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org InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013
StudyonBiochemicalMethanePotentialand
EngineeringApplicationofSludge
DehydratedWaterthroughHydrothermal
DryingTreatment
MengDawei1,JiangZili2,MuHongyan*3andKunioYoshikawa4
FirstFourDepartmentofEnvironmentalScienceandTechnology,TokyoInstituteofTechnology,Yokoha
ma2268502,Japan
ThirdDepartmentofEnvironmentalEngineering,BMEICO.,LTD,Beijing100027,China
mengdawei@bmei.net.cn;2jiangzili@bmei.net.cn;*3third.muhongyan@bmei.net.cn;
Four.yoshikawa.k.aa@m.titech.ac.jp
1
4
Abstract
The Hohhot sewage sludge dehydrated water
(SDW)throughhydrothermaldryingtreatmentwasstudiedin
this paper, which was evaluated by Biochemical Methane
Potential(BMP)testaswellastheguidanceforanbiochemical
methane potentialproject. The results showed that under 35
degree, after continuous 21 days fermentation, the sludge
dehydrated water performed the maximum cumulative gas
production (9450mL) with the concentration of 20gCOD/L.
Withtheincreaseofconcentrationofsludgedehydratedwa
ter, both unit biogas production and methane conversion
raterose at first and then fell, and it achieved
499.8mL/Gcodwhich was the maximum of 10gCOD/L slur
ry.According to the optimal results of commercial project in
Hohhot, the efficiency of 20gCOD/L sample, 83.42 tons of
sludge dehydrated water if all the loading of COD was de
graded were calculated to produce 342m3 methane, corres
pondingtotheheatfrom239.5kgstandardcoal,whichcould
beusedforrecycling.
Keywords
Hydrothermal Drying; Sludge Dehydrated Water; Biochemical
MethanePotential;Methane
Introduction
As a new applied technology in the sludge treatment
area, hydrothermal drying technology for sludge has
attracted much attention both at home and abroad in
recent years, with advantages such asdecrement of
sludge volume, enhancement of anaerobic digestion
potential,nontoxic,green,andrecycling,etc.However,
therearealargemassofrawsludgeproducedwithout
stable processing each year, and it was seriously dis
rupted in betweensludge treatment and wastewater
188
InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013 www.ijesci.org
betterreactionconditions.Atthesametime,itwases
sentialtoinvestigatetechnicalfeasibilityandeconomic
andrationalresearchforthistechnicalroute,inorderto
improve the hydrothermal drying technical chain of
sludge,toachieveclosedcycle treatment of both waste
water and sludge through hydrothermal drying me
thod, and to achieve the maximum of the recycle of
resource,in combination with some engineering
projectsofbiochemicalmethanepotentialfromsludge
dehydratedwater.
Experiment
FIG.1EXPERIMENTALDEVICEOFBIOCHEMICALMETHANEPOTENTIAL
Materials
Methods
1)SludgeDehydratedWater
In this study, the sludge dehydrated water(SDW)
was derived from the sludge ofHohhot sewage
treatmentplant(20%oftotalsolid),whichwasthe
residual fluid after hydrothermal drying treatment
(Table1).ItcouldbeseenthatthisSDWhadabet
ter biodegradabilityto be used as the substrate (or
zymotic fluid) of methane production, which had
theratioofBOD5/CODcr0.38.
TABLE1CHARACTERISTICSOFTHESDW
pH
6.75
TP
SS
/mgL
1.384
1
/mgL
0.101
1
NH3N
CODcr
BOD5
/mgL
1.8
/mgL
41.82
/mgL1
15.73
1)BiochemicalMethanePotentialtest
Table1showedthattheconcentrationofCODand
ammonia nitrogen is relatively high for methano
gens normal growth, and it was essential for the
SDWwithgradientdilution.Anaerobicbottleswere
numberedconsecutivelyfromNo.1toNo.6,among
whichNo.1~No.4werethezymoticfluidswith1,2,4,
8 times dilution of the raw SDW, similarly,
No.5~No.6 were the comparisonsample (CP., con
taining375mLrawfluidand1125mLdistilledwater)
andtheblankone(BK.,containing1500mLdistilled
waterand125mLinoculatedsludge).
