Professional Documents
Culture Documents
May 2009
DIN 5510-2
Price group 21
www.din.de
www.beuth.de
Beginning of validity
This standard is to be in effect from 2009-05-01.
Deadline of implementation
From 2012-05-01, vehicles developed after 2009-05-01 must conform to this standard.
Transition period
At the latest, from 2014-05-01, only the vehicles, which comform to this standard, can be
delivered.
-2-
Contents
Page
Preface ...................................................................................................................................................5
1 Area of application ......................................................................................................................6
2 Normative references .....................................................................................................................6
3 Terms .................................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Composite ....................................................................................................................................9
3.2 Material composite ..................................................................................................................9
3.3 Sandwich.........................................................................................................................................9
4 Classification of the fire behavior and fire side effects and respective test ...9
4.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................9
4.2 Flammability class and test ...................................................................................................10
4.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................................10
4.2.2 Flammability class S1.............................................................................................................10
4.2.3 Flammability classes S2 to S5 .............................................................................................10
4.2.4 Flammability classes SF1 to SF3 for floor coverings ....................................................11
4.2.5 Seats ...........................................................................................................................................12
4.3 Smoke generation classes and testing .................................................................................14
4.4 Drop forming classes and test methods...............................................................................15
4.5 Toxicity testing of fire effluents ..............................................................................................15
5 Requirements on the fire behaviour and fire side effects of materials and parts used
in vehicle construction.....................................................................................................................15
5.1 General ..........................................................................................................................................15
5.2 Requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification......................................................15
5.2.1 General .......................................................................................................................................15
5.2.2 Electrical equipment ...............................................................................................................16
5.2.3 Tables giving requirements on vehicle parts requiring certification .........................17
5.3 Requirements on vehicle parts not requiring certification ..............................................28
5.4 Materials and components which are deemed to meet the requirements ...................29
5.5 Permanence of the fire protection properties .....................................................................29
6 Inspection certificate.....................................................................................................................30
Appendix A(normative) Testing seats as in 4.2.5 .......................................................................31
A.1 Arrangement in the test room .................................................................................................31
A.2 Slitting of seat upholstery........................................................................................................31
A.3 Paper cushion .............................................................................................................................32
A.4 Calibrating the exhaust hood..................................................................................................33
Appendix B(normative) Smoke production calculation .........................................................35
Appendix C (normative) Determining the toxicity of fire effluents......................................36
C.1 General..........................................................................................................................................36
C.2 Fire effluent generation models .............................................................................................36
C.2.1 General ......................................................................................................................................36
C.2.2 Test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2 ..............................................................36
C.2.2.1 General ...................................................................................................................................36
C.2.2.2 Specimen preparation ........................................................................................................37
C.2.2.3 Test procedure .....................................................................................................................37
C.2.3 Testing seats and cables (alternative test methods).....................................................38
C.2.3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................38
C.2.3.2 Testing seats.........................................................................................................................39
C.2.3.3 Testing cables ......................................................................................................................39
C.3 Fire effluent toxicity requirements.........................................................................................39
C.3.1 General ......................................................................................................................................39
C.3.2 Calculation of results of tests as described in DIN EN ISO 5659-2............................40
C.3.3 Calculations of results of tests made on products under real conditions ..............40
-3-
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Preface
This standard includes safety related technical requirements.
This standard was issued in NA 087-00-14 AA fire protection. It includes the
requirements on the fire behaviour and fire side effects (smoke formation and drop
forming) for the materials and parts used in the production of railway vehicles. These
requirements are regarded as necessary within the DIN regulations for the preventive
fire protection in railway vehicles (see explanations for DIN 5510-1).
As for the categorization of the vehicles according to their fire protection degree (see
DIN 5510-1) and installation position of the applied materials and parts in the vehicles
(ceiling area more critical than floor area), the requirements are defined risk-oriented
in form of flammability class, smoke emission class, drop forming class and toxicity
parameters under the condition of permissible exposure duration.
Within the general protection objective personal protection, the requirements cover
the protection objective part 1 Prevention of fire in passenger compartment caused
by incendiaries, regarding the definition of this part of the protection objective
described in the explanations of the DIN 5510-1, i.e., the risks of ignition and fire
development during the use of small and medium ignition source are removed.
The results of the specially implemented fire protection research plan TV 8520 fire
experiment in railway vehicles, phase 1, fire development and incendiaries, which is
promoted by the federal minister for research and technology, form the basis for the
definition of the technical requirements for fire protection which are included in this
standard.
Special requirements are applied to seats. The technical verification of suitability
for fire protection to cover the protection objective part 1 (see explanation for DIN
5510-1) is completed in terms of use through ignition on the original seats with a
paper pillow. In order to cover the protection objective part 2 (see explanations for
DIN 5510-1), the definition of the requirements on the fire behavior of electro
technical products as well as cable and lines for the traction vehicles and wagons is
orientated to the requirements of the current VDE regulations and the current
technical status in the production of railway vehicles.
In terms of fire behavior as well as fire side effects (smoke formation, toxicity), the
requirements of this standard make no essential contribution to cover the protection
objective part 3. Because this part of the protection objective is covered with the
measures in DIN 5510-4 to DIN 5510-6 and a European standard on this is in
preparation.
DIN 5510-1 Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles consists of:
Part 1: Fire protection degree, technical measures and certificates for fire
protection
Part 2: Fire behavior and fire side effects of materials and parts;
Classification, requirements and test methods
Part 4: Constructive design of the vehicles, safety related
technical requirements
Part 5: Electrical equipment; safety related technical
requirements
Part 6: Accompanying measures, function of the emergency brake device,
fire alarm system, fire fighting equipment, safety related technical
requirements
1 Area of application
This standard is valid for railway vehicles (called vehicles in the following),
which fall into the scope of the Ordinance on the Construction and Operation of
Railways (EBO), the Ordinance on the Construction and Operation for narrow
gauge railway (ESBO), the Ordinance on the Construction and Operation for
Maglev (MbBO) and the Ordinance on the Construction and Operation for
tramway, metro and light rail (BOStrab). It has the purpose of determining,
Classification of the fire behaviour and the fire side effects,
the necessary test methods for it,
Necessary requirements on the fire behavior and fire side effects of the materials
and parts used for the production of vehicles for the reason of preventive fire
protection
This standard is not valid for requirements on equipment for storage and
transmission of fluid and gasiform fuels. A corresponding standard is in preparation.
2 Normative references
The documents quoted as followed are necessary for the use of this document. Only
the referred version is valid for the dated references. The latest version of those
referred documents is valid for the undated references (including all changes).
