12234

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC-27001-2005 Certified)
Summer 12 Examinations
Subject Code : 12234
Model Answer
Page No : 1 of 25
Please Read Note before Assessment

NOTE :This is a practical oriented subject depends upon
assumptions answer may vary. So do not stickup with
model answers give marks for correct steps and
equivalent diagrams and answers.
Q.1 (a)
i) State and explain jointing methods ( Any one)
In electrical work different types of joints are used.
1) Pig tail or rat-tail or twisted joints.
2) Married joint.
3) Tee joint.
4) Britannia joint.
5) Western union joint.
6) Scarfed joint.
7) Tap joint.
( 1 mark)
Different types of joints,1) Pig tail or rat-tail or twisted joints RAT TAIL JOINT
( 2 mark)
This type of joint is suitable for pieces where there is no mechanical stress on
the conductors. This type of joint is found in the junction box or conduit accessories box.
This joint maintain good electrical conductivity.
OR
(1 mark)

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Model Answer
Page No : 2 of 25
Married joint
This type of joint is used in places where appreciable electrical conductivity is

required along with compactness, The mechanical strength for this joint is less. This joint
is used at places where tensile stress is not so more.
OR
2) Tee joint
This type of joint is used in overhead distribution lines where the electrical
energy is to be tapped for service connection.
OR
3) Britannia joint
* Britannia straight joint
* Britannia tee joint
* Britannia straight joint
This joint is used in overload lines where considerable tensile strength is

required. It is also used for both inside & outside wiring where single conductors of
diameter 4 mm or more are 4
OR.

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Model Answer
Page No : 3 of 25
* Britannia tee joint
This joint is used for overhead lines for tapping the electrical energy
permanently to the service lines.
OR
4) Western union joint
This joint is used in overhead lines for extending the length of wire where the
joint subjected to considerable tensile stress.
OR
5) Scarfed joint
This joint is used in large single conductors where good appearance and
compactness are the main considerations. This joint is not subjected to appreciable
tensile stress. For indoor wiring for earth conductors this joint is used.
OR
6) Tap joint
Commonly used tap joint.
i) Plain tap joint

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Model Answer
Page No : 4 of 25
This type of joint is most frequently used and is quickly made. Soldering
makes the joint more reliable.
OR
ii) Aerial tap joint
This type of joint is used for wires where there is a considerable movement.
There fore it is left without soldering for low current circuits only. In this type of joint there is
tapping of wire for a long distance over a main wire. The wire is twisted in such a fashion
that there should be a free movement of the tap wire over the main wire.
OR
iii) Knotted tap joint
This type of joint is used where there is a considerable tensile stress. Duplex
OR

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Model Answer
Page No : 5 of 25
iv) cross tap joint -
This type of joint is used where two wires are to be

tapped at the same time.
This type of joint is used where two wires are to be tapped at the same time.
OR
v) Double-cross tap joint -
This is a combination of two plain taps.

Marking is same as first, Any one of above method.
ii) Steps for locating faults in electric oven

The possible faults in an electric oven are (i) open circuit faults (ii) short
circuit faults (iii) Earth leakage fault
i) Open circuit fault:-

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1)
Model Answer
Page No : 6 of 25
Connect test lamp as shown in fig.
2) If the lamp is dark (OFF), there is open circuit.
( 1 mark)
ii)
1)
Connect the teat lamp as shown in fig.
2)
If the lamp glows brightly there is short circuit.
( 1 mark)
iii) Earth or Leakage fault
( 2 mark)
1) Connect the test lamp as shown in fig.
2) If lamp glows brightly, there is earth fault.
3) If lamp does not glow but spark occurs at metal body of the oven, there
is leakage fault.

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Page No : 7 of 25
Model Answer
iii) Non pressure type water heater Fig.-
( 2 mark)
1) Indicator lamp To indicate whether supply is ON or OFF

2) Heating element - To heat the water.
3) Thermostat To sanse temperature and control accordingly.
4) Insulation To insulate inner & outer container. To avoid leakage of temperature.
5) Inner container Water is heated in this container & heating element is provided
inside the container.
iv) 1) Oscillator
( 2 mark)

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Model Answer
Page No : 8 of 25
2) Amplifier
( 2 mark)
Oscillator ICS CA555 and CA3030.

