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Foundations Earthquake Resistant, Machine Foundations
Slopes and Dams
Earth Retaining Walls
Ground Improvement and Reinforced Structures
Waste Disposal Facilities Landfills and Tailings Dams
Foundations
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A foundation
transfers the load of
the superstructure
to the soil.
Foundations
(1) What type of foundation be adopted ?
(2) How Deep Foundation be placed, if shallow fnd ?
(3) How much completed building will settle?
Uniform settlement / differential settlement?
(4) For what stresses and stress distribution,
foundation be designed?
Type of Foundations
Strip/continuous footings
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Strip/continuous footings
Strap Footing
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Strap Footing
Combined Footing
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Used when the two columns are so close that their individual
footings overlap. Also provided when the property line is so
close to one column that a spread footing would be
eccentrically loaded By combining it with that of an interior
column, the load is evenly distributed.
Combined Footing
Raft/Mat Footing
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Raft/Mat Footing
DEEP FOUNDATION
Pile Foundations
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Pile Foundations
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Pile Driving
Bored piles
4 phases
Pile-Raft Foundations
Settlement
Cracks are caused by Angular distortion /l
, differential settlement, is very
difficult to predict.
Total settlement is not so
harmful and can be predicted.
Total settlement provides upper
l
limit to . Hence acceptable is
taken equal to total settlement.
For footings, = 50-75 mm
For Raft, = 75-125 mm (Sand-clay)- IS code
Pressure that produces acceptable settlement
is known as safe bearing pressure. (FS=1).
(b) OC clays
(a)Saturated
NC clay
(d) Sands
(c) Unsaturated
Clay
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