CH 3396 Issues in International Hospitality and Tourism Management

CH 3396 Issues In International Hospitality And Tourism Management
ABSTRACT
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study economic sustainability impact
of Chinas theme park industry towards the Chinas economy.
Design/ methodology/ approach Numerous subordinate experiential
research had been used in order to generate a broad literature review in which to
develop the economic sustainability impact of Chinas theme park industry
towards the Chinas economy.
Findings The theme park industry in China is growing rapidly and Chinas
theme park industry is also well known globally. Due to numerous increment of
the theme park industry business in China, it has directly impact the economy of
Chinas such as increasing of investment, increasing of the employment rate and
improvement a standard of living in China.
Practical implications The theme park industry is one of the famous tourism
destination and also known as profitable business. With the increasing of the
theme park industry business, it will most likely to a lead of economic positive
impact towards the destination. The impact should be taken into a consideration
by China
Originality / value This paper would be valuable for theme park industry to
analysis and figure out what is the strategy for the theme park to remain
sustainability in the industry.
For the future researchers,
it is suggested to research based on the strategy for the theme park to remain
sustainability area. In conclusion, this paper study the impact of theme park
industry to economy.
Keywords Theme park, economic, sustainability, China.
Paper type Research paper
In order to narrow down the research, one research question has been
raised out in order to deep the understanding.
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Literature Review
Introduction
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Today, theme park is one of the highly demanded destination in the tourism industry.
Theme park industry has proceeded with its post subsidence participation development
at solid rate of 4 percent for the top parks worldwide (Themed Entertainment
Association, 2014). As for example, the Magic kingdom at Walt Disney World, Florida
recorded a 4.0 percent increasing of tourist to the theme park from 18,588,00 million in
2013 to 19,323,00 million in 2014 ( TEA, 2014).
Besides that, the top 25 theme parks globally recorded attendance to be greater
compare to accumulate total number attendance of international tourist to Spain, China,
Italy and United Kingdom with 2335.5 million at year 2014 (World Tourism Organization,
2009; TEA, 2014).
As the theme park industry expand globally in different regions in the world, Asia is
anticipated to show the greatest and highest growth of rate. China, as one of the worlds
fastest growing economy, has shown to be the highest growth rate attendance in the
respective manner. In this context, the Hong Kong theme park which is a home to
Mickey Mouse had received more than 50 million visitors since it first opened in 2005. In
its glory days between 2010 and 2013, the park experienced double digit growth in
visitor numbers, while it slowed to 1.4 per cent in 2014 with 7.5 million people visiting
the park but still a record high. Not only that, the park is an important investment for
both Walt Disney Co and the Shanghai government as up to 30 million visitors are
expected each year at the worlds biggest tourist market (Mandy Zuo, Daniel Ren and
Nikki Sun, 2016). Moreover, according to the world tourism organization through the
scientific prediction, predicts 2020 will become the world's largest tourist destination in
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China, every year to attract international visitors can reach 140 million people,
accounted for 8.6% of the total global international tourists (Siongxiaoxiao, 2014).
According to Yoshi and Chang collected from TEA (2014), the theme park industry in
Asia market recorded a growth of the tourist attendance from general participation at the
main 25 theme parks globally. The industry had expanded a growth of almost 5 percent
in 2014 at thought about to 2013. As for example, at Songcheng Park, Hangzhou, China
had recorded a growth of attendance with 38.8 percent in 2014 with 5,818,000, as to
compare in 2013 with 4,200,000. The exceptionally solid year for amusement parks in
Asia was moved by the crucial business sector development, especially in China taking
into account the expansions in riches and tourism that drive appearance.
Theme park and attractions have been among the most famous portions of the whole
diversion and entertainment (Sun; Uysal 1994). Without vacation spots there would be
no tourism (Gunn, 1972 cited from Lew, 1987). Attraction is known as any object,
individual, spot, or idea that draws individuals either topographically or through remote
electronic means with the goal that they may have an affair. In tourism, attractions are
the most critical components of a visitor destination as they give the primary reason or
inspiration for voyagers to visit a destination (Martin, 2015). This phenomenon attracts
the emergence of tourism to the theme park industry in a field of entertainment. Theme
park industry has grown rapidly with the variety type of maturation of parks ranging size,
capacity of development, types of products and diversion offering (Millman, 2010).
Among the competitors, the Disney Company is a leader in the industry since 1957
(Gothlef,Herbaux, Verardi, 2010; Holcomb, Okumus, Bilgihan, 2010). According to TEA
(2014), the top 25 theme park globally are Magic Kingdom at Walt Disneyland (Florida),
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Tokyo Disneyland (Tokyo) and Disneyland at Anaheim (California). Table 1.0 gives
more substantial analysis.
Rank
1
2
3
4
5
Park & Location

