Study Guide for the Final Semester A

1. Describe how to use latitude and longitude.

2. Explain the different methods used to find the distance and elevation
on a contour map.
3. Complete the following chart.
Type of map
Mercator
projection map
Conic projection
map
Robinson
projection map
Gnomonic
projection map

Advantages
Directions shown
accurately

Uses
Sea navigation

Most distances, sizes and

charts are accurate
Reliably shows shortest
distance between two
points

Good representation for

world maps

4. Describe how a mineral can form.

5. Which mineral group makes up the highest percentage of Earths crust?
6. Describe ways to identify a mineral.
7. Why may some of these properties not be reliable in identifying a
mineral, like its color?
8. How do sedimentary rocks form? (Include both types)
9. How do igneous rocks form?
10. How to metamorphic rocks form?
11. What properties help to identify metamorphic rocks?
12. List and describe the main sources of renewable energy.
13. Compare metallic and nonmetallic resources and give an example of
each.
14. How does the ozone layer help us?

15. Explain what weathering is and what factors speed up this process.
16. Draw and describe a crescent, parabolic, transverse and longitudinal
sand dune.
17. What is the main erosional force in a desert and why?
18. What do we call sediment that is left behind by a glacier and give
some examples.
19. What are some of the additional dangers due to earthquake besides
ground shaking?
20. Describe how a seismograph works and what it measures?
21. In this graph, determine how far an earthquake is from the epicenter if
the difference in arrival time between P and S waves is 3 minutes.

22. Describe the hypothesis of continental drift.

23. How is this different from the theory of plate tectonics?
24. Describe the different types of plate boundaries.
25. How do heat, pressure and water play a part in the formation of
magma?

Matching
Matching Match each definition with the
correct term.
1.

_______ mineral

2.

_______ mineral reserve

3.

_______ mineral resource

4.

_______ valley glacier

5.

_______ ice sheet

6.

_______ A horizon

7.

_______ B horizon

8.

_______ C horizon

C. Deposits of minerals that can extracted

for a profit

9.

_______ compost

D. Partially decomposed organic matter

that can be used as a natural fertilizer

10. _______ contour line

A.

Subsoil that contains fine clay particles

washed out of the A horizon by water.

B.

When minerals form due to water

evaporating and leaving dissolved
substances behind.

E.

Enormous ice masses that cover large

regions (whole continents) where the
climate is extremely cold.

F.

Lines on a topographic map that all

represent the same elevation.

11. _______ renewable resource

12. _______ precipitation
G. Ice masses that slowly advance down a
valley where a stream once was.
13. _______ silicate
14. _______ density
15. _______ foliation

H. Resources that can be replenished over

relatively short periods of time, like
trees for paper.

I.

Naturally occurring, inorganic solid with

an set crystalline structure and a
definite chemical composition.

J.

Layered or banded appearance found

in metamorphic rocks due to the
recrystallization of minerals to under
pressure.

K.

Layer of soil containing partially

weathered parent material.

L.

Deposits of useful minerals that can be

extracted - total amount of material
present

M. Property of all matter defined by the

ratio of an objects mass to its volume.
N. Topsoil. Consists mostly of organic
matter like loose leaves and partly
decomposed plant material.
O. Most common mineral group which is
made from silicon and oxygen.