CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 1 -

y ban
CISPR 11
k thut in

Xut bn ln

th hai

quc t
1990-09

U ban quc t c bit v nhiu sng v tuyn

Cc gii hn v phng
php o lng cc c
tnh ca nhiu sng v
tuyn do cc thit b
cng nghip, khoa hc
v
y t(ISM) pht ra

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

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Ni dung
1. Phm vi p dng v i tng..................................................5
2. Cc nh ngha...................................................................5
3. Cc tn s c quy nh cho cc ISM x dng.....................6
4. Phn loi cc thit b ISM.....................................................6
4.1 Phn chia thnh cc nhm..............................................6
4.2 Phn chia thnh cc loi :................................................7
5. Cc tr s gii hn ca nhiu in t....................................7
5.1 Tr s gii hn ca in p nhiu cc u cc.............7
5.2 Cc gii hn ca bc x nhiu in t..............................9
5.3 Bin php bo v cc cng tc c bit v an ton. . .11
6. Vic nh gi tnh ph hp ca thit b..............................11
6.1. Thit b sn xut hng lot :........................................11
6.2. Cc thit b sn xut ring l........................................11
7. Nhng yu cu tng qut i vi o lng.........................12
7.1. Ting n mi trng.......................................................12
7.2 Thit b o lng............................................................13
7.3 o lng tn s.................................................................14
7.4 nh hnh cc thit b chu th nghim......................15
7-5. Nhng iu kin mang ti ca thit b chu th nghim. 17
8. B tr c bit i vi o lng ti v tr th nghim (9 KHz n 1
GHz).........................................................................................19
8.1 Ni th nghim bc x i vi thit b trong di tn s 9kHz
n 1GHz............................................................................19
8.2 o in p nhiu trn u cc.....................................20
9. o bc x gia 1 GHZ v 18 GHz.........................................21
9.1 B tr thit b th nghim............................................21

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 3 9.2 ng ten thu :...................................................................21
9.3 Ph chun v kim nh v tr th nghim.................21
9.4 Cc bin php o lng...................................................22
10. o lng ti v tr x dng (in Situ).....................................22
11. Cc bin php an ton......................................................22
Cc hnh v
Cc ph lc A,B,C,D

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 4 -

y ban k thut in quc t

y ban Quc t c bit v nhiu Radio
__________

Cc gii hn v cc phng php o lng cc c tnh

nhiu in t ca cc thit b cng nghip, khoa hc
v y t (ISM) tn s v tuyn in
Li ni u
1) Cc quyt nh hoc cc tha thun ca CISPR v cc vn k thut,
c son tho bi cc Tiu ban trong c i din ca cc y ban Quc gia v cc
t chc thnh vin khc ca CISPR ang c quan tm c bit n vn ny,
th hin s nht tr quc t cao v cc ch c cp.
2) Cc quyt inh hoc tha thun ny l nhng khuyn ngh x dng
quc t v c cc y ban Quc gia v cc t chc thnh vin khc ca CISPR
chp nhn theo ngha
3) xc tin s thng nht quc t, CISPR by t mong mun tt c cc y
ban Quc gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca CISPR nh l cc quy nh Quc gia
ca mnh trong chng mc cc iu kin Quc gia cho php. Bt k s khc bit
no gia khuyn ngh ca CISPR v quy nh quc gia ng ng, cn c nu r
trong chng mc cho php trong cc quy nh ny.

Li Ta
Bn ti liu ny c son tho bi Tiu ban B ca CISPR ; Nhiu
do cc thit b cng ngh, khoa hc v yt tn s v tuyn in
gy nn.
Ln xut bn th hai ny thay th cho ln xut bn th nht in
nm 1975, cho bn sa i No1 (1976) v cho bn CISPR 11A ( 1976)
Nguyn bn ca ti liu CISPR ny da trn cc ti liu sau :
Lut Su thng
CISPR/B (CO) 23

Bo co biu quyt
CISPR/B (CO) 25
CI SPR /B (CO) 25A

Cc bo co biu quyt ghi bng trn cho bit tt c thng

tin v biu quyt chun y bn ti liu ny.
Ni dung chnh ca bn xut bn ny da trn bn khuyn
ngh No39/2 ca CISPR nh sau :
Bn khuyn ngh ca CISPR s 39/2
Cc gii hn v cc phng php o lng cc c tnh nhiu
in t ca cc thit b cng nghip, khoa hc v y t (CKY)
tn s v tuyn in
CISPR xt rng :

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 5 a) Cc thit b CKY tn s v tuyn in l mt ngun nhiu
quan trng
b) Cc phng php o lng cc nhiu ny c CISPR son
tho ra
c) Cc tn s no c quy nh bi Lin hip Quc t Vin
thng (ITU) i vi bc x khng hn ch c gy ra bi thit b CKY.
ngh
Ln xut bn cui cng ca CISPR, k c cc bn sa i, c
x dng p dng cc gii hn v cc phng php o lng ca thit
b ISM (*)

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 6 -

Cc n phm sau y c tnh vo trong bn tiu chun ny :

Ti liu CISPR :
n phm No15 (1985) : Gii hn v phng php o tnh cht
nhiu v
tuyn in ca hunh
quang
16 (1987)
: Quy nh ca CISPR v cc dng c v
phng php o nhim v tuyn in
19 (1983)
20 (1990)

: Hng dn x dng phng php thay th

o s bc x pht ra
t cc l vi
sng tn s 1 GHz
:Gii hn v phng php o c tnh
chng nhim ca my thu v tuyn
in v my thu hnh v thit b lin
quan

Ti liu ca IEC :
n phm No50 (561) (1990) : T vng Quc t (IEV) Chng
161 : Tng hp
in t
o
N 83 (1975)
cm v phch cm dng trong gia
nh v dng cho mc ch tng t Cc tiu chun
No150 (1963)
Th nghim v kim nh thit b
iu tr bng siu
m
801
; Tnh tng hp in t vi thit b iu
khin v o
lng qu trnh cng nghip

__________
-----------------------(*) Thit b ISM ; Thit b cng nghip, khoa hc, yt (ISM )
sau ny dng tt l thit b ISM ( Industrial, Science, Medical)

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

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Cc gii hn v cc phng php o lng c tnh

nhiu iu t ca thit b cng nghip, khoa hc v y t
tn s v tuyn in (ISM)

1. Phm vi p dng v i tng

1.1 Cc gii hn v cc phng php o lng phn nh trong ti liu
ny c p dng vo cc thit b cng nghip, khoa hc v y t
(ISM) nh quy dnh mc 2, v vo cc thit bct gt bng tia
la in
1.2 Vic nh gi tnh ph hp ca thit b c th nghim ti v tr
th nghim phi ph hp vi cc iu quy nh trong mc 6. i vi
thit b sn xut hng lot, phi t ti mc tin cy l 80% sao
cho t nht l 80% sn phm phi ph hp vi cc gii hn quy nh.
Bin php nh gi theo thng k c quy nh tiu mc 6.3. i
vi vic sn xut vi s lng t, vic nh gi theo thng k c th
khng bao gi cng l kinh t. Trong trng hp ny, c th p dng
vic nh gi theo tiu mc 6.3. Nhng kt qu o lng thu c
i vi mt thit b c o ti ni x dng ca n m khng phi
ti ni th nghim ch lin quan ti ni lp t khc v khng
th coi nh i din cho cc ni lp t khc v cng khng c
dng nh gi theo thng k.
Ghi ch : Cc gii hn c xc nh trn c s xc sut c tnh
n cc ri ro ca nhiu lon. Trong trng hp c nhiu, cn thit phi c
bin php b sung.