Magic Kingdom at Walt
Disney, FL
Tokyo
Disneyland,
Tokyo, Japan
Disneyland,
Anaheim,
CA
Tokyo
Disney
Sea,
Tokyo, Japan
Universal Studios Japan,
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% change
4.0 %
2014
19,322,200
2013
18,588,00
0.5%
17,300,00
17,214,400
3.5%
16,769,000
16,202,00
0.1%
14,100,000
14,084,00
16.8%
11,800,000
10,100,000
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Osaka, Japan
Epcot at Walt Disney
World,
Lake
Buena
Vista, FL
Disneys
Animal
Kingdom at Walt Disney
World,
Lake
Buena
Vista, FL
Disneys
Hollywood
Studios at Walt Disney
World,
Lake
Buena
Viesta, FL
Disneyland
Park
At
Disneyland
Paris,
Marne-La-Vallee, France
Disneys CA Adventure,
Anaheim, CA
Universal Studios at
Universal Orlando, FL
Island Of Adventure at
Universal Orlando, FL
Ocean Park, Hong Kong
SAR
Lotte
World,
Seoul,
South Korea
Hong Kong Disneyland,
Hong Kong SAR
Everland, Gyeonggi-Do,
South Korea
Universal
Studios
Hollywood,
Universal
City, CA
Songcheng
Park,
Hangzhou, China
Nagashima Spa Land,
Kuwana, Japan
Chimelong
Ocean
Kingdom,
Hengqin,
China (new)
Europa
Park,
Rust,
Germany
SeaWorld FL, Orlando,
FL
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2.0%
11,454,000
11,229,000
2.0%
10,402,000
10,198,000
2.0%
10,312,200
10,110,000
-4.7%
9,940,000
10,430,000
3.0%
8,769,000
8,514,000
17.0%
8,263,000
7,062,200
0.0%
8,141,000
8,141,000
4.2%
7,792,000
7,475,000
2.8%
7,606,000
7,400,000
1.4%
7,382,100
7,400,000
1.1%
7,381,000
7,303,000
11.0%
6,284,000
6,148,000
38.8%
5,810,000
4,200,000
-3.6%
5,630,000
5,840,000
NA
5,404,000
NA
2.0%
5,000,000
4,900,000
-8.0%
4,683,000
5,090,000
23
Tivoli
Gardens, 6,8%
Copenhagen, Denmark
24
DE
Efteling, 6.0%
Kaatshuevel,
Netherlands
25
Walt Disney Studios -4.7%
Park
At
Disneyland
Paris, Marne-La-Vallee,
France
TOTAL
4.1%
Table 1.0 Top 25 Theme Park
4,478,000
4,200,000
4,000,000
4,150,000
4,260,000
4,470,000
223,450,000
214,708,000
Theme Entertainment Association (2014)
This research paper study the impact of the theme park industry towards the economic
sustainability in Chinas economy. Today, services have been predominantly chosen as
an economy movement of creating countries. Service have a significantly drive financial
development and worldwide exchange. Furthermore, services might be characterized
as financial aspects services that depend on execution and endeavors so as to
accomplish craved results. Theme park is selected for the research area and based on
classification field, theme park has been categorized under the hospitality tourism and
entertainment industry.
In this article, theme park has been selected for the research topic area and theme park
has been categorized as the hospitality tourism and entertainment industry. Theme park
