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July 4, 2015
Assignment#1 (Prelims)
1. Define
a.) Comments
In computer programming, a comment is a programmer-readable annotation in
the source code of a computer program. They are added with the purpose of making the source
code easier to understand, and are generally ignored by compilers and interpreters. The syntax of
comments in various programming languages varies considerably.
b.) Variables
In computer programming, a variable or scalar is a storage location paired with
an associated symbolic name (an identifier), which contains some known or unknown quantity or
information referred to as a value. The variable name is the usual way to reference the stored
value; this separation of name and content allows the name to be used independently of the exact
information it represents. The identifier in computer source code can be bound to
a value during run time, and the value of the variable may thus change during the course of
program execution.
c.) Constants
In computer
programming,
a constant is
an identifier with
an
associated value which cannot be altered by the program during normal execution the value
is constant.[a] This is contrasted with a variable, which is an identifier with a value that can be
changed during normal execution the value is variable. Constants are useful for both
programmers and compilers: for programmers they are a form of self-documenting code and
allow reasoning about correctness; while for compilers they allow compile-time and runtime checks that constancy assumptions are not violated, and allow or simplify some compiler
optimizations.
d.) Keywords
In a computer language, a reserved word (also known as a reserved identifier)
is a word that cannot be used as an identifier, such as the name of a variable, function, or label
it is "reserved from use". This is a syntactic definition, and a reserved word may have no
meaning.
A closely related and often conflated notion is a keyword which is a word with
special meaning in a particular context. This is a semantic definition. By contrast, names in
a standard library but not built into the language are not considered reserved words or keywords.
The terms "reserved word" and "keyword" are often used interchangeably one may say that a
reserved word is "reserved for use as a keyword" and formal use varies from language to
language; for this article we distinguish as above.
Then, user enters a string and this value is assigned to the variable str and then
displayed.
Example program for printf() and scanf() functions in C:
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
char ch;
char str[100];
printf(Enter any character \n);
scanf(%c, &ch);
printf(Entered character is %c \n, ch);
printf(Enter any string ( upto 100 character ) \n);
scanf(%s, &str);
printf(Entered string is %s \n, str);
}
.
Output:
Enter any character
a
Entered character is a
Enter any string ( upto 100 character )
hai
Entered string is hai
.
The format specifier %d is used in scanf() statement. So that, the value entered is
received as an integer and %s for string.
Ampersand is used before variable name ch in scanf() statement as &ch.
It is just like in a pointer which is used to point to the variable.
References:
(1) Comment (computer programming). (n.d.). Retrieved from,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comment_(computer_programming)
(2) Variable (computer science). (n.d.). Retrieved from,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)
(3) Constant (computer programming). (n.d.). Retrieved from,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant_(computer_programming)
(4) Reserved word. (n.d.). Retrieved from,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserved_word
(5) C syntax. (n.d.). Retrieved from,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_syntax