Amplifier IC 810 & IC 741
Q. 1 (b)
i)
( 2 mark)
a) Electrical hand tools :-
1) Pliers for tightening, for dismantling of equipment.

2) Screw driver For tightening of screw.
3) Tester To check live wire.
4) Test lamp To check continuity .
5) Electrician knife for cutting wires
6) Measuring tape To take measurement .
7) S.W.G. To measure gauge.
( 3 mark)
b) Mech. Hand tools :1) Cutting tool for cutting

E.g. saw, Hacksaw
2) Drilling tool for drilling
E.g. Hand drill, portable drill
3) Holding tool To keep equipments
E.g. bench, vices
4) Striking tool for marking, bending
E.g. Hammer, punch
5) Other tools for doff. Purposes
E.g. spanner etc.
( 3 mark)

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Model Answer
Page No : 9 of 25
ii) 1) * Fault - Dead set

* Causes :- A.C. fuse blow
Thermal fuse blow
Control transformer failed
Defective controller
Defective power supply
* Remedi - Change fuse,
Change power supply cord
( 2 mark)
2) * Fault - Not response to any button on touch pad

* Causes :- Damaged touch pad
Damaged board controller
Interlock switch not closed
* Remedi:- Change touch pad
Check functioning of interlock switch
( 2 mark)
3) * Fault - No cooking taking place

* Causes :- Defective start button
HV transformer fuse,
Magnetron, failure of contact
HV fuse
* Remedi:- Check functioning of each part & if damaged then replace ( 2 mark)
4) * Fault - Fuse blow on initial cooking cycle

* Causes :- Wiring defect
Magnetron defect
* Remedi:- Check wiring & repair it
Change magnetron
( 2 mark)

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Page No : 10 of 25
Model Answer
Note :- Any three should be written each have 2 marks.

Q. 2 a) Food processor -
( 2 marks )
Construction :Food processor consists of Basic unit ( motor housing), motor shaft coupling,
switch knob, over load indicator & different plastic jars with blades.
The number of accessories are required during the working of the food
processor. The food processor can be used as a grinder, a juicer & slicer ,the jars used for
such purposes are different.
The heavy duty universal motor used in the food processor is connected to
switch & supply leads in the bottom of the main unit. This connection is with high quality
motor protection & overload circuit breaker the function of this device is to protect the
electric motor from heavy loads. When the motor is overloaded, the circuit automatically
breaks due to the bi-metallic action in the circuit breaker.
( 4 marks)
* Working principle :It consists of universal motor, when current is passed through both
field coil & Armature coil magnetic fields are produced, due to interaction of two
magnetic fields ,the armature is starts rotated & hence shaft coupling it.
( 2 marks)
b) Various faults in automatic electric iron are as follows,i) Open circuit fault-
1) Connect test lamp as shown in fig.

2) If the lamp is dark (OFF), there is open circuit.
( 1.5 mark)

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Model Answer
Page No : 11 of 25
ii) Short circuit test
1)
Connect the teat lamp as shown in fig.
2)
If the lamp glows brightly there is short circuit.
( 1.5 mark)
iii) Earth 0r leakage test
1) Connect the test lamp as shown in fig.

2) If lamp glows brightly, there is earth fault.
3) If lamp does not glow but spark occurs at metal body of the oven, there
is leakage fault.
( 1.5 mark)
iv) Checking of thermostat arrangement
To Check the working of thermostat arrangement, follow the given procedure.

