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TECHNOLOGY
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING AND THE BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Thermodynamics
THF101T
SURNAME
INITIALS
STUDENT
NO.
Breed
K.D.G.
209013819
Benci
M.A.
209185202
Nel
J.
208177850
Swanepoel
J.J.
209145570
Objective
The objective of this practical is:
Motive
To gain insight into the application of the steady flow equation to open systems, and
acquire knowledge of the workings of a simple power plant.
Theory
The steady flow energy equation relates to open systems working under steady
conditions i.e in which conditions do not change with time.
The boundary encloses a system through which fluid flows at a constant rate, whilst
heat transfer occurs and external work is done all under steady conditions, that is ,
the rates of mass flow and energy flow are constant with respect to time.
The equation for steady flow (the steady flow energy equation) is generally written
per unit mass as:
o
o
Q+W=dh
dh=h1-h4
RANKINE CYCLE
Saturated or superheated steam enters the turbine at state 1, where it expands
isentropically to the exit pressure at state 2. The steam is then condensed at
constant pressure and temperature to a saturated liquid, state 3. The heat removed
from the steam in the condenser is typically transferred to the cooling water. The
saturated liquid then flows through the pump which increases the pressure to the
boiler pressure
(state 4), where the water
is first heated
to the saturation
temperature,
boiled and typically
superheated to
state 1. Then the whole
cycle is
repeated.
Method
We used the Rankine cycler for the experiment, which has the power rating of: P=
15W, V= 15V, I= 1A.
1) Put 6 liters of water in the boiler
2) Close the steam admission valve to run the system
3) Turn on the system and wait a while for the pressure to reach 110PSI
4) After the pressure has reached 110PSI open the steam admission valve to release
the pressure until it drops to 40PSI,
5) Raise the pressure again but keep it below 110PSI, and repeat (5), then the
voltage increase to max
6) Switch on the load, the current will increase and voltage decrease
7) Take the readings on the computer to tabulate the results.
8) After the machine has cooled down, drain the water from the turbine
Time elapsed for the experiment is 45 minutes
Table of Readings
Measurements
Boiling
Pressure
Steam Turbine
Inlet Pressure
Steam Turbine
outlet
Pressure
Boiler
Temperature
Steam Turbine
inlet
temperature
Steam outlet
temperature
Generator
Current
(output)
Generator
Voltage
(output)
Fuel Flow
Turbine/
Generator
RPM
Physical
Channel
PD1_A01
User Label
Value
Units
BP
99.04
PSIG
T in P
5.3404
PSIG
PD1_A02
PD1_A03
T in P
0.9968
PSIG
PD1_A04
BT
151.21
PD1_A05
T in T
100.96
PD1_A06
T out T
93.04
PD1_A07
DC-A
0.06
AMPS
PD1_A08
DC-V
5.74
VOLTS
PD1_A09
PD1_A10
Fuel Flow
RPM
6.59
2007.893
LTRS/MIN
RPM
Condensate 320 ml
Initial water into the boiler 6000 ml
Water from the boiler after experiment 410 ml
Calculations
Water remaining = 6000 - 320 410 = 5270ml
o
o
Discussion
Conclusion
From the experiment we were able to conclude, by observing a simple power
plant, that in an open system there are significant losses due to reasons
stated above. Although our apparatus was not a closed system such as that
of a true Rankine cycle we were still able to observe and analyze continuous
data.