Grammar

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/quiz_list.htm
pronunciation
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/pronunciation
Daily Pronunciation Practice
http://www.manythings.org/lar/
We also have Listen and Repeat English Sentences (10-minute Videos) on this website.
Listen and Repeat to Learn Verb Conjugation and Pronunciation

Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 1 (2:00)

There is also a Video of Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 1

Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 2 (1:41)

There is also a Video of Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 2

Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 3 (1:54)

There is also a Video of Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 3

Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 4 (1:46)

There is also a Video of Commonly-used Irregular Verbs - Part 4

Listen and Repeat to Learn Vocabulary and Sentence Patterns

Adjectives for People (1:59)

I also made this audio into a video.
Video of Listen & Repeat: Adjectives and Sentence Patterns

Practice sites for irregular-verbs

http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/irregular-verbs
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/irregular-verbs-exercise-1.html
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=3494
ENGLISH PAGE - Irregular Verbs 1 - Interactive Exercise
http://www.english-4u.de/irregular_verbs.htm
http://a4esl.org/a/g3.html
games
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/crossword_6_7.htm
http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/irregular_verbs/crossword_8_10.htm
http://www.macmillandictionary.com/verb_wheel/
http://www.englishgrammarsecrets.com/irregularverbs/exercise1.html

In addition to learning the chart, you must also understand the difference between the simple past
and past participle.
A simple past tense verb always has just one part. You need no auxiliary verb to form this tense.
Look at these examples:
Because dinner time was near, my dog Oreo bit the spine of Moby-Dick and pulled the novel off
my lap.
Since Denise had ignored bills for so long, she wrote out checks for an hour straight.
Despite the noise, jolts, and jerks, Alex slept so soundly on the city bus that he missed his stop.
Many multipart verbs, however, require the past participle after one or more auxiliary verbs.
Read these sentences:
Raymond had bitten into the muffin before Charise mentioned that it was her infamous
chocolate-broccoli variety.
had = auxiliary verb; bitten = past participle
Once Woody has written his essay for Mr. Stover, he plans to reward himself with a packet of
Twinkies.
has = auxiliary verb; written = past participle
Cynthia might have slept better if she hadn't watched The Nightmare on Elm Street marathon on
HBO.
might, have = auxiliary verbs; slept = past participle
For regular verbs, knowing the distinction between the simple past and past participle is
unnecessary because both are identical. Check out these two sentences:
Diane giggled as her beagle Reliable pushed his cold wet nose into her stomach, searching for
cookie crumbs.
giggled = simple past
Until the disapproving Mrs. Whitman elbowed Latoya in the ribs, the young girl had giggled
without stop at the toilet paper streamer attached to Principal Clemens's shoe.
had = auxiliary verb; giggled = past participle

When you choose an irregular verb for a sentence, however, the simple past and past participle
are often different, so you must know the distinction. Here are two examples:
Essie drove so cautiously that traffic piled up behind her, causing angry drivers to honk their
horns and shout obscenities.
drove = simple past
Essie might have driven faster if she hadn't forgotten her glasses and saw more than big colored
blurs through the windshield.
might, have = auxiliary verbs; driven = past participle
In addition, past participles can function as adjectives in sentences, describing other words.
When you use a past participle in this manner, you must choose the correct form. Read these
sentences:
The calculus exams given by Dr. Ribley are so difficult that his students believe their brains will
burst.
Delores discovered the stolen bologna under the sofa, guarded fiercely by Max, her Chihuahua.
The written reprimand so shamed poor Pablo that he promised his boss never again to throw a
scoop of ice cream at a customer.
Remember that you can always consult a dictionary when you have a question about the correct
form of an irregular verb.

From wren and Martin

IRREGULAR VERBS
283. Verbs can be regular or irregular.
284. Regular verbs form their past tense and past participle by adding ed.
Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle
Walk -- walked -- walked
laugh -- laughed -- laughed
paint -- painted -- painted
285. Irregular verbs form their past tense and past participle in a different way from
adding ed.
Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle
Sit -- sat -- sat
Ring -- rang -- rung
Come -- came -- come
Cut -- cut -- cut