DIN 4102-1, Fire behavior of building materials and building components - Part 1:
Building materials; concepts, requirements and tests
DIN 4102-8, Fire behaviour of building materials and building components - Part 8:
Small scale test furnace
DIN 4102-14, Fire behaviour of building materials and elements - floor covering and
floor coatings - determination of the burning behaviour of floor covering systems
using a radiant heat source
DIN 5510-1, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles; levels of protection, fire
preventive measures and certification
DIN 5510-4, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles - vehicle design - safety
requirements
DIN 5510-5, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles - electrical equipment safety requirements
DIN 5510-6, Preventive fire protection in railway vehicles - auxiliary measures,
emergency brake operating function; information systems, fire alarms, firefighting
equipment - safety requirements
DIN 53290, testing of sandwiches - definitions of terms
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
sections for railway vehicles - Determination of burning behavior using
a gas burner
DIN EN 438-1, High-pressure decorative laminates (HPL) - Sheets based on
thermosetting resins (usually called laminates) - Part 1: Introduction and
general information
DIN EN 597-1, Furniture - Assessment of the ignitability of mattresses
and upholstered bed bases - Part 1: Ignition source: Smoldering
cigarette
DIN EN 597-2, Furniture - Assessment of the ignitability of mattresses
and upholstered bed bases - Part 2: Ignition source: Match flame
equivalent
DIN EN 1021-1, Furniture - Assessment of the ignitability of upholstered
furniture - Part 1: Ignition source smoldering cigarette
E DIN EN 2826, Aerospace series - Burning behavior of non metallic
materials under the influence of radiating heat and flames Determination of gas components in the smoke
DIN EN 13501-1, Fire classification of construction products and building
elements - Part 1: Classification using data from reaction to fire tests
DIN EN 13501-2:2003-12, Fire classification of construction products
and building elements - Part 2: Classification using data from fire
resistance tests, excluding ventilation services; German version EN
13501-2:2003
DIN EN 14390, Fire test of construction products - Large-scale room
reference test for surface products
E DIN EN 45545-2, Railway applications - Fire protection on railway
vehicles - Part 2: Requirements for fire behavior of materials and
components
E DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1), Railway applications - Railway
rolling stock power and control cables having special fire performance Part 1: General requirements
DIN EN 50266-2-4 (VDE 0482-266-2-4), Common test methods for cables
under fire conditions - Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted
bunched wires or cables - Part 2-4: test methods, sort of test C
DIN EN 50266-2-5 (VDE 0482-266-2-5), Common test methods for cables
under fire conditions - Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted
bunched wires or cables - Part 2-5: test methods, small cables, sort of test C
DIN EN 50305 (VDE 0260-305):2003-03, Railway applications - Railway
rolling stock cables having special fire performance - Test methods;
German version EN 50305:2002
E DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1), Railway applications - Railway
rolling stock cables having special fire performance - Thin wall - Part 1:
General requirements
E DIN EN 50399, Common test methods for cables under fire
conditions - Heat release and smoke production measurement on
cables during flame spread test - Test apparatus, procedures,
results
DIN EN 60332-1-2 (VDE 0482-332-1-2), Tests on electric and optical fiber
cables under fire conditions - Part 1-2: Test for vertical flame propagation for
1)
Verified in the DITR databank of the DIN Software GmbH, to obtain at: Beuth Verlag
GmbH, 10772 Berlin.
2)
To obtain through: Federal ministry for Transport, Building and Urban Development, office
in Bonn, Department EW 14, Robert-Schumann-Platz 1, 53175 Bonn.
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
3 Terms
The following terms are valid for the application of this document:
3.1 Composite
Multilayer material in delivery status
3.3 Sandwich
The body from a relative thick core with lower gross density and relative thin top
layer, the core and the top layer are tightly connected with each other
REMARK Stratified materials such as plywood, laminated chipboards and coated sheet are
not sandwiches of this definition.
4 Classification of the fire behavior and fire side effects and respective
test
4.1 General
For the categorization of the fire behavior and the fire side effects (smoke formation,
dropping behavior) of materials and parts, the inflammableness class, smoke development
class and drop forming class are defined, and toxicity parameters under the condition of
permissible exposure duration are determined.
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Where sandwich constructions as specified in DIN 53290 are butt-jointed as installed, or
where cut edges may be exposed to flame attack, butt-jointed specimens shall be tested. The
butt joint shall be located at the centre of the width and be parallel to the longitudinal edge of
the specimen.
If materials with an oriented structure (such as films, leather and textiles) are to be tested, 5
specimens of each material are to be tested in the longitudinal direction and 5 specimens in
the lateral direction.
Flame exposure arrangement: As specified in DIN 54837
If the test specimens are asymmetrical in the thickness direction, both surfaces are to be
exposed to the flame. Flame exposure may be limited to one side if:
this is permitted in Tables 5 to 8, or if
proof can be provided that the surface exposed to the flame is the critical one.
The test report shall state which surface was exposed to the flame.
Requirements: As in Table 1
Table 1 Requirements for flammability classes S2 to S5
Flammability class
S2
S3
S4
30 cm
25 cm
20 cm
S5
b
Length of destroyed
s
area
Afterflame time
0 cm
100 s
(no individual
value
120 s)
10 s
0s
In addition to the criteria specified in DIN 54837, areas in which holes have melted through the material are
deemed destroyed areas.
Organic layers of a nominal thickness < 0.3 mm in composite materials shall not be taken into account when
evaluating the length of destroyed material.
SF1
2.5
kW/m
SF2
2
No requirements
2.5
2
kW/m
SF3
2
500 (% min)
4.5
750
kW/m
(% min)
4.2.5 Seats
4.2.5.1 Test specimens
When testing seats to prove their suitability in terms of fire protection, the tests shall always
be carried out on original seats, including backrests and all original components (see Table 5,
nos. 74 and 75 as well as no. 86 if necessary).
4.2.5.2 Test room and test set-up
Tests shall be conducted in a room having a volume of at least 250 m. The test specimens
shall be placed beneath an exhaust hood as described in DIN EN 14390 or ISO/TR 9705-2
(furniture calorimeter test see Appendix A, Figure A.1). In order to ensure that the entire fire
effluent volume is captured, the lateral steel sheet skirts shall be attached to the exhaust
hood in such a way that the distance between the surface on which the test specimen is
placed and the bottom edge of the skirts attached to the hood is 1,4 m 0,25 m. The volume
3
flow rate of the exhaust hood is to be set to V298 ( (0.6 0.1) m /s. Before the start of the test
the air temperature in the test room before the start of the test shall be ( 20 10) C.
If the exhaust hood used differs from the design described here, the test set-up shall be
calibrated according to the instructions given in Appendix A.4.
