Homework 16, QFT I

Professor: Sergey Kovalenko

Assistant Professor: Marcela Gonzalez
Student: Daniel Salinas-Arizmendi
Universidad Tcnica Federico Santa Mara

July 5, 2016

Problem 1. Prove:
0
(a) y = 0
:
0
0
y
=
:
(b)
Solution 1. (a) The chiral representation of the gamma matrix is given by:
0

=
where

= (1; ~ ) and
0

(1)

= (1; ~ ) : So
0

0
1

1
0

0
1

0
0

0
1

(2)

1
0

1
0

Moreover
y

=
=

(3)

0
0
(

(
y

)
0

but, (

) = 1y ; ~ y

where we used

k y

= (1; ~ ) =
=

) = 1y ; ~ y

, and (

= (1; ~ ) =

(Pauli matrix are hermitian)

y

(4)

Therefore
0

(b) Dening

i
2

(5)

;
0

i
2
i
2
i
2
i
2
i
2
i
2

=
=
=
=
=
=

0 0

y
y

( $ )
0

( $ )

( $ )
y

y
y
y

i
2

=
=

i
2

where we used the previous result

we used following notation

(6)

and

0 0

Xa Yb + Xb Ya = Xa Yb + (a $ b) :

(7)

Problem 2. Show that:

1
(a) y5 = 5 = 5 = ( 5 ) :
i
(b) 5 = 4!
:
2
(c) ( 5 ) = 1
y
0
(d) 5
= 0 5
:
1 Demostration,

0:

used chiral representation of

0 0

0
1

1
0

0
1

1
0

1
0

0
1

= 11 : Furthermore

=1

Solution 2. (a) We used dinition

y
5

3 y

= i

2 y

i
1 y

0 1 2 3:

So

0 y

(8)

0 3 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

= i
= i 0
=
i
= +i
=
i
=
5
where we used 0
f ; g = 2g :

=(

=
=
=

3 2 1
0 2 3 1
0 2 1 3
0 1 2 3

0 0

) ,

i 0
ig00
i 0

= i 0
5
=

= 1 and the anticommutation relations

(9)

1 2 3
0
g11 1 g22 2 g33 3
1
2
3

1 2 3

where we used for up and down indices the metric tensor dened by g
(b) We nd

=
=
=
=
=
=
=

=
=
=

i
4!
i
0
k
+ k
0
4!
i
0 i j k
k 0
k i
+ k0
+ ki
0ijk
4!
i
0 i j k
+ k0ij k 0 i j + ki0 k i 0 +
0ijk
4!
i
0 i j k
+ k0ij k 0 i j + ki0j k i 0 j +
0ijk
4!
i
4 0ijk 0 i j k
4!
i
0 1 j k
+ 02jk 0 2 j k + 03jk 0 3 j k
01jk
3!
i
0 1 2 3
+ 0132 0 1 3 2 + 0213 0 2 1 3
0123
3!
+ 0231 0 2 3 1 + 0312 0 3 1 2 + 0321 0 3 2 1
i
6 0 1 2 3
3!
i 0 1 2 3
5

=diag(1; 1; 1; 1) :

(10)

kij

kij0

k i j

k i j 0

where we used the denition fo the symbol

(c) Also 5 = i 0 1 2 3 = i 0 1 2 3
2
5)

0123

1:

0 1 2 3

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

(11)

0 1 2 3
1 0 3 2

3
3
3

0 1
1 3 0 2
0
1 0 2
0 1
3 1 2 0
0
2 1 0
0 1
2 1
1 2 3
2
2 3

2 3
1 2 3
2 3
1 2 3
2 3

3
3

where we used the anticommutation relation of the gamma matrices and that
0
k
k
0 = 1 and
k = 1: Demotration of
k =1
k
k

k
k

=
1
0

(d) We used

=(

(12)

=
=

0
1

1
y

) and
y

y
5

5;

y
5

= i

we have
(13)

0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 0
0
5
0
5

Problem 3. Show that:

(a) f 5 ; g = 0:
(b) [ 5 ;
] = 0:
Solution 3. (a) Using the denition
commutator
0 1 2
+
5
5 =i
4

5
3

=i

0 1 2 3

+i

; we have to the anti-

0 1 2 3

(14)

For

=0
5;

0 1 2 3 0

= i

=
i
= i 0
=
i
= 0
For

1 0 2 3
0 0 1 2

0 1 2 3 1

= i

=
i
= i 0
= 0

+i
+i 0
3
+i

(15)

0 0 1 2 3
0 1 2 3
0 0 1 2 3

1 0 1 2 3

+i

0 1 2 1 3

(16)

0 1 1 2 3

1 1 2 3

0 1 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 2

+i

2 0 1 2 3

=2
5;

= i
=
=
=

For

0 1 2 0 3

=1
5;

For

0 0 1 2 3

+i

i
i

0 1 2 2 3
0 1 2 2 3

(17)

0 2 1 2 3

i
+i

0 1 2 2 3

=3
5;

We conclude that f 5 ;
(b) Using the fact that
[A; BC]

5;

=
=
=
=

0 1 2 3 3

+i

3 0 1 2 3

0 1 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 3

0 1 3 2 3

0 1 2 3

i
+i
3
i

0 3 1 2 3

= i
= i
= i
= 0

0 1 2 3 3

(18)

g = 0:
= ABC BCA
= (AB + BA) C B (AC + CA)
= fA; Bg C B fA; Cg

And using the denition

[

= i

i
[ ;
2 5
i
[ ;
2 5
i
(f 5 ;
2
0

i
2

] ; we have
]

