871-1 @ IEC 1987

- 1-

Tiu
IEC
Quc
871-1

chun
t
Xut bn ln th nht
1987

Cc t in u shunt
dng cho li in xoay
chiu,
in p nh mc
ln hn 1000 V
Phn 1:
Tng qut: - Cc c
tnh lm vic, cc th
nghim v cc gi tr
nh mc - Cc quy tc
an ton - Hng dn lp
t v vn hnh.
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Ni dung:

X
1.
2.
3.
4.

Li ni u
Li ta
Phn 1 : Tng qut
Phm vi p dng............................................................................4
Mc ch:....................................................................................4
Cc nh ngha...........................................................................5
Cc iu kin lm vic...............................................................6
Phn 2 : Cc yu cu v cht lng v th nghim

5. Cc yu cu lin quan n cc th nghim.................................8

6. Phn loi cc th nghim.............................................................8
7. o in dung (th nghim thng l)...........................................9
8. o tang ca cc tn tht (tg) ca t in (th nghim thng l):
........................................................................................................10
9. Th nghim in p (th nghim thng l):.............................10
10. Th nghim in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc u cc v
thng cha (th nghim thng l)..................................................11
11. Th nghim trang b phng in bn trong (th nghim thng l)
........................................................................................................11
12. Th nghim kn (th thng l)..........................................11
13. Th n nh nhit ( bn nhit) (th thng l).................11
14. tang ca cc tn tht (tg) ca t in nhit tng cao
(th in hnh).............................................................................12
15. Th nghim in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc u cc v
thng cha(th nghim in hnh)...............................................13
16. Th xung st gia cc u cc v thng cha (th nghim in
hnh)..............................................................................................13
17. Th nghim phng in ngn mch (th nghim in hnh)14
Phn 3 : Mc cch in
18. Cc mc cch in...................................................................14
Phn 4 : Qu ti
19. in p cc i cho php.........................................................19
20. Dng cc i cho php............................................................20
Phn 5 : Cc yu cu v an ton
21.
22.
23.
24.

Cc trang b phng in.........................................................20

Cc u ni thng cha............................................................20
Bo v mi trng......................................................................21
Cc quy tc an ton khc.........................................................21

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Phn 6 : K hiu
25. K hiu cc t in n nht.................................................21
26. K hiu cc dy t in............................................................22
Phn 7 : Hng dn lp t v vn hnh
27.
28.
29.
30.

Tng qut.................................................................................23
Chn in p nh mc..........................................................23
Nhit vn hnh...................................................................24
Cc iu kin ring..................................................................25

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- 431. Cc qu in p.......................................................................25
32. Cc dng qu ti.......................................................................27
33. Cc my ct v cc trang b bo v........................................28
35. Chn cc ng r.....................................................................30
36. Cc t in c ni vo cc li in vi cc iu khin t xa bng
cc tn s m thanh......................................................................30
Cc ph lc

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- 5U ban k thut in quc t.

__________
Cc t in ni shunt dng cho li in xoay chiu
in p nh mc ln hn 660 V

Phn 1: Tng qut - Cc c tnh lm vic, cc th nghim

v
cc gi tr nh mc Cc quy tc an ton - hng dn lp t v vn hnh
Li ni u
1. Cc quyt nh hoc tho thun chnh thc ca IEC v cc vn k thut c
son tho bi cc u ban k thut, trong c i din ca cc u ban quc gia
c bit quan tm n cc vn ny, th hin s nht tr quc t cao v cc
vn c cp.
2. Cc quyt nh hoc tha thun ny l cc khuyn ngh s dng quc t v
c cc y ban quc gia chp nhn theo ngha .
3. xc tin s thng nht quc t, IEC by t mong mun tt c cc y ban quc
gia nn chp nhn khuyn ngh ca IEC nh cc qui nh quc gia ca mnh trong
chng mc cho php! Bt k s khc bit no gia khuyn ngh ca IEC v qui
nh quc gia, cn c nu r trong chng mc cho php trong cc qui nh ny.

Li ta
Tiu chun ny c son tho bi U ban k thut s 33 ca IEC cc t
in cng sut.
U bn ca tiu chun ny c da vo cc ti liu sau:
Qui tc 6 thng

Bin bn biu
quyt

33 (BC) 70

33 (BC) 79

Thng tin y c th tm thy trong bin bn biu quyt ch

bng trn.
Cc n phm sau y ca IEC c trch dn trong tiu chun ny
Cc n phm s 50 (436): T ng k thut in quc t,
Chng 436: cc t in
cng sut (ng son
tho)
60: K thut th nghim cao p
71: Kt hp cch in
71 - 2 (1976): Phn 1: Cc thut ng, cc nh ngha, cc nguyn tc
v qui tc
71 - 2 (1976): Phn 2: Hng dn p dng
99: Cc chng st
110 (1973): Khuyn ngh lin quan n cc t in i vi cc thit
b pht
nhit cm ng vn hnh cc tn s gia 40 v 24.000
HZ.
143 (1972): Cc t in u ni tip c dng lp t trn cc
li
252 (1975): Cc t in ca cc ng c xoay chiu
358 (1971): Cc t in ghp ni v cc b chia in dung
549 (1976): Cc cu ch cao p i vi bo v bn ngoi ca cc t ni
mch r

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556 (1982): Cc t dng cho cc n ng hunh quang v cc

mch n phng in khc
593 (1977): Cc cu ch bn trong cc b ct qu p sut i vi cc
t ni mch r.

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- 7Cc t in ni shunt dng cho li in xoay chiu
in p nh mc ln hn 660 V
Phn 1: Tng qut - Cc c tnh lm vic, cc th nghim
v
cc gi tr nh mc Cc quy tc an ton - hng dn lp t v vn hnh
_________
Phn on 1 - Tng qut
1. Phm vi p dng
Tiu chun ny p dng cho cc t in n nht v cc dy t in
dng c bit dng hiu chnh h s cng sut ca cc li dng
xoay chiu, in p nh mc ln hn 660 V v tn s nm gia 15
HZ v 60 HZ.
Tiu chun ny cng p dng cho cc t in c dng s dng
i vi vic lc trong cc mch in.
Ghi ch: 1. Ph lc C cho cc nh ngha, cc yu cu v cc th
nghim b xung lin quan n cc t in lc.
2. n phm 593 ca IEC cho cc yu cu b xung p dng cho cc t
in c bo v bng cc cu ch bn trong cng nh cc yu cu
p dng cho cc cu ch ny.
3. Ph lc D cho cc yu cu b xung p dng cho cc t in c bo
v bng cc cu ch bn ngoi cng nh cc yu cu p dng cho cc
cu ch ny.
4. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc t in cao p gm cc t
in h p vi loi in mi kim loi ha t phc hi. n phm XXX
sau ny ca IEC s cho cc nh ngha, cc yu cu v th nghim
b xung p dng cho cc t in t phc hi.
5. Tiu chun ny khng p dng cho cc loi t in sau y:
- Cc t in ni mch r dng lp t trn cc li dng xoay
chiu in p nh mc thp hn hoc bng 660 V (n phm
XXX, ang son tho).
- Cc t in i vi cc thit b pht nhit bng cm ng lm vic
gia 40 HZ v 24.000 HZ (n phm IEC 110)
- Cc t in u ni tip (n phm IEC 143)
- Cc t in p dng cho cc ng c v cc t in tng t
(n phm IEC 252)
- Cc t in ghp ni v cc b chia in dung (n phm IEC
358)
- Cc t in c dng trn cc mch in t cng sut (n phm
YYY ang xem xt)
- Cc t in nh dng xoay chiu dng vi cc n hunh quang v
phng in (n phm IEC 566)
- Cc t in chng nhin in v tuyn (n phm ZZZ ca IEC
ang xem xt)
- Cc t in d kin s dng trn cc loi thit din khc nhau
v c coi nh cc phn t cu thnh.
- Cc t in d kin dng vi in p mt chiu c xp chng trn
in p xoay chiu.

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6. Cc ph tng nh cc cch in, cc b i ni, cc my bin p o lng, cc cu ch bn ngoi, phi tha mn cc yu cu ca cc tiu
chun tng ng ca IEC.

2. Mc ch:
Tiu chun ny c mc ch
a) Cng thc ha cc qui tc ng dng lin quan n cc c tnh
lm vic, cc gi tr nh mc v cc th nghim.
b) Cng thc ha cc qui tc ring v an ton.
c) Cung cp mt hng lp t v vn hnh

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3. Cc nh ngha
i vi mc ch ca tiu chun ny th cc nh ngha sau y c p dng:
3.1. Phn t t in (hoc phn t): c cu c to nn ch yu
bi hai in cc tch bit nhau bng mt cht in mi (IEV436-0103*)
3.2. T in n nht (hoc n v): Tp hp ca mt hoc ca
nhiu phn t t in c t trong cng mt thng cha v c ni
vo cc u cc ra [IEV436-01-04].
3.3. Dy cc t in (hoc b t in): Tp hp cc t in n
nht c ni vi nhau hot ng cng nhau [IEV436-01-06]
3.4. T in: Trong tiu chun ny, thut ng "t in" c s dng
khi khng cn bit chnh xc n l mt t in n nht hay mt
dy cc t in.
3.5. Trang thit b t in: Dy cc t in v cc ph tng ca
chng [IEV436-01-07]
3.6. Trang b phng in ca mt t in: Trang b c th gi
vo trong t in v c th gim in p gia hai u cc thc t
ti khng, trong mt thi gian cho, sau khi t in c ct
in ra khi li [IEV436-03-15 sa i].
3.7. Cu ch bn trong ca mt t in: Cu ch lp bn trong
ca mt n v t in v u ni tip vi mt hoc mt nhm
phn t [IEV436-03-16 sa i].
3.8. Cc u cc ng dy: u cc dng ni vo mt dy
dn ng dy ca mt li in [IEV436-03-01].
Ghi ch - Trong cc t in nhiu pha, u cc d kin ni vo
dy dn trung tnh khng c coi l mt u cc ng dy.
3.9. in dung nh mc ca mt t in (C N): gi tr in
dung t in c thit k [IEV436-01-12].
3.10. Cng sut nh mc ca mt t in (Q N): Cng sut phn
khng bt ngun t cc gi tr nh mc ca in dung, tn s v
in p [IEV436-01-15]
3.11. in p nh mc ca mt t in (U N): gi tr hiu dng
ca in p xoay chiu t in d c thit k [IEV436-01-16].
Ghi ch - Trong trng hp cc t in c to nn ca mt hoc
nhiu mch khc nhau (v d cc t in mt pha dng ni
thnh nhiu pha, hoc cc t nhiu pha vi cc mch tch bit),
th UN s tham lin quan n in p nh mc ca tng
mch

n phm 50 (436) ca IEC (ang son tho)

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i vi cc t in nhiu pha vi cc u ni in bn trong gia cc pha v

cng nh i vi cc dy t nhiu pha, th U N lin quan n in p gia
cc pha.

3.12. Tn s nh mc ca mt t in (f N): tn s t
in c thit k [IEV436-01-14].

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3.13. Dng nh mc ca mt t in (I N): gi tr hiu dng ca

dng xoay chiu t in c thit k [IEV436-01-13].
3.14. Cc tn tht ca mt t in: cng sut tc dng tiu tan trong
t in [IEV436-04-10]
Ghi ch - Tt c cc thnh phn sinh ra tn tht cn phi c tnh n l:
- i vi mt t in n nht, cc tn tht do in mi, cc cu ch
bn trong, cc trang b phng in bn trong, cc mi ni, v.v...
- i vi mt dy cc t in, cc tn tht ca cc t in n nht,
cc cu ch bn ngoi, cc thanh ci, cc in khng phng in v
tt dn, v.v...