An angled mobile partition made of non-flammable sheets of a mineral material and with
dimensions of at least 2 000 mm x 1 200 mm shall be set up for the tests. The smallest
distance between the seat and the sidewalls shall be (15 5) mm and the smallest distance
between the seat and the rear wall shall be (30 10) mm (see Figures A.1 and A.2).
Before commencing the test the temperature of the mobile partition shall not exceed 30 C.
4.2.5.3 Test procedure
The seats shall be conditioned for 48 h in an ISO 554-23/50-2 standard atmosphere before
commencing the test.
The test duration is determined by the relevant requirements (see 4.2.5.4). The test may be
terminated prematurely if the flames have extinguished completely and no more flue gas
absorption can be measured. If the specimen seat fails prematurely or if the test personnel is
endangered, the test is to be aborted by
extinguishing the fire and recording the time of this action.
The light transmission and volume flow rate in the exhaust duct shall be measured at
3-second intervals for the entire duration of the test.
If the backrest is adjustable, it shall be set to maximum upright position (if in the course of
testing there is reason to believe that a different backrest position will lead to a less favorable
outcome, this shall be recorded in the test report).
The head cushion is to be placed at the lowest possible position.
If seats are intended to be used in benches or in rows comprising several adjacent seats,
testing shall always be carried out on at least two seats installed next to one another with the
original spacing.
Benches shall be subdivided according to the nominal number of seats, and the seats thus
defined shall be indicated.
Three tests shall be carried out according to the instructions given in Appendix A.3, each test
using one paper cushion placed on the sitting surface of the corner seat.
The open side of the paper cushion (i.e. the side not closed by staples) shall be placed
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
against the backrest. The paper cushion may be rotated by 90 about its vertical axis if the
seat upholstery is less than 420 mm wide.
In addition, one test shall be carried out using a paper cushion beneath the seat mounted in
the corner, and one test using a paper cushion placed centrally below and between two
seats.
Folding seats with backrests shall be tested with the seat folded down in same way as
described above for normal seats. Three seats shall be tested. Folding seats shall be tested
as follows: one test from below the centre of the seat installed in the corner, one test between
two seats with the seats folded down, and one test between two seats with the seats folded
up. For the test from below, the top surface of the seat upholstery shall be located (430 10)
mm above the floor.
Folding seats without backrests (auxiliary seats) are exempted from this test, and only need
to meet the requirements of no. 76 or 77 in Table 5.
4.2.5.4 Requirements
In order to prove suitability by the tests specified in 4.2.5.3, the following requirements shall
be met:
The maximum height of flames above the highest point of the seat surface shall not exceed
100 cm.
The flame front shall not reach the side edges of any the seats being tested.
3)
The flames shall have extinguished at the latest by the 15th minute of the test.
In order to prove suitability according to the tests with flame exposure from below, the
following requirements shall be met:
The destroyed area shall not extend beyond a 50 mm wide border area of the sitting surface
and the backrest surface.
W here the test is conducted between two seats, only a 50 mm wide border area measured
from the exposed side of the upholstery of the seat and backrest may be destroyed.
The flames shall have extinguished at the latest by the 10th minute of the test.
In order to prove the suitability of folding seats when folded up with flame exposure from
below, the following requirements shall be met:
The maximum height of flames above the lower edge of the seat when folded up shall not
exceed 100 cm.
In the test with exposure of the centre of one seat from below, the flame front shall not reach
the side edges of any of the seats being tested.
In the test with a cushion placed centrally between two seats, an area of at least 50 mm shall
remain undamaged at the external side edges not exposed to the flame.
The flames shall have extinguished at the latest by the 10th minute of the test.
In order to prove suitability, the following additional requirement shall be met in all tests using
a paper cushion:
For fire protection levels 2 to 4, no single total smoke production value TSP (see Appendix B
for the calculation method) measured throughout the test may exceed 60 m.
All requirements apply correspondingly to bench seats.
4.2.5.5 Slitting of seats, classification and testing of slit seats
3)
Small flames still burning after the 15th minute but not after the 30th minute of the test can be neglected
if achievement of the protection aim is proved within the fire protection evaluation, e.g. by measuring
heat release or flame height.
Where the suitability of slit seats is to be proven, an additional three seats shall be prepared
and tested as follows:
Crossed cuts are to be made in the seat surface as shown in Figure A.2 using a commercially
available carpet cutter with a sharp blade. The blade shall protrude from the handle by 20 mm
so that the pressure exerted while making the cuts results in approximately 25 mm deep cuts.
The seat cushion is to be cut open by drawing the knife through it in one single motion. If it is
not possible to cut the seat to a depth of approximately 25 mm, it shall be slit open down to
the protection layer (vandalism prevention) which cannot be cut.
The individual layers (e.g. cover material, upholstery fleece, fire protection cover, vandalism
protection layer) are to be lifted away from the point where the cuts cross and then folded
back. The folded-back corners are then tacked down with pins. The last individual layer to be
folded back is the layer intended to act as fire protection.
If the seat comprises several layers permanently joined to one another, this sandwich layer is
folded back as far as possible and then fixed into place. If it is not possible to fold back and
affix the sandwich layer, it shall remain in its original position during the test. Any upholstery
core material that has come loose and has been lifted up together with the sandwich layer
shall remain attached to the sandwich layer.
If there are seams or fasteners in the area of the seat to be exposed, these shall be
separated as well.
Seats made of only one material shall not be slit open.
Tests and classification are carried out in the same way as for seats that have not been slit
open.
4.2.5.6 Seats for enclosed staff compartments
For all fire protection levels, proof of fire protective qualities shall be provided as defined in
DIN EN 1021-1 and DIN EN 1021-2. This proof is considered to have been obtained if the
ignition criteria are not met. These tests can be carried out on an original seat or on a model.
The tests are carried out on seats which have not been slit open.
SR1
100 (%min)
SR2
50 (% min)
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Observation
ST1
ST2
Products may still be assigned to drop forming class ST2 if some particles or drops are still
burning when they fall to the floor of the test chamber but the mean value of the afterflame
times measured in individual tests does not exceed 20 seconds.
If in the course of testing burning particles dropping off the specimen are observed, the
afterflame time is deemed to be the longest individual burning time observed in all particles. If
no individual particles or drops burn as they are dropping, the afterflame time is deemed to be
the longest time that particles or drops
continue burning at any position on the floor.
Pipes and hoses made of the same materials and with the same wall thickness, but having
different diameters, may be tested using the largest and the smallest diameters. If results of
these two tests meet the requirements, the classification achieved also applies to all
diameters between these two extremes. If this is not the case, then the worst result shall be
assigned to the intermediate diameters.