Page 103
We distinguish three types of irregular verbs:
(1) Verbs in which all three forms are the same
(e.g. cut - cut - cut)
(2) Verbs in which two of the three forms are the same
(e.g. sit - sat - sat)
(3) Verbs in which all three forms are different
(e.g. ring - rang - rung)
286. Below is a list of irregular verbs divided into the three types mentioned above. Some
of them can also be regular. In such cases the regular forms are also given.
Type (1) - All three forms are the same.
Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle
Bet -- bet -- bet
Burst -- burst -- burst
Cost -- cost -- cost
Cut -- cut -- cut
Hit -- hit -- hit
Hurt -- hurt -- hurt
Let -- let let
put -- put put
Read -- read -- read
Set -- set -- set
Shut -- shut -- shut
Split -- split -- split
Spread -- spread -- spread
Type(2) - Two of the forms are the same.
Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle
Beat -- beat -- beaten
Become -- became -- become
Bend -- bent -- bent
Bleed -- bled -- bled
Breed -- bred -- bred
Bring -- brought -- brought
Build -- built -- built
Burn -- burnt/burned -- burnt/burned
Buy -- bought -- bought
Catch --caught -- caught
Come -- came -- come
Creep -- crept -- crept
Deal -- dealt -- dealt
Dig -- dug -- dug
Dream -- dreamt/dreamed -- dreamt/dreamed
Feed -- fed -- fed
Feel -- felt -- felt
Fight -- fought -- fought
Find -- found -- found

Get -- got -- got

Hand -- hung -- hung
Have -- had -- had
Hear -- heard -- heard
Hold -- held -- held
Page 104
Lay -- laid -- laid
Lead -- led -- led
Lean -- tent/leaned -- lent/leaned
Learn -- learnt/learned -- learnt/learned
Leap -- leapt/leaped -- leapt/leaped
Leave -- left -- left
Lend -- lent -- lent
Light -- lit -- lit
Lose -- lost -- lost
Make -- made -- made
Mean -- meant -- meant
Meet -- met -- met
Pay -- paid -- paid
Run -- ran -- run
Say -- said -- said
Sell -- sold -- sold
Send -- sent -- sent
Shine -- shone -- shone
Shoot -- shot -- shot
Sit -- sat -- sat
Sleep -- slept -- slept
Smell -- smelr/smelled -- smeit/smelled
Speed -- sped -- sped
Spell -- spelt -- spelt
Spend -- spent -- spent
Spill -- spilt/spilled -- spilt/spilled
Speed -- sped -- sped
Spell -- spelt/spelled -- spelt/spelled
Spit -- spat -- spat
Spoil -- spoilt/spoiled -- spoilt/spoiled
Stand -- stood -- stood
Stick -- stuck -- stuck
Sting -- stung -- stung
Strike -- struck -- struck
Sweep -- swept -- swept
Swing -- swung -- swung

Teach -- taught -- taught

Tell -- told -- told
Think -- thought -- thought
Understand -- understood -- understood
Win -- won -- won
Wind -- wound -- wound
Type (3) - All three forms are different
Base Form -- Past Tense -- Past Participle
Be -- was/were -- been
Begin -- began -- begun
Bite -- bit -- bitten
Blow -- blew -- blown
Break -- broke -- broken
Choose -- chose -- chosen
Do -- did -- done
Draw -- drew -- drawn
Drink -- drank -- drunk
Drive -- drove -- driven
Eat -- ate -- eaten
Fall -- fell -- fallen
Fly -- flew -- flown
Forbid -- forbade -- forbidden
Page 105
Forget -- forgot -- forgotten
forgive -- forgave -- forgiven
freeze -- froze -- frozen
give -- gave -- given
go -- went -- gone
grow -- grew -- grown
hide -- hid -- hidden
know -- knew -- known
lie -- lay -- lain
mistake -- mistook -- mistaken
ride -- rode -- ridden
ring -- rang -- rung
rise -- rose -- risen
see -- saw -- seen
sew -- sewed -- sewn/sewed
shake -- shook -- shaken
show -- showed -- shown
shrink -- shrank -- shrunk
sing -- sang -- sung
sink -- sank -- sunk
speak -- spoke -- spoken
spring -- sprang -- sprung
steal -- stole -- stolen