3.15. Tang gc cc tn tht (tg ) ca mt t in: T s gia

in tr ni tip tng ng v dung khng ca t in trong cc
iu kin xc nh ca tn s v in p xoay chiu hnh sin
[IEV436-04-11].
3.16. in p cc i cho php ca mt t in: gi tr hiu
dng cc i ca in p xoay chiu m t in c th chu c
trong mt thi gian xc nh trong cc iu kin c quy nh
[IEV436-04-07].
3.17. Dng cc i cho php ca mt t in: gi tr hiu
dng cc i ca dng xoay chiu m t in c th chu c
trong mt thi gian xc nh trong cc iu kin quy nh
[IEV436-04-09].
3.18. Nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh: nhit
khng kh ni d kin t t in.
3.19. Nhit khng kh lm mt: nhit khng kh lm
mt o trng thi n nh ni nng nht ca dy t, na khong
gia hai t in. Nu ch c mt t in th nhit o l
im gn 0,1 m cch xa thng cha t v 2/3 cao k t y
t.
3.20. Trng thi n nh: Cn bng nhit t c bi t in
lm vic trong cc iu kin khng i v cng sut v nhit
khng kh mi trng xung quanh.
3.21. in p d: in p cn li gia cc u cc ca mt t in
trong mt thi gian nht nh sau khi ct in t.
4. Cc iu kin lm vic
4.1. Cc iu kin lm vic bnh thng
Tiu chun ny cho cc yu cu p dng cho cc t in s dng
trong cc iu kin sau:
a. in p d lc ng in
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- 12 in p ny khng c ln hn 10% in p nh mc (xem iu
21, iu 31 v ph lc A)
b. cao lp t
Khng c vt qu 1000 m

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c. Cp nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh

Cc t in c phn loi theo cc cp nhit , mi cp c quy
nh bi mt con s theo sau bi mt ch. S biu th gi tr thp
nht ca nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh t in c
th lm vic c.
Cc ch biu th cc gi tr bn trn ca cc dy thay i nhit , c
cc gi tr cc i c quy nh trong bng 1. Cc cp nhit bao
hm mt dy t - 50C ti +55C.
nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh thp nht t in c
th lm vic c cn chn t 5 gi tr thch hp nht l +5C, -5C,
-25C, -40C, -50C.
i vi vic s dng trong nh th gii hn thp hn -5C thng c p
dng
Ghi ch: Vi s nht tr ca nh ch to, t in c th c s dng
mt nhit thp hn cc gii hn trn, vi iu kin l khi ng
in xy ra nhit bng hoc trn cc gii hn ny (tiu iu
29.1)
Bng 1 da vo cc iu kin lm vic t in khng nh hng
ti nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh (v d cc trang thit b
ngoi tri).
Bng 1
K hiu

Nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh oC

Cc i

Trung bnh cao nht qua tt c cc thi gian ca

24 gi
mt nm

40

30

20

45

35

25

50

40

30

55

45

35

Ghi ch
Cc gi tr nhit tng ng bng 1 c th tm thy trong cc bng kh tng
nhng ni lp t

Nu t in tc ng mt nh hng v nhit mi trng khng

kh xung quanh th vic thng gi v/hoc vic chn t in phi
nh th no nhit khng kh lm mt trong thit b khng vt qu cc gii hn ch trong bng 1 qu 5C.

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- 14 Bt k kt hp ca cc gi tr cc tiu v cc i c th c chn
i vi cp nhit cu mt t in, v d: -40/A hoc -5/C, cc
cp nhit tiu chun thch hp nht l:
-40/A, -25/A, -5/A v -5/C
4.2. Cc iu kin lm vic khng bnh thng
Tr phi c s thng nht khc gia nh ch to v ngi mua, tiu
chun ny khng p dng cho cc t in c cc iu kin lm
vic, ni chung, khng thch ng vi cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny.

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- 15 Phn on 2: Cc yu cu cht lng v th nghim
5. Cc yu cu lin quan n cc th nghim
5.1. Tng qut
Tiu chun ny ch nh cc yu cu lin quan n cc th nghim
cc t in n nht.
Cc gi cch in, cc b i ni, cc my bin p o lng, cc
cu ch bn ngoi, v.v... phi ph hp vi cc tiu chun tng ng ca
IEC.
5.2. Cc iu kin th nghim
Tr phi c quy nh tri ngc, i vi mt th nghim hoc mt o lng c bit th nhit ca cht in mi ca t in phi nm
gia +5C v + 35C.
Khi phi p dng mt s hiu chnh, th nhit tham chiu phi bng
+20%, tr phi c quy c khc gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
C th cho php nhit cht in mi t in n nht l ging
nh nhit ca khng kh mi trng xung quanh, min sao l t
in c trng thi khng ng in nhit mi trng
xung quanh khng i trong mt thi gian thch hp.
Cc th nghim v o lng bng dng xoay chiu phi c thc hin
tn s 50 HZ hoc 60HZ, c lp vi tn s nh mc ca t in,
nu khng c quy nh khc.
6. Phn loi cc th nghim
Cc th nghim c phn loi thnh cc th nghim thng l, cc
th nghim in hnh v cc th nghim chp nhn.
6.1. Cc th nghim thng l
a) o in dung (xem iu 7).
b) o tang ca gc tn tht (tg ) ca t in (xem iu 8).
c) Th chu in p (xem iu 9).
d) Th in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc tn cc v thng
cha (xem iu10)
e) Th trang b phng in bn trong (xem iu 11).
f) Th kn (xem iu 12).
Cc th nghim thng l phi c thc hin bi nh ch to trn tng
t in trc khi giao hng. V yu cu , mt bin bn th nghim phi
cung cp cho ngi mua.
Th t thc hin cc th nghim trn l khng bt buc.
Ghi ch: Nu c s ng gia nh ch to v ngi mua th mt th nghim phng
in ngn mch c th thuc hin nh mt th nghim thng l. Cc thng s th
nghim cng phi cng nhau nht tr.

6.2. Cc th nghim in hnh

a) Th nghim n nh nhit ( bn nhit)(xem iu 13).
b) tang ca cc tn tht (tg ) ca t in nhit tng
cao (xem iu 14).
c) Th nghim in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc u cc
v thng cha (xem 15)
d) Th xung st gia cc u cc v thng cha (xem iu 16).
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- 16 e) Th phng in ngn mch (xem iu 17)
Cc th nghim in hnh c thc hin m bo v mt thit
k cc kch thc, cc vt liu v vic ch to t in l ph hp vi cc
c tnh v cc yu cu lm vic ring c xc nh trong tiu
chun ny.
Tr phi c quy nh tri ngc, mi t in trn cc th nghim
in hnh phi thc hin, u tin phi chu c mt cch tho
mn tt c cc th nghim thng l.
Cc th nghim in hnh phi c thc hin trn cc t in thit
k v ch to ging nh: thit k v ch to ca t in c c cung
cp hoc trn cc t in thit k v ch to khng c ci g
khc lm nh hng n c c tnh c kim tra bi cc th
nghim in hnh.
Khng phi tt c cc th nghim in hnh u phi thc hin trn
cng mt t in, chng c th thc hin trn cc t in khc nhau
c cng cc c tnh.
Cc th nghim in hnh phi do nh ch to thc hin v theo yu
cu phi cung cp cho ngi mua mt giy xc nhn cho cc kt qu
chi tit ca cc th nghim.
6.3. Th nghim chp nhn
Cc th nghim thng l v/hoc in hnh, hoc mt s trong
chng c th c lp li bi nh ch to theo cc qui nh nu c ca
hp ng bi s nht tr vi ngi mua. S cc mu th chu lp li ca
cc th nghim nh th v cc tiu chun chp nhn phi tu thuc vo
nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua v phi c cp trong hp
ng.
7. o in dung (th nghim thng l)
7.1. Cc th thc o
in dung phi c vi mt in p gia 0,9 v 1,1 ln in p
nh mc, bng cch dng mt phng php cho php trnh c cc sai
s do cc sng iu ha.
C th thc hin cc php o mt in p khc min l cc h s
hiu chnh thch hp phi c nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
o in dung cui cng phi c thc hin sau khi th nghim in p
(iu 9 v 10).
lm ni bt mt thay i c th ca in dung, v d do chc
thng ca mt phn t hoc do h hng ca mt cu ch bn trong, ta
phi thc hin mt php o in dung trc tt c cc th nghim
thng l in khc. Php o trc tin ny phi thc hin vi mt in
p c gim khng qu 0,15 UN.
chnh xc ca phng php o phi cho php tn trng cc dung sai
ch tiu iu 7.2. Nu c s nht tr th mt chnh xc cao
hn c th c yu cu v trong trng hp ny, nh ch to phi k
khai chnh xc ca phng php o c s dng.
Vic lp li phng php o phi cho php l ni bt mt phn t b
chc thng hoc mt cu ch bn trong tc ng.
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Ghi ch: 1. Vi cc t nhiu pha, in p o phi c iu chnh c c

mt in p bng 0,9 ti 1,1 ln in p nh mc cc u cc
ca mi phn t.
2. Vi s thng nht, nh ch to phi cung cp cc ng cong hoc cc
bng ch:
- in dung trong cc iu kin trng thi n nh cng sut nh
mc theo nhit mi trng xung quanh nm trong cc gii hn ca
cp nhit .
- in dung theo nhit ca in mi nm trong cc gii hn ca cp
nhit .

7.2. Cc dung sai v in dung:

in dung phi khng c khc vi in dung nh mc qu:
- 5% ti +15% i vi cc t n nht v cc dy t cha mt t
theo pha.
- 5% ti +10% i vi cc dy t c cng sut nh mc tng nh
hn hoc bng 3 MVar
- 0% ti +10% i vi cc dy t c cng sut nh mc tng nm
gia 3 MVar v 30 MVar.
0% ti +5% i vi cc dy t c cng sut nh mc tng ln
hn 30 MVar.

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- 18 Gi tr in dung l in dung c o trong cc iu kin ca tiu
iu 7.1.
i vi cc t hoc cc dy t 3 pha th t s gia cc gi tr cc i
v cc tiu ca in dung o gia hai u cc ng dy no
khng c vt qu 1,08.
Ghi ch:
1. i vi cc dung sai, xem c iu 31.5
2. Ph lc A cho mt cng thc tnh cng sut ca mt t 3 pha t cc php
o in dung mt pha.
3. i vi cc dy t c cng sut nh mc tng ln hn 3 MVAr th nh ch
to v ngi mua c th nht r vi nhau v cc dung sai hp hn i vi cng
sut v cc t s in dung pha.
4. Trong cc dy t ni theo hnh sao vi trung tnh cch in, c th mong
mun cc t s gia cc gi tr cc i v cc tiu ca cc in dung pha nh
hn, xem tiu iu 31.5.

8. o tang ca cc tn tht (tg) ca t in (th nghim

thng l):
8.1. Cc th thc o:
Cc tn tht ca t in (hoc tg) phi c o vi mt in p
nm gia 0,9 v 1,1 ln in p nh mc, phng php s dng phi
cho php trnh c cc sai s do cc sng iu ho. chnh xc ca
phng php o cng nh s tng quan vi cc gi tr o c in p
v tn s nh mc phi c ghi li.
Ghi ch:
1.Vi cc t in nhiu pha, in p o phi c iu chnh th no bng 0,9
ti 1,1 ln in p nh mc cc u cc ca mi phn t.
2. Gi tr tg ca mt s loi in mi l mt hm s ca thi gian ng in tr c
khi o.

8.2. Cc yu cu lin quan n cc tn tht

Cc yu cu lin quan n cc tn tht ca cc t in c th l ni
dung ca mt s thng nht gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
Gi tr ca cc tn tht l gi tr c o trong cc iu kin ca tiu
iu 8.1.
Ghi ch: Vi s nht tr, nh ch to s phi cung cp cc ng cong hoc cc bng
ch s thay i cc tn tht ca t in (hoc ca tg) trong cc iu kin
trng thi n nh cng sut nh mc theo nhit mi trng xung quanh
trong cc gii hn ca cp nhit .

9. Th nghim in p (th nghim thng l):

Mi t in phi chu trong 10 giy vi cc iu kin th nghim
ca tiu iu 9.1 hoc vi cc iu kin ca tiu iu 9.2. Khi
khng c mt s nht tr th vic chn l dnh cho nh ch to.
Trong khi th nghim phi khng xy ra bt k s chc thng hoc
nh la no.
9.1 Th bng dng xoay chiu
Th bng dng xoay chiu phi c thc hin vi mt in p thc
hnh sin bng gi tr: Ut = 2,15 UN
Nc M s dng Ut = 2,0 UN
Ghi ch:
1. Cc nc khc c th s dng Ut = 2,0UN ch nu c s nht tr gia ngi mua v
nh ch to.