Sheets and films made of the same materials but used in various thicknesses may be tested
using the smallest and the largest thicknesses. If results of these two tests meet the
requirements, the classification achieved shall also apply to all thicknesses between these
two extremes. If this is not the case, then the worst result shall be assigned to the
intermediate thicknesses.
When vehicle components subject to mandatory certification are supplied, the certificates
presented shall not be more than three years old.
5.2.2 Electrical equipment
5.2.2.1 General
All permanently installed electrical installations and operating equipment, including the
associated insulation, coverings and casing parts, are deemed electrical equipment.
5.2.2.2 Electrical equipment in enclosed shells or casings
No separate requirements are placed on electrical equipment in an enclosure meeting IP54
requirements as specified in DIN EN 60529 (VDE 0470-1). The material of the enclosure
(without openings required for the final application) shall meet the integrity requirements
specified in DIN EN 13501-2:2003-12, 5.2.2 and, when exposed to a standard
temperature/time curve in a test furnace as specified in DIN 4102-8, shall achieve the test
durations listed below.
The requirements shall be met for a test duration of:
5 minutes for materials of enclosures containing a volume of1 m3 or
10 minutes for materials of enclosures containing a volume of2 m3 or
30 minutes for materials of enclosures, irrespective of the volume.
NOTE: In tests carried out in accordance with DIN 4102-8, the quality of the enclosure material should
be demonstrated. Certification that the enclosure meets IP 45 integrity requirements as defined in DIN
EN 60529 (VDE 0470-1) is adequate proof of its integrity.
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 Vehicle construction section for passenger vehicles used in public transportation
1
No.
1
2
Vehicle superstructure,
including bottom floor,
external vehicle cladding
(roof, sides, face) excluding
driver's cab
Fire
protection
level as
specified in
DIN 5510-1
Requirements
1
2 to 4
Flammability
class
S3
S4
Smoke
Drop forming
generation
class
class
SR2
Remarks
Explanatory notes
3
4
5
Underframe streamlining
7
8
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR2
2 to 4
S3
SR2
S3
2 to 4
S4
SR2
1 to 3
S3
S4
SR2
ST2
S3
11
2 to 4
S4
SR2
ST2
12
S3
10
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
13
4
Requirements
Fire
protection
Smoke
level as Flammabilit
generation
specified in y class
class
DIN 5510-1
2 to 4
Drop
forming
class
S3
SR2
ST2
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR1
S3
2 to 4
S4
SR2
ST2
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR2
ST2
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR1
S3
2 to 4
S4
SR2
ST2
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR2
ST2
S3
2 to 4
S3
SR1
Remarks
Explanatory notes
19
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
3
4
Fire
Requirements
protection
level as
Drop
Smoke
specified Flammabilit generation forming
y class
in DIN
class
class
5510-1
1
3
S3
S3
SR2
31
32 Underbody coating
33 Insulating materials for roofs, side
panels and face ends, external
doors and floors (products in sheet
or web form)
20
5
Remarks
S3
S4
SR2
SR2
ST2
1 to 4
1
S3
S3
6
Explanatory notes
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
4
Requirements
Fire
protection
level as Flammabili Smoke
specified in ty class generation
class
DIN 5510-1
Drop
forming
class
39
Remarks
Explanatory notes
S3
SR2
2 and 4
3
S5
S4
SR2
SR2
ST2
ST2
S3
2 and 3
S4
SR2
ST2
S5
SR2
ST2
S3
2 and 3
S4
SR2
ST2
S5
SR2
ST2
1
2 and 3
S3
S3
SR2
ST2
42
2 to 4
a
b
21
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
3
Fire
protection
level as
specified in
DIN 5510-1
4
Requirements
Smoke
Drop
Flammabili
generation
formation
ty class
class
class
Remarks
Explanatory notes
45
S4
SR2
ST2
S3
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
S4
SR2
ST2
SF1
2 to 4
SF3
51 Runners, carpets
SF1
52
SF2
53
3 and 4
SF3
S3
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
56
S5
SR2
ST2
57 Luggage racks
S3
58
S3
SR2
ST2
59
S4
SR2
ST2
60
S5
SR2
ST2
22
including grilles
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
3
4
Fire
Requirements
protection
Smoke
Drop
level as
Flammability
generation
formation
specified in
class
class
class
DIN 5510-1
1
S3
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
S4
SR2
ST2
2 to 4
S3
S3
SR1
S3
67
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
68
S4
SR2
ST2
S3
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
4
2 to 4
S4
S3
SR2
SR1
ST2
Remarks
Explanatory notes
included in no. 43
64 Window framing
65
66 Curtains and roller blinds
23
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
3
4
Fire
Requirements
protection
Smoke
Drop
level as Flammabili
generation
formation
specified in ty class
class
class
DIN 5510-1
73
2 to 4
74
75
Seats
1
2 to 4
S3
SR1
Remarks
Explanatory notes
76
77
78
24
1
2 to 4
S3
S3
S3
SR2
No.
2
Vehicle parts requiring
certification
4
Requirements
Fire
protection
Smoke
level as
Flammabilit
generation
specified in
y class
class
DIN 5510-1
Drop
forming
class
Remarks
Explanatory notes
79
2 and 3
S3
SR2
ST2
80
S4
SR2
ST2
1 to 4
S3
S5
1 to 4
SR2
ST2
2 to 4
S4
SR2
ST2
1 to 4
S5
SR2
ST2
1 to 4
1 to 4
S3
of the stove
1 to 3
S4
SR2
ST2
4
1 to 4
S5
S5
SR2
SR2
ST2
ST2
dispensers,
paper
towel
containers,
containers
for
cleaning cloths and hygiene
bags, cigarette rests in toilets and
washrooms
25
Table 5 (continued)
1
No.
4
Requirements
Fire protection
level as
Flammabilit
Smoke
specified in
y
generatio
DIN 5510-1
class
n class
1 to 4
S4
1 to 4
SR2
SF3
Drop
forming
class
Remarks
Explanatory notes
ST2
1 to 4
S3
1 to 4
SF1
93 Floors
in
enclosed
compartments
staff
1 to 4
Requirements
as specified in
4.2.5.6
According to the VorMufige Richtlinie far den vorbeugenden Brandschutz bei Personenfahrzeugen nach der Verordnung Ober den Bau and Betrieb der Straenbahnen
(BOStrab) of 15 March 1985, interior cladding in ceiling areas should be made of non-combustible materials; whereby a combustible(!) cladding of not more than 1 mm
thickness may be applied to the passenger compartment surface (note on subclause 4.3 of Vorlufige Richtlinie far den vorbeugenden Brandschutz bei
Personenfahrzeugen).
