HW3, MAE 171. Spring 2005.

UCI
Nasser Abbasi
June 18, 2005

Contents
1 Problem 3-1
1.1 part a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2 Part b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2
2
2
2

2 Problem 3-4.
2.1 part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
2.2 part f . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4
4
5

3 Problem 3-15.
3.1 part a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.2 Part b . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
3.3 Part c . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7
7
9
9

4 Problem 3-16
4.1 part a . .
4.2 part b . .
4.3 part c . .
4.4 part d . .

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

.
.
.
.

10
10
10
11
12

1
1.1

Problem 3-1
part a

Give the denition of the starred transform.

E (s) is the Laplace transform of e (t), where e (t) which is the time domain representation of
the input signal e (t) after passing though an ideal sampler.
Mathematically, E (s) = Z (e [kT ])jz= sT where T is the sampling period, and k is the sample
number and Z (e [n]) is the Z transform the sequence e [n] .
Given the standard denition of the Z transform, then we can now write
!
1
X
E (s) =
e [kT ] z k
k=0

1
X

z="sT

e [kT ] "

sT k

k=0

1.2

Part b

Give the denition of the Z transform.

Given a sequence e = fe0 ; e1 ; e2 ;

g, then the one sided Z transform of e is dened as

Z (e) =

1
X

e [k] z

k=0

Here we assumed that the number sequence e has its rst element at index k = 0. i.e. e (k) = 0
for k < 0

1.3

Part c

For a function e (t) derive a relationship between its starred transform E (s) and its Z transform
E (z) = Z (e [kT ])

E (s) = L (e (t))
Z 1
=
e (t)
0

but e (t) = e (t)

(t) = e (t)

1
X

(t

kT )

k=0

Hence (1) becomes

st

dt

(1)

E (s) =

e (t)

Z
1
X

But given the property that

Z

f (t) (t

e (t)

(t

(t

kT )

(t

kT )

k=0

e (t)

st

st

dt

dt

(2)

k=0

1
X

t0 ) = f (t0 ) , then
st

kT )

skT

dt = e (kT )

and (2) can be now be written as

E (s) =

1
X

skT

e (kT )

(3)

k=0

Now, given the one-sided denition of the Z transform of sequence e (kT ) as

E (z) = Z (e (kT )) =

1
X

e (kT ) z

k=0

then by comparing (3) and (4) we see that (3) can be be written as
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
Which is the required relation to show.

(4)

Problem 3-4.

2.1

part c

Find the starred transform for E (s) =

s+2
s(s+1)

E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
so need to rst nd the Z transform of e [kT ] , the discrete time representation of the ideal sampled
version of e (t)
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT

so we need to rst nd e (t)

e (t) = L

s+2
s (s + 1)

(E (s)) = L

Use partial fraction to nd the inverse Laplace transform.

s+2
A
B
=
+
s (s + 1)
s
s+1
s+2
=2
A =
(s + 1) s=0
s+2
= 1
B =
s s= 1
Hence
s+2
2
=
s (s + 1)
s

1
s+1
1
2
e (t) = L 1
= 2
s s+1
kT
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT = 2
1
X
E (z) = Z (e [kT ]) =
e [kT ] z
=

1
X

2 z

k=0

1
= 2
1 z
ROC is

1
z

< 1 and

1
T

k=0
1
X

kT

1
T

<1

k
k

from tables

u (t)
0
1
X
k=0

k=0

kT

Hence,
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
1
= 2
sT
1

2.2

sT

=2

sT

sT

T +sT

T (1+s)

sT

E (s) = 2

T +sT

sT

T (1+s)

part f

Find the starred transform for E (s) =

2
s2 +2s+5

E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
so need to rst nd the Z transform of e [kT ] , the discrete time representation of the ideal sampled
version of e (t)
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT

so we need to rst nd e (t)

e (t) = L
roots of denominator are r1;2 =
Let r1 = 1 + 2j, and r2 = 1

(E (s)) = L

s2

2
+ 2s + 5

b2 4ac
2a

= 2 24 4 5 = 1 2j
2j, so now E (s) can be written as

E (s) =

2
r1 ) (s

(s

r2 )

Use partial fraction to nd the inverse Laplace transform.

(s

2
r1 ) (s

r2 )

A =
B =

A
(s

r1 )

B
(s

2
(s

r2 )

=
s=r1

2
(s

r1 )

r2 )

=
s=r2

Hence

2
( 1 + 2j ( 1
1

2j))

2
=
2j ( 1 + 2j)

1
2j
1
2j

s+2
=
s (s + 1)
(s
e (t) = L

1
2j

r1 )

(s

1
2j

(s
1
2j

1
2j

r1 )

r2 )
+

1
2j

(s

r2 )

1
2j

r1 t

1
2j

r2 t

1 ( 1 2j)t
u (t)
2j
1 2jt
1
t
t
2jt
u (t) =
sin 2t u (t)
=
2j
2j
e [kT ] = e (t)jt=kT = kT sin 2kT
k 0
kT
E (z) = Z (e [kT ]) = Z
sin 2kT
k 0
=

( 1+2j)t

From Tables,
Z

kT

sin 2kT

z
z2

T
Tz

sin 2T
cos 2T +

2T

Hence
E (s) = E (z)jz= sT
sT

2sT

T sT

T (s 1)

E (s) =

2sT

T (s 1)

sin 2T
cos 2T +
sin 2T
cos 2T +

2T

2T

u (t)

Problem 3-15.

