Withdrawing the money early will result in a 10% penalty.
The penalty for a first offense is a fine.
Drug dealers face severe penalties.

project noun /'prdekt / [countable] a carefully planned piece of work to get information about something, to
build something, to improve something etc
The project aims to provide an analysis of children's emotions.
a project manager

project / pr'dekt / to calculate what something will be in the future

be projected to do something
The company projected an annual growth rate of 3%.
Total expenditure is projected to rise by 25%.

projection

noun / pr'dekn / calculation about what something will be in the future or was in the past,

based on information available now

He declined to make projections about fourth quarter earnings.
Early projections show a three point lead for the Socialists.

optimal adjective / 'ptml/

the best or most suitable synonym

optimum

The optimum temperature for producing steel is around 1200C.

opt verb / pt / to choose one thing or do one thing instead of another

opt for something
opt to do something
After college, Ruffin opted for the Army over college.
Many young people are opting to go on to college.

option noun / 'pn/ [countable] a choice you can make in a particular situation
option of doing something
There are a number of options available.
She had the option of staying for an extra year.
Teenage mothers often have no option but to live with their parents.

prior adjective / 'pra / previous

You do not need any prior knowledge of the subject.
All the arrangements should be completed prior to your departure.

11

priority

noun /pra'rti / the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything

else

first/top/main priority
priority over something
The club's priority is to win the League.
The children are our first priority.
List your tasks in order of priority
Buses should have priority over other road users.

reliant adjective / r'lant / dependent on someone or something

be reliant on/upon
Most companies are now reliant on computer technology.

reliable adjective / r'labl / someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or depended on
Miller was a quiet and reliable man.

economical adjective / ik'nmkl/ using money, time, goods etc carefully & without wasting any
A small car is more economical to run.
I'd like to buy a car that is more economical on petrol.

WORD FORM: VERBS

substantial adjective /sb'stnl / large in amount or number

synonym

considerable

We have the support of a substantial number of parents.

a substantial salary/ breakfast

substantiate

verb / sb'stniet / [transitive] to prove the truth of something that someone has said,

claimed etc
Katzen offered little evidence to substantiate his claims.

intent adjective / n'tent / to be determined to do something or achieve something

be intent on/upon (doing) something
She was intent on pursuing a career in business.

intent

noun [uncountable] = intention

She behaved foolishly but with good intent.

intend verb /n'tend / [transitive] to have something in your mind as a plan or purpose
intend to do something
intend that
12

 I intend to spend the night there.

It is intended that these meetings will become a regular event.

distract verb / d'strkt / [transitive] to take someone's attention away from something by making them look
at or listen to something else

distract somebody/something from something

Try not to distract the other students.
Coverage of the war was used to distract attention from other matters.

volunteer noun /vln't / [countable] someone who does a job willingly without being paid
Most of the relief work was done by volunteers.

volunteer

verb to offer to do something without expecting any reward

volunteer to do something
volunteer for something
Helen volunteered to have Thanksgiving at her house this year.
No one volunteered for night duty.

WORD FORM: ADJECTIVES

account for something phrasal verb
1. to form a particular amount or part of something
Afro-Americans account for 12% of the US population.
2. explain
Recent pressure at work may account for his behavior.

accountable

adjective / 'kantbl / [not before noun] responsible for the effects of your actions and

willing to explain or be criticized for them

be accountable to
be accountable for
The government should be accountable to all the people of the country.
Managers must be accountable for their decisions.

progressive adjective / pr'gresv / supporting new or modern ideas and methods, especially in politics and
education
a progressive administration

experiment noun / k'spermnt / [countable] a scientific test

experiment with/in/on
experiment to test/see/demonstrate etc something
13

 carry out/perform/do/conduct an experiment

experiments with alcohol-fuelled cars
The researcher sets up experiments to test the hypothesis.
Teachers are shown how to carry out many simple experiments.

experiment

verb to try using various ideas, methods etc to find out how good they are

experiment with/on/in
He experimented with lighter-than-air flight.
The teacher provided some different materials and left the children to experiment.

indicative adjective to be a clear sign that a particular situation exists

be indicative of something
This behavior is indicative of her whole attitude, I'm afraid.

indicate verb /'ndket / [transitive] to show that a particular situation exists

indicate (that)
Research indicates that over 81% of teachers are dissatisfied with their salary.