is defined as the area which is built as a leisure attraction, in which every one of the
presentations, structures, activities which depend on identify with one specific subject
(Collin, 1988). Theme park is a main leisure that provide a rides with a themed
environment, offers a price ticket to the guest and recorded an annual attendance of
500 million tourist (ERA 2007 cited from Groote 1999). Generally amusement park is
fixed to a certain location generally outdoor venues and provide many facilities and
entertainment than the travelling unfair or the general garden parks.
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Theme park
attractions are cater towards all ages and some theme park are specifically to a certain
age of groups. Usually, every theme park provide the same rides such as roller coaster,
water ride, swing ride, pendulum ride, train ride and other form of entertainments. These
parks will for most part to be portioned into various areas that utilization distinctive
components to pass on to guests that they are in a particular place or time, or likewise
to recount an extraordinary story.
As the amusement park industry become all-inclusive in various districts, it is essential
for the partners to take dependable to guarantee the amusement park industry stay
supportable in the business sector. The long term manageability of tourism lays on the
capacity of top management and tourism experts to boost its advantages and minimize
its costs (Kreag, n.d). This setting characterizes that the top pioneers needs to
demonstrate their believability and ability to deal with the amusement park keeping in
mind the end goal to remain a long haul development. Maintainability is into how human
populace can deliver more prominent ways of life from an altered arrangement of inputs
through a division of work combined with exchange the yields of that work guided just
by the imperceptible hand of individual's without aggregate choices (Smith, 1776 cited
to from Gregory, n.d). In the other sentiment, John Hicks formalized an idea called
Hicksian pay, which characterized manageability as a level at which individual, a family
unit or an entire economy could expend and still leave their supply of profitable capital in
place to have the capacity to continue devouring at that level unquestionably (John
Hicks, 1930 cited to from Gregory, n.d). In tourism, supportable tourism has been
characterizes as an endeavor that finishes a dependability between the financial,
natural and socio-social parts of tourism development to ensure a long haul of
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advantages to beneficiary groups (United Nations World Tourism Organization,