TABLE2CHARACTERISTICSOFTHESDW
2)Inoculatedsludge(IS)
Inoculatedsludgewascollectedfromtheanaerobic
digester of Beijing sewage treatment plant, which
wasaddedtoglucosewith5000mg/Ldosageforone
weekdomestication.
Facilities
In this experiment, the anaerobic methaneproducing
systemwithsimpleglassbottleswasadoptedtosimu
late anaerobic fermentation process, in order to pro
vide data support for future engineering application.
TheapparatuswasinstalledasFig.1shownbelow,and
thenitsleakproofnesswasinspected.
2.5LCSTR(continuousstirredtankreactor)tankswere
used as anaerobic reactors. Certain volume of SDW
wasaddedintoeachbottle,dilutedwithdistilledwater
to 1.5L, then inoculated with flocculent anaerobic
sludgerespectivelyaccordingtotheinoculationquan
tityofCODSDS:VSSIS=4:1,andintheendfillednitrogen
gasfor3minutestoeliminateoxygeninside.Thebiogas
producedbyanaerobicfermentationwasmeasuredby
gasflowmeter.
No.
COD/gL1
41.82
20.91
10.45
5.23
Thealkalescencyofthezymoticfluidwasadjusted
topHof7.5~8.0bymeansof3mol/LNaOHsolution,
andreactorsinstalledasshowninFig.1,wereplaced
in constant temperature incubator with
35degreesCelsius[15].Littlewaterwasaddedinto6
graduated cylinders in order to make the liquid
level coincide with zero graduation, and two
records of methane yield at 8:00 and 16:00 every
daywerekeptwithslowlyvibratinganaerobicbot
tlesforabout30minonetime,inordertoavoidthe
emergency of partial acidification. After the com
pletion of methane production, pH values were
testedforallofzymoticfluids.
2)SludgeHydrothermalDryingpretreatment
Thisprojectcouldreducethewatercontent(WC)of
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www.ijesci.org InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013
8000
6000
4000
900
800
-1
2000
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
Time/d
FIG.2CUMULATIVEMETHANEPRODUCTIONWITHDIFFERENTCODOF
SLUDGEDEHYDRATEDWATER
190
Intheinitiatingstageoffermentation,No.1sample
had the top speed of biogas production but with
normal cumulative biogas production. The reason
might be with too high concentration of ammonia
nitrogen(1800mg/L)andthenearlyneutralzymotic
fluid in the end, inhibition effect occurred after 6
days fermentation to methanogens rather than aci
dification generated by acetic acid bacteria, which
ledtothelowbiogasproductionefficiency(6750mL
cumulative biogasyield).No.2 samplehada rapid
speed at the beginning, but stagnated during
6th~10thdays,andthencameuptosignificantbio
gas efficiency again. It might because the mixed
anaerobic fermentation bacteria could better adapt
to thiszymotic fluid withthe organicloading con
ditions, which could breed in abundance and coo
peratewithmethanogenstoconvertorganismfrom
thezymoticfluid.Themethaneproducingcurveof
No.3samplewassimilartoNo.1,bothofwhichap
peared dead time from 6th to 10th, then produced
biogasagain,andultimatelyreached5825mLinthe
17thday.
10000
10 12 14
Time/d
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
40gCOD/L (No.1)
10gCOD/L (No.3)
CP. (No.5)
16
18
20
22
20gCOD/L (No.2)
5gCOD/L (No.4)
BK. (No.6)
FIG.3DAILYMETHANEPRODUCTIONWITHDIFFERENTCODOFSLUDGE
DEHYDRATEDWATER(SDW)
InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013 www.ijesci.org
Afteranaerobicbiogasproductioncameintostable,
unit biogas production and the percentage of me
thaneconversionwereshowninFig.4.Unitbiogas
production represented the volume of produced
methane when per COD of zymotic fluid was de
gradedafterfermentation.Underthecircumstances
of 35 degree Celsius and 101.3kPa, there would be
395mL pure methane produced when 1gCOD was
degraded, somethane conversionratemeantthe per
centageofthevalueofCODconvertedtomethane
againstthetotalvalueofCOD.
