Institute

of
pavemen
t
engineeri
ng
BIWE-10
Assignment
Shravan.kanthaje
Matriculation
4572506

Number:

Institute of pavement engineering

Task 1:
List of assumptions/simplification made for the modeling of real pavement
behavior

We have used only single wheel load.

Homogenous pavement materials are assumed.

Surface
Temperature in C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

Vertical Strain at
top
of
subgrade
(micro strain)
-93.618
-120.78
-256.87

Horizontal Strain at
bottom of asphalt
(micro strain)
44.832
65.381
197.83

Materials are uniformly placed and compacted.

It is assumed that aggregates meet all of its requirements.
Loads are assumed to be static.
Wheel contact area is considered as circular.
It is assumed that annual increase in traffic is 0% in design period.

Task 2:

Institute of pavement engineering

Task 3 :

Vertical elastic strain

in loading axis at different temperatures
-450

-400

-350

-300

-250

-2.5

-200

-150

12.5

Depth
(mm)

Vertical elastic strain

(microsstrain)

Fig:1

-100

-50

42.5

Institute of pavement engineering

Vertical elastic stresses in loading axis at different temperatures

-800

-700

-600

-500

-400

-300

-200

-100

0
80
160
240
320
400
480
560

Depth
(mm)

640
-2.5

12.5

42.5

720
800
880
960
1040
1120
1200
1280
1360
1440
1520
1600

Vertical Stress
(microsstrain)

Fig:2

Discussions:
In figure 1 vertical elastic strain of the pavement structure at different depth
is observed.
From the graph it is clear that strain of the pavement structure is dependent
on surface temperature as it shows high vertical strain for higher
temperature. Fluctuation in vertical strain at different depth of pavement is
more at higher temperature. Top layer of asphalt surface and just below the
3

Institute of pavement engineering

asphalt surface (nearly at 320mm), vertical strain is very much higher of
maximum temperature (42.5 C) and also for the rest of the observed
temperatures.
Also just below the UGM surface (nearly at 800mm) we see higher vertical
strain for all temperatures.
In figure 2 vertical elastic stress of the pavement structure at different depth
for different temperatures are observed.
It is clear from the graph that vertical elastic stress is more in asphalt surface
for all temperatures and it decreases with the increases in depth. So vertical
stress caused by loading is mainly taken by the asphalt surface and it is
dependent of surface temperature.

Task 4:

Institute of pavement engineering

Vertical stress in Horizontal Axis at the top of UGL at different temperature

-80
-70
-60
-50
-2.5
vertical Stress

-40

12.5

42.5

-30
-20
-10
0
0

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Horizontal Axis in mm
Fig:3

Result Discussions:

Vertical stress is more in the loading axis for all the observed
temperatures; however stress in the loading axis for higher
temperatures is very much larger than moderate and low temperature.
In short, vertical stress is directly proportional to surface temperature.
Vertical stress decreases with the increase in horizontal distance from
loading axis.

Task 5:

Subgrade criteria to limit the permanent deformation

5

Institute of pavement engineering

N f =(9300 / )7

Asphalt Layer fatigue criterion

( SFF )a

Nf=

Given
SF
F
a
k

1500
2.1
2.8283
-4.194

Rutting
Temperat
ure in C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

Vertical
Strain,
at 770mm (micro
strain)
93.618
120.78
256.87

Fatigue
Horizontal Strain,
Nf
STD
Axis at
260mm Nf
STD Axis
Repetition
(milistrain)
Repetition
9.54696E+13
0.044832
9.1335E+08
1.60478E+13
0.065381
1.8767E+08
8.15E+10
0.19783
1.8061E+06

Temperat
ure in C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

Log
Nf,
Rutting
13.97986513
13.20541546
10.91138694

Log
Nf,
Fatigue
8.960636889
8.2733936
6.256748157

Institute of pavement engineering

LogNf at different temperatures

Fatigue
13.98

Rutting
13.21
10.91

8.96

8.27
6.26

-2.5

12.5

42.5

Task 6 :

Use of Miners hypothesis to demonstrate compliance against permanent

deformation in the subgrade and fatigue of the asphalt.
Given Data:
Forecast number of axels
passes per year
1000000
Design period of use
20
Surface
C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

Temperature

in Frequency
occurrence
25%
40%
35%

of

Institute of pavement engineering

Damage accumulation for subgrade:
Surface
Temperature
in C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

Traffic load cycles

traffic load
for design case, cycles to cause

Vertical Strain at
top of subgrade
(micro strain)
-93.618
-120.78
-256.87

ni

5.00E+06
8.00E+06
7.00E+06

miner = Ni
i=1

5
= 8.6395* 10

failure

.Ni

9.5470E+13
1.6048E+13
8.1543E+10

ni
Nf
5.2373E-08
4.9851E-07
8.5844E-05

Damage accumulation for Asphalt:

Surface
Temperature
in C
-2.5
12.5
42.5

miner =
i=1

Horizontal Strain at
bottom of asphalt
(micro strain)
44.832
65.381
197.83

ni
Ni

Traffic load cycles

traffic load
for design case, cycles to cause

ni

5.00E+06
8.00E+06
7.00E+06

failure,

Ni

9.1335E+08
1.8767E+08
1.8061E+06

ni
Nf
5.47E-03
4.26E-02
3.88E+00

= 3.92 1

Task 7:
Asphalt surface is the top most layer of the pavement structure. It is directly
exposed to environmental condition and wheel load. It should also provide a
smooth riding quality with high friction and brightness. Hence Asphalt
surface should be studied carefully and its performance affect the total
durability of the pavement structure. Asphalt base layer helps to provide
additional load distribution and protect the underneath layer from higher
stresses.

Institute of pavement engineering

As a result of resistance against loading, asphalt with full layer bound

performs better than asphalt with no layer bound. Asphalt with full layer
bound has less horizontal strain between asphalt base and asphalt binder. So
therefore it has good fatigue performance and it increases the durability of
the structure.