1) Rotate the dial knob and see the contacts.
2) It confirms loose or tight connection.
3) When the contact points are in ON position, the pilot lamp glows and when the
contacts are open due to over-heat of iron, no current flows and lamps does not
glow. To check whether thermostat is working or not, connect 60 watt lamp in

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Page No : 12 of 25
Model Answer
parallel to the iron. When iron is working means contacts are in ON position the
lamp will throw out dim light. If contacts are open, lamp will throw out bright
light.
( 1.5 mark)
* Estimating the cost of repairing of automatic electric iron.
Name of firm :- ABC
Job No. XX
Job Name:- Repair of automatic iron.
Date : xx/xx/xxxx
Date of delivery :- xx/xx/xxxx
Details of job :- Replacement of heating

Heating element.
Sr. No.
1
Item
Material used
Rate
Quantity
Total
300.00
01
300.00
Remarks
Heating coil ( Heating element)

2
Testing Charges
100.00
Taxes @ 5 % VAT
15.00
Delivery taken by
( Sign of customer)
100.00
-
15.00
Total =
415.00
Manager
(2 marks)
c) 1) Features of fully automatic washing m/c,1) Free injection of hot and cold water. Wash and rinse with warm water is good, for
detergent can better dissolve into the cleaning mixture.
2) Slight vibration, low noise : The new gear transmission technology is adopted to
decrease noise.
3) Strong washing ability with less twist. Spurt water current in the stainless steel inner
tub without holes help get rid of heavy stain. Complete rinse also ensures washing
ability.

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Model Answer
Page No : 13 of 25
4) Eight water level selection : subtle control of water volume saves you water and
energy.
5) Easy and simple to use with complete functions: It satisfies your familys needs of
washing with such fully automatic programs as preset washing. Dynamic soak, super
washing.
6) Dependable : the washer automatically sounds alarm when it comes to trouble and
then rectify it.
7) Pleasant and compact structure, exquisite cabinet with medium washing capacity. It is
of stylish outlook design. More information in the specification.
8) Memory back-up function: The washing machine has an in-built memory function,
thus ensuring that it will start from the same point from where it has stopped, on
resumption of power supply. This prevents you from harassment of the power cut which
provide your family with a comfortable washing environment.
9) Suggestion: If the voltage range exceed 230v 15%, we suggest add a manostat to
the washing machine.
(6 marks)
2) Precautions while operating washing m/c.

1) Safe use of power plug the power cord into the special voltage.
2) Keep away from dampness: Do not place the washing m/c in extreme damp
surroundings.
3) Dont use hot water :- do not use hot water over 50C to avoid deformation of the
plastics.
4) Dont open the lid in time of spinning : If the lid is opened in the time of spinning the
washing m/c will arrest at once, which will shorten the service life.
5) Avoid spray of water : Dont let water spray into the switch or the control panel in
case of electric shock & faults.
6) Keep away from smoke and fire : Dont place lighted candled, cigarettes and thermos
nearly to avoid fire accidents of deformation of the plastics.
( 2 marks)

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Model Answer
Page No : 14 of 25
Q. 3 a) Effects of an Electric current 1) Heating effect

e.g. Heater / Geyser etc.
( 1 mark)
2) Magnetic effect
e.g. Electric Bell etc.
( 1 mark)
3) Chemical effect
e.g. Battery charging etc.
( 1 mark)
4) Lighting effect
e.g. Electric bulb etc.
b)
( 1 mark)
Dismantling of A.C. ceiling fan
- Disconnect supply by switching of control switch & switching off main isolating
switch.
- Remove the blades.
- Disconnect wires from ceiling rose.
- Lower the top canopy.
- Bring down the fan after removing the bolt from the shackle & clamp.
- Not down connection & colours of wire & disconnect the fan terminals from the
terminal block.
(2 marks)
Remove the decorating cup, if any, remove false cover.
Mark & unsrew the cover fixing screw & separate out bottom cover & the rotor
Remove the split pin & the set screw.
Remove condenser from housing.
Pull out rotor & stator from top cover.
Assembling of A.C. ceiling fan

Assemble the dismantal parts in the reverse order to that of dismantling.
( 2 marks)
c) Testing of resistor :* Calculate value of resistor from colour code which is to be tested.
* Set multi meter to ohm side & select proper range.
* Connect probes to terminals of resistor & note down reading.
* Resistor is good if calculated value & measured value are close.