UNWTO). All through this entire article, one examination question has been brought up
with a specific end goal to limit down exploration of the branch of knowledge of this
article. The inquiries depends on the monetary supportability effect of the amusement
park industry towards the China's economy.
Economic Impact of Theme Park to Chinas Economy

Income Generation
The most significant economy impact of the theme park industry to Chinas economy is
to generate the income generation. Any gross wage gained prior to any cost deduction
via generic business operations is Income Generation. It could also be generated
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through service (for a specific period) or product offerings. (Baskerville, n.d). Nowadays,
theme park industry are more integrated other tourist facilities and consequently
towards the economic impacts (Milman, 2010). According to Kawamura and Hara
(2010), in a global growth of theme park industry, Asia is most likely to show the biggest
development rate of income generation through theme park industry. China is known as
the second biggest business sector of theme park industry in Asia and it will support
income to US$1.9 billion by 2011 (PWC, 2007; Milman, 2008) .
According to Millman (2010), in China, current broad venture movement is obvious on
the theme parks, resorts, cultural activities and other entertainment. Chines tourism
industry had experienced the ups and downs during the process of tourism industry
development (Zhang, Chen, Chuang, Woods, 2008). Despite there is a financial
economic crisis that hit China in 2008 to 2009, China tourism industry and the theme
park industry still reported a record visitors and China continued strong growth and
benefits for the leisure and tourism industry in Asia (TEA, 2009). China is most likely to
boost the revenue to US$1.9 billion by 2011 through the theme park industry et al
(Pricewaterhouse Cooper 2007, MIlman 2008). In 2005 to 2009, the opening of Hong
Kong Disneyland has generated US$2.2 billion and the park had received a 5 million
tourist arrival in the first year. Through the development of the theme park, it had
created an employment opportunities and position of a new Cast Member are expected
to be develop until the expansion is done (Citrinot, 2008). In this case, the theme park
revenue impact has driven out to economy in China.
In Shanghai, Shanghai Disneyland Theme Park has contributed to a several times the
national income increase because any department of new investment will increase the
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income of the department, orders through the chain should be because the other
relevant department will make the national income growth of total number of times the
initial investment. Shanghai direct investment caused by the added value of GDP was
73.795 billion yuan (Songxioaxioa, 2014). In addition, one of the focal contribution for
tourism adversely impacted by the economy as it generates revenue to a tourism
industry and also in a wider scope et al (Braun, 2000; Mansour and Mahin, 2013; Ah
Keng 1994). In conclusion, the three authors above had drew a similarity that the most
significant impact of the theme park to the economy is based on the generation of
income. While, in this points raised, the authors of Siongxiaoxiao (2014) do have a
conflict with Braun (2000) because Braun (2000) make a comparison of the negative
and positive impact, while the author only make a positive impact. But in both article
they both have a similarity in which that the theme park industry will generate the
economy of the host country through the investment and promote the job growth.
Employment Rate
According from the findings from the previous research paper, the second significant
impact of the theme park industry is to promote the growth of employment rate. The
definition of employment rate is the percentage of the employed labour force and
economist has used the employment rate in order to collect the data and examine of the
state economy.
According to (World Travel and Tourism Council , WTTC), the tourism industry region
wide had promote the job growth with a range of 123 million jobs in the industry of
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tourism. In addition, through the development of theme park industry, a job opportunities
is increasing which related to firms (Cockerell, 2013). This is because the increasing of
employment have been emerged due to the support from the capital investment by the
foreigners for the development in tourism assets (Cockerell, 2013).
Due to various
monetary advantages of tourism and its potential development, one of the impacts is it
will driven to a bigger employment of rate and jobs (Braun, 2000; Mansour and Mahin,
2013; Siongxiaoxiao 2014). This three authors had drew the same consideration and
agreed that the effect of tourism will build the employment of rate.
In China, the aggregate number of populace is 1.36 billion as indicated by the
International Chinese Statistic Association (ICSA, n.d). In 2005, Disneyland had been
worked and opened to visitor in Hong Kong, China. Accordingly, this kind of industry
need high number of work power in which will improved the expanding number of job
rate for a wide range of top experts including a cutting edge staffs and imaginative
venture advancement group. As per the Hong Kong Disneyland (HKDL), by and large
the amusement park had utilized more than 4,800 full-time and 2,600 low maintenance
staff amid this financial year in which making the resort one of Hong Kong's biggest
managers in the excitement business. HKDL is focused on adding to an exceedingly
talented and quality workforce, giving more than 380,000 hours of expert and
specialized preparing to the whole workforce amid the year in China.
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Table 1.1 Employment Rate Tourism in Shanghai Disneyland Theme Park

According from the table 1.1 collected from Siongxiaoxioa (2014), the impact on
business of Shanghai Disneyland is per GDP build speculation of one hundred million
yuan, an expansion of 47600 occupations. The immediate venture to GDP is driven by
fleeting occupation Shanghai Disneyland amusement park notwithstanding make a
substantial number of transient vocation opportunities, additionally can make an
extensive number of employment opportunities for a long term.
Improvement Standard of Living