Findings obtained in large-scale fire tests clearly lead to the conclusion that such a strict requirement for a non-combustible interior ceiling cannot be met, especially
since this would prevent many future design developments from being implemented (e.g. glass fibre reinforced plastic (GRP) moulded parts). The "non-combustibility"
requirement will therefore be replaced by a solution which is acceptable from the safety-engineering aspect and which has been tried and tested in practical
applications.
In the case of material combinations and composite materials, each individual material - except for surface coatings with a nominal thickness of less than 0.3 mm and
adhesive layers - shall meet the requirements of class S4 when tested in accordance with E DIN 54837. In addition, an exposed cut edge of a sample of the entire
material combination or composite material, rotated by 90 , shall meet the requirements of class S4 when tested in accordance with DIN 54837. In this case,
edge-ignition flame exposure as may be required according to 5.2.1 can be omitted.
26
No.
Vehicle parts
requiring
certification
Fire
protection
level as in
DIN 5510-1
Test
standards
Requirements
Remarks
1 to 4
DIN EN
Single wires and cables are deemed to have passed the test if Thin fibre-optic cables or single wires and cables
60332-1-2 (VDE the distance between the lower end of the upper clamp and the with diameters of less than 0.5 mm2 shall be tested
0482-332-1-2)
start of the charred section is greater than 50 mm. If the flame as described in DIN EN 60332-2-2 (VDE
extends for more than 540 mm downwards from the lower end of 0482-332-2-2) if the conductor breaks or melts
the upper clamp, this shall be deemed to be nonconformity. If one before the end of the test when tested as defined in
failed test is recorded, two further tests shall be carried out. If DIN EN 60332-1-2 (VDE 0482-332-1-2).
these two tests are subsequently passed, the wire or cable is
deemed to have passed the test.
2 to 4
DIN EN
Can also be tested on reference cross-sections as
Test category C for cable diameters 12 mm.
50266-2-4 (VDE At the end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred described in
0482-266-2-4)
section, measured on the sample and from the lower edge of the DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1)
burner, shall not have reached a height of 2.5 m on either side of or DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
the conductors.
2 to 4
Test category D for cable diameters > 6 mm and < 12 mm. At the Can also be tested on reference crosssections as
DIN EN
50266-2-5 (VDE end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred section, described in
measured on the sample and from the lower edge of the burner, DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1)
0482-266-2-5)
shall not have reached a height of 2.5 m on either side of the or DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
conductors.
Test category D for cable diameters 6 mm.
Can also be tested on reference crosssections as
DIN EN
50266-2-5 (VDE Set-up according to DIN EN 50306-1
described in
0482-266-2-5)
DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1)
(VDE 0260-306-1):2003-05, 8.2.3 or DIN EN 50264-1
(VDE 0260-264-1):2003-06, 8.2.3, whichever is appropriate. At or DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
the end of the test, the greatest distance of the charred section,
measured on the sample and from the lower edge of the burner,
shall not have reached a height of 1.5 m on either side of the
conductors.
DIN EN 61034-1 Within the first 20 minutes, the light transmittance shall not drop This does not apply to interconnecting cables
(VDE
to below 60 %.
located on the exterior between vehicles.
0482-1034-1)
Can also be tested on reference cross-sections as
described in DIN EN 50306-1 (VDE 0260-306-1) or
DIN EN 50264-1 (VDE 0260-264-1).
27
Vehicle components
Certification
required
yes/no
Requirements
yes
no
See 5.3
no
no
See 5.3
Table 8 - Vehicle parts for rail service vehicles and auxiliary vehicles
Vehicle components
Certification required
Requirements
no
no
Flammability class S3
no
See 5.3
28
5.4 Materials and components which are deemed to meet the requirements
(classified materials and components)
The materials and components listed in Table 9 are deemed to have met the requirements of
the flammability classes and smoke generation and/or drop forming classes shown.
Table 9 Materials and components which are deemed to conform to the requirements
Requirements
S5, SR2, ST2
Metals and alloysa with organic coatings of a nominal thickness < 0.3 mm
Metals and alloysa with inorganic coatings and an organic coating with a thickness of not
more than 0.3 mm
Glassb, stoneware, ceramic products and natural stone
Construction materials that meet the requirements of the Brandschacht (fire flue) test for
class B1 building materials as defined in DIN 4102-1. The integral of smoke obscuration
stated in the test certificate shall be 150 (% min) and there shall be no remarks
regarding any formation of burning drops. As an alternative, construction materials
conforming to the requirements C sl, d0 or B sl, d0 as specified in DIN EN 13501-1.
The requirements are also deemed to be met if a film with a thickness of not more that
0.3 mm has been applied to single-layer or multi-layer safety glass or to S5 materials.
S4
(without requirements
concerning smoke and
burning drop formation)
Construction materials that meet the requirements of the Brandschacht (fire flue) test for class
B1 building materials as defined in DIN 4102-1. As an alternative, construction materials
conforming to the requirements C s3, d2 as specified in DIN EN 13501-1 or to stricter
requirements.
Decorative high-pressure laminates (HPL) of types S, P and F as defined in DIN EN 438-1 and
with thicknesses of 0.5 mm to 2 mm and whose entire surfaces are bonded by
3
non-thermoplastic glue to standardized wood materials with a dry density of 400 kg/m and a
thickness of 10 mm.
S1
a
b
Metals and alloys which are not in fine granular form, except for alkali and alkaline earth metals and their alloys.
Multi-layered safety glass is deemed to conform to the requirements if the intermediate layers are not exposed to
the flames in the installed condition.
29
6 Inspection certificate
Inspection certificates as defined in DIN 5510-1 shall only be awarded with respect to fire
protection behavior after testing using the methods described in clause 4.
Passenger seats are deemed to have passed the inspection certificate tests if one original
seat has been subjected to each test in the position and orientation which was found to be the
most critical in the suitability tests.
All specifications exceeding these are subject to agreement with the responsible authority.
Appendix A
(normative)
Testing seats as in 4.2.5
A.1 Arrangement in the test room
Figure A.1 shows how the seats are to be arranged in the corner under the exhaust hood
during the tests.
Dimensions in mm
Key
1 To exhaust gas scrubber
2 Rectifier
3 Exhaust conduit
4 Baffles
5 Light attenuation measurement position
6 Exhaust hood, 3 m3 m
Figure A.1 Test apparatus
31
Key
1 Backrest
2 Seat
a 400 mm
Fibre materials:
groundwood, bleached, 70
parts
Percentage by mass,
in %
Tolerance
89
11
In deviation from the specifications given in DIN 54341, the paper used here shall have a
grammage of (50 2.5) g/m.