1.3 Cc bin php c quy nh o nhiu in - v tuyn in

v gi tr gii hn ca chng nm trong di tn s 9kHz n 400
GHz.
1.4 Nhng yu cu i vi cc thit b chiu sng c quy nh trong
CISPR 15
2. Cc nh ngha
2.1 ISM l thit b hay mt trang b dng sn xut v x dng,
trong mt khng gian nh, nng lng in - v tuyn in p
dng trong cng nghip, khoa hc, y t, trong gia nh hay tng
t, ngoi tr vic p dng trong lnh vc vin thng v k thut tin
hc v cc p dng khc c trnh by trong cc ti liu khc ca
CISPR
2.2 Trong khun kh ti liu ny, cc nh ngha trong IEC 50(161)
c p dng
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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

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2.3 Bc x in t : Trong khun kh ti liu ny, nh ngha m

rng trong IEC 50(161) bao gm cc hin tng cm ng v hin tng trng k cn c p dng
2.4. Bin ca thit b c th nghim c xc nh bi mt chu vi tng tng ca cc ng thng vch ra mt hnh dng hnh hc
n gin bao quanh thit b c th nghim. Tt c cac dy ni
u phi nm trong chu vi ny

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 9 -

3. Cc tn s c quy nh cho cc ISM x dng

Lin hip Quc t Vin thng (ITU) quy nh mt tn s nh l tn
s c bn dng cho cc thit b ISM. Cc tn s ny c ghi bng
1
Ghi ch : Trong mt s nc, cc tn s khc hay ph c th c quy nh
dng cho cc thit b ISM

Bng 1
Cc tn s c ITU quy nh l tn s c nm ca ISM (1)
Tn s
chnh
MHz
6,780
13,560
27,120
40,680
433,92
0
915,00
0
2450
5800
24125
61250
122500
245000

Di tn s
MHz
6,765 - 7,795
13,553
13,567
26,957
27,283
40,66 - 40,70
433,05
434,79
902 - 928
2400 - 2500
5725 - 5875
24000 - 24250
61000 - 61500
122000
123000
244000
246000

Gii hn bc x
ti a (3)
ang nghin
cu
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
ang nghin
cu
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
Khng hn
ch
ang nghin
cu
ang nghin
cu
ang nghin
cu

S ghi ch ca bng tr
tn theo bn iu lut
Radio ca UTU
524 (2)
534
546
548
661 (2), 662 ch n v
khu vc
707 (ch v khu vc 2)
752
806
881
911 (2)
916 (2)
922 (2)

1) Kt lun No63 ca Bn iu lut ca ITU s c p dng

2) Vic x dng cc di tn s ny t ra cho chnh quyn hin hnh giy
php c bit trong vic tha thun vi cc chnh quyn khc m cc
dch v v thng tin v tuyn c th c x dng.
3) T "Khng hn ch" c p dng cho cc tn s c bn v tt c cc
thnh phn khc ca tn s nm trong di tn s quy nh. Cc o l ng c bit cho php m bo tnh tng hp c th l cn thit khi
m cc thit b khc tha mn cc yu cu v d chng nhiu (th d cc
yu cyu ca CISPR 20, hay ca IEC 801) v chng c t st vi thit
b ISM

4. Phn loi cc thit b ISM

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 10 Cc thit b ISM phi c mang k hiu bi nh sn xut, trong
loi v nhm thit b
Ghi ch : Xem ph lc A i vi cc th d v phn loi thit b ISM

4.1 Phn chia thnh cc nhm

Thit b ISM thuc nhm 1 : Nhm 1 bao gm tt c thit b
ISM trong nng lng vi tn s v tuyn in c ni bi s truyn
dn s to ra hay tiu th v n cn thit cho s hot ng trong mi
b thit b
Thit b ISM thuc nhm 2 : Nhm 2 bao gm tt c thit b
ISM trong nng lng vi tn s v tuyn in s c to ra hay tiu
thu di dng bc x in t dng x l vt liu cng nh l cc thit
b ct gt bng tia la in.
4.2 Phn chia thnh cc loi :
Cc thit b loi A : l cc thit b c dng trong cc x nghip
khng phi l cc h sinh hot v cng khng l ni ni trc tip vo li in phn phi h p m li in ny cung cp in cho cc cao c
dng trong sinh hot.
Ghi ch 1 : Vic s dng thit b m khng ph hp vi gii hn ca loi A v
khng gy nn s suy gim khng chp nhn c ca cac dch v
thng tin v tuyn in, vic s dng ny c th c php ring
chnh quyn quc gia hu hiu.
2: Mc d cc gii hn ca loi A c quy nh cho cc x nghip
v cc c s thng mi ,chnh quyn c th cho php ,vi nhng
o lng b xung cn thit ,vic lp t v x dng cc thit b
ISM thuc loi A trong cc h sinh hot hay trong mt x nghip ni
trc tip vo li in phn phi phc v sinh hot.

Cc thit b loi B l nhng thit b dng trong cc h gia

nh v trong cc x nghip ni trc tip vo li in phn phi h
p cung cp cho cc cao c phc v sinh hot.
Cc thit b loi B phi tn trng cc gii hn ca loi B.
5. Cc tr s gii hn ca nhiu in t
Cc thit b ISM loi A c th c o lng hoc ti ni th
nghim, hoc ti ni x dng (in situ), ty theo thch ca nh ch
to.
Ghi ch : Ty theo kch thc ca thit b, tnh phc tp hay cc iu kin
vn hnh, m mt s thit b ISM cn thit phi o lng ti ni x dng chng
t ph hp vi cc gii hn ca nhiu pht x c quy nh trong bn tiu chun ny.

Cc thit b ISM loi B phi c o lng ti ni th nghim

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 11 -

Cc gii hn cn ang nghin cu cho :

- My hn h quang kch thch bng tn s v tuyn in
- Thit b X quang
- Thit b phu thut thu nhit bng tn s v tuyn in
Tt c cc tr s gii hn ghi trong bng II v VI c p dng cho
tt c nhiu in t tt c mi tn s khng min tr theo bng I
5.1 Tr s gii hn ca in p nhiu cc u cc
Thit b chu th nghim phi tha mn ;
i) Hoc c gii hn c quy nh cho cc o lng vi my thu
tch sng trung bnh v c gii hn st nh c quy nh cho cc
o lng vi my tch sng st nh (xem 7-2)
ii) Hoc gii hn trung bnh khi x dng my thu tch sng st
nh (xem 7.2)
Nhng gii hn ca in p nhiu vi cc ng dy truyn ti
tn hiu th cn ang nghin cu.
5.1.1 Bng tn s 9 kHz n 150 kHz
Nhng gii hn v in p nhiu u cc li in tiu th
trong bng tn s gia 9 kHz n 150 kHz th cn ang nghin cu

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 12 5.1.2 Bng tn s gia 150 kHz n 30 MHz
Cc bng IIA v IIB cho bit cc gii hn v in p nhiu
u cc cc ca li tiu th, trong bng tn s gia 150 kHz n 30
MHz, i vi cc thit b c o ti v tr th nghim v x dng li
50 /50 H ca CISPR. Nhng tr s ny khng c p dng vo cc
bng tn s ghi bng I cc gii hn in p nhiu u cc li
tiu th cn ang nghin cu.
Tnh cn thit ca gii hn in p nhiu u cc li tiu th
i vi cc thit b loi A c o lng ti ni x dng th cn ang
nghin cu.
Bng IIA
Gii hn in p nhiu trn cc u cc i vi cc thit b loi A c
o ti v tr th nghim
Cc gii hn i vi thit b loi A dB (V)
Bng tn
s
MHz

Nhm 1
St nh

Nhm 2

Trung
bnh

St nh

(*)

Trung bnh

0,150,50

79

66

100

90

0,50 - 5

73

60

86

76

5 - 30

73

60

90

80

Gim vi lgart ca
tn s n 70

Gim vi lgart ca
tn s n 60

(*) Cc gii hn in p nhiu u cc ca li in i vi cc thit b

nhm 2 m di hi dng in ln hn 100 A th cn ang nghin cu.
Ghi ch : Cng cn c cc ch cn thit p ng c cc yu cu ca
dng du r

Bng IIB
Cc gii hn in p nhiu tn s cc li i vi cc thit b
loi B o ti v tr th nghim
Cc gii hn i vi thit b loi B dB (s)
Bng tn s

Nhm 1 v 2

MHz
st nh

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Tr s trung

CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

0,15 - 0,50

0,5 - 5
5 - 30

- 13 -

66
Gim vi lgart
ca tn s cho
ti
56
56
60

bnh
56
Gim ti lgart
ca tn s cho
ti
46
46
50

Ghi ch : Cng cn c cc ch cn thit p ng c cc yu cu ca

dng in r.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 14 5.1.3 Bng tn s trn 30 MHz
Ngi ta khng quy nh cc gii hn v in p nhiu u
cc khi trn 30 MHz
5.2 Cc gii hn ca bc x nhiu in t
Cc thit b o lng v phng php o lng c quy nh
mc 7, 8 v 9. Cc thit b chu th nghim phi tn trng cc gii hn
khi ngi ta x dng dng c o lng c b tch sng st nh.
Di 30 MHz cc gii hn ph hp vi thnh phn t ca bc x nhiu
in t. Gia 30 MHz v 1 GHz cc gii hn ph hp vi thnh phn in
ca bc x nhiu in t. Trn 1 GH z, cc gii hn ph hp vi cng sut
ca bc x nhiu in t.
5.2.1 Bng tn s gia 9 KHz v 150 KHz.
Cc gii hn i vi s bc x nhi in t trong bng tn s
gia 9 KHz v 150 KHz th cn ang nghin cu
5.2.2 Bng tn s gia 150 khz v 1GHz
Tr nhng bng tn s quy nh ghi trong bng I, cc tr s
ca s bc x nhiu in t trong bng tn s gia 150 KHz v 1 GHz
i vi cc thit b thuc nhm 1, loi A v B c quy nh bng III,
i vi thit b thuc nhm 2, loi B bng IV v i vi thit b
thuc nhm 2, loi A trong bng V. Cc bin php c bit bo v
lm vic an ton c ghi trong 5-3 v trong bng VI.

