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JeanLonGrme
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

JeanLonGrme(11May182410January
1904)wasaFrenchpainterandsculptorinthestyle
nowknownasAcademicism.Therangeofhisoeuvre
includedhistoricalpainting,Greekmythology,
Orientalism,portraits,andothersubjects,bringingthe
Academicpaintingtraditiontoanartisticclimax.He
isconsideredoneofthemostimportantpaintersfrom
thisacademicperiod,andinadditiontobeinga
painter,hewasalsoateacherwithalonglistof
students.

JeanLonGrme

Contents
1 Biography
1.1 Earlylife
1.2 Importantcommissions
1.3 Orientalism
1.4 Honours
1.5 Death
2 Sculpture
3 Gallery
4 Seealso
5 Referencesandsources
6 Externallinks

Biography

PhotobyNadar
Born

10May1824
Vesoul,HauteSane,France

Died

10January1904(aged79)
Paris,France

Nationality

French

Education

PaulDelaroche,CharlesGleyre

Knownfor

Painting,Sculpture

Movement

Orientalism

Earlylife
JeanLonGrmewasbornatVesoul,HauteSane.Hewentto
Parisin1840wherehestudiedunderPaulDelaroche,whomhe
accompaniedtoItaly(184344).HevisitedFlorence,Rome,the
VaticanandPompeii,buthewasmoreattractedtotheworldof
nature.Takenbyafever,hewasforcedtoreturntoParisin1844.
Onhisreturn,hefollowed,likemanyotherstudentsof
Delaroche,intotheatelierofCharlesGleyreandstudiedtherefor
abrieftime.HethenattendedtheEcoledesBeauxArts.In1846
hetriedtoentertheprestigiousPrixdeRome,butfailedinthe
finalstagebecausehisfiguredrawingwasinadequate.

JeanLonGrme.

HetriedtoimprovehisskillsbypaintingTheCockfight(1846),anacademicexercisedepictinganude
youngmanandalightlydrapedyoungwomanwithtwofightingcocksandinthebackgroundtheBayof
Naples.HesentthispaintingtotheSalonof1847,whereitgainedhimathirdclassmedal.Thiswork
wasseenastheepitomeoftheNeoGrecmovementthathadformedoutofGleyre'sstudio(suchas
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HenriPierrePicou(18241895)andJeanLouisHamon),and
waschampionedbytheinfluentialFrenchcriticThophile
Gautier.
GrmeabandonedhisdreamofwinningthePrixdeRomeand
tookadvantageofhissuddensuccess.HispaintingsTheVirgin,
theInfantJesusandStJohn(privatecollection)andAnacreon,
BacchusandCupid(MusedesAugustins,Toulouse,France)
tookasecondclassmedalin1848.In1849,heproducedthe
paintingsMichelangelo(alsocalledInhisstudio)(nowinprivate
collection)andAportraitofaLady(MuseIngres,Montauban).
In1851,hedecoratedavase,laterofferedbyEmperorNapoleon
IIIofFrancetoPrinceAlbert,nowpartoftheRoyalCollection
atSt.James'sPalace,London.HeexhibitedBacchusandLove,
Drunk,aGreekInteriorandSouvenird'Italie,in1851Paestum
(1852)andAnIdyll(1853).

PolliceVerso(1872),which
popularizedthe"thumbsdown"
gesture.Oiloncanvas,PhoenixArt
Museum.

Importantcommissions
In1852,GrmereceivedacommissionbyAlfredEmilien
ComtedeNieuwerkerke,SurintendantdesBeauxArtstothe
courtofNapoleonIII,forthepaintingofalargehistorical
canvas,theAgeofAugustus.Inthiscanvashecombinesthebirth
ofChristwithconquerednationspayinghomagetoAugustus.
Thankstoaconsiderabledownpayment,hewasabletotravelin
1853toConstantinople,togetherwiththeactorEdmondGot.
ThiswouldbethefirstofseveraltravelstotheEast:in1854he
madeanotherjourneytoGreeceandTurkey[2]andtheshoresof
theDanube,wherehewaspresentataconcertofRussian
conscripts,makingmusicunderthethreatofalash.