4)
4) Information on this paper can be obtained from the Normenausschuss Fahrweg und Schienenfahrzeuge
(FSF) in DIN (Railway Standardization Committee), Panoramaweg 1, 34131 Kassel, Germany.
Also in deviation from the specifications given in DIN 54341, the burning time of the paper
cushion used here shall be (2.5 0.5) minutes on a mineral substrate.
The paper cushions shall be made of white, unprinted web printing paper (newsprint) with the
following properties:
grammage = (50 .5) g/m
Key
1 Last paper ball inserted, possibly smaller than the others
2 Staples
Figure A.3 Paper cushion
After being conditioned in a DIN 50014-23/50-2 standard atmosphere for 24 h, a paper
cushion made using this method should burn for (2.5 0.5) minutes after being ignited on a
mineral surface.
33
c) Place a circular steel fuel basin (open at the top) with an internal diameter of (350 5)
mm and an inner wall height of 152 mm and wall thickness of 3 mm on a platform made
of a 400 mm400 mm slab of calcium silicate. The top edge of the basin shall be 600 mm
above the floor. Position the fuel basin in such a way that the clear distances of the side
of the fuel basin both to the rear and to the side wall are 300 mm.
d) Pour (2 000 10) g of water into the fuel basin.
e) Wait for at least 2 minutes, then carefully pour (2 84010) g of n-heptane (99 % purity)
onto the surface of the water in the fuel basin.
f) Start recording the data. After a 60-second start-up period, ignite the heptane. Record the
measurements (volume flow rate and light transmittance) at 3-second intervals.
g) The smoke density values shall be determined for 60 seconds before ignition, during the
entire time the heptane is burning, and 60 seconds after it has extinguished.
h) The measured value of total smoke produced, TSP, in relation to the heptane mass
mHeptan shall be
2
TSP/mHeptan = (12525) m /kg. If this value is not obtained, then the system (e.g. the smoke
density measuring device including the absorption filters as well as the volume flow
measuring system) shall be checked.
Appendix B
(normative)
Smoke production calculation
The total smoke produced during the test, TSP, is calculated as follows:
where
V(t) is the volume flow rate of the exhaust system (m/s);
V298(t) is the equivalent volume flow rate of the exhaust system at a temperature of 298 K,
(m/s);
T(t) is the temperature in the section of the apparatus where the measurements are taken (K).
Where
SPR(t) is the smoke production rate (m/s);
V(t) is the volume flow rate (not converted to the corresponding value at standard conditions)
of the exhaust system (m/s);
L is the light travel path through the duct (m), which is assumed to be equal to the duct
diameter;
I is the zero-reading signal value from the light sensor (mean value of at least 5
measurements), (e.g. in mV);
I(t) is the reading signal from the light sensor, (e.g. in mV).
Where
SPR(t) is the smoke production rate (m/s);
TSPtmax is the total smoke produced (m) during the entire test tmax;
3 a factor of 3 is used because measurements are taken at 3-second intervals.
35
Appendix C
(normative)
Determining the toxicity of fire effluents
C.1 General
Experimental studies enabling the toxicologically relevant components of fire effluents to be
continuously determined over certain periods are essential for a realistic and risk-related
assessment of the toxicity of the fire effluents produced when products used in railway
vehicles burn or are exposed to fire. As no complete test and evaluation method is yet
available, the toxicity requirements outlined below are partly based on conservative
assumptions.
36
37
CIT values are dimensionless. The sum component is calculated from the ratio of the
emission value to the reference value of the individual gas components. The effluent shall be
analysed for the following eight gases:
CO2, CO, HF, HCl, HBr, HCN, SO2 and NO25)
5)
NO2 also includes the NO component, which is evaluated as being equivalent to NO2. Both the NO and
the NO2 concentrations shall be measured. The concentration of NO in mg/m shall be multiplied by
46/30 (the ratio of the molar masses of NO2 and NO, respectively) in order to obtain the equivalent NO2
-3
-3
mg/m value. The total NO2 value is then the sum of the mg/m concentration of NO multiplied by
-3
46/30 and the measured mg/m NO2 concentration.
39
carbon dioxide
CO 2
carbon monoxide
CO
hydrogen fluoride
HF
25
hydrogen chloride
HCI
75
hydrogen bromide
HBr
99
hydrogen cyanide
HCN
55
nitrogen dioxide
NO2
38
sulphur dioxide
SO2
262
The NO2 value includes both NO2 and NO (the reference value corresponds to the
IDLH value of NO2).
NOTE The reference concentrations are based on the IDLH (Immediately Dangerous to Life
and Health) values published by the American NIOSH (National Institute for Occupational
Safety and Health), exposure duration 30 minutes.
Where
ci
Ci
0.080 5
NOTE 150 m can be understood to be equivalent to the volume of a larger vehicle, but it is not equal
to the actual volume of a carriage or train section. The scaling factor does not take into account the
development of smoke layers spreading outside of the carriage, ventilation and condensation on cold
surfaces etc.
where
Cti is the dose of exposure to ith gas (mg/m3 min);
3
Ci is the reference concentration of the ith gas number i as listed in Table C.1 (mg/m );
tzul is the maximum allowable exposure time in the vehicle as listed in Table C.2 or Table C.3
(minutes).
where
mi is the mass of ith gas number i released by the fire (mg);
t is the time, measured from the start of the test (min)
V Referenz is the volume of the reference scenario (V Referenz 150 m3).
where
ci,m is the mass concentration of the ith gas (mg/m3);
V 0,Abluft is the exhaust volume flow rate, converted to the equivalent at p0 and T0 (m/s).
where
ci,v is the (measured) volume proportion of ith gas (106);
Mi is the molar mass of ith gas (mg/mol);
p0 is the gas pressure (Pa), e.g. p0 101 300 Pa;
T0 is the gas temperature (K), e.g. T0 298 K;
R is the gas constant (R 8.314 5 J .mol1 K).
41
The doses of exposure to the individual gases Cti(tzul) and the masses mi(t) of the individual
gases released by the fire shall be determined by numerical integration (using the trapezoid
rule). The time interval (t 1 min) selected for measuring the gas concentration shall be
used as a basis of the integration.
where
CIT4, CIT8 are the CIT values calculated for 4 minutes and 8 minutes test duration
respectively, as described in C.3.2 (the mean value of three tests in each case)
tzul is the maximum allowable exposure time in the vehicle as listed in Table C.2 or Table C.3.
This procedure checks whether, in case of a fire, a passenger is able to escape from the
vehicle being tested without assistance and without exceeding the maximum allowable
exposure time. The equation is based on the reference scenario (see scaling factor), and in
addition to this, an approximation of the fire effluent emissions over time is taken into
consideration.