Theunitbiogaswascalculatedasfollows:
G
1000
G(mL/g)unitbiogas;
G0(mL)cumulativemethaneproduction;
C0(mg/L)CODvalueofSDWbeforefermentation;
C1(mg/L)CODvalueofSDWafterfermentation;
V0(L)volumeofSDW(0.3L).
The results showed that with the increase of zy
motic fluid concentration, both unit biogas yield
80
500
Unit gas prod.
conv. rate
400
70
60
50
300
40
200
30
20
100
10
0
20
10
-1
Concentration/gCODL
40
2)UnitbiogasProduction
-1
AsitwasseeninFig.3thatthedailybiogasproduc
tion of No.1 sample had the maximum production
duringinitial6days(gaspeakperiod:I),andthen
quicklydroppedtoanendinthe11thday.No.2and
No.3samplesquicklyachievedeachbiogassummit
initially,graduallystoppedtoproduceafter6days
(lag period: II), then achieved their second biogas
producing peaks during III period, and gradually
reduced after the 14th day (ending period: IV).
BiogassummitsoccurredinNo.4sampleinthefirst
6daysaswell,inwhichbiogaswasyieldedsteadily
during period of II, then eliminated after the 10th
day.
FIG.4UNITBIOGASPRODUCTIONANDMETHANECONVERSIONOFSLUDGE
DEHYDRATEDWATER(SDW)
3)ComparativeAnalysisforBiochemicalMethane
Potential
Severalbiogasyieldresultsofanaerobictestswere
listed in Table 3 with similar points of anaerobic
materials, reaction temperature for methanogens,
biogas producing time, and pH range. Because of
the different pretreatment methods as well as spe
cificoperatingconditionsduringtheexperiment,it
turnedoutdifferentbiogasyieldandmethanecon
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www.ijesci.org InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013
versionraterespectively.
Hu statedthat methane yield (average methane
content 69%) was 50mL/g VS for the mixture of
bluealgaeandanaerobicgranularsludge(ratio6:1).
Wangdidresearchonsewagesludgeanaerobicdi
gestibility by means of thermal hydrolysis pre
treatment (170 and 30 minutes) and achieved
biogas production rate of 250mL/g COD. Rao
adopted three adding rate (5%, 7%, and 10%) in
turn during biogas production for 75 days, and
achieved the methane yield of 0.12~0.14m3CH4/kg
CODaftersteadyanaerobicoperation.Aboveall,it
hadanobviousadvantageofthesewagesludgefor
methane production after thermal hydrolysis pre
treatmentcomparedtoothermeans.
No
Name
Type
Time
BiogasYield
Conv.
Rate/%
/d
/mLg1COD
Hu
batch
103.4
20.4
Wang
batch
20
250
44.6
batch
20
449.8
74.01
No.31)
Rao
semicont.
75
>2602)
1)No.3:thesamplewiththeconcentrationof10COD/Linthispaper;
2)Biogasyieldwasthemeanvalueaftersteadyanaerobicoperation.
4)CODandpHofinletandoutlet
TheSDWchangesofCODandpHbeforeandafter
fermentation were shown inTable 4. With the in
crease of zymotic fluids concentration, COD de
gradationratereducedgradually,andthepHafter
fermentationbasedsteadilyinweakacidconditions.
