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AIM:
To determine the transmission line parameters with their performance and verify
using MATLAB simulation.
SOFTWARE REQUIRED:
MATLAB
FORMULA:
Single phase Inductance=10-7[1+4log (d/r)]
Capacitance=3.14*8.854*10-12/log (d/r)
Three phase Inductance=10-7 [0.5+2log (d/r)]
Capacitance=2*3.14*8.854*10-12 /log (d/r)
Dequivalent = [d1*d2*d3]1/3
Where
d=Spacing of conductors
r=radius of conductor
THEORY:
An AC transmission line has resistance, inductance and capacitance uniformly
distributed along its length. These are known as constants or parameters of the line.
The performance of a transmission line depends to a considerable extent upon these
constants. For instance, these constants determine whether the efficiency and voltage
regulation of the line will be good or poor. Therefore, a sound concept of these
constant is necessary in order to make the electrical design of a transmission line a
technical success. Constants of transmission line are resistance, inductance and
capacitance uniformly distributed along the whole length of the line.
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RESISTANCE:
It is the opposition of line conductors to current flow. The resistance is
distributed uniformly along the whole length of the line.
INDUCTANCE:
An alternating current flows throw a conductor, a changing flux is setup which
links the conductor. Due to this flux linkage, the conductor possesses inductance.
Inductance defined as the flux linkage per ampere.
CAPACITANCE:
The capacitance between the conductors is the charge per unit potential
difference.
SINGLE PHASE - 2 WIRE SYSTEM:
D
DAB
DCA
B
C
DBCA
3 D AB D BC DCA
GMR = re-1/4 = r
r = radius of conductors
BUNDLE CONDUCTORS:
EHV lines are constructed with bundle conductors. Bundle conductors
improves power transfer capacity and reduces corona loss, radio interference and
surge impedance.
D
D
1
2 3
Ds =( D s x d )
b
1
3 4
D s =1.09(D s x d )
6. If symmetrical get the distance between the conductors and radius of the
conductor
7. Using the appropriate formula find inductance and capacitance.
8. If unsymmetrical get the distance between the conductors and radius of the
conductor.
Using the appropriate formula find inductance and capacitance.
FLOW CHART:
PROGRAM:
clear all
clc
ph=input('single-1or 3ph-3:-')
if ph==1
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PROBLEM:
1. Find the inductance Per Km of a three phase transmission line using 1.24cm
diameter conductors when these are placed at the corners of an equilateral
triangle of each side 2m. (Note: 1cm =0.01m)
OUTPUT SINGLE PHASE:
6
single-1or 3ph-3:-1
ph =
Radius_cond in mtrs=0.0062
R = 0.0062
L = 2.4105e-06
C = 4.8154e-12
MANUAL CALCULATION:
2.
A single phase transmission line has two parallel conductors 3m apart, radius of
each being 1cm. calculate the capacitance of the line per km.
D=
Radius_cond in mtrs=0.01
R = 0.0100
L = 2.3815e-06
C = 4.8767e-12
MANUAL CALCULATION:
3.
The three conductors of a 3 phase line are arranged at the corners of a triangle
and the distance between the conductors of 2m. Calculate the inductance per km
of the line. The diameter of each conductor is 1.24cm.
3
8
Symmetrical-4 Unsymmetrical-5:4
spacing =
Radius_cond in mtrs=0.0062
R = 0.0062
C = 9.6309e-12
L = 1.2053e-06
MANUAL CALCULATION:
4.
The three conductors of a 3 phase line are arranged at the corners of a triangle of
sides 2 m, 2.5m and 4.5m. Calculate the inductance per km of the line when the
conductors are regularly transposed. The diameter of each conductor is 1.24cm.