NOTE The ignition model on which the calculations represents a radiation source producing a heat flux
of 25 kW/m on a surface area of 0.1 m. The resulting fire effluents are assumed to be distributed in a
volume of 150 m (see explanation of scaling factor in C.3.2)
If the maximum allowable exposure time permitted exposure durations given in Tables C.2
and C.3 do not adequately apply to real operating conditions of the respective vehicle, the
smoke gas/fire effluent toxicity may be evaluated specifically for that vehicle by methods
normally used in fire prevention and protection engineering.
Maximum
Fire
protection allowable
level as exposure
time
specified in
DIN 5510-1
min
1
2 to 4
30
2 to 4
30
2 to 4
30
2 to 4
1 to 3
1
30
30
2 to 4
30
1
2 to 4
1
2 to 4
1
2 to 4
1
30
15
30
2 to 4
30
2 to 4
15
1
2 to 4
30
24
25
1
2 to 4
30
Remarks
13
14 Cladding of gangway systems (rubber cylinders,
bellows-type)
15
16 Ducts for heating, ventilation and cooling
built into roof section
17
1
2 to 4
15
6)
Columns 1 to 3 are identical to those of Table 5. This means that the vehicle parts requiring
certification can be classified on the basis of the numbers in column 1. The contents of columns 5 and 6
(Remarks and Explanatory notes) in Table 5 apply similarly for Table C.2.
43
No.
28
Insulating materials (sound-proofing and /or
29 thermal insulation) for roofs, side panels
and face ends, external doors and floors,
applied to the internal surfaces of the vehicle
30
1
3
2 and 4
30
2 and 4
30
32 Underbody coating
33
Insulating materials for roofs, side panels
and face ends, external doors and floors
(products in sheet or web form)
1 to 4
1
34
2 to 4
30
2 and 4
3
30
2 and 3
30
Fire
Requirement:
protection
permitted exposure Remarks
level as
time
specified in
min
DIN 5510-1
see nos. 30 and 31
4
1
2 and 3
4
30
2 and 3
4
30
30
2 and 3
4
30
30
S5 required
S5 required
S5 required
Fire
protection
level as
specified in
DIN 5510-1
Requirement:
permitted
exposure time
min
51 Runners, carpets
52
15
53
3 and 4
30
2 and 3
56
57 Luggage racks
58
30
59
60
61 Window locking frame, if not included in no.
43
62 Window locking frame, if not included in no.
44
63 Window locking frame, if not included in no.
45
64 Window framing
4
1
30
30
2 and 3
30
30
2 to 4
15
30
68
30
70
2 and 3
30
71
72
4
2 to 4
30
15
2 to 4
15
1
2 to 4
30
2 to 4
30
74 Seat
75
76 F olding s ea ts witho ut bac k res t
(auxiliary seats), arm rests, head rests, side
supports on headrests, pillows
77
S5 required
1
2 and 3
73
S5 required
67
Remarks
55
65
Can also be
evaluated in tests
under
real
If the material
structure
is identical to that of a
tested seat (nos. 74
and 75) certification
corresponding to this
component is valid.
45
No.
Fire
Requirement
protection
permitted
level as
exposure time
specified in
min
DIN 5510-1
1
2 and 3
30
30
1 to 4
1 to 4
Remarks
no SR requirements
S5 required
2 to 4
30
1 to 4
S5 required
1 to 4
1 to 4
no SR requirements
1 to 3
4
30
S5 required
1 to 4
S5 required
1 to 4
30
1 to 4
1 to 4
30
1 to 4
1 to 4
30
Can also be evaluated in tests
under real conditions
no SR requirements
no smoke generation
requirements
no smoke generation
requirements
Fire protection
level as
Vehicle parts requiring
No.
specified
in DIN
certification
5510-1
2
Test standard
2 to 4
DIN EN 50266-2-4
(VDE 0482-266-2-4)
DIN EN 50266-2-5
(VDE 0482-266-2-5)
Maximum allowable
exposure time
min
30
if used inside vehicles
15
if used outside vehicles
DIN EN 50305
(VDE 0260-305):2003-03, 9.1.2
C.3.6 Materials and components that are deemed to meet the requirements
Materials and components of building material classes A1 and A2 (as defined in DIN 4102 or
DIN EN 13501) and S5 materials as defined in this standard are deemed to conform to the fire
effluent toxicity requirements.
47
the FED(t) and a remark as to whether the requirements have been met.
If the tests were carried out in a test chamber as defined in DIN EN ISO 5659-2, the following
test results shall also be recorded:
the weight before testing;
the time up to the point when the specimen caught fire (if at all) and at which it stopped
burning;
the temperature at the sampling location, measured after 4 minutes and 8 minutes.
Appendix D
(informative)
Analysis methods for testing the toxicity of fire effluents
D.1 General
Any of the analysis methods described below may be used to analyse the individual fire effluent
components both qualitatively and quantitatively.
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
The general instructions concerning the test procedure, calibration and evaluation of FTIR
analyses as defined in ISO 19702 are to be observed. The terms used in the following
explanations are defined in ISO 19702.
D.2.3 Sampling
Samples of the fire effluent are taken from the test chamber. The sample is filtered and then
passed via a sampling tube through the FTIR spectrometers sampling cell in discontinuous
batches after 4 minutes and again after 8 minutes. The sample is taken from inside the test
chamber using a stainless-steel probe (see C.2.1.2.4).
A three-way valve is connected to the end of the stainless-steel probe outside of the test chamber.
This three-way valve permits alternating samples to be taken from the ambient atmosphere or
from the test chamber. A suitable PTFE particle filter shall be installed downstream of the
three-way valve. A flat or cylindrical filter with a porosity of less than or equal to 3 m shall be
used to protect the mirroring inside the measuring cell. A filter that permits easy replacement of
the filter elements and is suitable for temperatures of up to (165 15) C shall be used.
The filter shall be kept heated to a temperature of (165 15) C to prevent condensation of water
vapour or other decomposition products, otherwise hydrophilic gases such as hydrogen chloride
would dissolve in the condensate and would therefore not be passed on for analysis. Other filter
materials e.g. ceramics or stainless steel may be used, provided that these achieve a 3 m
filtration and that none of the substances to be analysed adhere to the filter.
Sampling shall be carried out with a flow rate of (4 0.5) l/min to avoid creating a sub-atmospheric
pressure in the chamber (it takes roughly 30 seconds to take each of the two fire effluent
samples).
The flow rate shall be adapted to suit the volume and the optical wavelength of the gas analysis
cell so that it is able to record a spectrum within 15 seconds or less. The response time (the time
taken to replace the complete volume of gas in the cell) shall not exceed the time it takes to
record the spectra. The delay time (time taken to convey the gas from the probe to the analysis
cell) shall be determined and corrected if necessary so that samples can be conveyed from the
chamber to the cell after 4 minutes and again after 8 minutes (normally the delay time is very
short, so that no correction is required).