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- 19 -

2. Nu cc t b th nghim li sau khi giao hng th mt in p bng 75% U t c khuyn ngh i vi ln th th 2 ny.
3. Vi cc t nhiu pha, in p th phi c iu chnh c mt gi tr
thch hp cc u cc ca mi phn t.
4. Cc t t c cc cu ch bn trong v nm trong cc dung sai in dung mc
d mt hoc nhiu cu ch phn t tc ng ch c th phn phi sau khi c s
nht tr gia ngi mua v nh ch to.
5. Khi tng tr ca cc t n nht hoc ca cc dy t, c trung tnh c ni
vi t l qu ln sa i c hiu qu cc qu in p ca l i v cc dy t
khng c bo v theo cc qui nh ca cc tiu iu 31.2 v 34.2 th in
p th t vo cc t phi bng in p th nghim chu ng tn s cng
nghip thch hp ly trong cc bng IIIA, IIIB, v IV. Nu cc t trong dy t c u ni tip th in p th phi c gi t l thch ng.

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- 20 -

9.2. Th bng dng mt chiu

in p th phi c gi tr Ut = 4,3 UN
Ghi ch:
1 - Xem tiu iu 9.1, ghi ch 2
2. Xem tiu iu 9.1, ghi ch 3
3. Xem tiu iu 9.1, ghi ch 4
4. Xem tiu iu 9.1, ghi ch 5, tuy nhin in p th l mt
chiu v c mt gi tr bng 2,0 ln (4,3/2,15) gi tr theo ghi
ch 5 ca tiu iu 9.1.
10. Th nghim in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc u
cc v thng cha (th nghim thng l)
Cc t in n nht c tt c cc u cc cch in vi thng cha
phi chu trong mt thi gian bng 10 giy vi mt in p th t
vo gia cc u cc (c ni vi nhau) v thng cha.
Gi tr in p th phi c chn theo cc qui nh ca iu 18.
Trong khi th nghim, khng c xy ra bt k chc thng hoc nh
la.
Th nghim ny phi c thc hin mc d trong trng hp mt
trong cc u cc c d kin ni vi thng cha trong khi lm vic.
Cc t in c mt u cc c ni thng xuyn vi thng cha khng
phi chu th nghim ny.
Cc t vi cc pha tch bit phi chu cc th nghim in p gia cc
pha ca cng gi tr nh i vi th nghim gia cc u cc v thng
cha.
11. Th nghim trang b phng in bn trong (th nghim
thng l)
in tr ca trang b phng in bn trong, nu c d kin, phi c
kim tra bng vic o in tr ny (iu 21 v ph lc A).
Phng php c th do nh ch to chn.
Th nghim phi c thc hin sau th nghim in p iu 9.
12. Th nghim kn (th thng l)
T in khng c ng in phi c xy nng y sao cho
trong vng ti thiu trong 2 gi tt c cc b phn ca n t c mt
nhit ln hn ti thiu 20oC ca gi tr cc i bng 1.
Khng c xy ra bt k r d no
Khuyn ngh s dng mt b pht hin r d thch hp
13. Th n nh nhit ( bn nhit) (th thng l)
13.1 Tng qut
Th nghim ny c dng :
a) xc nh bn nhit ca t trong ch qu ti.
b) t t trong cc iu kin cho php thc hin php o cc tn
tht ti sinh.
13.2 Cc th thc o
T in n nht chu th nghim phi c t gia hai t in
khc cng cc gi tr nh mc v c ng in cng in p nh
t c th nghim. Cch khc, c th s dng hai t in gi to cha
cc in tr. Cng sut tiu hao bi cc in tr ny phi c iu
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- 21 chnh th no nhit ca thng cha cc t gi to gn cc
i din phi bng hoc ln hn cc nhit ca t in c th
nghim. khong khng gia.cc t

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- 22 phi nh hn hoc bng khong khng bnh thng. Trong khng kh
tnh trong mt khoang xy nng, mt v tr nhit khng thun li
nht theo cc ch dn ca nh ch to i vi vic lp t ti ch.
Nhit khng kh mi trng xung quanh phi duy tr hoc trn
nhit thch hp ch trong bng 2. o nhit bng mt nhit k
c mt hng s thi gian nhit khong 1 gi. Nhit k phi c mt
mn chn ch nhn c ti thiu c th bc x nhit ca ba mu
c ng in.
Bng 2
K hiu

Nhit khng kh xung quanh oC

40

45

50

55

Dung sai v nhit 2oC

T in c th nghim phi chu mt dng xoay chiu c dng sng

thc hnh sin trong mt thi gian ti thiu 48 gi, mt in p xoay
chiu c dng thc hnh sin khng i trong sut thi gian th
nghim. Gi tr ny c tnh t in dung o c (tiu iu 7.1)
thu c mt cng sut tnh ton ca t in bng 1,44 ln cng
sut nh mc.
Trong 6 gi sau cng, nhit phi o ti thiu 4 ln gn np thng.
Trong thi gian 6 gi ny, tng nhit khng c vt qu 1oC.
Nu quan st thy c mt s thay i ln hn th th nghim c th
c tip tc cho n khi cc yu cu trn c tha mn i vi 4 ln
o lin tip trong mt thi gian 6 gi khc.
in dung phi o trc v sau khi th nghim (tiu mc 7.1) trong cc
gii hn ca dy nhit theo tiu mc 5.2 v hai php o ny c
hiu chnh i vi cng nhit ca cht in mi. Hiu s gia hai
gi tr in dung o phi nh hn mt lng tng ng vi s chc
thng ca mt phn t hoc tc ng ca mt cu ch bn trong.
Phi tnh n hai yu t sau y gii thch cc kt qu ca cc
php o:
- Kh nng ti to ca cc php o
- S thc l cc bin i bn trong ca cht in mi c ko theo
mt thay i nh ca in dung, khng c s chc thng bt k
phn t no ca t in hoc tc ng ca mt cu ch bn trong.
Ghi ch
1 - Khi kim tra xem cc iu kin nhit c tha mn th cn phi xt
n cc dao ng in p, tn s v nhit khng kh lm mt trong khi
th nghim. i vi l do ny, khuyn ngh vch cc ng cong ca cc thng
s ny v tng nhit ca thng cha theo thi gian.
2 - Cc t n nht d kin lp t tn s 60 Hz, c th c th nghim
50 Hz v cc t in dng cho cc trang thit b 500 Hz c th c th
nghim 60 Hz, min l cng sut nh mc phi c tn trng. i vi cc t
dng lm vic di 50 Hz, th cc iu kin th nghim phi c thng
nht gia ngi mua v nh ch to.

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- 23 14. tang ca cc tn tht (t) ca t in nhit tng
cao (th in hnh)
14.1. Cc th thc o
Cc tn tht ca t in (t) phi c o cui th nghim bn
nhit (xem iu 13). Gi tr in p o phi l gi tr c s dng
i vi th nghim bn nhit (n nh nhit).

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14.2. Cc yu cu

- 24 -

Gi tr ca t o c theo cc gi tr ca tiu iu 14.1 phi khng

c vt qu gi tr khai bi nh ch to, hoc gi tr qui nh bi s
thng nht gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
15. Th nghim in mi bng dng xoay chiu gia cc u
cc v thng cha(th nghim in hnh)
Cc t in n nht c cc u cc c cch in vi thng cha
v phi chu mt th nghim vi thi gian 1 pht theo cc qui nh
ca iu 18.
i vi cc t c mt u cc i ni thng xuyn vi thng cha th
cc th nghim phi c gii hn ti cc s xuyn v thng cha (khng
c cc phn t).
Cc th nghim c thc hin trng thi kh i vi cc t tng nh
v di ma nhn to i vi cc t n nht t ngoi tri (xem n
phm IEC 60: k thut cc th nghim cao p).
i vi cc th nghim di ma nhn to th v tr ca cc x xuyn
phi tng ng vi v tr m chng t trong vn hnh.
Trong khi th nghim, khng c xy ra bt k chc thng hoc nh
la kh
Ghi ch - Cc t in dng lp t ngoi tri c th ch chu
mt th nghim kh nu nh ch to c th cung cp mt bin bn
th nghim in hnh tch ring ch rng cc s xuyn s chu th
nghim di ma trong mt pht. i vi th nghim in hnh ny th
v tr ca cc s xuyn phi tng ng vi v tr m chng t trong
vn hnh.
16. Th xung st gia cc u cc v thng cha (th nghim
in hnh)
Th nghim ny p dng cc t in p ng cc iu kin sau:
- Cc t c cc u cc c cch in vi thng cha v d nh
ni vi cc ng dy trn khng th phi th nghim theo cc qui
nh ca tiu iu 16.1.
- Cc t c mt u cc c ni vo thng cha v cc t khng dng
ni vi cc ng dy trn khng ch phi th trn mt t mu
theo cc qui nh ca tiu iu 16.2.
Th nghim xung st phi thc hin theo cc qui nh ca n phm
60 ca IEC, nhng vi dng sng bng (1,2 ti 5)/50 s v mt gi tr
nh tng ng vi mc cch in ca t theo cc qui nh ca iu
18.
S khng c h hng hoc chc thng cc b trong khi th nghim
phi c kim tra bng dao ng k tia in t (catt) ghi in
p v kim tra dng sng.
16.1 Th nghim trn t tiu chun
t vo gia cc s xuyn c ni vi nhau v vi thng cha, 15 xung
cc tnh dng tip theo 15 xung cc tnh m.
Sau khi i cc tnh, cho php t vo mt s xung c bin
thp hn trc khi t cc xung m.
T in c coi l qua c th nghim nu:
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- khng xy ra nh thng

- 25 -

- khng xy ra qu hai tia la mi cc tnh

- dng sng khng th hin s khng ng u hoc nu dng sng
c ghi in p gim (tc l 50% ti 70% in p th nghim)
khng khc qu in p ghi c in p th nghim.
Cch khc, t tiu chun phi chu 3 xung dng t vo gia cc s
xuyn ni vi nhau v vi thng cha. Cc tiu chun xc nh trn cc
gi tr chp nhn loi tr tiu chun khng tia la c cho php.

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- 26 16.2 Th nghim trn mt t mu
T mu phi bao gm cc s xuyn c cc dy u ni bn trong c
cch in tiu chun; t phi c y cht tm nhng khng cha
bt k phn t no. Dy u ni bn trong cc s xuyn c th c
un cong thnh hnh ch u gia cc x xuyn hoc c trang b mt
c cu lm gim cc ng lc in.
T mu phi c th nghim v chp nhn theo cc qui nh ca tiu
iu 16.1
17. Th nghim phng in ngn mch (th nghim in
hnh)
T in phi c np bng dng mt chiu, sau phng in qua
mt khe h t cng gn t in cng tt. T phi chu 5 ln phng
in nh th trong 10 pht.
in p th phi bng 2,5UN
Trong 5 pht sau th nghim ny, t phi chu mt th nghim chu
in p gia cc u cc (iu 9)
in dung phi o trc th nghim phng in v o li sau th
nghim in p. Hiu s gia hai gi tr o ny phi nh hn s lng
tng ng vi chc thng mt phn t hoc tc ng ca mt cu ch
bn trong.
Ghi ch: Th nghim phng in c mc ch l lm ni bt cc mt
yu ca cc mi ni bn trong.
Phn on 3 - Cc mc cch in
18. Cc mc cch in
18.1. Cc gi tr tiu chun
Cc mc cch in ca cc t n nht v ca cc trang thit b t
phi c chn t cc mc tiu chun c quy nh bi n phm
IEC71-1
Cc gi tr c tiu chun ho ca in p cao nht i vi thit b
c chia thnh 3 dy.
- Dy A - in p thp hn 52 kV. Cc gi tr quy nh trong n phm
71-1 ca IEC c b sung bng 2 gi tr in p cao nht i vi
thit b (1,2 kV v 2,4 kV) cho trong bng IIIA (thc t thng thng
trong phn ln cc nc chu u v mt s nc khc)
Cc gi tr da vo thc t thng thng trong mt s nc Bc M v
cc nc khc cho trong bng IIIB i vi cc in p ti 52 kV
- Dy B - T 52 kV ti nh hn 300 kV. Cc gi tr quy nh t n phm
IEC71-1 cho trong bng IV

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- 27 - Dy C - 300 kV v trn 300 kV. Cc gi tr quy nh t n phm
IEC71-1 cho trong bng V
18.2. Cc mc cch in ca cc t n nht
i vi cc mc cch in ca cc t n nht c lp trn cc li mt
pha xem tiu iu 18.4.