Amusement parks are vital driving forces for the relaxation and tourism industry and its
improvement (Middleton, 1989, Stevens 2000 Milman, 2001). This had demonstrated
that for the abundance of a territory and its monetary improvement amusement parks
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are of most significance. The amusement and recreation offices could convey
advantages to voyagers furthermore nearby groups (Milman 2010). Base imperatives
include substantial use coming about because of expanded tourism. In that capacity,
nearby advantages from tourism ought to be weighed against the expenses brought
about in building up the tourism business (Wong 1996).Governments regularly bolster
the advancement of amusement parks in their destinations since amusement parks and
attractions can give relaxation and diversion offices to their local communities and in
addition for tourist (Milman, Okumus, Dickson, 2010; Wong 1996. Expanded
speculation ought to likewise prompt to likewise impact the socio-cultural and
environmental effects (Swarbrooke, 2002 cited from Cornelis, 2010). This two authors
agreed that the government are giving the support in the tourism industry as the
development will produce a benefits. Even though most of the authors are agreed the
benefits of theme park will increase the standard of livings, but according to Holcomb,
Okumus and Bilgihan (2010) have a different perspective and arguments that the
developments of theme park will affect the survival of the wildlife as well as affect the
ecotourism of destination.
As a result of different financial favorable circumstances of tourism and its potential
improvement it helps in the extension of lifestyle of the overall public by offering new
and better livelihoods, which in wording helps them to upgrade the individual fulfillment
and their families (Mansour and Mahin, 2013) . Moreover, it is legitimate that the
promotion of tourism will energize in enhanced of transportation and offices furthermore,
other foundation which will points of interest the close-by nearby occupants (Braun,
2000). This two creator have a similitudes in which that the effect of tourism will
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enhance the ways of life to the host nation and results in better offices and
transportation.
For the dominant travel industry to be in place, the foundation system and the offices
must be built up in which will specifically increment and enhance the nature of the
destination. As indicated by et al Braun (2000), as the tourism upgraded the
neighborhood governments income, this will results to the change of group
administrations and offices and the multiplier of tourism on advancements of other
financial part. The above articulation occurred as China's administration give a bolster
towards the advancement of amusement park in which they concentrate on the
foundation and offices like general society transport and different offices. This
commitment has given an effect to the expanding of 65 for every penny (%) in China's
populace which are currently have entry to solid sanitation offices, contrasted and just
shy of 24 for each penny (%) in 1990 (World Bank 2014 cited to from Wilkins, Zurawski,
(2014); Kelly, 2012) . In China, AgBank is known as one of the Big Four State
moneylender. In order for the second development
Disneyland Theme Park in China, the government given the full support by having
consented to an arrangement with the city government for a 250 billion yuan.
http://www.scmp.com/news/china/article/1295963/shanghais-disney-park-will-benefithk314-billion-agbank-loan
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Conclusion
In this paper, it has a deep research on the impact of theme park industry and brought a
highlights towards the Chinas economy. The research had been done based on the
previous researchers based on the same topic but in this paper it focus on China
specifically. In conclusion, from the finding of the research, the theme park does have
impact the Chinas economy. The most significant impact is it will boost the revenue or
income generation of China. Amusement parks create billions of dollars in income,
substantially affect nearby economies and in this way, are viewed as a signicant driver
of the cordiality business (Milman, 2008).Through theme park industry, China will boost
a revenue to US$ 1.9 billion by 2011. The second impact of the presence of the theme
park industry in China is it will create and promote a growth of employment rate to the
China community. The last impact of the theme park industry to China is it will help to
increase a better standard type of living to China community as the government are
aware with the growth and emergence of the benefits of theme park.
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For future readers, this comprehensive research could be important and for the
managers and theme park operators as it can be used to study about the implication of
the theme park towards the economics of the destination. Several other impact have
been found out by different authors may be suggested in respective research to support
any arguments in order to produce a better research. Not only that, it is also suggested
for the future research to study the strategy for the theme park to remain sustainable by
using this paper to support any arguments. In future, it is hope that the papers in this
issue will invigorate more research into amusement parks and attractions.
(2979 words)
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Pieter C.M. Cornelis, (2010),"Effects of co-branding in the theme park industry: a

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CH3396 Article Registration Form

Deadline: 21st January 2016
Please submit to the module leader. Please keep a copy of this form for your
records!
Student Name:
MUNIR B ROSLI
Student Number:
00009013
Outline articles working title:

The impact of theme park industry towards the Chinas economy.
Research question:
What will your article explore? The aim of this article is to:
To study the impact of the theme park industry towards the economic sustainability in
China.
Reading
Reading currently undertaken (and sample analytical bibliographies): (please follow
Harvard referencing conventions and identify at least three items of literature you have
used to help you compose your title and proposed focus or content).
1. Songxiaoxiao, (October 2014) Shanghai Disneyland Theme Park's Influence on
the Urban Economy and Employment International Journal of Business and
Social Science, Vol. 5 No. 11, pp. 156-160
2. Braun M., (1999-2000), The economic impact of theme parks on regions