Bng III
Cc gii hn ca s bc x nhiu in t i vi thit b nhm 1
Bng tn

o lng ti v tr th nghim

o lng ti ni x dng

s
MHz

Nhm 1 - Loi A

Nhm 1-Loi B

Nhm 1-Loi A

Khong cch o 3
Om

Khong cch o
1Om

Cc gii hn o khong
cch 3om t tng ngoi
ca cng trnh trong
c t thit b dB(V/m)

dB (V/m)
0.15 30
30 230

dB (V/m)

ang nghin cu

ang nghin cu

ang nghin cu

30

30

30

37

37

37

230 1000

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 16 Bng IV
Cc gii hn ca s bc x nhiu in t i vi thit b thuc nhm 2,
loi B c o v tr th nghim.
Bng tn s

Cc gii hn i vi loi B.

MH

Khong cch o 10 m

0.15 - 30
30
- 80.872
80.872 - 81.848
81.848 - 134.786
134.786 - 136.414
136.414 - 230
230 - 1000

dB (V/m)
ang nghin cu
30
50
30
50
30
37

Bng V
Cc gii hn ca bc x nhiu in t i vi thit b nhm 2, Loi A
Cc gii hn vi khong cch o 30 m
Di tn s

T tng ngoi ca cng

Ti ni th

trnh trong c

nghim

t thit b

0,15 - 0,49
0,49 - 1,705
1,705 - 2,194
2,194 - 3,95
3,95 - 20
20 - 30
30 - 47
47 - 68
68 - 80,872
80,872 - 81,848
81,848 - 87
87 - 134,786
134,786 136,414
136,414 - 156
156 - 174
174 - 188,7
188,7 - 190,979
190,979 - 230
230 - 400
400 - 470
470 - 1000

dB (V/m)
75
65
70
65
50
40
48
30
43
58
43
40
50
40
54
30
40
30
40
43
40

dB (V/m)
85
75
80
75
60
50
58
40
53
68
53
50
60
50
64
40
50
40
50
53
50

5.2.3 Bng tn s gia 1GHz n 18 GHz

i vi o lng ti ni th nghim, gii hn cng sut bc x
nhiu in t l 57, dB (pW) ca cng sut bc x tng i (erp)
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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 17 mt ngu cc na sng nm trong gii tn 11,7 GHz n 12,7 GHz.
Cc gii hn cn ang nghin cu i vi phn cn li ca gii tn
o lng ti ni x dng, cc gii hn cn ang nghin cu.
Cc gii hn lin quan ti phng php o dng phng phn x th
cn nghin cu.
5.2.4 Bng tn s nm gia 18 GHz v 400 GHz
Cc gii hn i vi bng tn s gia 18 GHz v 400 GHz th
cn ang nghin cu.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 18 5.3 Bin php bo v cc cng tc c bit v an ton
bo v cc cng vic c bit trong cc khu vc c bit,
chnh quyn quc gia c th yu cu vic o lng c tin hnh ti
ni x dng v cn tn trng cc gii hn quy nh trong bng VI
trong cc di tn s ghi trong danh mc.
Bng VI
Cc gii hn ca bc x nhiu in t bo v cc cng vic c
bit lin quan ti an ton trong cc khu vc c bit
Bng tn s

Cc gii hn

Khong cch o tng pha

MHz

dB (V/m)

ngoi ca cng trnh trong

t thit b

0,2835 0,5265

65

30

30

10

74,6 - 75,4

30

10

37

10

37

10

37

10

108 - 137
242,95 243,05
326,6 - 335,4
960 - 1215

Ghi ch : Nhiu bin php thng tin v hng khng i hi nh gii hn

ca nhiu in t bc x theo chiu thng ng. Cn ang tip tc xc nh
bin php no c th cn thit bo v h thng thng tin .

6. Vic nh gi tnh ph hp ca thit b.

6.1. Thit b sn xut hng lot :
Vic nh gi theo thng k tnh ph hp i vi cc thit b
sn xut hng lot cn phi c thc hin bng cch p dng phng
php thng k ca vic nh gi cv ghi trong 6.3.
Cc kt qu o lng thc hin tai ni x dng khng th c
x dng nh gi theo thng k tnh ph hp.
Khng th chng t rng nhng thit b sn xut hng lot
khng p ng c cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny m khng thc
hin vic nh gi theo thng k tnh ph hp.
6.2. Cc thit b sn xut ring l.
cc thit b m khng phi l sn xut hng lot u phi c
th nghim ring l. Mi mt thit b ring l u phi tha mn cc
gii hn, v c o theo cc phng php quy nh.

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- 19 6.3. Vic nh gi theo thng k tnh ph hp ca cc thit b
sn xut hng lot :Vic o lng phi c thc hin trn mt mu
gm c ti thiu l nm v ti a l 12 thit b thuc loi sn xut
hng lot. Nu vi hon cnh c bit m khng b tr c 5 thit
b, c th ly mu ca 3 hay 4 thit b.
Ghi ch : Vic nh gi c tin hnh trn c s kt qu o c ca mt
mu ca c n c lin quan ti tt c cc n v ng nht v c tnh u nhng
thay i c th c c ca k thut sn xut hng lot.

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- 20 Tnh ph hp c kim nh khi quan h di y c tha
mn :
X + KSn

L.

Trong :
X = Tr s trung bnh s hc ca cc mc nhiu ca n
thit b trong mu.
Sn = chnh lch tiu chun theo mu, trong :

S2
n =

1
(X-X) 2
n 1

X = Mc nhiu ca mt thit b ring r.

L = Gii hn cho php.
k = H s ly t cc bng phn phi t khng tp trung,
m bo mc tin cy 80% m 80% hay hn ca sn
phm th thp hn gii hn. Cc gi tr k theo n c cho
bng VII
X, X, Sn v L c biu th bng n v Lgart :
(V/m) hay dB (pW).

dB(V), dB

Bng VII
H s phn phi t khng tp trung k coi nh hm s ca mu
th n.
3

11

n
12

k
1,21

2,04
1,20

1,69

5
1,52

1,42

1,35

1,30

10

1,27

1,24

7. Nhng yu cu tng qut i vi o lng.

Thit b loi A c th c o lng hoc ti v tr th nghim
hoc ti ni x dng do nh ch to xc nh. Thit b ISM loi B phi
c o v tr th nghim.
Nhng yu cu ca mc ny phi c tn trng i vi o lng
ti v tr th nghim cng nh o lng tai ni x dng.

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7.1. Ting n mi trng.

- 21 -

V tr th nghim i vi th nghim mu phi cho php

phn bit c gia sng pht ra ca thit b th nghim vi ting n
ca mi trng. V quan im ny, ngi ta c th xc nh mt v tr
th nghim l thch hp bng cch o mc n v m bo l mc
n ca mi trng xung quanh t nht thp hn 6 dB so vi gii hn
quy nh tiu mc 5-1, 5-2 hay 5-3 ty theo tng trng hp.