(20)

( $ )

(19)

5;

g)

( $ )

we used that f

5;

g = 0:
2

Problem 4. Prove a/ = a2
Solution 4. We have
a/a/ =

a
a
1
a a (
2
g a a
a a
a2

=
=
=
=

(21)
+

Problem 5. Derive the following identities tith contractions of the gamma

matrices:
(a)
= 4:
(b)
= 2 :
(c)
= 4g :
(d)
= 2
:
(e)
= 12:
5
(f )
= 4:
5
(g)
= 0:
(h)
= 4
:
5
(i)
= 0:
5
(j)
= 12 5 :
Solution 5. (a) We have
=
=

0
0

2
2

3
3

(22)

(b) Using the previous result we nd

=
=
=
=

+ 2g
+ 2g

4
2

(23)

+2

(c) Using the previous results we have

=

+ 2g

+ 2g

= 2
= 2
=

+2
;

4g
6

(24)

(d) Using the previous results we nd

=

+ 2g

(25)

+ 2g

=
=

4g
2

+2
+g

(e) Using the previous results we have

=
=
=
=
=

i2
4

(
1
4
1
4

(26)
+

1
(2 4 + 4 4 + 4 4
4
16

2 4)

(f ) We have
5
5

=
=

where we used the anticonmutation relation f

(g) Using the previous results we nd
1
4
1
g
4
1
g
4
1
g
4
1
g
4

=
=
=
=
=
=

(27)

5;

g = 0, and

= 1:

(28)
+
4g

4g
4

4
4

4
4

+4

2
+

4g

4g

(h) Using the previous results we have

=
=
=

i
8
i
8
i
8

)
+
+

+
=

=
=
=
(i) Using that [

i
( 2
8
4g
i
16 (
8
i
4 [ ;
2
4
5;

5;

+
4g

+2

+ 4g

+ 4g
+2

)
]

] = 0 and previous resulst we nd

5

(j) Using that [

(29)

=
=
=

(30)
0

] = 0 and

= 12

=
=

12

(31)
5

Problem 6. Prove the following identities with traces of gamma matrices:

(a) Tr
= 0:
(b) Tr
= 4g :
(c) Tr
= 4 (g g
g g + g g ):
(d) Tr( 5 ) = 0:
(e) Tr 5
= 0:
(f ) Tr a/1
a/2n+1 = 0:
(g) Tr 5
= 0:
Solution 6. (a) As (

2
5)

Tr

= 1; we can say
= Tr
=

Tr

(32)

5 5
5

where used that

= 0: Now we remember the traza properties2

T r (ABC) = T r (BCA)

(33)

We have
Tr

So the only option is Tr

(b) We have

Tr

Tr

(34)

5 5

=0

Tr

1
Tr
+ Tr
2
1
Tr
;
2
1
T r (2g 1)
2
g T r (1)
4g

=
=
=
=
=

(35)

(c) Using the previous results we nd

Tr

Tr

+ T r 2g

(36)

= Tr

8g g

+ 8g g

8g g

Tr

+ 8g g
+ 8g g

or
2T r

= 8g g

8g g

+ 8g g

(37)

Tr

= 4 (g g

g g

+g g )

(38)

or
(d) Analogous to part (a)
Tr (

So the only option is T r (

5)

5)

= T r ( 5 0 0)
=
T r ( 0 0 5)
=
T r ( 5)

(39)

= 0:

2 Demostration:

T r (ABC)

=
=

hnjABCjni =

hmjBCAjmi = T r (BCA)

n;m

hnjAjmi hmjBCjni =

n;m

hmjBCjni hnjAjmi

(e) Using the previuos results we have

Tr

= Tr

= Tr
=
=
=

(40)

5
5

T r 5 4g
4g T r ( 5 )
0

(f ) Using the previuos results we nd

T r a/1

a/2n+1

= Tr

/1
5 5a

a/2n+1

Tr

/1
5 5a

T r a/1

a/2n+1

T r a/1

a/2n+1

(41)

a/2n+1

5 5

So the only option is T r a/1

a/2n+1 = 0:
(f ) Using the previuos results we have
Tr

=
=

where we used Tr(odd number of

iT r

Problem 7. Calculate Tr (p/

(42)

0 1 2 3

0
s) = 0 (part (e)).

m)

(1

5 ) (q/ +

m)

Solution 7. We have
T r (p/

m)

= T r p/ q/
mT r
= T r p/ q/
= T r (p/1/q/1)
/

(1

5 ) (q/ +

+ mT r p/

T r p/

q/

m Tr
T r p/

m)
+ mT r

mT r p/
5 q/

4m2 g

5q

where we used Tr[a/b/c/d]

/ = 4 [(a b) (c d) + (a d) (b c)
previuos results
(1

+ m Tr

m Tr

= 4 [(p 1) (q 1) + (p 1) (1 q) (p q) (1 1)] + 4i
= 4 p q +p q
(p k) g + i
p q
4m2 g

Problem 8. Calculate

5 q/

Tr p

5 q/

5 ) (p/

10

m)

p q

4m2 g

(a c) (b d)] and the

Solution 8. Using the previous results (prob.5 part (a) ; (b))

=
=
=
=

(1
p/

m)
5 ) (p/
m
+m
5 p/
5
p
4m
p
m
5
5
2 p
4m 2 5 p
4m 5
2p/ 4m 2 5 p/ 4m 5

11

(43)