It might because too high COD concentration had
significantly restrained the acidforming bacterium
Final
Original
Final
41.82
25.09
8.82
7.2
20.91
4.41
8.87
6.9
10.45
1.82
8.86
6.86
5.23
0.78
8.9
6.64
FIG.5PROCESSFLOWDIAGRAMOFMETHANEPRODUCTIONFROMSLUDGE
192
pH
Original
TABLE3CONTRASTOFBIOCHEMICALMETHANEPOTENTIALWITHSIMI
LARANAEROBICTESTS
COD/gL1
InternationalJournalofEnergyScience(IJES)Volume3Issue3,June2013 www.ijesci.org
EngineeringofDesignandApplication
1)TechnologicalProcess
By the implementation of the laboratory experi
mentonmethaneproductionpotentialfromsludge
hydrothermaldryingabove,theoptimalconditions
were determined, and a technical route applied to
engineering project was developed. The technolo
gicalprocessofmethaneproductionfromSDWwas
shown in Fig.5, and aerobic processing unit was
connected subsequently todischarge after reaching
thestandards.
Hydrolytic acidification & EGSB treatment tech
nology wereadopted for the anaerobic process of
thisproject.SDWfirstlypassedthroughgriddrain
inordertoremovesundries,thenenteredintocol
lectorwell.Theeffluentfromcollectorwellaswell
as partial reflux sewage from aerobic pondflowed
into the preacidification tank (or regulation tank)
to make stable water quality and quantity, where
preacidification reaction occurred.The outlet flow
fromregulationtankwaspumpedintodistribution
reservoir,andheatwasexchangedwithhotsteam,
the temperature of which then could rise to
35degree Celsius. The effluent from distribution
reservoirwaspumpedintoEGSBreactor,wherethe
organicmattersofSDWwereconvertedtomethane
with anaerobic microorganism (e.g. methanogens).
Then, the effluent passed through threephase se
parator, in which granular sludge was retained in
distribution reservoir and mingled with inflow to
pass through the EGSB reactor again. After anae
robicdigestion,outletgotintotheaerobictreatment
system subsequently. As well,the methane pro
duced from EGSB reactor could be applied to heat
recyclingafterrefining.
The Material and Energy Balance of Sludge Hydro
thermalDryingTreatmentSystem
In consideration of the unit of methane production
fromSDWasthepartialofthismodificationproject,it
was necessary to investigate the material and energy
balance inthe whole process, in order to reflect the
technicalfeasibilityandadvantagesofHydrothermal
Drying&RotaryKiln Incineration sludge treatment
method.Accordingtotheoptimalresults,theefficiency
of 10gCOD/L and 20gCOD/L sampleboth with 83.42
tonsofSDW,ifalltheloadingofCODwasdegraded,
were calculated to produce 210m3and 342m3methane,
respectively;separatelycorresponding to the heat from
110kgand239.5kgstandardcoal,whichcouldbeused
forrecycling
Conclusions
Withtheincreaseofzymoticfluidconcentration,both
unit biogas yield and methane conversion rate pre
sentedatfirstincreasedandthendecreasedtrend,and
the maximum obtained from No.3 sample has oc
curred(unitbiogasyield:449.8mL/gCODandmethane
conversionrate:74.1%).Afterbiogasproduction,No.3
sample had the maximum of unit biogas yield
(449.8mL/gCOD)andmethaneconversionrate(74.1%),
both exceeding to those of No.2 sample
(381.8mL/gCODand62.84%).
It would be1.5 times water consumption additionalto
theoriginalzymoticfluiddilutingtoNo.3thanthatto
No.2, however, in view of water consumption, opera
tion costs, and maximal methane production in engi
neering projects, the organic loading of No.2 sample
wasoptimumvalue.
Bycarryingoutthelaboratoryexperimentonmethane
productionpotentialfromsludgehydrothermaldrying,
methane production unit from SDWinengineering
processwasdesigned.Accordingtotheoptimalresults,
the efficiency of 10gCOD/L and 20gCOD/L sample
bothwith83.42tonsofSDW,ifalltheloadingofCOD
was degraded, were calculated to produce 210m3and
342m3methane, respectively;separatelycorresponding
to the heat from 110kg and 239.5kg standard coal,,
whichcouldbeusedforrecycling.
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