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- 22 Khng cn thit phi gim mc n ca mi trng n 6 dB
thp hn gii hn quy nh khi s tng hp ca n ca mi trng
xung quanh v sng pht ra ca thit b chu th nghim m khng
vt qua gii hn quy nh. Trong trng hp ny, thit b chu th
nghim coi nh l tha mn gii hn quy nh.
Khi tin hnh o in p nhiu trn cc u cc, cc sng
pht v tuyn in ia phng c th lm tng mc n ca mi
trng mt s tn s. Mt b lc tn s tn s v tuyn in... thch
hp c th c in vo gia li in tiu th gi to v ngun in
tiu th, hay cc vic o lng c thc hin trong lng Faraday. Cc
thnh phn to nn li lc tn s v tuyn in s c t trong li
kim loi v c ni vi cc tip a ca h thng o lng. Nhng yu
cu v tr khng ca li gi to cn phi c tn trng tn s o lng khi b lc tn s v tuyn in c ni vo.
Khi o s bc x nhiu in t, nu nhng iu kin v
n ca mi trng 6 dB khng c th p ng c, ng ten c th
t khong cch ti thit b chu th nghim ngn hn khong
cch quy nh mc 5 (Xem 8.1.3)
7.2 Thit b o lng
7.2.1 Dng c o lng :
Nhng my thu vi b tch sng st nh phi c ph hp vi
CISPR6 - Cc my thu vi b tchng tr s trung bnh phi ph hp vi
CISPR6
Ghi ch : C hai b tch sng c th t vo mt my thu v vic o c
thc hin bng cch chuyn i sang b tch sng st nh v b tch
sng tr s trung bnh

My thu hnh cho o lng phi hot ng sao cho s bin

i ca tn s nhiu trong khi o khng nh hng n kt qu.
Ghi ch ; Cc thit b o lng c cc tnh tch sng khc cng c th c
x dng vi didu kin chng c th chng t l vic o cc tr s nhiu l
nh nhau. Cng cn ghi ch l vic thun tin dng my thu ton cnh hay
my phn tch ph, c bit l nu tn s lm vic ca thit b chu
th nghim thay i trong chu k lm vic.

trnh kh nng m dng c o lng ch sai khng ph hp vi

cc gii hn, my thu dng cho o lng phi hiu chnh c trn mt
tn s xa cc bin ca mt trong nhng bng 6dB ca my thu th
nm ngoi bng tn quy nh.
Ghi ch : Cn ch m bo nhng c tnh to m chn v loi tr cc
tn s k sinh ca my thu o lng phi ph hp khi tin hnh o lng trn
cc thit b c cng sut ln

i vi vic o lng tn s trn 1 GHz, phi dng my phn

tch ph c cc c tnh sau :
a) Khong tn s k sinh t nht thp hn 40 dB khong tn
s thu c tc thi. C th thc hin c bng cch dng b chn trc
ni ring r.
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- 23 b) Chiu rng ca bng l 120 kHz 25kHz
c) C b tch sng st - nh (khng bt buc)
d) B suy gim c th bin i c dng thi on tn s
trung gian v tn s v tuyn in
e) Mt li lc hu hiu t nht 60 dB
f) Thi gian qut c th bin thin t nht t 0,1 s n 10 s
g) Mt vch quan st khi dng thi gian qut quy ddnh
phn f) trn
Ghi ch : Nhng iu ch khi x dng b phn tch ph th c cho
ph lc B

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7.2.2 Li gi nh

- 24 -

Vic o in p nhiu trn cc cc ca li tiu th phi c

thc hin bng cch dng mt li gi nh bao gm li hnh V 50/
50H nh quy nh trong CISPR16 .
Li in gi nh l cn thit mt mt l a vo mt tr
khng xc nh tn s v tuyn in vo cc cc ca ngun tiu th
in, o in p nhiu, mt khc cch ly thit b chu th
nghim vi n ca mi trng gy ra bi ng dy tiu th in
7.2.3 Que d in p
Mch que d in p c trnh by Hnh 4, trang ....., phi
c dng khi khng th s dng li gi nh. Que d c ni lin tip
gia mi ng dy vi didm ni t chn trc (bn kim loi, ng kim
loi). Que d gm ch yu mt t in v mt ine tr sao cho
in tr tng gia ng dy v t t nht l 1500 . nh hng ti
chnh xc khi o lng ca t in hay tt c cc b phn khc m
chng c dng bo v my thu o lng chng dng in nguy
him, phi nh hn 1 dB, hoc c tnh u trong khi kim nh.
7.2.4 ng ten
i vi di tn s thp hn 30 MHz, ng ten phi l mt khung
nh quy nh trong CISPR16. ng ten phi nm mt phng ng,
phi quay c xung quanh mt trc ng thng. im thp nht ca
khung phi l 1m cch mt t.
di tn s 30 MHz n 1 GHz, ng ten phi l mt ngu cc
i xng. i vi nhng tn s gia 30 MHz v 80 MHz, ng ten phi
c chiu di bng chiu di cng hng khi o 80 MHz, v i vi cc
tn s t 80 MHz v GHz, ng ten phi c chiu di tng ng khi cng
hng. Cc chi tit ph c cho CISPR 16. Phi tin hnh o lng
cc phn cc nm ngang v phn cc thng ng. i vi cc
thit b nhm 2, loi A, tm ca ng ten phi cch mt t l 3,0 m
0,2 m . i vi thit b nhm 1 v nhm 2, loi B, tm ca ng ten phi
iu chnh gia 1m v 4m c c tn hiu ch th cc i ng
vi mi tn s th nghim. im ng ten gn mt t nht khng c
t hn 0,2 m
Ghi ch : Ngi ta c th x sng cc ng ten khc vi iu kin l c th
chng t rng cc kt qu tng ng khng sai km qu 2dB so vi kt qu
thu c khi dng ng ten ngu cc i xng.

i vi cc tn s trn 1 GHz, cha c nhng quy nh cho ng

ten dng (xem 9-2).
Ghi ch : i vi cc phng php o lng thay th hay cc phng phn x
quy nh ng vi cc tn s trn 1 GHz, nhng c tnh k thut ca ng
ten o lng th khng ti hn v cng khng cn thit phi quy nh . Cn
phi theo hng dn trong CISPR 19.

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7.3 o lng tn s

- 25 -

i vi cc thit b vn hnh vi tn s c bn mt trong cc

di tn s quy nh trong bng 1, tn s phi kim nh vi
dng c o lng c sai s o bn thn nh hn hay bng 1/10 sai s
th c tn s trung bnh ca di tn s quy nh. Tn s phi c
o sut di ph ti t cng sut nh nht ti cng sut cao nht.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 26 -

7.4 nh hnh cc thit b chu th nghim

Mc nhiu phi ti a khi thay i hnh dng ca thit b
sao cho ph hp vi nhng ng dng mu ca thit b chu th
nghim.
Ghi ch : tiu mc ny c th p dng o lng trang b ti ni x
dng quy m s ph thuc vo s linh hot ca mi trang b c bit. Cc
b tr ca tiu mc ny p dng trong vic o lng ti ni x dng trong
khun kh m mt trang b cho php thay i v tr cp, cho php vn
hnh c lp cc n v khc trong trang b, thay i v tr trang b
bn trong cng trnh v.v...

Hnh dng ca thit b chu th nghim s c ghi ch mt

cch chnh xc trong bn n\bo co th nghim.
7.4.1 Cp ni dy :
Tiu mc ny p dng cho thit b trong c nhiu cp ni
cc b phn khc nhau ca thit b, hay cc h thng c rt nhiu
thit b c nivi nhau bng cp.
Ghi ch : Vic tn trng tt c cc sp xp ca tiu mc ny cho php p
dng cc kt qu nh gi rt nhiu hnh dng ca mt h thng trong khi
x dng cc loi ging ca thit b v cp, loi tr tt c h thng khc, mi
hnh dng ca h thng thc t l mt h thng ph ca trang c
nh gi.

Nhng cp dng ni dy phi l loi v c chiu di quy

nh theo nhng yu cu p dng cho cc thit b ring r. Nu c
th thay i chiu di, phi chn chiu di to ra s pht sng
cc i khi thc hin o trng.
Nu trong th nghim, x dng cp bc kim lai hay cp c
bit, vic x dng cp ny cn c quy nh trong bn hng dn x
dng.
Khi thc hin vic o in p u cc, di ca dy cp
d ra cn phi c b li thnh cun di 30 cm n 40 cm. Nu khng
th thc hin c, vic b tr dy cp d ra phi c ghi r trong bn
bo co th nghim.
Trong trng hp c nhiu u cc chung cng mt loi, c th
ch cn ni mt u cp vo mt u cc ca loi vi iu kin
n c th chng t rng cc cp ph khng lm nh hng ng k ti
kt qu.
Mt tp hp kt qu cn phi km theo mt m t y hng
ca thit b v cc cp cho cc kt qu c th c lp li. Nu c
cc iu kin x dng, cc iu kin ny cn phi ghi r, ti liu
no v nm trong bn hng dn x dng no.