3
9
Symmetrical-4 Unsymmetrical-5:5
spacing =
2.5000
4.5000
Radious_cond in mtrs=0.0062
R = 0.0062
D=
2.8231
L = 1.2742e-06
C = 9.0885e-12
MANUAL CALCULATION:
%
Ir=I*(Rpf-(j*sin(acos(Rpf))))
%capacitive current%
%Sending End Current%
%magnitude of sending end current%
Vd=Is*Z
%Voltage drop%
SV=Rv+Vd
Sv=abs(SV)
Reg=(Sv-rv)*100/rv
LL=3*I*I*r
R=r*l
XL=x*l
Y=sus*l
Z=R+(j*XL)
V1=Rv+(Ir*(Z/2))
Ic=j*Y*V1
%charging current%
Is=Ir+Ic
IS=abs(Is)
SV=V1+(Is*Z/2)
Sv=abs(SV)
Reg=(Sv-rv)*100/rv
%Regulation%
LL=3*I*I*R
%Line losses%
IL=Ir+Ic1
%Line current%
SV=Rv+(IL*Z)
Sv=abs(SV)
Ic2=j*SV*Y/2
Is=IL+Ic2
IS=abs(Is)
Reg=(Sv-rv)*100/rv
LL=3*I*I*R
% Regulation%
%Line losses%
SendingEndVoltageMagnitude=Sv
Regulationinpercentage=Reg
Linelosses=LL
Efficiency=Effi
PROBLEM:
1.
5000
0.8000
rv = 1.2702e+04
I = 164.0200
Rv = 1.2702e+04
Ir = 1.3122e+02 - 9.8412e+01i
Enter the type of transmission line:Short=1;End condensor
Method=2;Nominal"T"Method=3;Nominal Pi Method=4 :: 1
type =
Z = 4.0000 + 6.0000i
SV = 1.3817e+04 + 3.9365e+02i
Sv = 1.3823e+04
Reg =
8.8251
LL = 3.2283e+05
Effi = 93.9350
Receiving End Voltage = 1.2702e+04
Impedance = 4.0000 + 6.0000i
Line Current = 1.3122e+02 - 9.8412e+01i
Sending End Voltage = 1.3817e+04 + 3.9365e+02i
Sending End Voltage Magnitude = 1.3823e+04
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Regulation in percentage =
8.8251
2.
A three phase 50Hz overhead line 100km long has the following constants:
Resistance/km/phase =0.1
Inductive reactance/km/phase=0.2
Capacitive susceptance/km/phase=0.04*10-4siemen
Determine (i) sending end current (ii) sending end voltage (iii) sending end
power factor and (iv) transmission efficiency when supplying a balanced load of
10,000KW at 66 kv, p.f 0.8 lagging. Use nominal T method.
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10000
0.8000
5.3696
LL = 3.5870e+05
Effi = 96.5372
Receiving End Voltage = 3.8105e+04
Impedance = 10.0000 +20.0000i
Line Current = 87.4773 -65.6080i
Sending End Voltage = 4.0134e+04 + 1.1697e+03i
Sending End Voltage Magnitude = 4.0151e+04
Regulation in percentage =
5.3696
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3.
A 100km long 3 phase, 50Hz transmission line has the following line constants;
Resistance/phase/Km=0.1
Reactance/phase/km=0.5
Susceptance/phase/km=10*10-6S
If the line supplies a load of 20Mw at 0.9p.f lagging at 66kv at the receiving
end, calculate by Nominal method:
(i)
20000
0.9000
0.0030
Z = 3.0000e+01 + 1.5000e+02i
Ic1 = 0.0000 +57.1577i
IL = 1.7495e+02 - 2.7577e+01i
SV = 4.7490e+04 + 2.5416e+04i
Sv = 5.3864e+04
Ic2 = -38.1238 +71.2354i
Is = 1.3683e+02 + 4.3659e+01i
IS = 143.6271
Reg = 41.3554
LL = 3.4010e+06
Effi = 85.4664
Receiving End Voltage = 3.8105e+04
Impedance = 3.0000e+01 + 1.5000e+02i
Line Current = 1.7495e+02 - 8.4734e+01i
Sending End Voltage = 4.7490e+04 + 2.5416e+04i
Sending End Voltage Magnitude = 5.3864e+04
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RESULT:
Thus the transmission line parameters with their performance were determined
by MATLAB simulation.
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