3. Esmail Z.M., Esmail Z. M., (2013) The Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host
Community, European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Research, Vol.1, No.2,
pp 12-21
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Proposed content or focus: 300-400 words

What do you anticipate covering (theoretical and conceptual arguments) in your
article? What will be the context (specific sectors within the international hospitality and
tourism industries, specific geographical areas or countries) for your article? Please give
an indication of your initial ideas in this section. The more detail you provide the more
support and advice we can supply at the tutorials to help you.
The topic of this article is the impact of the theme park industry towards the economic
sustainability in China. The objective of this article is to study the impact of the theme
park industry towards the economic sustainability. According to Adam Smith inquired in
1776, sustainability is into how human populations can produce greater standards of
living from a fixed set of inputs through a division of labor coupled with trade in the
outputs of that labor guided only by the invisible hand of individuals collective free
decisions, based on their own self-interests, to buy or to sell and for how much. In the
middle 1800s John Stuart Mill and Thomas Malthus debated whether the growth of such
a system of production and reallocation could be sustained as populations grew but the
fixed base of natural capital needed to sustain them remained constant. In the 1930s
and 40s, John Hicks formalized a concept later called Hicksian income, that describes
the level at which an individual, a household, or a whole economy could consume and
still leave their stock of productive capital intact so as to be able to keep on consuming
at that level indefinitely
Theme park or amusement park is known as a group of entertainment attractions, rides
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and events in a fixed location for the enjoyment of large of people. In this article, China
has been choose for the research geographical. China, a communist nation in East
Asia, is the worlds most populous country. Its vast landscape encompasses grassland,
desert, mountain ranges, lakes, rivers and 14,500km of coastline. China is a worldrenowned destination for exciting theme parks. Indeed, out of the twenty largest and
most popular amusement parks in Asia, 11 are located in China. China's themed parks
are recognized globally and compete favorably with those in U.S and Europe for world's
most visited parks. The parks offer a mixture of Western and local cultures, have
exciting rides, theater performances, as well as golfing and gaming facilities. The top
five most popular theme park in china is Hong Kong Disneyland, Wuhan Happy Valley,
Changzhou Dinosaur Park, Beijing Happy Valley and Chengdu Happy Valley.
The first question is how the theme park industry impact the economic sustainability in
China through the growth economic.
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Analytical Bibliography
Songxiaoxiao, (October 2014) Shanghai Disneyland Theme Park's Influence on the
Urban Economy and Employment International Journal of Business and Social
Science, Vol. 5 No. 11, pp. 156-160
This article highlighted the direct role of the theme park towards the economic
growth of Shanghai. Firstly it will lead to several times the national income
increase because any department of new investment will increase the income of
the department, orders through the chain should be because the other relevant
department will make the national income growth of total number of times the
initial investment. Shanghai direct investment caused by the added value of GDP
was 73.795 billion yuan, while the. Such a huge value-added effect is also more
relevant industry investment, promote the development of Shanghai modern
service industry.
The development attracting large number of people that will form a flow of
consumption will has a strong effect of employment. The Walt Disney is looking
forward for all kinds of top professionals to finish the project. Thus, this will
increase the job employment and promote the job growth from different kind of
professionalitys. Effect on employment of Shanghai Disneyland is per GDP
increase investment of one hundred million yuan, an increase of 47600 jobs. The
direct investment to GDP is driven by short-term employment.
In this paper, according to the theory of economics ideas of employment elasticity

and the labor productivity, to increase the relationship with the ratio of GDP
24 | P a g e
growth estimates workers GDP growth driven by the increase of employment, to