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- 27 Nu mt thit b c th thc hin ring r bt k mt nhim v
no th thit b phi c th nghim trong khi thc hin mi nhim
v . i vi cc h thng c th gm nhiu thit b khc nhau, mt
trong mi loi thit b khc nhau, mt trong mi loi thit b m nm
trong bn hnh dng ca h thng, n s c a vo nh gi.
Mt h thng bao gm mt s th nghim nh nhau, nhng vic
nh gi thc hin ch trn mt thit b khng cn thit phi tin
hnh nh gi khc nu nh vic nh gi ban u l tha mn.
Ghi ch : iu ny l cho php v rng ngi ta a thy rng trong thc t
khng cn b xung thm nhng pht sng t nhng m em tng t.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 28 -

Khi ngi ta nh gi mt thit b m n c tc ng tng i

vi cc thit b to n mt h thng, s nh gi ny c thc
hin hoc bng cch x dng ccs thit b b xung m t mt h
thng chung hoc vic x dng cc my m phng. Trong c hai trng
hp, phi m bo rng, trong khi nh gi thit b ang th
nghim, tc ng ca phn cn li ca h thng hay ca cac my m
phng phi tha mn cc iu kin v n mi trng quy nh
trong 7.1. Bt k my m phng no c dng ti v tr ca thit b
thc, cn phi trnh by mt cch chnh xc nhng c tnh v
in, v trong mt s trng hp cc c tnh c hc ca mt phn
gii, c bit l lin quan ti tn hiu v tng tr ca tn s v tuyn
in, cng nh l hnh dng v cc loi cp.
Ghi ch ; Phng php ny l cn thit cho php nh gi cc thit b
c t hp t cc thit b c ngun gc ch to khc nhau to thnh mt h
thng.

7.4.2 Vic ni dy vo li in cung cp ti ni th nghim

Khi thc hin vic o lng ti v tr th nghim, c th x
dng li in hnh V nh quy nh 7.2.2. Li in hnh V c t
sao cho b mt gn nht khng c nh hn 0,8 m ti bin gii gn
nht ca thit b chu th nghim.
Khi nh ch to cung cp mt si dy cung cp in mm, si
dy ny phi c chiu di 1 m, hoc nu n qu di, chiu di dy
in d ra phi c gp li thnh mt b dy khng c di qu 0,4 m.
Ngun in cung cp cho thit b c in p danh nh.
Trong trng hp m nh ch to quy nh cp in cung
cp, chiu di 1m ca cp quy nh s c ni gia thit b th
nghim vi li in hnh V.
Vic ni t p ng mc ch an ton phi c ni vo
im "t" ca li in hnh V, trong trng hp nh ch to khng
cung cp hay khng quy nh, dy ni c chiu di l 1m v t
song song vi dy in cung cp vi khong cch khng qu 0,1m
Cc vic ni t khc (th d v mc ch tng hp in t
EMC) c th hoc c quy nh, hoc c cung cp bi nh ch to,
c ni vo cng mt cc nh ni t an ton, v phi c ni vo cc
ni t ca li in hnh V.
Khi mt thit b chu th nghim l mt h thng gm ln hn
mt n v, mi n v c ng dy in cung cp ring, im
ni vo li in hnh V c xc nh theo cc quy tc sau y:
a) Mi dy in tiu th c phch cm in theo kim chun
(th d theo IEC 83) th c th nghim ring r .

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 29 b) Cc u cc hoc cp tiu th khng c quy nh bi nh
ch to ni vo n v khc ca h thng thit b c cung
cp in, chng c th nghim ring r.
c) Cc u cc hay cc cp tiu th c quy nh bi nh ch
to c ni vo n v khc trong h thng thit b c cung cp
in, chng c ni vo n v thit b , v cc u cc hay cp
lc chnh ca n v thit b sau ny c ni vo li in hnh V.
d) Khi c quy nh vic ni dy c bit, vt liu cn thit
thc hin vic ni dy phi c x dng trong khi nh gi thit
b chu th nghim.
7-5. Nhng iu kin mang ti ca thit b chu th nghim.
Nhng iu kin mang ti ca thit b chu th nghim th
c quy nh trong tiu mc ny. Cc thit b khng nn trong tiu
mc ny th phi vn hnh sao cho to ra nhiu ln nht trong khi
tun th cc bin php vn hnh bnh thng cng nh c quy
nh trong bn hng dn x dng tht b.
7-5-1. Thit b y t.
MHz

7-5-1.1. Thit b iu tr x dng tn s t 0,15 MHz n 300

Tt c vic o lng phi c thc hin trong nhng iu kin

vn hnh bnh thng c quy nh trong bn hng dn x dng
thit b. Mch ra thit b mang ti ph thuc vo bn cht cc
in cc mang ti.
i vi thit b c in cc loi in dng, ngi ta phi x
dng mt ph ti gi nh o lng. Hnh 3 trang 47, trnh by
s b tr mch ny. Ph ti gi nh phi tha thun in tr v c
kh nng tiu th c cng sut ra cc i danh nh ca thit b.
Hai u cc ni dy ca ph ti gi nh phi t vo hai
u cc ra ca my v mi u cc c ni vi mt a kim loi
hnh trn c ng knh l 170mm 10 mm. Vic o lng c thc
hin vi cc dy cp v cc in cc in dung c cung cp km
theo thit b. Cc in cc in dung phi c t song song vi
a kim loi trn ti hai u ccc ca ph ti gi nh, khong cch
gia chng phi c iu chnh sao cho cng sut tiu th trong ph
ti gi nh l mt tr s thch hp.
Vic o lng c thc hin vi vic t ph ti gi nh nm
ngang v thng ng (xem hnh 3). Trong mi trng hp, trong khi
o nhiu bc x in t, ton b h thng bao gm thit b, cc
dy cp, cc in cc in dung v ph ti gi nh, phi c quay
xung quanh trc thng ng xc nh c tr s cc i ca trng bc x.
Ghi ch : Vic xp xp cc bng n di y l th nghim nhiu
loi thit b trong mt gii cng sut th nghim :

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 30 a. Cng sut ra danh nh : 100W n 300W.
Bn n 110V/60W ni song song hay nm n 125V/60W ni
song song.
b. Cng sut ra danh nh : 300W n 500W.
Bn n 125V/100W ni song song hay 5 n 150V/100W ni
song song.
i vi thit b c in cc loi in cm, cn phi thc hin
vic o lng bng cch x dng cc dy cp in v cc cun dy
b bin c cung cp cng vi thit b cha bnh. Ph ti dng th
nghim l mt bnh hnh tr cch in c ng knh 10cm. Bnh
ny c vo vi chiu cao l 50cm mt dung dch cha 9g
Natrichlorua trong 1 lt nc ct.
Bnh ny phi t nm trong cun dy in sao cho trc
ca bnh trng vi trc cun dy in - Trung tm ca cun dy
phi trng vi trung tm ph ti lng.
Vic o lng phi c thc hin cng sut cc i cng nh
1/2 cng sut cc i y, v nu mch c th iu chnh c, ph
ti ra phi c iu chnh ti mc cng hng vi tn s c bn
ca thit b.
Mi vic o lng phi c thc hin theo nhng iu kin
vn hnh c ghi trong bn hng dn vn hnh ca thit b.
7-5-1-2. Thit b iu tr UHF v vi sng lm vic tn s ln
hn 300 MHz.
Vic o lng c thc hin u tin l mch ra ca thit b
c ni vi mt ph ti in tr m n cng mt gi tr nh tng tr
ca cp in c dng cung cp cho ph ti ca thit b.
Sau , phi tin hnh o lng vi tng in cc mt, thit
b c t trong tt c cc v tr v cc hng c th c, v khng ti
mi trng hp th v phi tun theo cc c tnh k thut quy nh
trong bn hng dn x dng.
Cc mc cao nht o c bng cch x dng mt hay hai phng php trn phi c dng xc nh tnh ph hp ca cc gii hn.
Ghi ch :
1. Nu cn thit, cng sut cc i ra ca thit b cn c o vi phng
php th nht. xc nh tnh thch hp ca ph ti in tr vi mch ra
ca thit b, ngi ta o t l sng tnh ti trn ng dy gia my pht
v in tr ph ti. T l ny khng c vt qu 1,5.
2. Cc phng php mang ti ca cc thit b y t khc th cn ang nghin
cu.

