1

SCIENCE GRADE 5 - First Quarter 2016

Classifying matter based on its property
Properties are the external and internal characteristics of an object.
Properties of matter can be used as a guide in identifying materials based on their:
o appearance
o taste
o shape
A material is a substance from which is something is made.
Example: A chair can be made from materials such as wood and metal
CLASSES OF PROPERTIES:
A. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES - are characteristics of matter that can be observed or measured without
having to change its composition.
1. COLOR- refers to combined lightness or darkness, hue, and saturation
2. SHAPE - is the property that describes the outline or external appearance of an object. (round,
rectangular, triangle, square)
3. SIZE -describes how big or small an object is.
4. TEXTURE - is the smoothness or roughness of an object.
5. ABSORBENCY - is the property of a material that easily allows water to pass through its pores.
Paper, cloth, and cotton are absorbent materials.
6. CONDUCTIVITY -a property that allows heat and electricity to pass through it.
Copper is a good conductor. Most cable wires are made out of copper.
7. FLEXIBILITY - is the property of a material that is easy to bend. Example: wires
8. FLUIDITY -is the ability of matter to flow from one space into another.
Example: water, syrup, juice
9. HARDNESS - is the resistance of an object to bending, scratching, or cutting.
Example: Titanium, diamond
10. IMPERMEABILITY - is the property of a material that does not allow water to pass through it. It is
said to be waterproof or water-resistant.
Example: plastic, rubber, metals
11. INSULATION - is the property of a material that does not allow heat and electricity to pass through
it.
Example: wool
12. MAGNETISM - is the property of a material to get attracted to magnets.
Example: metal
13. RIGIDITY - a property of a material that is hard to bend.
Example: glass

14. SOLUBILITY - is the ability of a substance to be dissolved by other substances.

SOLUTE - is the substance being dissolved by other substances. Example: sugar, salt, powdered
milk
SOLVENT - is the substance that dissolves the solute. WATER is a universal solvent.
15. STRENGTH - a property of a material that is hard to break
Examples: titanium, steel, rocks
16. THICKNESS - is the width of an object. An object may be as thin as a sheet of paper or as thick as a
book.
17. TRANSPARENCY - is the ability of matter to allow light to pass through.
OPAQUE - material that does not allow light to pass through it. Examples: wood, cartons, metal
TRANSLUCENT - material that allows only a small light to pass through it. Example: capiz shells
TRANSPARENT - material that allows light to pass through it. Example: clear glass
B. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES - refer to the internal composition of matter and include such characteristics
as flammability and reactivity.
1. FLAMMABILITY - is the ability of an object to get burned by fire or other strong chemical.
Example: When a piece of wood (which is flammable) is burned, it transformed into charcoal.
The change is manifested in the altered color and form.
2. REACTIVITY - is the ability of matter to change in composition as manifested by changes in its physical
properties, such as its color and form.
Example: When the iron gets wet, it becomes rusty because of the contact in air and water.
Distinguishing between useful and harmful materials
USEFUL MATERIALS:
1. PLASTIC - is a material made from various chemicals. When heated, it can be molded into different
shapes.
- useful in making water containers, kitchenware, toys
2. WOOD - is a material that is produced from the roots and trunks of trees. It is hard, flexible, and
long-lasting.
- useful in furniture, musical instruments, and as construction materials
3. TEXTILE - is made from either natural or human-made fibers that have been woven together and are
used to make a variety of items such as:
- clothes, bags, insulation
o Silk is taken from cocoon, a natural source
o Nylon and Polyester are human-made materials that are combined to make textile.
HARMFUL MATERIALS:
1. CORROSIVE - can damage or destroy the outer layer of other materials.
o Muriatic acid can be useful in removing stains, but corrodes metals and burns a persons skin
2. FLAMMABLE materials can easily catch fire when exposed to heat.
Example: gasoline, kerosene, and lamp alcohol
dried leaves, paper, and cloth can burn easily
3. EXPLOSIVE materials - are those substances that contain a lot of energy.
Example: Nitroglycerine is a liquid that is used to make bombs.
Gunpowder, compressed air in aerosol hair sprays when exposed to heat can explode.