predict the added value of the Disney theme park stimulating employment.
The world tourism organization through the scientific prediction, predicts 2020 will
become the world's largest tourist destination in China, every year to attract
international visitors can reach 140 million people, accounted for 8.6% of the total
global international tourists. Constantly developing world theme park, Disney
project settle will update consumption concept, optimize the structure of
consumption, in the future, the upgrade to expand domestic demand to make a
major contribution.
COMMENTS AND ANALYSIS
In this article, the academics study what is the influence of Shanghai Disneyland
on the urban employment and economy in Shanghai. The finding in this article is
in a certain amount of investment will lead to several times the national income
increase. Shanghai direct investment is caused by the added value of GDP was
73.795 billion yuan. The development attracting large number of people that will
form a flow of consumption will has a strong effect of employment. Predicts 2020
will become the world's largest tourist destination in China, every year to attract
international visitors can reach 140 million people, accounted for 8.6% of the total
global international tourists
This article has a similarity geographic of research which is China, so the
25 | P a g e
information collected in the article will be useful for making the article and provide
more understanding information of China. Not only that, the finding of from this
article will be apply to the article by narrowing the research from the key points.
Not only that this article will be apply by using the collected data and analysis to
answer the first research question which focus on the economy sector. As for
example the finding of this article which is the impact of the theme are will
generate the investment , attracting the tourist arrival and increase the national
income increase will be use to answer the first research question on how the
theme park industry will impact the economic sustainability in China through the
economic growth.
LINKS
MaoNewzhi, WangGuixin. Effect on employment of Shanghai world expo
investment analysis. China population science. 2005

Links to the employment and job growth from the sector .
26 | P a g e
Braun M., 2000, The Economic Impact of Theme Park On Regions
This article highlighted the impact of theme park on the economy. By tourism, it
will contribute to the additional spending of tourist dollars in an area affects the
economy. However, extend of its effect, its implications, and its repercussions are
debatable.
In well-developed areas, tourism may enrich the community by providing

additional shops, theatres and restaurants, the permanent resident is offered
options which were previously unavailable. In less developed areas, tourism
might lead to frustration and resentment when only the tourist areas are given
good roads, adequate water supply, etc. It is important, that the native population
can participate - their position vis--vis the tourist accentuates their poverty and
may lead to violence (Lundberg, 1995, p144). As dollars are brought into an
economy by tourism the economy gets stimulated - costs of goods and services
increase, the price of land may skyrocket. In some areas the economy gets
"overheated", Landowners and developers may become rich, but the cost to the
average citizen usually multiplies because of the increased cost of housing.
It is reasoned that promotion of tourism will result in improved transportation

facilities and other infrastructure which will benefit local residents, the generation
of enhanced local government revenue which will result in improvement of
community facilities and services, and the multiplier effect of tourism on
development of other economic sectors.
27 | P a g e
Much of the research in tourism is concerned with the economic impact made by
tourism on a state, nation, island or community. But since there are countervailing
forces at play within an economy, the arising costs and benefits from tourism are
not immediately quantifiable. The costs and benefits of tourism are not evenly
distributed. What may be a benefit to one group may cost another group within
the same community or area. For example, hotel and restaurant operators may
benefit from tourism, but the permanent residents may suffer in terms of
crowding, pollution, noise, and in some cases, a changed way of life. Sometimes,
immigrants must be invited to serve the tourists, which constitutes a cost to the
community through the increased use of schools, hospitals, roads, water
systems.
The Export-basis theory rests upon a multiplier effect. Generally spoken, the
export basis theory supposes that the economic basis of a region is the sum of
all companies, which export their products into another region. This is called the
basic sector. The part of the industry that does not export, depends in its
development from the basic sector by a multiplier which is similar to the
Keynesian multiplier, but derives from exports and not from government
spending.
In this article, the academics used the export basis theory. Export basis tourist is
a gradualist theories of regional development, which advocated a gradual
28 | P a g e
transfer between primitive forms of economy to developed forms, and advanced

that the key role in the development of individual regions in the USA was played
by the demand for the products which could be produced locally in the region
(Blazek, 2008).
This article information will be apply to the article by using the information and
guide to answer the research question which focus from the economy sector. In
this article, the academic highlight the advantage and the disadvantage of the
impact of the theme park industry in which will be useful information to answer
the first research question. As for example the advantage impact of theme park
will improve the quality standards of the country and increase the revenue will
answer the research question on how theme park industry will impact the
economic sustainability in China through the economic growth. On the other
hand, the disadvantages information will be use to answer the second research
question by finding the solution to overcome the disadvantages and become the
strategy to the theme park to remain suitability.
This article do have a conflict with the authors, Songxiaoxiao, (October 2014)
Shanghai Disneyland Theme Park's Influence on the Urban Economy and
Employment because of this author make a comparison of the negative and
positive impact, while the other authors only make a positive impact of the theme
park.
Both article share a same similarity on the positive impacts as both
academics are agreed that the theme park industry will generate the economy of
the area through the investment from the foreign and theme park industry will
provide job opportunities.
29 | P a g e