valid adjective / 'vld / a valid ticket, document, or agreement is legally or officially acceptable
opposite invalid
a valid credit card
Your return ticket is valid for three months.

validate verb / 'vldet / [transitive] = confirm

Many scientists plan to wait until the results of the study are validated by future research.

comprehensive adjective /kmpr'hensv/ = thorough

comprehensive review/study/survey/account etc
a comprehensive guide to British hotels and restaurants
a comprehensive study of alcoholism
comprehensive insurance/cover/policy (car insurance that pays for damage whether it is caused by
you or someone else)

14

WORD FORM: ADVERBS

really adverb / 'rli / = very; actually ;definitely
a really good film
I'm really, really sorry.
Why don't you tell us what really happened?
Oliver's not really her brother.
We really need that extra money.

realistically

adverb / r'lstkli / if you think about something realistically, you think about it in a practical

way and according to what is actually possible

You can't realistically expect to win the whole competition.

periodical noun /pri'dkl / [countable] a magazine, especially one about a serious or technical subject
periodic adjective / pri 'dk/ also periodical

[only before noun] happening a number of times, usually at

regular times
periodic home visits by nurses

periodically / -kli / adverb

Teachers meet periodically to discuss progress.

impressive adjective /m'presv / something that is impressive makes you admire it because it is very good,
large, important etc
Among the guests was an impressive array of authors and critics.

15

 the remains of an impressive Roman villa

impressively adverb
The latest version has an impressively user-friendly interface.

habitual adjective / h'btul / [only before noun]doing something from habit, and unable to stop
habitual criminal/offender/felon etc
habitual drinker/gambler etc
James took his habitual morning walk around the garden.

be/become habituated to (doing) something

to be used to something or gradually become

used to it
Over the centuries, these animals have become habituated to living in a dry environment.

MORE PRACTICE
warehouse noun /'wehas / [countable] a large building for storing large quantities of goods
outhouse noun /'athas / [countable]
1. a small building which is near to and belongs to a larger main building
2. an outdoor toilet

toll noun / tl / [countable]

the money you have to pay to use a particular road, bridge etc
In 1871 they built a toll bridge from the mainland to the island.

monies noun /'mniz / [plural] money

If we are no longer able to provide the holiday you booked, we will return to you all monies paid.

rate noun / ret / [countable]

a charge or payment that is set according to a standard scale

at a rate of something
interest/exchange/mortgage etc rate
rate of pay/tax/interest etc
special/reduced/lower rate
They only pay tax at a rate of 5%.
another reduction in the mortgage rate
Nurses are demanding higher rates of pay.
Some hotels offer special rates for children.

recompense verb / 'rekmpens / [transitive] = compensate

16

 recompense somebody for something

The reason for the lawsuit is to recompense the victims for their injuries.

reimburse verb / rim'bs / [transitive] to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent
reimburse somebody for something
The company will reimburse you for travel expenses.

reprimand verb /'reprmnd / [transitive] = scold, tell off

reprimand somebody for (doing) something
The military court reprimanded him for failing to do his duty.

leave

noun [uncountable] time that you are allowed to spend away from your work

on leave
maternity/sick/compassionate leave
leave of absence (a period of time that you are allowed to spend away from work for a particular
purpose)
Carter is in charge of the office while I'm on leave.
Your basic annual leave is 20 days.
Mr. Caserta took a leave of absence from the company in March 1994.
She's been given leave of absence to attend a computer course.

lengthy adjective a speech, piece of writing etc that is lengthy is long and often contains too many details
a lengthy report

accurate adjective /'kjrt / exact, precise opposite inaccurate

fairly/reasonably accurate
not strictly/entirely/completely accurate
Police believe Derek gave a reasonably accurate account of what happened.
The evidence she gave to the court was not strictly accurate

acute adjective / 'kjut / = very serious

The housing shortage is more acute than first thought.

expel verb / k'spel /

1. to officially force someone to leave a school or organization

expel somebody from something

expel somebody for doing something
Two girls were expelled from school for taking drugs.

17

 He was expelled for making racist remarks.