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- 28 18.2.1. Cc t ton b cch in vi thng cha
Cc t in c thng cha c ni vi t v c mt s xuyn ni vo
in th ng dy (mt hoc cc s xuyn khc c ni vo ng
dy v/hoc vo trung tnh cch in) phi c mt mc cch in
ph hp vi cc quy nh ca cc bng IIIA hoc IIIB
Ghi ch - Cng yu cu ny cng p dng cho cc t c u ni tip c cc thng cha
c ni t.

18.2.2 Cc t in c cc thng cha c cch in vi t

Tiu iu ny p dng cho cc t in t trn cc b cch in
trong cc dy c trung tnh c cch in hoc ni vi t
in p th nghim tn s cng nghip ca cch in so vi thng
cha phi c tnh theo cng thc sau:
U t 2,15U N n

y:
Ut = in p th tn s cng nghip
UN = in p nh mc ca t in
n = s t in u ni tip so vi cc b kim loi cc thng cha
c ni (v d: n = 3 i vi 6 t c u ni tip trn mt b vi
in gia c ni vo b ny)
Cng mc in p th nghim c s dng nh mt yu cu ti thiu
i vi cc thanh gp v cc cch in giu cc b c ni vi mt
hoc cc t in (xem tiu iu 18.3.2)
Ghi ch: Nu b khng c ni vi mt dy dn m bo u ni cc t in th
in p th tn s cng nghip Ut phi c nht tr.

18.3. Cc dy cc t in ni hnh sao hoc tam gic

18.3.1. Cch in vi t (ch i vi cc dy t c trung tnh cch
in)
Dy t phi hon ton cch in vi t theo cc quy nh ca cc
bng IIIA, IIIB, IV hoc V
18.3.2. Cch in tng pha ca mt dy cc t in
Mi cch in gia cc b phn ca mt pha hoc cch in vi t
ca ton b pha ca dy t phi c mt mc c xc nh theo cng
thc ca tiu mc 18.2.2. Tuy nhin, n trong trng hp ny tng ng vi
s cc t nm trong cc gii hn ca cch in ny.
Ghi ch: Khi cc cun khng gim dn c u ni tip vi dy t, hc
im trung tnh c ni t hc c cch in hc vo cc u
ni ng dy th mc cch in ca chng phi bng vi mc cch
in ca li cung cp.
18.3.3. Cch in gia cc pha ca dy cc t in
Mc cch in gia cc h (cc t, cc u ni, v.v...) lp trn cc
pha khc nhau phi c thit k th no c mt t l thch hp
ca cch in tng.

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- 29 Ghi ch. Nu cc cun khng gim dn c u ni nh m t
trong ghi ch ca tiu iu 18.3.2 th cch in gia cc pha cn
phi khng c suy km.
18.4. Cc t v/hoc cc dy t in ni vi cc pha n
Cc t v/hoc cc dy t c ni vi cc pha n phi c cc mc
cch in ca chng c chn nh sau:
18.4.1. Ni vo hai ng dy ca mt li 3 pha
Cc mc cch in, cc in p th v.v... phi c chn nh i vi mt
dy t 3 pha y .

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- 30 18.4.2. Ni vo mt li ng c mt pha
C hai kh nng
- i vi cc u ni gia ng dy v t, th cc mc cch in ca
cc t hc ca cc dy t phi c chn nh vn ca mt pha gia ng dy v t ca lii in mt pha.
- i vi cc u ni gia cc in th c cch ly vi t th cc mc
cch in ca cc t hoc cc dy t phi nh nhau nh i vi cc c
ca cc pha ca mt c ni tam gic trong mt li 3 pha.
Bng IIIA
Cc mc cch in tiu chun i vi Um52 kV

Loi I (theo thc t thng thng trong hu ht cc nc Chu u v trong mt s nc

khc
)in p cao nht
i vi thit b Um
(hiu dng)

in p nh mc chu xung st (nh)

lit k 1
lit k 2

kV
1,2
2,4
3,6
7,2
12
17,5
24
36
(1)

kV
20
40
60
75
95
145

kV
25 (1)
35 (1)
40
60
75
95
125
170

in p nh mc
chu ngn hn tn
s cng nghip (hiu
dng)
kV
6
8
10
20
28
38
50
70

khng p dng cho cc mch khng h

C th chn gia cc gi tr ca lit k 1 v lit k 2 c tnh trn

cc thng tin cho trong cc an phm 71-1 v 71-2 ca IEC

Bng IIIB
Cc mc cch in tiu chun i vi Um52 kV
Loi II (theo thc t thng thng trong mt s nc Bc M v cc nc
khc
in p cao nht i vi
thit b Um (hiu dng

in p nh mc chu
xung st (nh)

in p nh mc chu
ngn hn tn s cng
nghip (hiu dng)

kV

kV

kV

1.30

30(1)

2.75

45(1)

13

5.5

75

24

15.5

95

30

19.8

125

36

27.5

150

50

38.0

200

70

48.3

250

95

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1)

- 31 Khng p dng cho cc mch khng c h

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- 32 Bng IV

Cc mc cch in tiu chun i vi 52kVUm300 kV

1
in p cao nht
i vi thit b Um

3
in p nh mc
chu xung st

4
in p nh mc
chu ngn hn tn
s cng nghip

(nh)

(hiu dng)

kV
52

2
C s ca cc gi tr
theo n v nh
mc (p.u)
2
Um
3
(nh)
kV
42.5

kV
250

kV
95

72.5

59

325

140

123

100

450

185

145

118

550

230

170

139

650

275

245

200

750

325

850

360

950

395

1050

460

(hiu dng)

Bng ny lin kt vi mt hc nhiu mc cch in c khuyn ngh

i vi mi gi tr tiu chun cao nht i vi thit b.
Khng c s dng cc in p th nghim trung gian
Trong cng mt li in, c th tn ti cc mc cch in khc nhau
theo cc trang thit b nm cc ni khc nhau hoc cc thit b
khc nhau nm trong cng trang thit b. i vi vic la chn cch
in c cho bi mc lin quan ti cc iu kin c bit ca trang
thit b, xem n phm IEC71.

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- 33 Bng V
Cc mc cch in tiu chun i vi Um 300 kV

1
in p cao
nht i vi
thit b

kV

C s ca cc in p nh mc chu
T s gia cc
in p
gi tr theo
xung st thao tc (nh) in p nh mc nh mc
n v nh
chu xung st v chu xung
mc (p.u)
xung thao tc
st (nh)
(nh)
2
Um
3
kV

p.u

kV

3.06

750

kV
1.13

300

245

3.47
2.86
362

296

343

765

950

1050

1050

1.24
1.12
1.24

1175
1300

1.11

429

625

950

1.24
1.11

3.06
2.45

525

850

850

1.27
1.12

3.21
2.76

420

2.74

1175

2.08

1300

2.28

1425

2.48

1550

1.36
1.21
1.10
1.32
1.19
1.09
1.38
1.26
1.16
1.26
1.47
1.55

1425
1550
1800
1950
2100
2400

Ghi ch: 1- Vic trao i la chn cc in p chu xung theo tc nh mc s

c tm ra trong ln xut bn th 2 ca n phm IEC71-2.
2. Vic chn dy cc in p nh mc chu xung st bng V lin kt vi
mt gi tr t c bit ca in p nh mc chu xung thao tc
c thit lp theo cc xem xt sau y:
a. Hai gi tr thp nht ca in p chiu xung st p dng cho cc
trang thit b c bo v bng cc chng st.
Hai gi tr ny c chn c tnh n t s cc mc bo v v
chng cc xung st v bo v xung thao tc c th t c vi cc
chng st v b sung theo cc l thch hp, c th rt cn thit khi
xem xt nh hng ln hn ca khong cch tch bit cc chng st
v cc trang thit b c bo v mc bo v cth t c i vi
cc xung st so vi cng mc vi cc xung thao tc.
b. i vi cc trang thit b khng c bo v bng cc chng st (hoc
khng c bo v c hiu qu) th ch c gi tr cao nht ca cc
in p xung st l c s dng. Cc gi tr ln nht ny c da trn t

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- 34 -

s thng thu c gia cc in p chu xung st v xung thao tc i

vi cch in bn ngoi ca trang thit b (tc l cc my ct, cc dao
cch ly, cc my bin p o lng v.v...).

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- 35 -

Cc gi tr ny c chn th no vic thit k cch in s c

xc nh ch yu bi kh nng cch in bn ngoi chu cc in
p th nghim cc xung thao tc.
c. Trong mt s cc trng hp cc hn, d kin mt gi tr cao hn i vi
in p chu xung st. Gi tr ny c chn trong dy cc gi tr tiu
chun ch trong n phm IEC71-1.

Phn on 4: Cc qu ti

19. in p cc i cho php

19.1. Cc in p thi gian di
Cc t in n nht phi c th s dng cc mc in p theo
bng VI (xem c iu 28 v 31)
Bng VI
Loi

H s in p
x UN hiu dng

Thi gian
cc i

Tn s cng nghip

1,0

Lin tc

Tn s cng nghip

1,10

Tn s cng nghip

1,15

30 pht
trong tng
24 gi

iu chnh v dao ng in p
li

Tn s cng nghip

1,20

5 pht

Tng in p ph ti nh (xem
iu 28)

Tn s cng nghip

1,30

1 pht

Tn s cng nghip
cng vi sng iu
ha

Nhn xt
Gi tr trung bnh cao nht trong
mt thi gian no t c
ng in. i vi cc thi gian
ng in di 24 gi th p dng
cc gi tr cho di (xem iu 28)

12 gi trong iu chnh v dao ng in p

tng 24 gi
li

Gi tr nh gi tr dng khng c vt qu gi tr cho trong iu

20
(xem c cc iu 32 v 33

Cc bin ca cc qu in p c th c php nu khngc h

hng ng k cc t in ph thuc vo thi gian ca chng, s
tng ca chng v vo nhit cc t in. Tha nhn l cc qu
in p ch bng VI v c mt gi tr ln hn 1,15 U N c th xy ra
khng qu 200 ln trong sut tui th ca t in.
19.2 Cc in p thao tc
in p d c trn mt t in trc khi ng in t khng c vt qu
10% gi tr in p nh mc ca n (tiu iu 4.1a). Vic ng
in mt dy t bng mt my ct khng c mi li thng ko theo
mt qu in p qu c nh u tin khng c vt qu 2 2 ln
in p t vo (gi tr hiu dng) trong mt thi gian cc i ca
mt na chu k.