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Model Answer
Page No : 15 of 25
* If multi meter shows infinity, then resistor is open, if it shows zero reading then it is
shorted.
( 2 marks)
Testing of Capacity :* Connect negative probe to capacitors positive terminal& positive probe to negative
terminal of capacity.
* Set multi meter to R x 10 or R x 1 k scale.
* For electrolytic capacitor, multi meter goes to zero & goes back to infinite again.
( 2 marks)
d) Temperature ranges of thermostat :4) Electric iron
- 0 to 250 C
3) Toaster
- 100C to 200 C
2) Geyser
- 0 C to 130 C
1) Electric oven
- 127C to 227 C
( 1 x 4 = 4 marks)
e) Block diagram -
( 2 marks)
The circuit is build around a micro-controller which is pre-programmed for desired
output & infrared module for 38 Hz burst frequency. IR sensor module receive modulated
frequency of 38 Hz produced by remote this signal are pre-amplified & feed to the micro
controller, which gives desired output to triac to operate any device directly.
( 2 marks)
Q. 4 (a) i) Operating Principle
An inverter is a device that changes DC power into AC power. The inversion
process can be achieved with the help of transistor, SCR & tunnel diodes etc.
( 2 marks)

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Model Answer
Page No : 16 of 25
Block dia. Of an Inverter
( 2 marks)
* The oscillator section generates square wave train pulses of high frequency.
* The power transistor driver circuit uses this square wave pulses to trigger the power
transistors alternately.
* As the power transistors are triggered alternately, current flows from DC Battery from
the centre tap of the transformer to the two ends of primary windings alternately. Because
of this the direction of current in the primary charges alternately and AC is produced in
the secondary.
ii) Give the specifications of1) Mixers - 230v, 50 Hz, 600w, 3 speed,15000 to 20000 rpm(Without any load),
Capacity 1.5 lit. Insulation class H.
2) Geyser - 230v, 50 Hz, 1 kw,5/10/15 up to 100litre,Still or plastic body.
3) Electric oven 230v, 50 Hz, 1 to 2.5 kw capacity, __ kg., Dimentions.
4) Food processer - 230v, ac, 50 Hz, 500 to 1000 watt, 3 speeds ,extra accessories e.g.
juicer, cutter, Safety lock, Rating 30 min.
( 1x4 =4 marks)
iii) Circuit dia. For battery charger unit

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Model Answer
Page No : 17 of 25
OR
OR
OR
( 4 marks)
iii) Refer dia. For air cooler -
(1 marks)

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Model Answer
Page No : 18 of 25
Air cooler is a equipment which is used for keeping rooms cold in summer
season. It is made by iron sheet body or plastic body. One fan is fitted is its front
side and two grill type covers are fitted in its all the three sides. Sandal or grass
pads are attached in the inner side of these covers It has a water filling tank at the
lower part of the cooler body, in which a small pump has been fitted. The pump
carries the water up to sandle or grass pads attached to side covers through pipe.
Due to this grass becomes wet. When fan moves then it sucks air through this wet
grass.
(2 marks)
Connection diagram of air cooler-
(1 marks)
Q. 4 ( b)
i) LASER :- Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The
laser is a device that produced a light beam with some remarkable properties.
( 1 marks)
Characteristics of LASER
1. Coherence ( same phase)- Laser light is perfectly coherent in nature . i.e. the
waves are exactly in phase with one another. The emitted photon after getting
triggered is exactly in phase with incident photon.
2. Monochromatic ( same wave length of frequency)
The laser light is perfectly monochromatic. The light emitted by laser is much
more monochromatic than that of any convential monochromatic source.
3. Unidirectionality ( sharp focus) - Conventional light source emits light in all
directions. But laser emits (spreads) light in one direction. The width of laser
beam is very narrow and can travel to long distance without spreading. Hence it
can be focused sharply.