2. to force a foreigner to leave a country, especially because they have broken the law or for political reasons
Foreign priests were expelled from the country.

handle verb /'hndl / [transitive] to deal with a situation or problem

The headmaster handled the situation very well.
I knew I had handled the matter badly.
Opposition leaders will be watching carefully to see how the Prime Minister handles the crisis.

erroneous adjective / 'rnis/

incorrect
His economic predictions are based on some erroneous assumptions.

factual adjective /'fktul / based on facts or relating to facts

factual information/knowledge/statements etc
Libraries are stores of factual information.

diplomatic adjective / dpl'mtk/

1. relating to or involving the work of diplomats

establish/break off diplomatic relations

Diplomatic efforts to end the fighting began on Oct 25.
The two countries established diplomatic relations last year.
2. dealing with people politely and skillfully without upsetting them
They were always very diplomatic with awkward clients.

18

REVIEW
worth

preposition to have a value in money

be not worth it/ be worth (doing) sth/ be worth it

be worth nothing/not be worth anything
be worth the time/effort/work
The house must be worth quite a lot of money now.
One of the pictures is worth 50,000.
Do you know how much the ring is worth ?
This art collection is worth a fortune.

income noun [uncountable and countable] the money that you earn from your work

annual income
meager income, earnings, wages etc
on a high income
source of income
generate revenue, profits, income etc
income tax
People on a high income should pay more tax.
His annual income is 250,000.
Welfare is their only source of income .
He supplements his income with a part-time bar job.

error noun

a mistake

a serious, grave, fatal error

a computer error / human error
an error in something
make, commit an error
19

retirement noun [uncountable and countable] when you stop working, usually because of your age

in retirement
retirement as/ retirement from
take early retirement
He became a keen golfer after his retirement from politics.
He announced his retirement as chief executive of the company.
She took early retirement.
Dad's approaching retirement age.

shift noun [countable] if workers in a factory, hospital etc work shifts, they work for a particular period of time
during the day or night, and are then replaced by others, so that there are always people working

do/work a (10/12/24 etc hour) shift

a night, day, early, late shift
Dave had to work a 12-hour shift yesterday.
The thought of working night shifts put her off becoming a nurse.

install verb [transitive] put in place

They've installed the new computer network at last.
Security cameras have been installed in the city centre.

interview noun a formal meeting

a job interview
a newspaper, radio, television interview
conduct an interview
He has an interview next Thursday for a job on the Los Angeles Times.
I've got another job interview tomorrow.

oftentimes adverb

often
Oftentimes I have to wait more than twenty minutes for a bus.

pay [uncountable] money that you are given for doing your job
equal pay/ low pay
a pay cut / a pay rise /a rate of pay
Nurses often work long hours for low pay.
Teachers were awarded a 6% pay rise.
They were asked to accept a 4% pay cut.

payment noun the act of paying for something

20

make a payment
monthly payments
on payment of sth
There are severe penalties for late payment of taxes.
Most hotels here accept payment in dollars.
Payment can be made by check or credit card.
We do accept payment in installments.

inhabit verb [transitive] if animals or people inhabit an area or place, they live there
The woods are inhabited by many wild animals.
I have no idea what sort of people inhabit the area

PRACTICE TEST 1
cancel verb [intransitive and transitive] to say that an event that was planned will not happen
cancel an agreement, appointment, booking, concert, contract, engagement, event, holiday,
meeting, order, plan, project, show, subscription, trip, visit

premises noun [plural] the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses
Schools may earn extra money by renting out their premises.
business premise

home

noun PLACE WHERE YOU LIVE

at home/ away from home/ work from/at home

They have a beautiful home in California.
Last night we stayed at home and watched TV.
He was spending more and more time away from home.

home

adverb to or at the place where you live

bring/take somebody/something home

come/ get/ reach/arrive/drive/head/get/go/send/ walk home
take home $120 per week/ $600 a month
Is Sue home from work yet?
We stayed home last night.

homey

adjective pleasant, like home, homely

The restaurant has a relaxed, homey atmosphere.

accompany verb [transitive] to go somewhere with someone

Children under 14 must be accompanied by an adult.
Wherever her husband went, she would accompany him.