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- 36 Tha nhn rng cc t in c th ng ct 1000 ln trong mt nm
di cc iu kin ny. (nh qu dng lin kt c th t ti 100 ln I N
(xem tiu iu 32.2)

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- 37 -

Trong trng hp cc t in c ng ct thng xuyn hn th

cc gi tr bin v thi gian ca cc qu in p cng nh cc qu
in p qu phu c gii hn ti cc mc thp hn. Cc gii hn
ny v/hoc cc gim nh phi c nht tr ghi li trong hp ng.
20. Dng cc i cho php
Cc t in n nht phi thch hp i vi vn hnh lin tc mt
dng hiu dng bng 1,30 ln dng sinh ra bi in p hnh sinh
nh mc v tn s nh mc, loi tr cc qu . Tu thuc vo gi
tr thc t ca in dung, c th l mt cc i bng 1,15 C N, dng
cc i c th t ti 1,5 IN (iu 32).
Cc h s qu dng c dng c tnh n cc tc ng kt hp do cc
sng iu ho v cc qu in p ln ti v bng 1,10U N, theo cc quy
nh ca tiu iu 19.1

Phn on 5 - Cc quy tc an ton

21. Cc trang b phng in
Mi t in n nht phi c lp t mt trang b cho php
phng in ti mt in p nh hn hoc bng 75V t mt in p
nh ban u bng ln in p nh mc UN.
Quy tc ny p dng cho cc dy t c in p nh mc nh hn v
bng 25 kV. Thi gian phng in cc i l 10 pht i vi cc t
in cng nh i vi cc dy t.
Phi khng c bt k dao ct, cu ch hoctang b phn on no
gia t in n nht v/hoc dy t v trang b phng in xc
nh trn.
Vic s dng mt trang b phng in khng thay th vic t cc
u cc ngn mch vi nhau v vi t trc khi thao tc.
Ghi ch: 1. Mt t in ni trc tip vo mt thit b in, m bo s
phng in ca n c coi nh c phng in mt cachs thch hp nu cc
c tnh ca mch tho mn cc quy tc phng.
2. Thi gian phng in bng 10 pht theo dy t ti 25 kV, i hi mt thi
gian phng in ngn hn 10 pht i vi cc t n nht khi dy t bao
gm cc t u ni tip.
3. i vi cc dy t c in p nh mc ln hn 25 kV, trong cc t th ng
c u ni tip th in p cc u cc c th ln hn 75 kV sau 10 pht
phng in, do hiu ng tch lu cc in p d ca mi t in. Thi gian
phng in ti 75 V i vi dy t s c k khai bi nh ch to trong thng
bo ch dn hoc trn tm bn nhn.
4. Trong mt s nc, cc thi gian phng in v in p nh c i hi.
Trong trng hp ny, ngi s dng phi thng tin cho nh ch to.
5. Cc mch phng in phi c in dung mang dng phng t in
t mt qu in p nh bng 1,3UN theo cc quy nh ca iu 19.
6. Mt s c in trong mt t in c bo v bng cu ch hoc mt tia
la ca mt b phn dy t c th sinh ra cc np in d cc b bn trong dy
t m n khng th c phng in trong thi gian quy nh bng mt trang
b phng in ni gia cc u cc ca dy t.

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- 38 -

7. Ph lc A cho mt cng thc tnh in tr phng in

22. Cc u ni thng cha

c th xc nh in th v lim loi ca t in v s tn dng
s c trong trng hp chc thng t in vi thng cha, th thng
cha phi c mt cch thc u ni c thc hin bng mt bu lng
c c rng ti thi M10 hoc tng ng.

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- 39 -

23. Bo v mi trng
Khi cc t in c thm tm vi cc vt liu v chng khng c tiu
tan vo mi trng th cc phng phi c xem xt n. Trong
mt s nc, c cc quy nh hp php v vn ny (Xem tiu
25.3 v ph lc B)
24. Cc quy tc an ton khc
Ngi mua phi xc nh thi im u thu tt c cc yu cu
ring v cc quy tc an ton c p dng trong nc t in c
lp t

Phn on 6 - K hiu
25. K hiu cc t in n nht
25.1. Tm bn nhn
Cc ch dn sau y phi c ghi trn tm bn nhn ca mi t in
n nht
1. Nh ch to
2. S nhn dng v nm ch to
3. Cng sut nh mc QN bng kilovar
Phi ch cng sut tng i vi cc t 3 pha (xem ph lc A)
4. in p nh mc UN bng vn hoc kilvn
5. Tn s nh mc fN bng Hertz
6. Cp nhit (xem tiu iu 4.1)
7. Trang b phng in nu c c gi vo phi c ch bng
ton b cc ch hoc bng k hiu
, hoc bng gi tr m
nh mc.
8. Mc cch in Ui bng killvn (ch i vi cc t n nht c
tt c cc u cc c cch in vi thng cha)
Vic k hiu mc cch in phi c k hiu bng 2 con s tch
bit bng mt gch cho, s th nht ch gi tr hiu dng ca
in p th nghim tn s cng nghip biu th bng
kilvn v s th hai ch gi tr nh ca in p th nghim
xung, cng c biu th bng kilvn (v d 28/75, xem iu
18)
iu ny khng p dng cho cc t c mt u cc c ni thng xuyn vi thng cha v khng c th nghim theo cc
quy nh iu 16
9. K hiu u ni
Loi tr cc t in mt pha ch c mt in dung, cn tt c
cc t in khc phi mang ch dn c d u ni ca chng.
Tiu iu 25.2 ch cc k hiu u ni c tiu chun ho.
10. Cc cu ch bn trong, nu c, phi c bng tt c cc ch
hoc bng k hiu

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- 40 11. Sn phm ho dng thm tm hoc tn gi thng mi ca
n (s ch dn ny phi c ghi trn tm bn nhn, xem tiu
iu 25.3)
12. Thm chiu n phm IEC871 (vi nm xut bn)
Ghi ch: Trn yu cu ca ngi mua, in dung c o phi c ch hc bng
gi tr tuyt i, hoc bng % (phn trm), hoc bng cc k hiu.

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- 41 -

25.2 Cc k hiu u ni c tiu chun ho

Loi u ni phi c ch bng cc ch hoc bng cc k hiu sau
y:
D hoc = tam gic
= hnh sao

YN hoc

= sao, c trung tnh ko ra

Y hoc
hoc

= ba phn khng ni lin kt vi nhau bn trong

25.3 Tm bn co th
Nu t in n nht c cha cc vt liu c ri ro nhim mi trng (iu 23) hoc c th nguy him bng cch khc (v d: do tnh
d bt la ca chng), th t in phi c mt tm nhn ph hp vi
cc quy tc tng ng vi nc ca ngi s dng. Ngi mua phi thng
tin cho nh ch to cc quy nh ca cc quy tc ny.
Lin quan n cc t c thm tm vi polychlorobiphenyl, xem ph
lc B
26. K hiu cc dy t in
26.1. T ch dn hoc tm bn nhn
Cc thng tin ti thiu sau y phi c cho bi nh ch to trong
mt t ch dn hoc bng cch khc v trn yu cu ca ngi mua,
trn mt tm bn nhn
1. Nh ch to
2. Cng sut nh mc QN bng megavar
Cng sut tng phi c ch
3. in p nh mc UN bng kilvn
4. Mc cch in Ui
Vic k hiu mc cch in c thc hin bng 2 con s tch
bit nhau bng mt gch cho, s th nht ch gi tr hiu
dng ca in p nh mc chu tn s cng nghip ngn
hn (i vi Um300 kV) hoc gi tr nh ca in p nh
mc chu xung thao tc (i vi U m300 kV), cc gi tr c
biu th bng kilvn, v s th hai l gi tr nh ca in
p nh mc chu xung st c biu th cng bng kilvn (v
d 185/450)
5. K hiu u ni
Tiu iu 25.2 ch cc k hiu u ni c tiu chun ho
K hiu u ni c th l mt b phn ca mt s u ni
n gin ho biu th v d s bo v chng cc mt cn
bng, cc cun dy tt dn, v.v...

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- 42 6. Thi gian ti thiu c c yu cu gia ct v ng dy t
(xem tiu iu 4.1a v ph lc A)
7. Thi gian phng in ti 75 V (trong trng hp dy t c in p
nh mc trn 25 kV)
26.2 Tm bn nhn
Cc quy nh ca tiu iu 25.3 cng p dng cho cc dy t in

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Phn on 7- Hng dn lp t v vn hnh

27. Tng qut
Khc vi hu ht cc thit b in khc, mi khi c ng in th
cc t in ni mch r (t b ngang) u vn hnh lin tc y ti
hoc cc ti sai lch vi y ti theo cc bin i in p v tn
s.
Cc ng lc v cc nhit qu mc rt ngn tui th ca mt t
in v v th cc iu kin vn hnh (tc nhit , in p v
dng) cn c kim tra v quy nh cht ch.
Cn ghi nh rng vic a ra mt in dung tp trung trong mt li
in c th ko theo cc iu kin vn hnh khng tho mn (v d
vic khuych i cc iu ho, t kch thch ca cc my, cc qu
in p do thao tc, s lm vic khng tt ca cc thit b iu
khin t xa tn s m thanh, v.v...)
V c nhiu loi t in khc nhau v nhiu h s c bao gm nn
khng th bao hm ton b cc trng hp lp t v vn hnh bng
cc quy tc n gin. Cc thng tin sau y lin quan n cc
im quan trng nht c xem xt.
Ngoi ra, cc khuyn ngh ca nh ch to cng nh cc khuyn ngh
ca ngi cung cp in v c bit cc khuyn ngh lin quan n
vic ng ct cc t in khi li in l di cc iu kin ti nh.
28. Chn in p nh mc
in p nh mc ca t in cn phi nh hn in p vn hnh
cc i ca li in n c ni vo, c tnh n nh hng ca
bn thn t in.
Trong mt s li, c th c mt s sai khc ng k gia cc in p
nh mc v vn hnh ca li in; cc s liu ny phi do ngi mua
cung cp nh ch to c th d kin cc l cn thit. iu ny l
quan trng i vi cc t in v rng tnh nng v tui th ca
chng c th b nh hng bt li do mt s tng ln khng mong mun
ca in p qua in mi ca t in.
Khi cc phn t cm ng c t ni tip vi t in gim cc
tc ng ca cc sng iu ho th tng tng hp ca in p
cc u cc t in trn in p vn hnh ca li i hi mt s
tng tng ng trong in p nh mc ca t in.
Nu khng c thng tin tri ngc c gi tr th in p vn hnh cn
tha nhn nh in p nh mc hoc in p k khai ca li ddin.
Khi xc nh gi tr in p c mong mun trn cc u cc ca t
in th cc xem xt sau y phi c tnh n:
- Cc t in ni mch r c th gy nn mt s tng in p ni
c li chng c lp t (ph lc A). tng in p ny c th
ln hn do s c mt ca cc sng iu ho. V th cc t in c
th b vn hnh mt in p cao hn in p c o trc khi ni
cc t in vo li.
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- 44 - in p cc u cc c th bit cao cc thi im ph ti
nh (xem ph lc A). Trong trng hp ny, ton b hoc mt phn ca
t in phi c ct ra trnh cc ng lc qu mc trn cc t
in cng nh mt s tng khng mong mun ca in p li.

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- 45 -

Ch trong trng hp khn cp, cn cc t in vn hnh ng thi

qu ien p cho php cc i v nhit mi trng xung quanh
cc i v iu ny ch i vi cc thi gian ngn hn.
Ghi ch:
1. Cn trnh cc l an ton qu mc trong vic chn in p nh mc UN ,
v chng c th ko theo mt s gim cng sut.
2. Xem iu 9 lin quan n in p cho php cc i
3. Cn d kin nh hng ca cc dung sai trn cc t in n nht, c th
nh hng n gi tr in p vn hnh vi cc hp b u ni trc tip
hoc hnh sao. Tc ng ca cc cu ch t in cng s lm tng in
p vn hnh trn cc t cn li c ni song song.

29. Nhit vn hnh

29.1. Tng qut
Cn ch n nhit vn hnh bn trn ca t in v nhit
ny c mt nh hng ln n tu th ca t
Nu in mi ca t gim xung mt nhit di gio hn thp hn
ca loi th cc phng inj cc b trong cht in mi c ri ro
xut hin, khng nhng khi t in c ng in ban u m cn
trong khi vn hnh khi t c cc tn tht in mi thp ch gy ra
mt tng nhit khng ng k ca t in.
Ghi ch - Nu cc tn tht c xc nh th khuyn ngh ly nhit mi
trng trung bnh xung quanh nh mt nhit tham kho c tnh
n cng sut ca t i vi cc thi gian khc nhau ca nm hoc
i vi thi gian vn hnh. Cn c th xc nh cc tn tht i vi
nhiu nhit mi trng xung quanh v tnh gi tr trung bnh ca
chng.
Cn tnh n trong tnh ton tt c cc phn t c nh hng n cc
tn tht nh cc cu ch bn ngoi, cc cun in khng,v.v... d
kin cc tn tht tng ca dy t in.