7-5-1-3. Thit b iu tr bng siu m.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 31 Vic o lng c thc hin vi b chuyn i c ni vo my
pht. B chuyn i phi ngm trong mt bnh khng phi l kim
loi, c ng knh khong 10cm, y nc ct.
Vic o lng c thc hin cng sut cc i cng nh 1/2
cng sut cc i v trong trng hp mch ra c th iu chnh c,
n phi c iu chnh ti tn s cng hng, sau gim dn. Cn
phi tun theo cc c tnh k thut trong bn hng dn vn hnh
thit b.
Ghi ch : Vic o cng sut ra cc i ca thit b c th c thc hin,
nu cn thit, theo phng php trnh by trong IEC 150 hay dng phng php dn xut.

7-5-2. Cc thit b Cng nghip :

Cc thit b cng nghip phi c th nghim hoc vi ph ti
hu dng trong vn hnh, hoc vi mt c cu tng ng.
Nu thit b chu th nghim c ni vo cc ng ph (nc,
kh, khng kh,...) ngi ta phi ni vo thit b chu thc nghim
bng cc ng cch in c chiu di t nht l 3m. Khi th nghim vi
ph ti dng cho vn hnh, ngi ta b tr cc cp in v cc in
cc nh x dng vn hnh bnh thng. Vic o lng c tin hnh
cng sut ra cc i cng nh 1/2 cng sut ra cc i. Cc thit b
khi vn hnh bnh thng cng sut ra bng khng hay cng sut ra
rt nh cng phi c o lng trong cc iu kin .
Ghi ch : Kinh nghim chng t rng ph ti c tun hon nc l ph hp
vi nhiu loi thit b lm nng cht in.

7-5-3. Cc thit b kho hc, thit b trong phng th nghim

v thit b o lng.
Cc thit b khoa hc, thit b trong phng th nghim trong
nhng iu kin vn hnh bnh thng.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 32 -

7-5-4. Cc dng c nu n bng vi sng.

Cc mc o lng trn cc dng c nu n bng vi sng phi
ph hp vi tr s gii hn ca bc x ghi trong khon 5 khi chng c th
nghim vi tt c cc c cu hp thnh lin quan, nh l cc a nm
trong, vi mt trng lng 250 ml nc my pha vi 1% trng lng Natri
clorua v nhit ban u 20 oC 5oC t gia mt gi do
nh ch tao cung cp bnh ng nc c ng knh trong l 80 mm
v lm bng cht khng dn in nh l thy tinh hay bng nha ngi
ta phi thm nc vo duy tr t lng nc ban u.
7-5-5. Cc thit b khc hot ng trong di tn 1GHz n
18GHz.
Cc mc o lng trn cc thit b khc phi ph hp vi tr
s gii hn v bc x quy nh trong khon 5 khi chng c th
nghim vi mt ph ti gi nh l mt lng nc my cha trong mt
bnh khng dn in. Kch thc v hnh dng bnh, v tr ca n
trong thit b v lng nc trong bnh cn phi c iu chnh sao
cho bo m vic truyn nng lng ti a, cc bin i v tn s
hay s bc x sng iu ha ph thuc vo cc c tnh k thut
ang nghin cu.
8. B tr c bit i vi o lng ti v tr th nghim (9
KHz n 1 GHz)
X dng mt mt bng o lng ti v th nghim. Quan
h ca thit b chu th nghim vi mt bng ny l tng ng
nhau v kch thc thc t, c ngha l cc thit b trc khi t xung
t th t trn mt bng ny hay cch in vi mt bng ny
bng mt lp cch in mng, trong khi cc dng c xch tay v cc
dng c khc khng nm trn t th c t trn mt ci bn
khng phi l kim loi cch mt bng ny 0,8m.
Mt mt bng c dng o bc x v o in p nhiu
trn u cc. Nhng yu cu v v tr th nghim bc xa c quy
nh 8.1 v i vi mt bng o in p nhiu u cc
8.2.
Ghi ch : i vi cc l vi sng thng mi ln, cn thit phi m bo l
nhng kt qu o khng b nh hng bi cc hiu qu ca mi trng gn
. Cn hng dn, tham kho CISPR19.

8.1 Ni th nghim bc x i vi thit b trong di tn s

9kHz n 1GHz
Ni th nghim bc x i vi thit b ISM phi phng, khng
c dy trn khng v cng trnh phn x c, phi rng cho
php cch l thch ng gia ng ten, thit b chu th nghim v
cc cng trnh c phn x.

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- 33 Ni th nghim bc x p ng c nhng yu cu trn l mt
chu v hnh ellp c trc ln bng 2 ln khong cch gia cc tiu
chun v trc nh bng 3 ln khong cch . Thit b chu th
nghim v dng c o lng c t mi tiu chun . Chiu di
qung ng ca tia phn x t mt i tng nm trn chu vi ca ni
th nghim bc x bng 2 ln chiu di trc tip gia hai tiu im.
Ni th nghim bc x c minh ha hnh 1, trang 27
i vi th nghim l 10 m, cn phi tng mt bng t nhin ln
bng mt b mt kim loi m phi tng t nht l 1 m i vi chu vi
ca thit b chu th nghim mt pha, cn pha kia t nht l 1 m
ng ten v gi ng ten (xem hnh 2, trang ????). Mt bng th
nghim khng c c bt k mt l no, hoc mt np ct no tr
nhng l khng qu 0,1 1 GHz (vo khong 30 mm).
8.1.1 nh gi ni th nghim bc x (9 kHz n 1GHz)
Ghi ch : ln xut bn ln th ba ca CISPR 16 s bao gm phng php ph
hp nh gi ni th nghim bc x.

8.1.2 Vic b tr thit b chu th nghim (9 kHz n 1 GHz)

Nu c th thc hin c, thit b chu th nghim phi c
t trn mt bn c th quay c. Tm bc x t thit b chu th
nghim phi cng gn cng tt vi tm trc quay ca bn.
i vi thit b t trn bn quay, s phn cch gia thit b
chu th nghim v ng ten o l khong cch nm ngang gia ng
ten o v trc ng ca bn. i vi thit b khng t trn bn
quay, s phn cch l khong cch nm ngang gia ng ten v phn
gn nht ca chu v ca thit b chu th nghim.
8.1.3 o bc x (9 kHz n 1 GHz)
S phn cch gia ng ten v thit b chu th nghim phi
tun theo quy nh trong iu 5. Nu khng p ng c nhng
iu kin n mi trng quy nh trong 7.1, ng ten c th c
t gn vo thit b chu th nghim. Trong trng hp ny, bn bo
co th nghim cn phi ghi r khong cch v cc trng thi o.
klhong cch gn hn, nhiu bc x in t o c khng c vt
qu tr s gii hn quy nh trong iu 5.
Ghi ch ; Do khng lng trc c t l gia nhiu bc x in t v
khong cch ti thit b chu th nghim, khng cho php thay i cc gii
hn kho o khong cch qu ngn.

i vi thit b chu th nghim c t trn bn quay, bn

phi quay hon ton vi ng tne o hng v c hai pha ; Phn cc
ngang v phn cc ng. Mc cao nht ghi c ca nhiu bc x
in t, ng vi mi tn s, phi c ghi li.
i vi thit b chu th nghim khng c t trn bn quay,
ng ten phi c t cc im khc nhau trong gc phng v i
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- 34 vi c hai phn cc ngang v ng. Cn ch l vic o c thc
hin trong nhng hng tng ng vi bc x cao nht mi tn s,
v phi ghi li
Ghi ch : mi v tr phng v ca ng ten o, phi tun th nhng yu
cu v ni o bc x ghi trong 8.1

8.2 o in p nhiu trn u cc

Vic o lng in p nhiu trn u cc c th c thc hin
a) Ti ni th nghim bc x vi thit b chu th nghim c
cng mt hnh dng nh o bc x.
b) Trn mt phng kim loi m n rng hn t nht 0,5 m
quanh chu vi ca thit b th nghim v c kch thc ti thiu
l 2 m x 2 m; hoc l
c) Trong mt lng Faraday. Sn hoc mt tng ca bung bc
kim loi lm vai tr mt bng.