21

attend verb [intransitive and transitive] to go to an event such as a meeting or a class

attend a ceremony, church, class, college, a conference, a course, a funeral, a lecture, a
meeting, a party, a seminar
Only 12 people attended the meeting.
Please let us know if you are unable to attend.

assume verb formal to start to have control, responsibility etc or to start in a particular position or job
assume control/responsibility/ the role of
Whoever they appoint will assume responsibility for all financial matters.
He assumed power in a bloody coup in 1990.
Jim Paton will assume the role of managing director.

assign verb [transitive] to give someone a particular job

assign somebody a task/role
I've been assigned the task of looking after the new students.

assign somebody to something

Jan's been assigned to the Asian Affairs Bureau.

assign somebody to do something

Madison was assigned to investigate a balloon accident.

assign somebody something

Assign each student a partner.

popular adjective liked by a lot of people

hugely/ enormously/ immensely etc popular
Hilary was popular at school.
Coffee is probably the most popular drink in the world.

popularize verb

[transitive] to make something well known and liked

Bob Marley popularized reggae music in the 1970s.

populate verb [transitive usually passive] if an area is populated by a particular group of people,
there
densely/ heavily/ highly/ thickly populated (=with a lot of people)
sparsely/ thinly/ lightly populated (=with very few people)
The highlands are populated mainly by peasant farmers.
one of the most densely populated areas in the world

popularity noun [uncountable] when something or someone is liked or supported by a lot of people
popularity of sth
gain/grow/increase in popularity
The popularity of the Internet has soared.

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they live

 The president's popularity has declined considerably.

Country music is growing in popularity.

loan

noun [countable] an amount of money that you borrow from a bank etc

a loan of
a bank loan/ a home loan/ an interest-free loan/ loan repayments
make loans / take out a loan
paid off the loan
a loan of 60,000
I had to take out a loan to buy my car.
It'll be years before we've paid off the loan.

loan

verb [transitive] to lend someone something, especially money

loan somebody something/ loan something to somebody

Can you loan me $5?
Jeff's loaned us his car for the weekend.

deposit

verb [transitive] to put money or something valuable in a bank

deposit something in something

deposit something with somebody/something
You are advised to deposit your valuables in the hotel safe.
The dollars are then deposited with banks outside the USA.

deposit noun [countable]

1. a part of the cost of something you are buying
deposit of
put down a deposit (on something) (=pay a deposit)
A deposit of 10% is required.
We put down a deposit on a house last week.
2. an amount of money that is paid into a bank account

deposit into
I'd like to make a deposit (=pay some money) into my savings account.

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PRACTICE TEST 2
be faced with something
I was faced with the awful job of breaking the news to the girl's family.

registered post noun = certified mail: a way of insuring something that you send by post in case it gets
lost or damaged

fit in

verb if someone fits in, they are accepted by the other people in a group
I never really fitted in at school.

fit in with someone

I wasn't sure if she would fit in with my friends.

contractual adjective / kn'trktul / [only before noun] agreed in a contract

a contractual agreement, arrangement, commitment, duty, liability, obligation
Tutors have a contractual obligation to research and publish.

contract

noun / kntrkt / [countable] an official agreement between two or more people, stating what each

will do

contract with/between
agree, break, conclude, enter into, exchange, negotiate, offer, renew, secure, sign, terminate,
win a contract
Tyler has agreed a seven-year contract with a Hollywood studio.
His contract is to be terminated by mutual consent.
What are the legal consequences of breaking a contract?
The contract was awarded to builders John Worman Ltd.
Mr. Venables informed me the club would not be renewing my contract.
Employees who refuse to relocate are in breach of contract.

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contact

noun / kntkt / COMMUNICATION

contact with/between
be, get, stay, keep in contact (with someone)
come into contact with
face-to-face, social, personal contact
have ... contact with/ lose contact/ make contact with
business, personal contacts
a network of contacts/ contact number, address, details
There is very little contact between the two tribes.

contact

verb [transitive] to write to or telephone someone

Please do not hesitate to contact me if you have any queries.

gross national product (GNP)

the total value of all the goods and services produced in a country,

usually in a single year

gross domestic product (GDP)

the total value of all goods and services produced in a country, in

one year, except for income received from abroad.

nationwide adjective & adverb

happening or existing in every part of the country

nationwide campaign, election, search, strike, survey, television, tour

a nationwide search for a missing British tourist
We have 350 sales outlets nationwide.