Given the signal e (t) = 3 sin 4t + 2 sin 7t

3.1

part a

List all frequencies less than ! = 50 rad/sec that are present in e (t)
sin 4t contains a frequency of 4 rad/sec.
sin 7t contains a frequency of 7 rad/sec.
Hence the answer is f4; 7g rad/sec
To illustrate, this is a small Mathematica script.

3.2

Part b

e (t) is sampled at ! s = 22 rad/sec. List all frequencies present in e (t) less than ! = 50 rad/sec.
The frequency spectrum of the sampled signal will contain frequencies that are centered around
multiples of ! s
Hence the list of generated frequencies are
8
9
4; 7;
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
< ! s 4; ! s + 4; ! s 7; ! s + 7; >
=
2! s 4; 2! s + 4; 2! s 7; 2! s + 7;
>
>
>
3! s 4; 3! s + 4; 3! s 7; 3! s + 7; >
>
>
>
>
:
;
substitute for ! s = 22 we get

8
>
>
<

22
44
>
>
:

4; 7;
4; 22 + 4; 22
4; 44 + 4; 44
8
>
>
<

9
>
>
=

7; 22 + 7;
7; 44 + 7; >
>
;

4; 7;
18; 26; 15; 29;
40; 48; 37; 51;
>
>
:

9
>
>
=
>
>
;

Sort and consider only frequencies less than 50 rad/sec, we get

f4; 7; 15; 18; 26; 29; 37; 40; 48g

3.3

Part c

The signal e (t) is applied to a ZOH device. List all frequencies present in e (t) less than ! = 50
rad/sec.
Since a ZOH is an LTI device and the input is a set of eigenfunctions, then the output will contain
the same set of input frequencies but possibly scaled and phase shifted. Hence this is the same
answer as part (b) above.

Problem 3-16

e (t) = 4 sin 7t is applied to a samples/ZOH device, ! s = 4 rad/sec.

4.1

part a

what is the frequency component in the output that has the largest amplitude?
This will be the component with the frequency closest to the DC frequency.
Looking at the sequence of frequencies generated, which are
f7; ! s 7; ! s + 7; 2! s 7; 2! s + 7; 3! s 7; 3! s + 7; g
f7; 4 7; 4 + 7; 8 7; 8 + 7; 12 7; 12 + 7; 16 7; 16 + 7; g
f7; 3; 11; 1; 15; 5; 19; 9; 23; g
sort, and consider only positive frequencies, we obtain
f1; 5; 7; 9; 11; 15;

g rad= sec

Hence the component with the largest amplitude has a frequency of 1 rad/sec

4.2

part b

Find amplitude/phase of that component.

jH (j!)j = jGh0 (j!)j jE (j!)j
But
jE (j!)j =

jE (j!)j
Ts

(1)
(2)

To nd E (j!) ; use the relation that x (t) = A sin (! 0 t + ) has the Fourier transform
E (j!) =

i A

(!

!0)

(! + ! 0 )

Then, the Fourier transform of e (t) = 4 sin 7t is (where here A = 4; = 0; ! 0 = 7)

E (j!) =
i 4 [ (!
jE (j!)j = 4

7)

(! + 7)]
(3)

substitute (3) into (2), then (1) can be written as

jH (j!)j = jGh0 (j!)j
but
jGh0 (j!)j = Ts sin c
Hence (4) becomes

10

4
Ts
!
!s

(4)

jH (j!)j = Ts sin c
= 4

4
Ts

!s
!
!s

sin c

Evaluate at ! = 1 rad/sec, and given that ! s = 4 rad/sec, we get

jH (j!)j = 4

sin c

= 11:3137

Now to nd the phase of this component.

^H (j!) = ^Gh0 (j!) + ^E (j!)
since E (j!) =

j 4 [ (!

7)

(! + 7)] ; then, since

j=

(5)
; then

^E (j!) =

2
this is because ^E (j!) = ^E (j!) at frequency 1 rad/sec which is smaller than ! s = 4 rad/sec,
so we are inside the rst hub of the sinc function. i.e. sin c !!s > 0 in this case.
Now ^Gh0 (j!) =
page 105 in book).
Hence

!
!s

+ but since sin c

^Gh0 (j!) =

!
!s

> 0 when ! = 1, then

!

!s

Hence, (5) now becomes

^H (j!) = ^Gh0 (j!) + ^E (j!)
=

4.3

3
4

part c

sketch the input signal and the component of part(b) vs. time.

11

= 0 (using equation 3-33

4.4

part d

Find the ratio of the amplitude in part(b) to that of the frequency component in the output at
! = 7 rad/sec.

jH (j!)j = jGh0 (j!)j jE (j!)j

but
jGh0 (j!)j = Ts sin c

!
!s

and
jE (j!)j =

jE (j!)j
Ts

Hence

jH (j!)j = Ts sin c
=

sin c

!
!s
7
4

jE (j!)j
= sin c
Ts
4 = 0:1286

!
!s

jE (j!)j

4 = 1:616

= 7: 001 1
Hence ratio is 11:3137
1:616
This is expected, as at ! = 7 we are in the second hub of the sinc function, which will have much
less amplitude.

12

13

14