LINKS
Lundberg, Donald E. (ph.D.): The Tourist Business, 1995, 5. Edition - Published

by Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York
- Links to the important of the employment to the native region.
Friedmann, David: Status Report of the Los Angeles County Economy, Vol. 1,
prepared for the Los Angeles Board of Commerce, 1999.
-
Links to the theme park/entertainment is a fastest growing business.
Esmail Z.M., Esmail Z. M., (2013) The Impacts of Tourism Industry on Host
Community, European Journal of Tourism Hospitality and Research, Vol.1, No.2, pp 1221
This article highlighted focuses on the tourism sector and its impacts on the
economy, environment, politics and the sociocultural being of the host
community. The main aim of this research is to highlight the well-organized and
30 | P a g e
managed economic impacts by host communities on the host community.
The unemployment impact of tourism is diffused widely over the economy

affecting almost all parts of the services and other sectors. The tourism industry
is highly labor intensive service industry and hence, it is a valuable source of
employment. It provides employment several times more than normal
manufacturing industries.
Tourism is an instrument in transferring a vast sum of money from "income

generating" countries to "income receiving" countries. The money spent by tourist
does tend to percolate through many levels.
It is not only developing countries but also some developed countries that need
to improve their balance of payments through tourism. Tourism is one of the most
important export industries of Europe and America. It can make a vital
contribution to narrow any trade deficits of any country.
As per the studies of the WTO and other related studies tourism is one of the
fastest growing industry in the world with various multiple activities. These, the
inputs are the basic incentives to the traders for the expansion of their business
or for launching new products in this segment.
Due to numerous economic benefits of tourism and its potential growth it helps in
the increase of standard of living of the people by offering new and better jobs,
which in terms helps them to improve the quality of life and their families.
31 | P a g e
Tourism activities increase the tax-revenue of the centre and the state governme.
Many types of taxes are included in tourist-related goods and services. All tourist
earnings increase many economic activities in the countries and these economic
activities are a big source of taxable earnings for the governments.
In this article, the academics analyse the contribution of the tourism industry
sector on economic of host community. Besides that, this article is also analyse
the on the environmental, social and cultural impact. This information from the
article is useful as it provide a lot of information on the economic part.
The contribution of the tourism industry as stated in this article are the tourism
industry will provide an employment and job opportunities, generate the income
of the country through the tourist spending, help to improve the deficits of the
country, contribution to the expansion of the new business, improve the quality of
life standards of the country, increase the tax revenue of the country. This finding
of the information will be use to use and to be apply to answer the research
question on how the theme park industry will impact the economic suitability in
China through the economic growth.
In this article, there are a similarities with the first author which is Songxiaoxiao,
(October 2014) and second author which is Braun M, (1999) which they agreed
that the contribution of tourism industry will give impact to the increasing of job
opportunities, help to improve the quality standards of the country and
32 | P a g e
contributed to the generate growth of economic through the investment.
LINKS
Mathieson, A. & Wall, G. (1982), "Tourism: economic, physical and social

impacts", Longman: Harlow, UK.
- Links to the economic importance of tourism in national economy can
be appreciated with reference to its contribution in infrastructure
development.
Simoni, S. & Mihai, D. (2012), "Tourism Organization and Coordination in

Australia and the Managerial Strategy for Tourism Development", Journal of
Knowledge Management, Economics and Information Technology, Issue 5
- Links to the tourism integrated into the functional unit of the economy
33 | P a g e

CH 3396 Issues in International Hospitality and Tourism Management

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