turn around phrasal verb start to be successful

The company turned around from losses of 1.4 million last year to profits of 26,800.

turn (somebody/something) into something phrasal verb to become something different

The sofa turns into a bed.
A few weeks later, winter had turned into spring.
Hollywood discovered her and turned her into a star.

file verb
1. [transitive]= categorize, classify, organize, put in place
The contracts are filed alphabetically.
The handbooks are filed away for future reference.
2. [transitive] to give or send an official report to your employer
The officer left the scene without filing a report.
3. apply for, put in for

file an appeal/ an application for something/ a complaint/ a lawsuit against someone/ a

petition/ a report/ a request
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 file for bankruptcy/ for a divorce

The Morrisons have filed for divorce.
Today is the deadline for Americans to file their tax returns.

terminate verb[intransitive and transitive] = end

terminate an agreement, a contract, a decision, ones employment, a lease, a pregnancy
The court ruled that the contract must be terminated.
a woman's decision on whether or not to terminate the pregnancy.

verify verb = confirm, substantiate, prove

His statement was verified by several witnesses.

memo [countable noun] plural memos a short official note to another person in the same company
a memo to, from someone
read, send, write a memo
a memo from the managing director to all heads of department

show off 1. models showing off the dresses display, exhibit. 2. children showing off about their new clothes
put on airs, boast

show up

the guest didn't show up appear, turn up, come

anymore adverb
not anymore/ not any longer
not do, exist, matter, work anymore
Nick doesn't live here anymore.
She told me not to phone her anymore.
Lepine, he doesn't matter anymore.

CEO noun Chief Executive Officer the person with the most authority in a large company
for the most part used to say that something is generally true but not completely true
For the most part, people seemed pretty friendly.

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Reading Comprehension (349 360)

glossary noun/ glsri / [countable] a list of special words and explanations of their meanings, often at the
end of a book

specification noun a clear statement of what is needed or wanted

a specification of what role each member will play job specification (=a detailed description of what a
job involves)

source verb to find out where something can be obtained

We might be able to source the parts.

edge noun
1 OUTSIDE PART [countable] the part of an object that is furthest from its centre
He stood at the water's edge staring across the lake.
2 ADVANTAGE [singular, uncountable]
Companies are employing more research teams to get an edge.
The next version of the software will have the edge over its competitors.

unsettling adjective making you feel nervous or worried

an unsettling experience

adapt verb/ dpt /

1. to gradually change your behavior and attitudes to be successful in a new situation

- adapt to
The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school.
The ability to adapt is a definite asset in this job.

- adapt yourself/itself etc (to something)

How do these insects adapt themselves to new environments?
2. to change something to make it suitable for a different purpose

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- adapt something to do something

The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas.

- adapt something for somebody

These teaching materials can be adapted for older children.

innovative adjective/ nvetv / = advanced, inventive, new, novel, modern

an innovative approach to language teaching
innovative schemes for recycling waste materials

reputation noun [countable] = status, name

- a good, bad reputation/ earn, gain, establish a reputation as sth/ has a reputation / live up to ...
reputation
Judge Kelso has a reputation for being strict but fair.
In her last job she acquired a reputation as a troublemaker.

inventory noun [countable] all the goods in a shop

modular adjective consisting of separate parts or units which can be put together to form something
a modular course in business studies
Most colleges now use the modular system of teaching.
modular furniture

upgrade verb = modernize, renovate, enhance, improve

- upgrade a computer, the equipment, the facility, the machine(s), the network, ones skill,
yield verb to produce crops, profits etc
- yield benefits, profit, results, a return
Each of these oilfields could yield billions of barrels of oil.
The tourist industry yielded an estimated $2.25 billion for the state last year.
These investments should yield a reasonable return.

dividend noun [countable] a part of a company's profit that is divided among the people with shares in the
company

unauthorized adjective without official approval or permission

the unauthorized use of government funds
Unauthorized personnel are not allowed on the premises.

unaccountable adjective very surprising and difficult to explain

For some unaccountable reason, he arrived a day early.

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register verb to put someone's or something's name on an official list

- register for/ register with someone/ register a birth, a death, a marriage
The tanker is registered in Rotterdam.
How many students have registered for English classes?
You must bring your insurance card with you when you register with a dentist or doctor.
The baby's birth was registered this morning.

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