4. POISONOUS or TOXIC materials - can cause sickness or death when they are swallowed, inhaled, or
absorbed through the skin.
Example: moth balls, chemical pesticides, mouse baits and mosquito sprays, and paints
5. REACTIVE materials cause a chemical reaction when they are mixed with other substances. The
chemical reaction produces heat.
Example: Mixing baking soda with vinegar. It can cause irritation when in contact with eyes or
skin.
o Household materials can be grouped as follows: those used for cleaning and food preparation,
beautification, building construction, and household product.
o Materials (found in products) like metal, wood, ceramic, rubber, glass, or plastic have specific
properties.
o Materials are improved by technology. Improvements on products like soaps, detergents,
plastics, paints, and stainless metals make life more comfortable.
o Technology has improved our household tasks through the use of machines, like grinders,
washers, and cooking and cleaning machines.
o Outside our homes, we benefit from materials that technology has made possible, electronics for
communication, and advanced machines for medical examinations.
o Materials have beneficial effects in the home and the environment. They can make cooking
faster. They can keep our homes and clothing clean and safe from insects.
o Materials can sometimes do harm. They cause sickness.

Changes in Matter
1. Physical Change - is the process by which the physical or external properties of matter are altered.
They do not affect or change the composition the material.
Example: paper crafting, broken glass,
2. Chemical Change - is the process by which the internal composition of matter is altered.
Example: burned paper which turned into ashes
burned wood which turned into charcoal.
Proper Waste Management
Waste management is the precise name for collection, disposal or recycling of wastes.
o Proper segregation of waste materials should be observed.
o Classifying materials is important to know whether the materials are to be reduced, reused or
recycled into making useful products.
o We can create a useful product out of recyclable materials.
Recycle is to make something new from something that has been used before.
Recycling is important to conserve raw materials and reduce the need to consume other precious
resources.
Recyclable solid local materials can be made into useful products.
o Example: plastic drinking bottles can be made into flower vase or pots
Juice wrappers can be made into bags
Old newspaper and magazines can be made into pencil holder
Used clothes can be recycled into rags and throw pillows.
Recognizing the importance of reuse waste management:
Reuse
o Donate or sell reusable items. Use both sides of paper and printing and re-use as scratch paper,
gift wrappers, etc.

o Consider the potential life span or durability when buying new products.
o Buy durable food/storage containers and reuse them instead of using foil, plastic bags/wrap.
o Materials that can be reused are empty cans, bottle of all sizes, cups, plates, glasses, broken iron
grills, wood parts of furniture, medicine vials, cosmetic bottle, and trays.
o The importance of reuse is to prevent solid waste from entering the landfill, improve our
communities, and increase the materials.
Recognizing the importance of Recycle and Reduce waste Management
Reduce
o Make less garbage. For example, instead of buying juice boxes for lunch, buy a large container of
juice and use a washable single serving container to take it to school.
o Buy items in refillable containers
o Use cloth bag/eco bag/paper bag/native baskets instead of plastic bag, when you buy groceries.
o Avoid buying disposable items or single use products such as batteries, razors, utensils, plates,
cups etc.
o Reducing is important because they decrease the amount of waste on the planet and preserve
natural resources by maintaining space and cutting down on landfills.
o Reduce consumption of new material and save energy.
Recycle
o Turn an item into another useful item. For example, scrap paper from the classroom might be
turned into a newspaper or paper bags when sent to the recycling plant.
o Do not throw away used newspapers or used writing pads. Sell them or bring them into usable
paper again.
o Used bottles, tin cans, rubber tires can be recycled into useful materials.
Recognized the importance of recover and repair in waste management
Recover
o Any waste that cant be reused, recycled or avoided in the first place (i.e. reduced) can be used to
make heat and power using incineration, anaerobic digestion or other techniques.
o By recovering the energy left in our rubbish we extract maximum value whilst landfill.
Repair
o Have appliances, office equipment, lighting fixtures, and automotive parts repaired instead of
buying new ones.
o Have an old furniture reupholstered or refurbished instead of buying ones.
--------------------