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Model Answer
Page No : 19 of 25
4. High intensity ( extreme brightness)- Since emitted photon and incident photon
are in same phase, laser light is much more brighter (intense) than that from any of
the conventional source. It can vaporizes hardest metal.
( 3 marks)
Applications of LASER
* He-Ne gas laser is commonly used to read bar code.
* Hi power gas Lasers are used in cutting, drilling, welding ( particularly Co 2
layer).
* It can drill holes in the hard substance like diamond without crack.
* Due to high energy density and directional property, it can produce temperature
of the order of 10,000C a at focused point. When applied on metal, it can heat in
very small time.
* Laser bean is used for marking engraving in plastic and metal.
* Because of its charac. Of unidirectionality and extreme brightness they are used
in communication between earth & moon.
* Distance between earth & satellite can be measured using laser.
* Laser rays are medical field.
* Dentist uses laser rays for painless drilling in tooth.
*Laser rays are used for burning cancer cells.
( 2 marks)
b) ii) Possible faults in an Inverter :Problem

1) Inverter fails to
cause
1) Disconnected battery.
operate
2) Inverter faults
Corrective action
1) Ensure batteries are
connected correctly.
2) Dead batteries
2) Replace batteries
3) Loose connection
3) Lighten connection
Inverter is overloaded
Turn OFF some loads

Connected to invertor unit
( 3 marks)

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Page No : 20 of 25
Model Answer
* Estimation of Inverter Repair cost:Name of firm :- ABC

Job No. XX
Job Name:- Repair of Inverter.
Date : xx/xx/xxxx
Date of delivery :- xx/xx/xxxx
Details of job :- Replacement of Battery
Sr. No.
1
Item
Material used
Rate
Quantity
Total
3000.00
01
3000.00
Remarks
Battery
2
Labour Charges
50.00
50.00
Testing charges
50.00
50.00
Taxes @ 5 % VAT
150.00
150.00
Total = 3250.00
Delivery taken by
Manager
( Sign of customer)
(3 marks)
Q. 5
a) Material used in electrical equipment
a) Conductor :i) Solid conductore.g. Aluminum, copper.
ii) Liquid conductore.g. Mercury, sulphuric acid.

iii) Gaseous conductore.g. Helium, Neon
b) Insulator
i) Solid Insulatore.g. Mica, porecelin.
ii) Soft Insulator -

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Page No : 21 of 25
Model Answer
e.g. Rubber, paper.

iii) Liquid Insulator e.g. Varnish
c) Semi conductor
e.g. diode, triac, etc
(1 x 4=4 marks)
Tools necessary for repair work1) Pliers
2) Screw driver
3) Tester
4) Hammer
5) Spanner
6) Hacksaw etc.
7) Cutting pliers
8) Test lamp
(4 marks)
b)
Water Heater
Geyser
1) It takes some time for water heating. 1) It is instantaneous.

2) Simple in construction.
2) Complex in construction.
3) Less controls
3) More controls
4) Temperature is less
4) Temperature is more
5) Less safe
5) more safe.
( 6 marks)
Applications
1) Water heater can be used to heat any liquid.
2) Geyser is used to heat only water.
( 2 marks)

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Page No : 22 of 25
Model Answer
c) Block dia. Of UPS-
(4 mark)
1) A.C. main sectionIt receives A.C. supply filter it & rectifies it to desired level.
2) Inverter & Filter
It is flexible section when power is there, it delivers const. 230v, A.C. supply
3) Battery & Battery charger unit
When supply is available it charges the battery through battery charger circuit.
4) Static switches
When power fails inverter is connected to load with the help of static switch.
(2 mark)
* Working
When supply is ON, it passer through line filter & transformer spikes
& step down A.C. source to get exact A.C. source at next stage. After rectification
again it is inverted in to A.C. by inverter circuit. This is normal function.
When power supply is not present the diode is forword biased. The
battery is now activated to provide D.C. source to inverter which will convert D.C. to
A.C. & provide uninterrupted power supply.
( 2 mark)