29.2 Cc iu kin lp t
Cn b tr cc t in th no cho php c mt tn nhit tt
bng bc x v bng i lu nhit sinh ra bi cc tn tht. Vic thng
gi cc ngn t , nu c, v vic b tr cc t n nht phi m
bo mt s lun chuyn khng kh tt xung quanh cc t. iu ny
c bit quan trng i vi cc t in b tr theo dy xp chng.
Nhit cc t in chu bc x mt tri hoc bc x ca mt b
mt no c nhit cao s b tng ln. Ph thuc vo nhit
khng kh lm mt, cng v thi gian bc x, c th cn chn mt
hoc cc phng sau y:
- Bo v cc t in chng bc x.
- Chn mt t in c thit k i vi mt nhit khng kh bao
quanh cao hn (v d cp -5/B thay cho -5/A) hoc c thit k thch
hp ring.
- S dng cc t in d kin i vi mt in p nh mc cao hn
in p c chn theo cc quy ddnh iu 28.
- S dng thng gi cng bc.

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- 46 Cc t in t cao ln (ln hn 1000 m) lm vic trong cc
iu kin tn nhit i lu b gim th cn tnh n khi xc nh
cng sut ca cc t. Tuy nhin nhit mi trng xung quanh thng
thp hn cao nh th (xem c tiu iu 34.1)
29.3. Nhit khng kh xung quanh cao
Cc t i vi k hiu C thng thch hp ch yu cho cc s dng trong
cc iu kin nhit i. Tuy nhin, trong mt s ni, nhit khng
kh xung quanh c th bt phi s dng mt t in k hiu D. Trng hp ny cng c th cn thit i vi cc trng hp cc t
in thng xuyn chu bc x mt tri trong nhiu gi (v d trong
cc vng sa mc) mc d nhit mi trng xung quanh khng vt qu
(tiu iu 29.2).
Trong cc trng hp ngoi l, nhit khng kh mi trng xung
quanh c th cao hn cc i 55 oC, hoc t ti mt trung bnh
ngy bng 45 oC. Ni c th ci thin cc iu kin lm mt, cn
chn cc t c thit k ring hoc vi cc in p nh mc cao
hn.
30. Cc iu kin ring
B sung vo cc iu kin bao hm trong iu 29, nh ch to
cn wocj ngi mua thn bo cc iu kin ring v vn hnh nh l:
- m tng i cao
C th cn thit s dng cc cch in c thit k ring. Ch n
cc kh nng cc cu ch bn ngoi b ngn mch do lp ng m t
trn cc b mt ca chng.
- Cc nm mc pht trin nhanh
Cc kim loi, cc vt liu gm s cng nh mt s sn du v sn
khng cho php hnh thnh cc nm mc. Khi s dng cc thuc dit
nm mc th chng khng c duy tr cc c tnh dit nm mc
ca chng ngoi vi thng. Trong tt c cc trng hp, cc nm mc c
th sinh si ny n trong cc trang thit b trn cc ch c bi
v.v... tch lu thng xuyn.
- Cc kh quyn n mn.
Cc kh quyn n mn nh th c thy trong cc khu vc cng nghip
v min bin. Cn nh rng cc tc ng do cc mi trng ny c th
nghim trng hn trong cc kh hu c nhiet cao hn l trong
cc kh hu n i. Cc s dng trong nh cng c th c cc kh
quyn n mn cao.
- nhim;
Cn tnh n cc phng ring khi cc t in c lo t trong
cc ni nhim cao.
- Cc cao ln hn 1000 m
Cc t in s dng cc cao ln hn 1000 m chu cc iu kin
ring. Cn chn loi t no cn thc hin vi s nht tr gia ngi mua
v nh sn xut (xem tiu iu 29.2 v 34.1)
- Cc vng c ng t.

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- 47 Trong mt s vng c xc sut ng t cao. c th nh hng n
thit k c ca cc t in v/hoc cc dy t in trong cc vng
ny.
Ngi ma phi xc nh cc gi tr ca ln gia tc v tt dn.
31. Cc qu in p
iu 19 quy nh cc h s ca qu in p.
Vi s nht tr ca nh ch to, mt s h s qu in p c th c
tng ln nu nh hng d kin ca cc qu in p l thp hn hoc
nu cc iu kin nhit l km nghim trng. Cc gii hn qu
in p tn s cng nghip u c gi tr vi iu kin l cc qu
in p qu dd l khng c xp chng ln chng. in p nh
khng c vt qu 1,14 ln gi tr in dung cho.
31.1. Mi li ca cc trang b ng ct
Cc qu in p qu c gi tr cao c th gp tnh c khi cc t
in c ct bng cc trang b ng ct m n c th l dao ct
ca t hoc cc dao ct xa hn cho php mi li.

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- 48 Cn phi cn thn chn cc trang b ng ct, tc ng khng gy
cc qu in p qu mc.
Tuy nhin, nu khng th trnh c cc mi li, th c th cn s dng
cc t in c mc cch in v in p nh mc cao hn.
31.2 St.
Cc t in c th phi chu cc qu in p cao gy ra bi st th
cn phi c bo v y . Nu dng cc bnh chng st th
chng c t cng gn t in cng tt. C th cn s dng cc
chng st ring c tnh n dng phng in ca cc t in, c
bit vi cc dy t c kch thc ln (xem n phm IEC 99).
31.3 T kch thch ca cc ng c
Khi mt t in c ni thng xuyn vo mt ng c th c th ny
sinh cc kh khn sau khi ct ng c khi ngun cung cp. ng c
ny, trong khi hy cn quay, c th hot ng nh mt my pht bng t
kch thch v gy ra cc in p ng k vt qu in p li.
Tuy nhin, iu ny thng c th trnh c bng d kin mt dng
ca t in nh hn dng t ho thng ta ca ng c, ngh
mt gi tr khong 90%. phong, cc b phn mang in ca mt
ng c mt t in thng xuyn c ni vo th khng nn s
co trc khi ng c ngng hn.
Ghi ch
1. in p c duy tr do t kch thch sau khi ng c c ct l c bit
nguy him trong trngf hp ca cc my pht cm ng v cc ng c c
trang b mt h thng phanh c tc ng khi mt in p (v d cc ng
c thang my).
2. Trong trng hp ng c ngng ngay lp tc sau khi ct in th vic
b c th vt qu 90%.

31.4 Khi ng sao - tam gic

Khi mt t c u vo mt ng c vi mt b khi ng sao - tam
gic th vic b tr phi nh th no khng c qu in p c th
xy ra khi b khi dodongj lm vic, tr phi c s nht tr gia ngi
mua v nh ch to.
31.5 Chn cc t in n nht
Khi to mt dy t t cc t c chn h ho th cn cn thn
phng trnh cc qu in p do c s sai lch v in dung gia cc
t hoc cc nhm t c u ni tip.
Trong cc trng hp cc hn, s sai lch ny c th t ti 20% (xem
tiu iu 7.2)
Trong tng trng hp, cn xem xt c gii php no tt nht khng
trnh cc qu in p trn cc t hoc cc nhm t a vo vic b
tr cc t ny nh th no gim ti thiu cc sai lch in p
hoc chn in p nh mc ca cc t c tnh n mt s tng
in p no .
Khi cc t n nht hoc cc nhm t c u ni tip th chng
cng cn c b tr nh th no c cc sai lc v in dung nh
nht c th.
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- 49 Cn phng php bo v sai s (xem tiu iu 33 ghi ch) v cc hu
qu chc thng ca mt t in lin quan n phng php c
nghin cu ny. Khi i hi gim ti thiu cc sai lch in p th cc
t hoc nhm t c u ni tip phi c chn nh th no cc
in dung ca chng cng tng ng nhau cng tt (xem c tiu
iu 7.2).
i vi cc dy t ni tip hnh sao vi trung tnh cch in th cc sai
lch in dung gia cc pha ko theo mt s tng in p cc
u cc cc t in lp t trong pha c in dung nh nht.
32. Cc dng qu ti
32.1 Cc qu dng lin tc
Cc t in khng bao gi c vn hnh vi cc dng vt qu gi tr
cho php quy nh trong iu 20, tr i vi cc thi hn khng vt
qu 5 pht vo lc c cc tng in p cc ph ti thp theo cc quy
nh bng VI.
Cc dng qu ti c th gy nn bi mt in p vt mc tn s c
bn hoc bi cc sng iu ho hoc c hai. Cc ngun chnh ca
cc sng iu ho l cc chnh lu, cc trang b thyristor v cc li
my bin p b bo ho.
Khi c s tng in p vo cc thi giam ph ti thp c tng ln bi
cc t th bo ho cc li my bin p c th t ti mc ng k.
Trong trng hp ny, s sinh ra cc sng iu ho c ln bt thng
m mt trong cc sng ny c th c khuych ddi do s cng hng
gia my bin p v t in.
iu ny l mt l do thm vo khuyn ngh ct cc t in
trong cc thi gian ph ti thp cu li nh ch trong iu 28.
Cn xc nh dng sng in p v cc c tnh ca li trc v sau
khi lp t t in. Cn tnh n cc phng, c bit khi c
mt ca cc ngun iu ho nh l cc chnh lu cng sut ln.
Nu dng ca t c ri ro vt qu gi tr cc i quy nh trong iu
20, trong khi in p l trong cc gii hn cho php quy nh trong
tiu iu 19.1, th cn xc nh sng iu ho d nh hng nht
tm ra gii php tt nht.
Vic p dng mt hoc nhiu bin php phng nga sau y c th
c hiu qu gim dng:
- Chuyn dch mt s t hoc tt c cc t ti cc phn khc ca li,
- Ni mt im khng ni tip vi t in h thp tn s cng hng ca mch ti mt gi tr thp hn tn s cng hng nhiu lon
(xem iu 28).
- Tng gi tr in dung i vi cc t ni gn cc chnh lu,
Ghi ch:
1. Nu s dng cc cun in khng c li thp th cn ch n
s bo ho v pht nng c th ca li di nh hng ca cc dng iu
ho.
2. Cc tip xc v u ni xu trong cc mch ca cc t in c th
ko theo cc tia la gy ra cc dao ng cao tn, tng nhit cc
t in cng nh cc ng lc p t vo chng.
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- 50 V th khuyn ngh kim tra thng xuyn tt c cc tip xc v cc
u ni ca cc t in.
3. Ph lc A cho mt cng thc tnh tn s cng hng.
32.2 Cc qu dng qu
Cc qu dng qu cao tn v bin cao c th sinh ra khi cc t
in c ng in vo mch v c bit khi mt phn on ca
mt dy t c ni song song vi cc phn on khc c ng
in.
C th cn gim cc qu dng qu ny ti cc gi tr c th thp
nht c i vi t v i voi trang thit b bng cch ng t qua
mt in tr (ng ct in t) hoc bng cch gi vo mt in
khng trong mch cung cp ca tng phn on ca dy t in (xem
c tiu iu 33.2)

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- 51 Cn gii hn gi tr nh ca cc qu dng do cc thao tc ng ct
ti mt cc i bng 100 IN (gi tr hiu dng) (xem tiu iu 33.1),
ghi ch 2, ph lc D v n phm IEC 593)
33. Cc my ct v cc trang b bo v
33.1. Cc yu cu chu ng
Cn cc my ct v cc trang b bo v cng nh cc mi ni c thit
k th no chu c thung xuyn mt gi tr bng 1,3 ln dng
(xem iu 20) c th t c vi mt in p hnh sin c gi tr
hiu dng bng in p nh mc tn s nh mc. Ph thuc
vo gi tr thc ca in dung, c th cc i 1,15 ln gi tr tng
ng vi cng sut nh mc ca n (xem tiu iu 7.2), dng ny c
th t ti mt gi tr cc i bng 1,3 x 1,15 = 1,5 ln dng nh
mc ca cc t n l hoc gi tr thp hn i vi cc dy t (xem
tiu iu 7.2).
Ngoi ra, cc thnh phn iu ho nu c mt, c th c, bng
"hiu ng ngoi da", mt nh hng pht nng ln hn thnh phn c
bn tng ng.
Cc my ct v cc trang b bo v cng nh cc mi ni cn c th
chu cc ng lc nhit v in ng gy ra bi cc qu dng qu
c bin ln v tn s cao, c th xy ra khi ng in.
Cc hiu ng qu ny xy ra khi mt phn on ca mt dy t c ng vo song song vi cc phn on khc m cc phn on
khc ny c ng in. Khi xem xt cc ng lc nhit v in
ng s dn n cc yu cu thit k cc kch thc qu mcs th cn
c cc phng ring nh nhng ci ch trong tiu iu 32.2 v
mt bo v chng cc qu dng.
Ghi ch
1. c bit cn chn cc cu ch c mt dung lng nhit (xem ph lc D
v n phm IEC 593).
2. Trong mt s trng hp, v d khi cc t c iu khin t ng th cc
thao tc ng ct lp li c xy ra cc khong thi gian tng i ngn.
Cn chn mt trang b ng ct cng nh cc cu ch c kh nng chu c cc iu kin ny. Cn xem xt yu cu ca im a) ca tiu 4.1,
theo in p d lc ng in khng c ln hn 10% cc in p
nh mc.
3. Cc my ct ni vo cng thanh ci c th chu cc ng lc ring trong trng
hp ng trn ngn mch.
4. Cc my ct ni ng ct cc dy t song song phi c kh nng chu
c dng gi (dng t bin) (v bin v tn s) xy ra khi mt dy t
c ni vo mt thanh ci c mt hoc nhiu dy t khc c ng
in.