stink -- stank -- stunk

swear -- swore -- sworn
swim -- swam -- swum
take -- took -- taken
tear -- tore -- torn
throw -- threw -- thrown
wake -- woke -- woken
wear -- wore -- worn
write -- wrote -- written
287. The following verbs have an alternative past participle form (ending in en), which
can only be used adjectivally.
Verb -- Usual Past Participle -- Adjectival Past Participle
Drink -- drunk -- drunken
Melt -- melted -- molten
Prove -- proved -- proven
Shave -- shaved -- shaven
Shear -- sheared -- shorn
Shrink -- shrunk -- shrunken
Sink -- sunk -- sunken
Strike -- struck -- stricken
Compare the following:
(a)
He has drunk liquor.
The iron has melted.
He has proved it.
He has shaved off his beard.
They have sheared the sheep.
The cloth has shrunk.
The ship has sunk.
The clock has struck five.
(b)
a drunken soldier
molten iron
a proven fact
a clean-shaven face
a shorn sheep
a shrunken head
a sunken ship
a grief-stricken widow
Page 106
Exercise in Composition 56
In the following sentences change the verbs to the Past Tense:
1.Rama writes to his mother every week.
2. The wind blows furiously.
3. The boy stands on the burning deck.
4. The door flies open.

5. She sings sweetly.

6. The old woman sits in the sun.
7. Abdul swims very well indeed.
8. His voice shakes with emotion.
9. He drives a roaring trade.
10. He bears a grudge against his old uncle. .
11. He spends his time in idleness.
12. He feels sorry for his faults.
13. A portrait of Mahatma Gandhi hangs on the wall.
14. The kite flies gaily into the air.
15. He wears away his youth in trifles.
16. What strikes me is the generosity of the offer.
17. He sows the seeds of dissension.
18. They all tell the same story.
19. He lies in order to escape punishment.
20. He comes of a good line.
21. The boy runs down the road at top speed.
22. I do it of my own free will.
23. His parents withhold their consent to the marriage.
24. I forget his name.
25. He gets along fairly well.
26. They choose Mr. Malik to be their chairman.
27. He throws cold water on my plan.
28. The child clings to her mother.
29. Judas, overwhelmed with remorse, goes and hangs himself.
30. I know him for an American.
31. He swears a solemn oath that he is innocent.
32. In a fit of rage she tears up the letter.
33. Her head sinks on her shoulder.
34. She hides her face for shame.
35. My master bids me work hard.
36. The books lie in a heap on the floor.
37. She lays her handbag on the table.
Exercise in Composition 57
Fill in the Past Tense or Past Participle of verb given:See -- It is years since I --- him. He has --- his best days.
Fall -- Of late the custom has --- into disuse. The lot --- upon him.
Drink -- The toast was --- with great enthusiasm.
Speak -- He --- freely when he had drunk alcohol. Marathi is --- in Maharashtra.
Wear -- My patience --- out at last. The inscription has --- away in several places.
Tear -- In a fit of rage she --- up the letter. The country is --- by factions.
Sting -- He has been --- by a scorpion. The remark --- him.
Run -- You look as if you had --- all the way home. He --- for his life.
Forget -- Once Sydney Smith, being asked his name by the servant, found to his dismay
that he had --- his own name.
Choose -- A better day for a drive could not have been ---.

Com -- Computer technology has --- a long way since the 1970s.
Bite -- The old beggar was --- by a mad dog. A mad dog --- him.
Swim -- The boy has --- across the Indus.
Write -- I think he should have --- and told us. Honesty is --- on his face.
Lay -- He -- the book on the table. He had not --- a finger on him. They --- their heads
together.
Page 107
Lie -- We --- beneath a spreading oak. He has long --- under suspicion.
Take -- A beautiful short from cover point --- of the ball. He has --- a fancy to the boy.
Go -- Recently the price of sugar has --- up. The argument --- home. The verdict --against him.
Begin -- He had --- his speech before we arrived. He --- to talk non sense.
Bid -- Do as you are ---. He --- us good-bye. He --- two thousand rupees for the pony.
Ring -- Has the warning-bell ? I --- him up on the telephone.
Steal -- Someone has --- my purse. She --- his heart.
So -- You must reap what you have ---.
Drive -- Poor fellow ! he was --- very hard. They say he --- a hard bar gain.
Sing -- It seemed to me that she had never --- so well. Our bugles --- truce.
Shake -- He was much --- by the news. His voice --- as he spoke.
Eat -- He is --- up with pride. In the end he --- his words.
Do -- Let us have --- with it. I --- my duty.
Spring -- Homer describes a race of men who --- from the gods. The ship --- a leak.
Show -- Has Rustum --- you his camera? He --- a clean pair of heels.
Freeze -- The explorers were --- to death. The blood --- in their veins.
Strike -- I was --- by a stone. It never --- me before that he was old.
Mistake -- I found upon inquiry that I had --- the house. He --- me for my brother.
Shoe -- Go, ask the terrier whether he has --- the horses yet.
Strew -- His path was --- with flowers.
Sink -- His voice gradually --- to a whisper. --- And thousands had --- to the ground
overpowerd.
Tread -- Walking through the jungle, he --- on a snake.
Rise -- He has --- from the ranks. As his friends expected he --- to the occasion.
Beat -- On the arrival of a policeman, he --- a hasty retreat. He --- the Afghans in a
bloody battle. It was not the only battle in which they were ---.
Blow -- The tempest --- the ship ashore.
Catch -- Walking on the beach, we --- sight of a strange bird. He has --- a Tartar.
Have -- After the storm we --- a spell of fine weather.
Meet -- I --- a little cottage girl. The poor fellow has --- with many reverses.
Sleep -- We thought her dying when she ---.
Get -- He has --- hold of the wrong end of the stick.
Lead -- The faithful dog --- his blind master.
Awake -- And his disciples came to him, and --- him. I was soon --- from this
disagreeable reverie.
Bear -- I was --- away by an impulse.
Stand -- It has --- the test of time.
Sit -- He has, --- for the examination.