(Autonomous)
Model Answer
Page No : 23 of 25
Q. 6.
a) 1) Open circuit fault :-
( 1 mark)
Connect test lamp between phase & neutral then check the lamp glow or not.
2) Short circuit fault :Connect test lamp between phase & neutral then check the lamp glow
bright or not.
( 1 mark)
3) Earth fault :Connect test lamp between neutral & body then check the lamp glow or not.
( 1 mark)
4) Defective power cord :Check continuity of power cord, if not then charge it.
( 1 mark)
Note :- If answer is written w.r.t. any particular device / equipment then it should be
consider.
b) Table fan :-
( 2 mark)
Table fan motor is mostly of a capacitor start or split phase induction motor.
It consists of two windings namely starting winding & running winding.
Shaft of motor is provided with blades. As supply is given to motor, it starts to

rotate.
c)
Speed control can be done by using speed regulator knob.
( 2 mark)
Set the digital multimeter knob to diode testing function, now connect positive lead (
Red) to one terminal of diode & negative to other terminal of diode. If multimeter
indicate some reading i.e. the diode is forword biased measuring about 1 k

(Autonomous)
Model Answer
Page No : 24 of 25
resistance then we should know that the positive lead connected terminal of diode is
anode (A) & other terminal of diode is cathode ( K).
If multimeter shows high resistance then positive lead is connected to cathode
(k) and another terminal is connected to anode (A).
d)
( 4 marks)
1) Half Wave Rectifier :-
* Transformer :- It is used to step-up to step-down the voltage.

* Diode :- It will conduct when it is forward biased.
( 4 mark)
OR
2) Centre tapped full wave rectifier :-
D1 & D2 are diodes

Transformer & diodes are used there function is same as above.
OR
( 4 mark)

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Model Answer
Page No : 25 of 25
3) Full Wave bridge Rectifier :-
Function of parts is same as above.

Any one from above three rectifier circuits, each have 4 marks.
( 4 mark)
e) 1) Short Break UPS :-
Battery charger :- It containts charging circuit, which will charge the Battery.
Battery :- The batteries can be ordinary 12 v / 10 AH car batteries or maintenance
free batteries.
Inverter :- It converts D.C. supply into A.C. 230v, 50 HZ.
( 2 mark)
2) No Break UPS :-
Function of block are same as short break UPS.
( 2 mark)

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Please Read Note before Assessment

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

This type of joint is used in places where appreciable electrical conductivity is

This joint is used in overload lines where considerable tensile strength is

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

* Britannia tee joint

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

iv) cross tap joint -

This type of joint is used where two wires are to be

v) Double-cross tap joint -

This is a combination of two plain taps.

ii) Steps for locating faults in electric oven

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Connect test lamp as shown in fig.

2) If the lamp is dark (OFF), there is open circuit.

Connect the teat lamp as shown in fig.

If the lamp glows brightly there is short circuit.

iii) Earth or Leakage fault

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

iii) Non pressure type water heater Fig.-

1) Indicator lamp To indicate whether supply is ON or OFF

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Oscillator ICS CA555 and CA3030.

1) Pliers for tightening, for dismantling of equipment.

b) Mech. Hand tools :1) Cutting tool for cutting

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

ii) 1) * Fault - Dead set

2) * Fault - Not response to any button on touch pad

3) * Fault - No cooking taking place

4) * Fault - Fuse blow on initial cooking cycle

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Code : 12234

Note :- Any three should be written each have 2 marks.

1) Connect test lamp as shown in fig.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Code : 12234

ii) Short circuit test

Connect the teat lamp as shown in fig.

If the lamp glows brightly there is short circuit.

iii) Earth 0r leakage test

1) Connect the test lamp as shown in fig.

To Check the working of thermostat arrangement, follow the given procedure.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Code : 12234

Date of delivery :- xx/xx/xxxx

Details of job :- Replacement of heating

Heating coil ( Heating element)

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

2) Precautions while operating washing m/c.

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Code : 12234

Q. 3 a) Effects of an Electric current 1) Heating effect

Dismantling of A.C. ceiling fan

Remove the decorating cup, if any, remove false cover.

Remove the split pin & the set screw.

Remove condenser from housing.

Pull out rotor & stator from top cover.

Assembling of A.C. ceiling fan

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Subject Code : 12234

MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARAD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Block dia. Of an Inverter