33.2 Cc my ct khng c mi li
Cn s dng cc my ct thch hp cho vic ng ct cc t in.
V d trang b phi c nghin cu vic mi li trong cc qu
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- 52 trnh tho tc ngt c th ko theo cc qu in p qu mc, th
khng th xy ra c (xem c tiu iu 31.1)
Trc khi c cc quyt nh v loi my ct c s dng mt trang
thit b t in, khuyn ngh trao i vi nh ch to v nh ch
to my ct.
33.3 Chnh nh cc r le
Khuyn ngh vic bo v cc t in chng cc qu dng bng cc
r le qu dng thch hp c chnh nh nhy cc my ct khi
dng vt qu gii hn cho php quy nh

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- 53 trong iu 20. Ni chung, cc cu ch khng m bo c mt bo
v thch hp chng cc qu dng (xem ph lc D v n phm IEC 593).
Ghi ch
1. bn thn, mt h thng bo v chng cc qu dng khng th m bo mt
bo v y chng cc qu in p, cng khng m bo ni chung mt
bo v chng cc s c bn trong ca t n nht.
Bo v chng cc s c bn trong ca mt dy t c bit khi cc dy t
ny c cu to bi mt bi s cc t n nht. Cn d kin mt trang
thit b thch hp cch ly mt ccg t ng cc t in hoc cc phn
t b s c.
2. in dung ca cc t in thay i nhiu hay t vi nhit tu theo loi
t. Cn ch l in dung c th thay i nhanh khi cc t in lnh c
ng in. Hin tng ny tr thnh quan trng nhit thp khi tng
nhit ca cc t in v v vy gi tr ca in dung ca chng c
th b mt cn bng.
iu ny c th ko theo s lm vic khng ng lc ca cc trang b bo
v ca chng.
3. Khi cc t in ca dy t c bo v mt cch ring l bng cc cu ch
bn ngoi, th ngi s dng c th yu cu dy t gi li trong mch, mc d
s cc cu ch b n ko theo mt qu in p ko di, vt qu gii hn
cho trong iu 19.
Trong trng hp ny cn chn mt in p nh mc cao hn i vi mt
hoc cc t in hoc mt gi tr gii hn thi gian i vi qu in p cn
c quyt nh vi s nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua.

34. Chn cc mc cch in

Cn chn cc mc cch in ca mt dy t ph hp vi mc cch in
ca li t s c u vo, t cc bng ca iu 18.
Cc t theo tiu iu 18.2.1 v cc dy t theo tiu iu 18.3.1 phi
c mt mc cch in bng hoc cao hn mc ca li.
Cc mc cch in ca tiu iu 18.2.2 v 18.3.3 c coi nh i
vi cc xung ng ct nu cc my ct khng c mi li c s dng.
Ghi ch Cc t khng c thng cha to nn mt trong cc u cc ra v n
khng c th nghim theo cc quy nh ca iu 16 so vi thng cha ca
chng v hn na chng li c trang b cc cu ch bn trong th phi c
cch in ca chng so vi thng cha c nh c th no chu c mt
in p cao hn cch in bn ngoi gia cc u cc. Mt chc thng cch
in so vi thng cha c th ngn mch cc b hon ton phn ni t cc
cu ch phn t bn trong (n phm IEC 593).

34.1 Cc cao qu 1000 m

Cc mc cch in chn theo yu cu ca iu 18 c th qu thp
i vi cc s dng cc cao qu 1000 m (tiu iu 7.1). Trong trng hp ny, ngi mua cn quy nh mc cch in yu cu so vi
cc iu kin th nghim thng thng.
Cc yu cu ca tiu iu 18.2 hy cn gi tr, nhng i vi mc cch
in c quy nh mi.
i vi cc t c thng cha to nn mt trong cc u cc th nh ch
to cn cung cp mt bng chng l cch in bn ngoi ca cc s
xuyn c th chu c mt in p th bng k ln in p th theo
cc quy nh ca tiu iu 18.2, k l t s gia in p mi chu
ng tn s cng nghip c quy nh v in p xoay chiu
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- 54 chu ng tng ng vi cng gi tr ca U m theo cc bng ca tiu
iu 18.
34.2 nh hng ca bn thn t in
Cc gi tr in p chu ng ca cc bng III A, IIIB, IV v V ph hp
vi cc yu cu ca n phm IEC 71 chng c chn bo m cc
l thch hp oi vi cc qu in p qu trong trng hp cc t c
in dung thp.
i vi cc t ien n nht hoc cc dy t th cc bng v th
ch p dng cho cc trang thit b c cc gi tr in dung nh cch
in vi in ca cc t c cch in hon ton hoc cch in
gia trung tnh c cch in v t.
in dung pha ca mt t in cng sut c mt im trung tnh c cch in vi t thng gim ch yu bin ca cc
xung st hoc xung thao tc, ngay c cc xung ny c ngun gc t
mt im tng i gn t in.
34.3 Cc ng dy t trn khng
Cc t in hoc cc dy t c trung tnh c ni t thng c coi
nh c bo v thcch hp (xem tiu iu 9.2, ghi ch 4) i vi cc
xung st nu t (hoc dy t) v cc ng dy ni c trang b cc
ng dy t trn khng trn mt khong cch bng ti thiu l 5 U m
(theo kil vn c cc mt) hoc 200 m bt k gi tr no l ln
nht.
35. Chn cc ng r
Cc ng r v cc mc nhim hin nay ang nghin cu.
36. Cc t in c ni vo cc li in vi cc iu khin t
xa bng cc tn s m thanh.
Tng tr ca cc t in cc tn s m thanh l rt thp, khi
chng c ni vo cc li in c cc iu khin t xa bng cc tn
s m thanh th c th a ti b pht ieu khin t xa b qu ti ra
v th lm vic khng tho mn.
C nhiu phng php trnh cc bt li ny; vic chn phng php
tt nht phi c thc hin vi s nht tr gia tt c cc bn lin
quan.

__________

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- 55 -

Ph lc A
Cc cng thc i vi trang thit b cc t in
A.1 Tnh cng sut ca cc t in 3 pha t 3 php o in
dung mt pha
Ca, Cb v Cc l cc in dung o c gia cc u cc ng dy
ca mt t in 3 pha ni hnh sao hoc hnh tam gic. Nu cc
iu kin i xng thit lp tiu iu 7.2 c tn trng th
Q

2
C a Cb C c U N2 10 6
3

cng sut Q ca t in c tnh theo cng thc sau:

y: Ca, Cb, Cc c biu th bng microfarad
UN c biu th bng kilvn
Q c biu th bng mgavar
A2. Tn s cng hng
Mt t in c cng hng vi mt sng iu ha m bc cho bi
h thc sau r l mt s nguyn
r

S
Q

y: S l cng sut ngn mch (MVA) im t in

c u vo
Q biu th bng mgavar (MVAR)
r l bc ca iu ha, tc l t s gia tn s iu ho
cng sut (Hz) v tn s li (Hz).
A3. tng in p
Vic ni mt t in mch r gy ra tng thng xuyn in p
sau y:
U Q

U
S

y: U l tng in p
U l in p trc khi ni t in
S l cng sut ngn mch (MVA) im t in c
ni vo
Q c biu th bng mgavar (MVAR)
A4. Dng gi qu
A.4.1 ng in mt dy t in n:

IS I N

S
Q

y: I S l gi tr nh ca dng gi ca dy t, biu th bng

ampe (A)
IN l dng nh mc (gi tr hiu dng) ca dy t biu th
bng ampe (A)
S l cng sut ngn mch (MVA) im t in c
ni vo
Q c biu th bng mgavar (MVAR)
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- 56 -

A.4.2 ng song song mt t in vi mt (hoc nhiu) dy t in

ng in

IS

U
XCX L

y X c U (

)
Q
Q

y:

I S l gi tr nh dng gi ca t in biu th bng ampe (A)

U l in p gia pha v t biu th bng vn (V)

XC l dung khng c ni tip theo pha biu th bng m ()

XL l in khng theo pha gia cc dy t bng m ()
Q1 l cng sut ca dy t c ng vo
Q2 l tng cng sut ca cc dy t c ng in, biu th
bng megavar
A.5. in tr phng in ca cc t in mt pha
t
R
U
c log e N
UR
y:
t l thi gian phng t UN ti UR bng giy (s)
R l in tr phng in bng mgohm (M)
C l in dung bng microfarad (F)
UN l in p nh mc ca t, biu th bng vn (V)
UR l in p d cho php, biu th bng Vn (V) (xem iu 21
i vi cc gii hn cho php ca t v UR).
A.6. Thi gian phng ti 10% in p nh mc
,t
t ,RC
U
log e N
UR
y:
t l thi gian phng t UN ti UR bng giy (s)
UN l in p nh mc ca t, biu th bng vn (V)
UR l in p d cho php, biu th bng Vn (V)
t1 l thi gian phng biu th bng giy, ti 10% in p nh
mc
Nu cc gii hn ca iu 21 c xem xt mt cch cht ch, th
t

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- 57 Ph lc B
Cc phng cn xem xt trnh nhim mi trng
do cc cht polychlorinat biphenyl

Cht thi ca cht polychlorinat biphenyl m khng c cc

phng cn thit c th ko theo mt s nhim mi trng. Trong
mt s nc, cc quy tc hoc cc lut thc t chi phi cc c
tnh ca cc polychlorinat biphenyl c s dng thm tm cc
t in cng nh cc phng php c dng ph hu chng.
Khi thiu cc quy tc, ngh cc bin php sau c xem xt:
- Trang b cc dy t in vi cc trang b thu gom phng
s phn tn trn t cc polychlorinat biphenyl trong trng hp c
r cc thng cha cc t in, bng cch s dng v d mt va lt
thch hp;
- Trnh s dng cc sn phm c mt hm lng chlore cao (v d
cht hexa - hoc penta - chlorobiphenyl), cc sn phm ny c mt
phn hu bi vi khun hoc vi sinh vt thp hn.
- Loi b cc t in c khuyt tt bng ho phn hoc chn
chng trong cc ni thch hp cch ly c hiu qu cc t in
v cc cut ca chng khi lp nc ngm.
Cc t in c thm tm vi polychlorobiphenyl phi c dn nhn
(tiu iu 25.3) ph hp vi cc quy tc tng ng vi nc ca khch
hng. Khi khng c quy tc ca loi ny th s s dng nguyn vn
sau y:
T in ny cha polychlorobiphenyl, c th gy nhim mi trng. N phi c lp t theo cc quy tc a phng

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- 58 Ph lc C
Cc quy tc b xung i vi cc t in cng sut
dng cho vic lc

Khi cc iu sau y c b xung vo n phm ny th n p

dng cho cc t in lc r mch (xem iu 1, ghi ch 1)
B xung nh ngha sau y vo iu 3
Cc t in lc
T in cng sut dng to nn mt b phn ca mt mch c
thit k gim mt hoc nhiu sng iu ho dng c trong
mt li.
B xung vo tiu iu 3.10
i vi cc t in lc th cng sut nh mc l tng s hc ca
cng sut c sinh ra tn so c bn v cc tn s iu ho.
B xung vo tiu iu 3.11
Trong trng hp cc t in lc, UN c xc nh bng tng s hc
cc gi tr hiu dng ca cc in p c bn v iu ho, hc cn
bng in p c tnh ton t cng sut nh mc (xem b xung
vo tiu iu 3.10) v dung khng tn s nh mc, hai gi tr
ny gi tr no ln hn th c gi.
B xung vo tiu iu 3.13
i vi cc t in lc th dng nh mc c xc nh bng cn
bnh phng ca tng cc gi tr bnh thng ca cc dng nh
mc tn s c bn v cc tn s iu ho. Cc ph tng nh l cc
thanh ci cn c thit k vn hnh tho mn vi dng ny v
vi cc qu dng (xem iu 20)
B xung vo 7.2
Cc dung sai i xng c khuyn ngh i vi cc t n nht
cng nh i vi cc dy t trong trng hp ca cc t lc v c bit
i vi cc b lc thng di.
Cc t n nht ca cc lc thng di 5%
Cc t in n nht ca cc lc thng cao
Cc dung sai p dng cho cc dy t phi c thng nht gia nh
ch to v ngi mua.
Cc ghi ch mi i vi tiu iu 7.2:
Cn xem xt cc yu t sau xc nh cc dung sai ca mt
dy t lc:
- Cc dung sai ca cc thit b lin kt, c bit cc dung sai
ca cc cun in cm
- S bin i ca tn s c bn ca li t lc c ni vo
- Cc bin i in dung cho nhit
- S bin i in dung cho php i vi cc thi gian ngn
hn, v d cc tng ln theo nhit hoc cc iu kin s c
nh cc chc thng trc khi c s can thip ca cn ch.
- S bin i in dung sau khi c s can thip ca cu ch
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- 59 Nu cc t in n nht tiu chun (cht lng thng thng) c
s dng, th dung sai yu cu i vi dy t s t c bng s
la chn cc t in.