TruthRisingfromherwell,1896

In1853,GrmemovedtotheBoteTh,agroupofstudiosin
theRueNotreDamedesChamps,Paris.Thiswouldbecomea
meetingplaceforotherartists,writersandactors.GeorgeSand
entertainedinthesmalltheatreofthestudiothegreatartistsof
hertimesuchasthecomposersHectorBerlioz,JohannesBrahms
andGioachinoRossiniandthenovelistsThophileGautierand
IvanTurgenev.
In1854,hecompletedanotherimportantcommissionof
decoratingtheChapelofSt.JeromeinthechurchofSt.Sverin
inParis.HisLastcommunionofSt.Jeromeinthischapelreflects
theinfluenceoftheschoolofIngresonhisreligiousworks.

BirthplaceofJeanLonGrmein
Vesoul(France).

Totheexhibitionof1855hecontributedaPifferaro,aShepherd,ARussianConcert,andTheAgeof
Augustus,theBirthofChrist.Thelastwassomewhatconfusedineffect,butinrecognitionofits
consummaterenderingtheStatepurchasedit.Howeverthemodestpainting,ARussianConcert(also
calledRecreationintheCamp)wasmoreappreciatedthanhishugecanvases.

Orientalism
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In1856,hevisitedEgyptforthefirsttime.Thiswouldheraldthe
startofmanyorientalistpaintingsdepictingArabreligion,genre
scenesandNorthAfricanlandscapes.
Grme'sreputationwasgreatlyenhancedattheSalonof1857
byacollectionofworksofamorepopularkind:theDuel:after
theMaskedBall(MuseCond,Chantilly),EgyptianRecruits
crossingtheDesert,MemnonandSesostrisandCamels
Watering,thedrawingofwhichwascriticizedbyEdmond
About.
In1858,hehelpedtodecoratetheParishouseofPrince
NapolonJosephCharlesPaulBonaparteinthePompeianstyle.
TheprincehadboughthisGreekInterior(1850),adepictionofa
brothelalsointhePompeianmanner.
InCaesar(1859)Grmetriedtoreturntoamoresevereclassof
work,thepaintingofClassicalsubjects,butthepicturefailedto
interestthepublic.PhrynebeforetheAreopagus,King
CandaulesandSocratesfindingAlcibiadesintheHouseof
Aspasia(1861)gaverisetosomescandalbyreasonofthe
subjectsselectedbythepainter,andbroughtdownonhimthe
bitterattacksofPauldeSaintVictorandMaximeDuCamp.At
thesameSalonheexhibitedtheEgyptianChoppingStraw,and
RembrandtBitinganEtching,twoveryminutelyfinishedworks.

TheDuelAftertheMasquerade(ca.
185759)depictsaduelaftera
costumeballinBoisdeBoulogne,
Paris. [1]TheWaltersArtMuseum.

TheCockfight(1846)nowinthe
Mused'Orsay,Paris

HemarriedMarieGoupil(18421912),thedaughterofthe
internationalartdealerAdolpheGoupil.Theyhadfourdaughters
andoneson.UponhismarriagehemovedtoahouseintheRue
deBruxelles,closetothemusichallFoliesBergre.He
expandeditintoagrandhousewithstableswithasculpture
studiobelowandapaintingstudioonthetopfloor.
HestartedanindependentatelierathishouseintheRuede
Bruxellesbetween1860and1862.

Honours

TheTulipFolly(1882)represents
"tulipomania"intheNetherlands.
Soldierswereorderedtotramplethe
flowerbedsinanefforttostabilizethe

Grmewaselected,onhisfifthattempt,amemberofthe
InstitutdeFrancein1865.AlreadyaknightintheLgion
market. [3]TheWaltersArtMuseum.
d'honneur,hewaspromotedtoanofficerin1867.In1869,he
waselectedanhonorarymemberoftheBritishRoyalAcademy.
TheKingofPrussiaWilhelmIawardedhimtheGrandOrderoftheRedEagle,ThirdClass.Hisfame
hadbecomesuchthathewasinvited,alongwiththemosteminentFrenchartists,totheopeningofthe
SuezCanalin1869.
HewasappointedasoneofthethreeprofessorsattheEcoledesBeauxArts.Hestartedwithsixteen
students,mostwhohadcomeoverfromhisownstudio.Hisinfluencebecameextensiveandhewasa
regularguestofEmpressEugnieattheImperialCourtinCompigne.