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- 35 -

Cch chn a) c dng khi ni c mt mt bng kim loi. Trong

cch chn b) v c), nu khng phi xung t, thit b chu th
nghim phi t cch mt t 0,4 m. Cc thit b m phi t
xung t th phi t trn mt t, cc im tip xc th cch
ly vi mt t, nhng mt khc phi ph hp vi vic x dng bnh thng. Tt c cc thit b chu th nghim u phi cch xa tt c
mt phng kim loi khc t nht l 0,8 m
Mt bng phi ni vi cc t ca li in hnh V bng dy
dn cng ngn cng tt.
Cp in tiu th v cp tn hiu cn phi c nh hng so
vi mt phng t sao cho ging nh lc x dng bnh thng v cn
phi rt ch khi t cc cp trnh cc hin tng k sinh.
Khi thit b chu th nghim c mt u cc ni t, thit b
ny phi c ni t vi si dy cng ngn cng tt. Nu khng c
cc ni t, thit b phi c th nghim vi vic ni dy bnh thng, c ngha l bt k vic ni t no cng u thc hin qua li
in tiu th.
9. o bc x gia 1 GHZ v 18 GHz
9.1 B tr thit b th nghim
Thit b chu th nghim phi c t trn bn quay c
chiu cao thch hp. Thit b c cung cp in p bnh thng
9.2 ng ten thu :
Cc vic o phi c thc hin vi mt ng ten nh hng c
khe m nh c kh nng to cc php o ring bit cho cc thnh
phn ca trng bc x ngang v dc. Chiu cao ca trc ng ten so vi
mt t cng bng chiu cao ca trung tm pht x thch hp ca
thit b chu th nghim.
9.3 Ph chun v kim nh v tr th nghim
Vic ph chun mt v tr th nghim phi c thc hin bng
phng php thay th bc x. Phng php ny c tin hnh theo hai
bc.
u tin, s ph hp ca v tr c xc nh nh sau. Mt ng ten
pht c lp t ta mt im m ngi ta d kin t trung tm
bc x gn ng (thng l trung tm m lng) ca thit b chu th
nghim. ng ten pht phi c cng mt c tnh bc x nh l mt
ngu cc bn sng. ng ten thu phi t sao cho c cng mt
phn cc m phi vung gc vi ng tng tng gia chng. Cc th
nghim c thc hin tong nhng mt phng phn cc ngang v
dc

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- 36 V tr th nghim c coi l ph hp o tn s th
nghim nu nh ng h ch th trn my thu o lng khng thay
i qu 1,5 dB khi trung tm ng ten pht c dchh chuyn t 0
cm n 15 cm mi hng so vi v tr ban u.
Th hai, duyt vic chuyn dch chun i vi mi tn s,
ng ten thu v ng ten pht phi t cng v tr (ban u) nh trn,
ng ten pht c cung cp mt tn hiu vi cng sut my thu
cho mt tr s o thch hp. Quan h gia tr s c trn my thu
o lng v cng sut cung cp bi ng ten pht trong nhng iu
kin thc hp cho mt h s bin dodi. Bng bin php ny, tt c s
c trn my thu o lng c i thnh cng sut thay th.
9.4 Cc bin php o lng
Vic o lng phi c thc hin vi ng ten nh hng i vi
cc phn cc nm ngang v thng ng, v cc bn quay c thit b
c th nghim, phn quay. Mc cao nht ca bc x o c c trng cho mc c tnh k thut tn s o . Cng cn phi
m bo l, khi thit b th nghim khng lm vic, mc n ca
nn phi thp hn gii hn tham kho t nht l 10 dB, ngoi tr vic
c v th c thc hin mt cch c ngha.
Ghi ch : i vi cc l vi sng thng mi ln, cn phi m bo l cc kt
qu o khng b nh hng bi cc tc ng ca cc trng gn . Nn tham kho
CISPR 19

10. o lng ti v tr x dng (in Situ)

i vi mt thit b m khng th nghim c ti v tr o bc
x, vic o lng phi c thc hin sau khi lp t thit b ti ni
x dng. Vic o lng phi c tin hnh bn ngoi cng trnh m
thit b c t trong vi khong cch quy nh trong didu 5.
S ln o lng thc hin gc phng v phi ln hn l thc
t c th, nhng phi c t nht l 4 ln o trong cc hng trc giao
v cc ln o trong hng ca tt c cc h thng v tuyn hine hnh
c th gy nhiu.
Ghi ch : i vi cc l vi sng thng mi ln, cn phi m bo
l cc kt qu o khng b nh hng bi cc tc ng ca cc trng
gn . Nn tham kho CISPR 19
11. Cc bin php an ton
Cc thit b ISM c kh nng pht bc x in t mc nguy
him cho con ngi. Trc khi tin hnh th nghim nhiu bc x in
t, thit b ISM phi c kim tra bng my kim tra bc x thch hp.

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- 37 ng knh ln (MD) = 2D

ng knh nh (mD) =
F3
A
ngten

Thit b th
nghim

Cc gii hn ca v tr th nghim c xc nh bi mt Elip.

Khong khng gian trn v tr th nghim phi khng c vt phn x.

Ghi ch: Nhng c tnh k thut ca v tr th nghim c

ghi trong 8.1. Xem mc 5 v gi tr ca F.
Hnh 1: V tr th nghim
1m

Thit b th
nghim

ngten

D = d +2m trong d l kch thc ln nht ca thit b chu th

nghim.
W = a +2m trong a l kch thc ln nht ca ng ten
L = 3m hay 10m.
Hnh 2 - Kch thc ti thiu ca tm nn bng kim loi

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- 38 -

E = in cc
; horizontal load : ti ngang ; vertical load :
ti ng
L = Ti gi nh
Hnh 3 : Sp xp thit b y t v ti gi nh ( xem
7.5.1.1 )

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- 39 -

Hnh 4 : Mch o in p nhiu ca ngun cung cp

chnh ( xem 7.2.2)

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- 40 Ph lc A
Cc th d phn loi cc thit b

C rt nhiu thit b ISM cha ng hai hay nhiu loi ngun

gy nhiu, th d nh mt thit b sy nng bng cm ng c th c
cc chnh lu bn dn cng vi cun dy nhit. Vi quan im th
nghim, mt thit b phi c xc nh theo chc nng hot ng
m n biu th. Th d, mt thit b sy cm ng c cc chnh lu bn
dn, th n phi c th nghim nh l b sy cm ng (tt c
nhiu p ng cc gii hn m t cho d l ngun nhiu no) v
khng c th nghim nh l n l ngun cung cp chnh lu.
Bn ti liu ny cung cp nhng ddnh ngha tng qut ca
cc thit b ISM nhm 1 v nhm, v v mt chnh thc, chi tit
c bit ca thit b ph thuc vo nhm no th nhm y phi c
xc nh t nhng nh ngha trn. Tuy nhin, n s l hu ch cho
nhng ngi x dng bn ti liu ny c mt danh mc y
cc loi thit b c xc nh theo nhm. iu ny s gip trong
vic pht trin vic xc nh tiu chun k thut trong nhng trng
hp m kinh nghim l cn thit x l cc loi thit b c bit.
Cc bn danh sch sau y ca thit b nhm 1 v nhm 2 c
mc ch to ra 1 ht nhn m mt danh mc y s tp hp
xung quanh
Nhm 1 :
i cng : Thit b phng th nghim
Thit b y t
Thit b khoa hc
Chi tit : My pht tn hiu, my thu o lng, tn s k, lu lng k, my phn tch ph, my phn tch ha
cht, knh hin v in t, ngun cung cp in c
cu dao ct (khi khng nm trong thit b)
Nhm 2:
i cng :

Thit b sy cm ng cng nghip

Dng c bp nu cm ng gia dng
Thit b sy nng in mi
Thit b sy nng vi sng cng nghip
L in vi sng gia dng
Thit b y t
My hn h quang c kch thch bng v tuyn (RF)
Thit b ct gt bng tia la in
Thit b iu khin bng Thyrislor
My hn im

