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Atthetimeofindependencethecountryhadapopulationofabout400millionandfacedseverefoodcrisis.Atthattime
theirrigationpotentialofthecountrywasonlyabout20Mha.Afterindependencemassiveprogrammeofirrigationwas
launchedfordevelopmentandutilizationofbothsurfaceandgroundwaterresources.Thisresultedingreenrevolution,
which helped to transform the country from the state of food scarcity to food selfsufficiency. Due to these massive
efforts, by the year 1979 the irrigation potential of the country could increase to 57 Mha with the use of high yielding
varieties possible under irrigation and with increased use of fertilizers. The food production of the country could be
increasedtoabout125to130milliontonesbythesametime.However,rateofincreaseinfoodproductioncouldjust
managedtoequaltherateofpopulationgrowth.
Thewaterismaininputtotheagricultureandalsoanimportantelementforthelifeofhumankind,itsoptimalutilization
is necessary. With a view to harness the water resources of the country optimally, Dr. K.L. Rao, the then irrigation
Minister,intheyear1972hadmootedtheideaofinterlinkingofriversbyconnectingtheGangawiththeCauveryriver.
Subsequently, in 1977 Capt. Dastur initiated the concept of a Garland Canal around the Himalayan, Central and
Peninsular India. The proposals although received very good response from all sectors of communities, but not found
technoeconomicalfeasibleforimplementation.

The continued interest shown by many people engaged in Water Resources Development gave further impetus to study
inter basin water transfer proposals in more details. The then Ministry of Irrigation (now Ministry of Water Resources)
andCentralWaterCommissionformulatedaNationalPerspectivePlan(NPP)forWaterResourcesDevelopmentin1980,
envisaging interbasin transfer of water from surplus basins to deficit ones with a view to minimize the regional
imbalancesandoptimallyutilizetheavailablewaterresources.

National Perspective Plan comprises of two components viz. Himalayan Rivers Development and Peninsular Rivers
Development.

HimalayanRiversDevelopment:

HimalayanRiversDevelopmentComponent envisagesconstructionofstoragereservoirsontheprincipaltributariesofGanga
and Brahmaputra rivers in India, Nepal and Bhutan along with interlinking of river systems to transfer surplus flows of
theeasterntributariesoftheriverGangatothewest,apartfromlinkingofthemainBrahmaputraanditstributarieswith
GangaandGangawiththeriverMahanadi.

PeninsularRiversDevelopment:

PeninsularRiversDevelopmentComponentisdividedintofourmajorpartsviz.

1. Interlinking of MahanadiGodavariKrishnaCauvery rivers and building storages at potential

sitesinthesebasins.

This part involves interlinking of the major river systems where surpluses from the Mahanadi and the Godavari
areintendedtobetransferredtotheneedyareasinthesouth,throughKrishnaandCauveryrivers.

2.Interlinkingofwestflowingrivers,northofBombayandsouth
ofTapi.

This scheme envisages construction of as many optimal storages as possible on these streams and interlinking
them to make available appreciable quantum of water for transfer to areas where additional water is needed.
The scheme provides for taking water supply canal to the metropolitan areas of Mumbai it also provides
irrigationinthecoastalareasinMaharashtra

3.InterlinkingofKenChambal

The scheme provides for a water grid for Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Uttar Pradeshand interlinking canal
backedbyasmanystoragesaspossible.

4.Diversionofotherwestflowingrivers

ThehighrainfallonthewesternsideoftheWesternGhatsrunsdownintonumerousstreamswhichdischargeinto
the Arabian Sea. The construction of an interlinking canal system backed up by adequate storages could be
planned to meet all requirements of Kerala as also for transfer of some waters towards east to meet the needs
ofdroughtaffectedareas.

IntheproposalsofNPP,thetransferofwaterhasbeenproposedmostlybygravity,liftswerekeptminimalandconfined
to around 120 m and only surplus flood water after meeting all inbasin requirement in foreseeable future has been
plannedfortransfertowaterdeficitareas.
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