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ThethemeofhisDeathofCaesar(1867)wasrepeatedinhishistoricalcanvasDeathofMarshallNey,
thatwasexhibitedattheSalonof1867,despiteofficialpressuretowithdrawitasitraisedpainful
memories.
GrmereturnedsuccessfullytotheSalonin1873withhispaintingL'EminenceGrise(MuseumofFine
Arts,Boston),acolorfuldepictionofthemainstairhallofthepalaceofCardinalRichelieu,popularly
knownastheRedCardinal(L'EminenceRouge),whowasFrance'sdefactorulerunderKingLouisXIII
beginningin1624.Inthepainting,FranoisLeClercduTrembly,aCapuchinfriardubbedL'Eminence
Grise(theGrayCardinal),descendstheceremonialstaircaseimmersedintheBiblewhilesubjectseither
bowbeforehimorfixtheirgazeonhim.AsRichelieu'schiefadviser,L'EminenceGrisewascalled"the
powerbehindthethrone,"whichbecametheknowndefinitionofhistitle.[4]
Whenhestartedtoprotestandshowapublichostilityto"decadentfashion"ofImpressionism,his
influencestartedtowaneandhebecameunfashionable.ButaftertheexhibitionofManetintheEcolein
1884,heeventuallyadmittedthat"itwasnotsobadasIthought."
In1896GrmepaintedTruthRisingfromherWell,anattempttodescribethetransparencyofan
illusion.Hethereforewelcomedtheriseofphotographyasanalternativetohisphotographicpainting.In
1902,hesaid"Thankstophotography,Truthhasatlastleftherwell."

Death
JeanLonGrmediedinhisatelieron10January1904.Hewasfoundinfrontofaportraitof
Rembrandtandclosetohisownpainting"TheTruth".Athisownrequest,hewasgivenasimpleburial
servicewithoutflowers.ButtheRequiemMassgiveninhismemorywasattendedbyaformerpresident
oftheRepublic,mostprominentpoliticians,andmanypaintersandwriters.Hewasburiedinthe
MontmartreCemeteryinfrontofthestatueSorrowthathehadcastforhissonJeanwhohaddiedin
1891.
HewasthefatherinlawofthepainterAimMorot.

Sculpture
Grmewasalsosuccessfulasasculptor.Hisfirstworkwasalargebronzestatueofagladiatorholding
hisfootonhisvictim,showntothepublicattheExpositionUniverselleof1878.Thisbronzewasbased
onthemainthemeofhispaintingPolliceverso(1872).Thesameyearheexhibitedamarblestatueat
theSalonof1878,basedonhisearlypaintingAnacreon,BacchusandCupid(1848).
Awareofcontemporaryexperimentsoftintingmarble(suchasbyJohnGibson)heproducedDancer
withThreeMasks(MusedesBeauxArts,Caen),combiningmovementwithcolour(exhibitedin
1902).HistintedgroupPygmalionandGalateaprovidedhisinspirationforseveralpaintingsinwhich
hedepictedhimselfasthesculptorwhocouldturnmarbleintoflesh,examplesofwhich(c.1890)arein
theMetropolitanMuseumofArt,NewYork,andtheSmartMuseum,Chicago.
AmonghisotherworksareOmphale(1887),andthestatueoftheducd'Aumalewhichstandsinfrontof
thechteauofChantilly(1899).
Hestartedexperimentingwithmixedingredients,usingforhisstatuestintedmarble,bronzeandivory,
inlaidwithpreciousstonesandpaste.HisDancerwasexhibitedin1891.HislifesizestatueBellona
(1892),inivory,bronze,andgemstones,attractedgreatattentionattheexhibitionintheRoyalAcademy
ofLondon.
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TheartistthenbeganaseriesofConquerors,wroughtingold,
silverandgems:BonaparteenteringCairo(1897)Tamerlane
(1898)andFredericktheGreat(1899).

Gallery
AmongGrme'snotablepaintingsmaybenamed(manydepict
Easternsubjects):
TurkishPrisoner(1861)
TurkishButcherBoyinJerusalem(1862)
LouisXIVandMolire(1863)
NapoleoninEgypt,ca.1863
TheReceptionoftheSiameseAmbassadorsat
Fontainebleau(1865)
Prayer(1865)
TheSlaveMarket(c.1866)
Jerusalem,alsocalledGolgotha,ConsumatumEstorThe
Crucifixion(1867)
TheDeathofMarshalNey(1868)
ExcursionoftheHarem(1869)
L'EminenceGrise(1873)[5]
Arnautandhisdog
TheSnakeCharmer(1880)

Tanagra,1890

TheDeathofCaesar(1867),(Walters
ArtMuseum),depictsthe
assassinationintheTheatreof
PompeyontheIdesofMarch.