Know -- He says he has never --- sickness. I --- his antecedents.

Bind -- The prisoner was --- hand and foot.
Break -- He has --- his collar-bone.
Breed -- What is --- in the bone will not wear out of the flesh.
Strive -- I --- with none, for none was worth my strife.
Page 108
Give -- He never --- me a chance to speak. He is --- to opium-smoking.
Dream -- I --- I was in love again.
Weep -- I have --- a million tears.
Exercise in Composition 58
Fill in the Past Tense or Past Participle of verb given :Spin -- The story is tediously --- out.
Mean -- I --- it for a joke. He was --- for a lawyer.
Arise -- Suddenly the wind ---. There never has --- a great man who has not been
misunderstood.
Draw -- Who --- the first prize ? He has --- a wrong inference. The train --- up to the
station.
Understand -- I certainly --- you to make that promise. I am afraid I did not make myself
---.
Shoot -- He was accidentally --- in the arm.
Shrink -- He is not known ever to have --- from an encounter. There was no cruelty from
which the robber chief ---.
Smell -- I noticed that he --- of brandy.
Stick -- The cart --- in the mud.
Swear -- The soldiers --- allegiance to the Constitution of India. He was yesterday --- in
as a member of the Legislative Assembly.
Sweep -- The waves --- the pier. The pier was --- away. Plague --- off millions.
Cost -- Often a lie has --- a life. His folly --- him years of poverty.
Buy -- A rupee --- twice as much fifteen years ago.
Crow -- His enemies --- over his fall.
Deal -- He ---unfairly with his partner. The robber -- him a blow on the head.
Lose -- His rushness --- him his life. --- time is never found again. The man who yields to
the fascination of the gaming-table is ---.
Find -- Sir, I have --- you an argument; but I am not obliged to find you an understanding.
The picture --- its way to the auction-room.
Forgive -- Christ --- his crucifiers.
Sleep -- It is said of Akbar that he rarely --- more than three hours at a time.
Seek -- His company is greatly --- after. It might be truly said of him that he never --honour.
Hide -- Adam and his wife --- themselves from the presence of the Lord God.
Fall -- He --- never to rise again. A certain man went down from --- Jerusalem to Jericho,
and --- among thieves. He has --- asleep.
Set -- He has --- his heart on success. The teacher --- them an --- example.
Die -- He --- at a ripe old age.
See -- I --- her singing at her work. He has --- the ups and downs of life.
Spoil -- The news --- my dinner.

Leave -- He has --- a large family. The Police --- no stone unturned to trace the culprits.
Page 109
Grow -- Three years she --- in sun and shower. Some of these wars have --- out of
commercial considerations.
Think -- I have --- of a plan.
I --- of Chatterton, the marvellous boy.
Become -- He --- the slave of low desires.
Hear -- Not a drum was ---, not a funeral note. He hopes his prayer --- will be ---.
Fight -- He --- for the crown. He has a good fight.
Forsake -- His courage --- him. He has --- his old friends.
Teach -- The village master --- his little school. They have --- their tongue to speak lies.
Wring -- She --- her hands in agony. Any appeal for help --- her heart.
Wind -- He --- up by appealing to the audience to contribute to the fund.
Thrust -- He was --- through with a javelin.
Say -- He has --- the last word on the matter.
Fly -- The bird has --- away. The bird --- over the tree.
Flee -- The murderer has --- to Australia. The terrified people --- to the mountains.
Overflow -- During the night the river had --- its banks.