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- 60 B xung vo tiu iu 9.1
i vi cc t in lc:
Ut = 2,15 U1 + 1,5 UH
Nc M s dng:
Ut = 2,0 U1 + 1,5 UH
y:
U1: in p hiu dng tn s c bn sau trang thit b
UH: tng s hc cc gi tr hiu dng cc in p iu hu trang
thit b
Ghi ch: - Gi tr Ut = 2,0 U1 + 1,5 UH c th ch s dng trong
cc nc khc nu c s thng nht gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
B xung vo tiu iu 9.2
i vi cc t in lc:
Ut = 4,3 U1 + 3 UH
Ghi ch mi i vi tiu iu 13.2
i vi cc t in lc, nu 1,44 Q N nh hn gi tr cng sut c
xc nh bi 1,1 UN v CN tn s c bn th gi tr sau ca
in p phi c s dng th nghim bn nhit.
B xung vo iu 18
i vi cc t in lc, Um so vi in p tn s c bn cc u
cc ca mch lc sau trang thit b.
- Tuy nhin, nu tng s hc ca cc gi tr hiu dng cc in p
UN do cc sng iu ha ln hn 0,5 ln in p U 1 tn s c bn
(tc l UH>0,5 U1) th mc cch in ca t in phi chn theo
in p cao nht i vi thit b U m trong li c tng ln bng 0,5
UH.
Mc cch in v ng r phi c chn trong s cc gi tr c
tiu chun ha. iu 28 cng cn c xem xt.
B xung vo iu 20
i vi cc t in lc, gi tr dng cc i cho php phi c s
nht tr gia nh ch to v ngi mua.
B xung vo cc tiu iu 25.1 v 26.1
i vi cc t in lc, tn s iu ha c iu hng phi c k
hiu mt cch thch hp sau tn s nh mc.
V d:
50 + 250 Hz
(lc thng di hp)
50 + 550/650 Hz (lc thng di rng)
50 + 750 Hz
(lc thng cao)

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- 61 Ph lc D
Cc quy tc th nghim v hng dn p dng i vi
cc cu ch bn ngoi v cc t in c bo v
bng cu ch bn ngoi.

D.1. Phm vi p dng

Ph lc D p dng cho cc cu ch bn ngoi s dng vi cc t
in ni r cao p. Cc cu ch ny phi theo cc quy nh ca n
phm IEC 549
D.2. Mc ch
Ph lc ny c mc ch:
a. Quy nh cc quy tc lin quan n cc th nghim v cc
c tnh lm vic ca cc cu ch t bn ngoi.
b. Cung cp mt hng dn s dng cc cu ch bn ngoi
D.3. Cc nh ngha
D3.1. Xem n phm IEC549
D3.2. Cu ch bn ngoi
Cu ch ni bn ngoi ca mt hoc nhiu t in n nht v
lp ni tip in vi mt t hoc mt nhm t u song song.
D4. Cc yu cu tnh nng
a. Cc yu cu tnh nng ca cu ch phi ph hp vi n phn
IEC549
b. Cu ch phi c kh nng chu tt c cc xung dng gi gy ra
bi cc ng ct trong sut tui th ca t in. Gi tr nh
ca cc dng in gi ny khng c vt qu 100 ln gi tr hiu
dng ca dng nh mc (xem tiu iu 32.2)
Ghi ch: Nu cc iu kin vn hnh cho php th cc t trong
sut tui th ca t in c th thay th bng cho n ln
kim tra bo dng thng xuyn sau
c. Mt hoc cc cu ch c ni vo cc t khng b h hng phi
c kh nng chu cc dng phng in gy ra bi s chc thng
ca cc t khc cng nh cc dng gy ra bi cc s c ngn mch
bn ngoi ti t.
D5. Cc th nghim
D5.1. Cc th nghim trn cc cu ch
xem n phm IEC549
D5.2 Cc th nghim in hnh trn cc thng cha t in
ang nghin cu
D6. Hng dn v kt hp bo v bng cu ch
D6.1. Tng qut

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- 62 Mi cu ch c u ni tip vi mt t hoc mt nhm t, dng
cch ly nu c mt s c xy ra trong mt t hoc mt nhm
cc t ny.

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Ghi ch: 1. Tu theo s b tr ca dy t v cc u ni bn trong ca t, dng i

qua t s c do s c ca n, cng vi dng do phng in ca nng lng c tch tr trong cc t c ni song song vi t b s c, c th khng
tc ng cu ch trc khi c nhiu phn t u ni tip trong t b
s c cha b s c. m bo cu ch s tc ng v cch ly mt t b
s c hon ton th cu ch phi c nh c nh th no n s tc
ng khi ch chu duy nht qu dng tn s cng nghip s chu qua t
b ngn mch.
2. Lm vic ca mt hoc cc cu ch s ko theo mt s thay i v
phn b cc in p trong dy t. in p qua cc u cc ca cc t cn
tt khng c vt qu gi tr cho trong iu 19, cng khng c tn ti
lu hn thi gian tng ng cho trong iu 19. Tr phi cc b tr i vi
vic tch dy t tho mn yu cu ny th tt c cc t trong dy phi
c cc c tnh nh mc thch hp vi cc iu kin lm vic nghim
khc nht xy ra t vic tch cc t do cc cu ch tc ng (xem c tiu
iu 33.3, ghi ch 3)
3. i vi cc t in c cch phn t u ni tip th s chc thng ca mt
phn t s gy ra cc thay i v phn b li in p trong dy t v
trong t xy ra trc tc ng ca cc cu ch.
Cc thay i in p ny cn c xem xt v mt bo v in ca dy t.

D6.2. Tun t ca bo v
Cc trang b bo v khc nhau ca mt dy t in phi tc ng
theo mt trt t quy nh.
Thng thng, giai on u l tc ng ca cc cu ch ca t
hoc nhm t, giai on 2 l bo v dy t bi rle (v d bo v
chng qu dng hoc mt cn bng). Giai on 3 l bo v trang
thit b hoc li in
Ghi ch: 1 - Tu theo kch c ca dy t, vic thit k bo v rle, v.v... tt c
3 giai on ny khng cn thit s dng tt c trong tt c cc dy t.
2. Vi cc dy t c ln, mt giai on bo tn hiu cng c s dng.
3. Tr phi cu ch lun lun tc ng do nng lng trong dy in p bng
, U N ti U N , nh ch to cn cung cp c tnh thi gian /dng ca
cu ch cng nh cc dung sai ca n.
3. Trong mt s trng hp, bo v khng cn bng nhy hn l cc cu ch, s
lm vic ca bo v khng cn bng ny ch can thip, v d, khi c s nh
la qua cc s xuyn hoc chc thng hon ton in mi ca t in.
Trong trng hp ny, giai on th nht ca bo v l bo v chng cc mt
cn bng v cu ch hat ng nh mt bo v hu b (d phng)

D7. Chn cc cu ch
D7.1. Tng qut
Trong vic chn cc cu ch, cn xem xt lm th no gim ti
thiu xc xut cc gy nt v cu ch trong trng hp c h hng ca
mt t in n nht bng cch s dng thnh cng nht cc s
liu hu hiu nht v cc hng dn nu c. S liu v cc hng dn
s dng phi c nht tr gia ngi mua v nh ch to.
Yu cu ny lin quan n cc qu dng tn s cng nghip cng
nh nng lng tch tr trong cc t in c u song song vi t b
h hng.
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- 64 Trong vic la chn cc cu ch, cm xem xt cc iu kin nhit
v in c t ra vi chng khi c cc th nghim in hnh
cu cc iu 13 v 17.
D7.2. Cc cu ch khng c gii hn dng
Chng thng l loi cu ch bn vi cc phn t chy c th thay
th c. Chng c t hoc khng c tc ng gii hn dng trn
hoc dng tn s lm vic hoc trn phong in nng lng tch
lu.
Nng lng tng phng in trong cc t in u song song vi t
in b s c cn thp hn nng lng m cu ch phi c kh nng
chu m khng n v thp hn nng lng cn thit chc thng
t in b h hng.
Loi cu ch ny c th s dng khi cc qu dng tn s lm vic
c th chu ng t in h hng l nh.
D7.3. Cu ch c gii hn dng
Loi cu ch ny gii hn cc qu dng tn s lm vic mt gi
tr nh hn gi tr d on, n gim dng ti khng trc khi qua s
khng bnh thng ca dng tn s
lm vic.
Mt cu ch gii hn dng c xem xt mt cch nghim chnh th
khng cho qua mt phn nng lng phng v pha t in h
hng.
Nng lng i qua cu ch cn thp hn nng lng cn thit
chc thng t in h hng (xem tiu iu 7.1)
C th s dng cc cu ch ny khi cc qu dng tn s lm vic
hoc nng lng cc i phng in ni song song vi t h hng nu
c l kh cao gy ra chc thng mt cu ch bn hoc mt t
in. Cc cu ch gii hn dng c xem xt nghim chnh khng
p t gii hn cao hn nng lng phng u song song v c th
cho chy v pha t in h hng.
D8. Thng tin cn thit cho ngi s dng cu ch
chn c cc cu ch thch hp cho tng p dng, c th cn
n tt c hoc mt phn ca cc thng tin biu th trong n
phm IEC549

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Tiu
IEC
Quc
871-1

chun
t
Bn sa i ln th nht
1991-08

Bn sa i ln th nht

Cc t in shunt dng
cho
li in xoay chiu,
in p nh mc
ln hn 660 V
Phn 1:
Tng qut: - Cc c
tnh lm vic, cc th
nghim v cc gi tr
nh mc - Cc quy tc
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an ton - Hng dn lp
t v vn hnh.

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Li ta

- 67 -

Bn sa i ny c U ban K thut IEC s 33 : Cc t in cng

sut , son tho.
Ni dung ca bn s i ny d trn cc ti liu sau :
Quy tc 6 thng

Bo co biu quyt

33(CO)93

33(CO)98

Bn bo co v biu quyt ghi bng trn cho bit mi thng tin v

cuc b phiu thng qua bn sua i ny.
__________
Cc trang ba th nht v th ba, trang mc, trang 7 v 9
Thay , trong u , 660 V bng 1000 V
Trang 9
1. Phm vi p dng
Thay dng th ba 660V bng 1000 V
Thay , phn cui ca ghi ch 4 :
" s c tm thy trong n phm IEC XXX sp ti " bng " cho
trong n phm IEC 831
Thay sau gch ngang th nht ca Ghi ch 5 ton cu bng :
" T in cng sut ni shunt loi khng t phc hi vi h thng
in xoay chiu c in p nh mc nh hn v bng 1000 V ( n
phm IEC 931)

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