PhrynebeforetheAreopagus,1861

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NapoleoninEgypt,ca.1863,
PrincetonUniversityArtMuseum

SummerAfternoononaLake,ca.
1895

Diogenes(1860),WaltersArt
Museum

ReceptionofLeGrandCondat
Versailles(1878)

OntheDesert.TheWaltersArt
Museum

Harembaths

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HeadsoftheRebelBeysatthe
MosqueofElHasanein,Cairo,
1866

ArnautBlowingSmokeinHisDog's
Nose

"YoungGreeksattheMosque"
(JeanLonGrme,oiloncanvas,
1865)thisoilpaintingportrays
GreekMuslimrecruitsintothe
OttomanJanissarycorpsatprayer
inamosque.

ArnautSmoking,1865

Seealso
ListofpupilsofJeanLonGrme
CleopatraandCaesar
TheDuelAftertheMasqueradeintheWaltersArtMuseum

Referencesandsources
References
1."TheDuelAftertheMasquerade".TheWaltersArtMuseum.
2.Rosenthal,DonaldA.1982.Orientalism,theNearEastinFrenchpainting,18001880.Rochester,N.Y.:
MemorialArtGalleryoftheUniversityofRochester.p.77.ISBN0918098149
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3."TheTulipFolly".TheWaltersArtMuseum.
4.MuseumofFineArts,Boston:L'(http://www.mfa.org/collections/object/leminencegrise31214)Eminence
Grise
5."MuseumofFineArts,Boston:''L'EminenceGrise''".Mfa.org.RetrievedFebruary2014.

Sources
Ackerman,Gerald(1986).ThelifeandworkofJeanLonGrmecatalogueraisonn.Sotheby's
Publications.ISBN0856673110.
Ackerman,Gerald(2000).JeanLonGrme.Monographiervise,catalogieraisonnmisa
jour.ACR.ISBN2867701376.
BenezitE.DictionnairedesPeintres,Sculpteurs,DessinateursetGraveursLibrairieGrnd,
Paris,1976ISBN2700001567(inFrench)
LaurencedesCars,DominquedeFontRlauxanddouardPapet(ed.),TheSpectacularArtof
JeanLonGrme,(18241904),Paris:SKIRA,2010
ScottC.AllanandMaryMorton(ed.),ReconsideringGrme,LosAngeles:J.PaulGetty
Museum,2010,in:ArtBulletin94(2012),No.2,pp.312316
Turner,J.GroveDictionaryofArtOxfordUniversityPress,USAnewedition(January2,
1996)ISBN0195170687
CatalogueoftheexhibitionintheMusedeVsoul(August1981).JeanLonGrme:peintre,
sculpteuretgraveursesoeuvresconservesdanslescollectionsfranaisesetprives.Villede
Vsoul.
Thisarticleincorporatestextfromapublicationnowinthepublicdomain:Chisholm,Hugh,ed.
(1911)."Grme,JeanLon".EncyclopdiaBritannica(11thed.).CambridgeUniversityPress.

Externallinks
Listofstudentswithexamplesofwork,biography,letters,
WikimediaCommonshas
Geromeimagegallery(http://www.artrenewal.org/pages/ar
mediarelatedtoJeanLon
tist.php?artistid=9)
Grme.
Artencyclopedia.compageonGrme(http://www.artcycl
opedia.com/artists/gerome_jeanleon.html)
www.jeanleongerome.org(http://www.jeanleongerome.org)near300imagesbytheartist
"Grme,JeanLon".NewInternationalEncyclopedia.1906.
"Grme,JeanLon".TheAmericanCyclopdia.1879.
JeanLonGrme(http://frenchsculpture.org/en/artist/geromejeanleon)inAmericanpublic
collectionsontheFrenchSculptureCensuswebsite
Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=JeanLon_Grme&oldid=712588004"
Categories: JeanLonGrme 1824births 1904deaths PeoplefromVesoul
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20thcenturyFrenchsculptors 19thcenturyFrenchsculptors
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