Chi tit : nu chy kim loi, sy ci, sy cc b phn hn v hn

vy, hn ng, gn g, hn cht do, s b sy cht
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- 41 do, x l thc phm, nng bch quy, lm tan ng
thc phm, sy giy, x l vi si, x l ha cht keo
dn, s b sy vt liu, thit b y t sng ngn v
vi sng.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 42 Ph lc B

Nhng ch khi x dng my phn tch ph (Xem 7.2.1)

Hu ht cc my phana tch ph u khng c kh nng chn
lc tn s v tuyn in. iu ny c ngha l mt tn hiu u
vo c truyn trc tip vo b chn sng n to ra tn s trung
gian thch hp. C nhng my phn tch quang ph tn s siu cao
c trang b c b tin chn lc ngay cc sng v tuyn in m theo
ngy mt cch t ng tn s chn ca my thu. Cc my phn
tch ny cho php vt qua, trong mt phm vi rng, nhng kh khn
gp phi trong khi o cc bin ca sng pht iu ha v sng
pht k sinh nh mt dng c m c th sinh ra nhng tn s thuc
loi trong mch vo.
bo v mch vo ca my phn tch ph chng nhng h
hng khi o nhng tn hiu nhiu yu trong lc xut hin tn hiu
khe, mt b lc c t vo mch vo lm gim bt i t nht
30 dB tn s ca tn hiu kha. C th cn thit phi dng chiu b
lc x l nhng tn s vn hnh khc nhau.
Rt nhiu my phn tch ph siu cao tm x dng cc tn s
iu ha ca my giao ng a phng b cho cc thnh phn
khc nhau ca gii tn quan st. Khi khng c b tin chn lc tn
s v tuyn in, cc my phn tch ny c th cng b cc tn
hiu iu ha v tn hiu nhiu. iu ny tr thnh kh khn
xcc nh tn hiu quan st c thc t tn s ch nh y khng
hay l n c pht ra t bn thn dng c o lng.
Rt nhiu l in, thit b in nhit y hc v cc thit b
ISM vi sng khc u tiu th dng didn xoay chiu c chnh lu, nhng khng c lc. Do vy , s pht sng ca chng b iu bin
ng thi c v bin v tn s. Trong l in c s chn sng
gy ra s iu bin s xung v bin v v tn s.
Nhng sng pht ra c thnh phn vch ph gn vi 1 Hz (do
s iu bin bi chi tit chn sng ca l) v 50 Hz hay 60 Hz (do s
iu bin tn s chnh). Ngi ta thy rng, tn s mang thng khng
n nh, v khng th phn bit cc thnh phn vch ph y. Trong
thc t, ngi ta tm thy mt hnh bao ca ph bng cch x dng
mt chiu rng bng tn trn my phn tch m ln hn chnh
lch tn s gia cc thnh phn ca ph (nhng theo nguyn tc
chung, rt nh so vi chiu rng ca hnh bao).
Khi b rng bng ca my phn tch ln cha ng
mt s cc vch ph k nhau, tr s nh cho s tng cng vi b
rng ca bng cho ti mt im m b rng bng ca my phn tch
s so snh ci b rng ca ph tn hiu. Nh vy, ch yu l i n
mt tha thun x dng mt b rng bng c quy nh so
snh vi nhng bin bit bi nhiu my phn tch khc nhau
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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 43 trong khi o nhng pht sng mu ca nhng thit b sy v thit
b iu tr hin hnh.
Ngi ta nhn thy rng, trong nhiu trng hp, cc my pht ra
ca cc l in c iu bin i bi cc tn s thp hn 1Hz. Ngi
ta cng c th rnhn xt rng nhng hnh bao ca ph ca cc sng
pht th khng u, v chng qut ln nhau, tr phi s ln qut trn
1 giy th nh so vi tn s qu thp to ra s iu bin.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 44 -

Mt khong thi gian qut thch ng c th l 10 s hay hn.

Nhng tn s qut qu chm khng ph hp vi quan st bng mt, tr
phi ngi ta dng h thng nh, nh mt ng c tia m cc c nh, mt
nh hay mt my ghi hnh. Ngi ta c gng tng tn s qut
bng cch tng ln hoc dng li cc chn sng ca l. Tuy nhin, ngi
ta phi nh rng phng php ny khng tha mn c v rng bin ,
tn s v dng ph bin i theo v tr chn sng.
My phn tch ph khng ghi c nhiu tc thi m ddnh
ca n cng khng c ghi vi b tch sng st nh (p ng vi c
yu cu i di tn 30 MHz n 1GHz) c ni vi my phn tch.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 45 Ph lc C

o nhiu bc x in t khi xut hin cc tn hiu

t i pht v tuyn in
i vi cc thit b chu th nghim c tn s lm vic n
ddnh, sao cho vic c ca my thu o lng st nh ca CISPR
khng thay i 0,5 dB trong khi o. Cng in trng ca
nhiu bc x in t c th c tnh ton vi chnh xc y
theo biu thc sau :
1,1

E g = E 1t ,1 - E 1s,1
Eg = Nhiu bc x in t (V/m)
Et = Tr s cng in trng o c (V/m).
Es = Cng in trng ca tn hiu ca i pht v tuyn
(V/m)
Ngi ta nhn thy l cng thc trn c gi tr khi cc tn hiu
nhiu t cc i pht v tuyn in v i v tuyn truyn hnh c
iu bin v bin v iu bin v tn s, tn hiu ny bng hai
ln bin ca nhiu bc x in t o c.
Nn gii hn vic p dng cng thc ny trong trng hp khng
th trnh c nhng nh hng ca nhiu ca cc i pht v tuyn.
Nu tn s nhiu bc x in t khng n nh v ngi ta dng my
thu ton cnh hay my phn tch ph, th cng thc ny khng nn
p dng.

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CISPR 11 @ IEC 1990

- 46 Ph lc D.

Vic truyn nhiu t thit b cng nghip

c tn s v tuyn in tn s gia 30 MHz v 300 MHz.
i vi mt thit b cng nghip cao tn s m t trn hoc
gn mc mt t, vic lm gim nh trng vi khong cch t ngun,
ti cao t 1m v 4m trn mt t, th ph thuc vo mt t v
bn cht ca cht t. Mt m hnh i vi vic lan truyn in trng trn mt mt t phng trong mt khu vc t 1m n 10Km t
ngun th c m t trong (1).
Mc d nh hng ca bn cht mt t v ca cc chng ngi
vt m chng lm gim thc t cc sng in t, nh hng ny tng
theo tn s, ngi ta c th ly h s gim trung bnh i vi di tn
s gia 30 MHz v 300 MHz.
Mt t cng khng u v nhp nh, cc trng in t
cng b gim v bng, v hp th (bao gm c gim do cc cng
trnh v cy ci) s khuch tn, s phn k v s lch tiu im
ca cc sng b tc ng bi nhiu (2). gim ny ch c th c
m t trn c s thng k. i vi nhng khong cch t ngun m ln
hn 30m, cng trng d kin hay gia ti mt cao cho
th bin i theo 1/Dn trong D l khong cch t ngun v n bin
thin khong 1,3 i vi vng nng thn ti khong 2,8 i vi vng
th c mt cng trnh nhiu.
Sau nhiu ln o khc nhau i vi cc loi t, hnh nh c
th x dng tr s n = 2,2 i vi cc nh gi gn ng. Cc
chnh lch ln ca cc tr s o ca cng trng so vi cc tr s
d kin theo nh lut cng trung bnh/khong cch vi cc chnh
lch tiu chun ti khong 10dB trong mt s phn phi Logarit bnh
thng gn ng.
Ngi ta khng th d kin s phn cc ca trng. Cc kt qu
ny ph hp vi cc o lng thc hin nhiu nc.
nh lng li mu ca cc cng trnh ln s bc x l rt thay
i, ph thuc vo vt liu xy dng cng trnh, b dy ca tng
v t l ca knh. Trong trng hp cc bc tng c khng ca s,
gim ph thuc vo chiu dy so vi chiu di sng bc x v ngi
ta c th trng i mt s tng ca gim theo tn s.
Ni chung, coi nh khng khn ngoan m mong i cc cng
trnh mt s bo v qu 10dB.
Ti liu tham kho .

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- 47 (1). A.A. Smith, Jr, S lan truyn in trng trong khu vc gn.
S gii quyt ca IEEE v mc tng hp in t. 11-1969 trang 151163.
(2) Bo co 239-1 ca CCIR.
_______________

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