The tubing used to convey the gas shall be made of chemically inert material and shall be able to
withstand temperatures of up to 180 C for longer periods. It shall be heated to (165 15) C. The
tube length shall not exceed 2 m. Heat-resistant PTFE tubing with a lumen diameter of 4 mm has
been found to be suitable.
Key
1 Counter, optional
6 Heated filter
2 Pump
7 Three-way valve
3 Flow meter
8 Test chamber
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
-1
The interferometer shall permit continuous sampling and have a resolution of 4 cm or better,
-1
and should be capable of recording spectra in the wave number range from 500 cm to 4 200
-1
cm .
A high-speed DTGS type detector (ambient temperatures) or an MCT (nitrogen-cooled) detector
is recommended as the internal detector.
The sampling period shall be 3 s.
The interval between spectra measurements shall be 15 s. It is recommended that at least 4
or 5 samples are taken for each spectrum in order to improve accuracy.
The lower sensitivity level of gas component detection (minimum detection limit MDL) should
be15 . m6 (the detection limits differ depending on the gas components). The detection limit
for carbon monoxide can be < 300 m6.
where
ci,m is the concentration of the gas number i in the chamber after a test duration of 4 minutes or 8
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
3
minutes (mg/m );
ci,v is the volume proportion of the ith gas (measured by FTIR spectroscopy) in the chamber after
a test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes;
Mi is the molar mass of the ith gas (mg/mol);
pKammer is the gas pressure in the chamber after a test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes (Pa);
R is the molar gas constant (R = 8.314 5 J/(molK);
TKammer is the gas temperature in the chamber after a test duration of 4 minutes and 8 minutes (K).
3
The concentrations ci,m in mg/m of the individual fire effluent components are used to
calculate the CIT value (Conventional Index of Toxicity) as described in C.3.2.
Wet chemical (or liquid) analysis methods are methods in which the fire gases are passed
through an absorbent solution. Following the test, suitable media are used to analyse the
absorbent solution for the relevant compounds. The mean concentrations of the gas components
during the sampling period can be calculated from the quantity of gas passed through the
absorption solution and the quantity of the corresponding components found in the solution.
The basic equation for these calculations is:
D.3.2 Sampling
The concentration of the substances shall be determined 4 minutes and 8 minutes after the start
of the test. To enable absorption of a sufficient quantity of fire gases, the absorption shall be
started 30 seconds before the nominal measuring time and continued for 30 seconds after that
time (i. e. from 3 minutes, 30 seconds to 4 minutes, 30 seconds, and from 7 minutes, 30 seconds
to 8 minutes, 30 seconds, respectively).
To obtain the samples, the fire gas is drawn through one or more scrubbing flasks connected in
series. A speed-controllable pump and a calibrated gas meter are connected downstream of the
scrubbing flask(s). In order to be able to convert the volume flow reading to the equivalent at
normal temperature and pressure, the temperature of the gas shall be measured at the gas meter
(see explanation of H after equation in D.3.1). The gas meter is used to determine the volume of
gas drawn through the apparatus during sampling. If more than one absorption line is used, each
line shall be connected to one of the chamber outlets. The flow rate in each absorption line shall
be set to 2 l/min. If the samples for several analyses are drawn from one outlet, a manifold shall
be installed downstream of the filter and measures shall be taken to ensure that no line can draw
gas back from any of the other lines.
After the first analysis has been made, the scrubbing flasks are either replaced or a multi-way
valve on each sampling line is used to switch the flow to another scrubbing flask (or set of flasks).
The gases leaving the test chamber shall be drawn through a filter heated to at least (165 15)
C (PTFE filters with a pore width of 2 m have been found to be suitable). PTFE tubing shall be
used for the gas sampling lines. After the testing of a product has been concluded, these lines
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
shall be flushed and checked to ensure that there is no residual contamination. They shall be
replaced if it is no longer possible to clean them adequately.
D.3.3 Analyses
Analyses are carried out in a manner similar to that described in ISO 19701. The procedures for
the various gases are outlined below:
component
scrubbing flasks
high-performance ion
H2O (distilled)
high-performance ion
HBR
1.
scrubbing
flask:
75
ml
H2O, no frits
chromatography
ISO 19701:2005,
4.1.2
4.7
for SO2
(HPIC)
SO 2
2.
chromatography (HPIC)
as described in
s c r u b b i n g f l a s k : 150 ml
H2O, with frits
spectrophotometry
HF
Calibration and evaluation shall be carried out as described in the appropriate clauses of ISO
19701. Where alternative methods are used, proof shall be provided that these produce the same
results.
In this case, the reference concentration of HBr (99 mg/m ) shall be used.
NOTE The ppm values read off the colorimetric detector tubes need to be converted to mg/m HBr
equivalent, as the HBr reference concentration is the most critical value owing to its molecular mass.
The toxicity data (CIT values) shall be determined at times t = 4 mins and t = 8 mins after starting
the test.
The test set-up and the procedure are described in the following clauses of E DIN EN 2824*).
Gas-sampling probes
Plastic bags for gas sampling
Vacuum chamber
Vacuum pump
Alternative gas-sampling methods
Colorimetric tubes
Dosing pump
Figure 9: Gas sampling test set-up
Gas sampling and the analysis procedure are described in clause 9 and the following clauses of
E DIN EN 2826:1995-06.
Select the colorimetric detector tubes for the relevant concentration ranges. If suitable tubes are
available, the HF component can also be determined by colorimetry. When indicator tubes as
described in D.4 are used, a comparison measurement by FTIR spectroscopy as described in D.2
shall be carried out if the result exceeds 80 % of the FED(t) limit value.
The manufacturer's notes and instructions on the use of the colorimetric detector tubes shall be
observed.
DIN 5510-2:2009-05
References
DIN 53436-5, Producing thermal decomposition products from materials in an air stream and their
toxicological testing - Part 5: Method to calculate the toxicity
E DIN EN 2826: 1995-06, Aerospace series Burning behaviour of non metallic materials under
the influence of radiating heat and flames Determination of gas components in the smoke;
German version EN 2826:1995
ISO 13344, Estimation of the lethal toxic potency of fire effluents
ISO/TR 13387, Fire safety engineering
I
SO/TS 13571, Life-threatening components of fire Guidelines for the estimation of time
available for escape using fire data
ISO/TS 16312-1, Guidance for assessing the validity of physical fire models for obtaining fire
effluent toxicity data for fire hazard and risk assessment Part 1: Criteria