695-2-1/0 @ IEC 1994

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TIu chun
IEC
quc t
2-1/0

695Xut bn ln u
03-1994

n phm c bn v an ton

Cc th nghim v
nguy c chy
Phn 2
Cc phng php th nghim
on 1/ t s 0 : th nghim
bt chy bng cch dng si
t - Tng qut

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Ni dung
1. Phm vi p dng.................................................................7
2. Tham kho tiu chun.......................................................7
3. M t th nghim..............................................................7
4. M t trang thit b th nghim.......................................8
5. Mc nghim ngt........................................................9
6. nh c v kim tra h thng o nhit ......................9
7. iu kin nhit ............................................................9
8. Cc php o ban u......................................................9
9. Th tc th nghim.........................................................10
10. Quan st v o c......................................................10
11. nh gi kt qu th nghim.........................................10
12. Cc thng tin cn c cung cp trong bn quy cch k thut tng
ng.......................................................................................11

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U ban k thut in quc t

Cc th nghim v nguy c chy
Phn 2. Cc phng php th nghim
on 1/t 0: Cc phng php th nghim dng dy tc
Phn tng qut
Li ni u
1) U ban K thut in Quc t l mt t chc th gii v tiu chun ho, bao gm
tt c cc U ban K thut in Quc gia, gi l U ban Quc gia ca IEC. Mc
tiu ca IEC l to thun li cho vic hp tc quc t trn tt c cc vn tiu
chun ho trong cc lnh vc in v in t. Vi mc tiu ny, ngoi cc hot
ng khc, IEC cn xut bn cc tiu chun Quc t. Vic xy dng cc tiu
chun ny do cc U ban k thut m nhim. Cc U ban Quc gia quan tm
n cc ti nghin cu c th tham gia bin son tiu chun. Cc t chc
quc t, t chc chnh ph, phi chnh ph c lin h vi IEC cng c th tham
gia bin son tiu chun. IEC hp tc cht ch vi t chc Quc t v tiu chun
ho (ISO) theo cc iu kin c tho thun gia hai t chc ny.
2) Cc quyt nh hoc tho c chnh thc ca IEC lin quan n cc vn k
thut, c son tho bi cc U ban K thut, trong c i din ca tt c cc
U ban quc gia c bit quan tm n cc vn trn, th hin mt s
nht tr quc t mc cao v cc vn c xem xt.
3) Cc quyt nh ny l cc khuyn ngh c tnh quc t, c xut bn di dng
cc tiu chun, cc bo co k thut v cc bn hng dn v c cc U ban Quc
gia tha nhn theo ngha ny.
4) thc y mt s thng nht quc t, cc U ban quc gia ca IEC cam kt p
dng mt cch thng thong cc tiu chun Quc t ca IEC vo cc tiu chun
quc gia v tiu chun khu vc trong chng mc c th. Mi s khc bit gia tiu
chun IEC v tiu chun quc gia hay tiu chun khu vc tng ng phi c nu r
trong cc tiu chun quc gia hay khu vc.

Tiu chun Quc t IEC 695-2-1/0 c son tho bi Tiu ban 89 ca

IEC: "Cc th nghim v nguy c chy".
Tiu chun ny c quy ch ca mt n phm c bn v an ton ph
hp vi bn hng dn 104 IEC.
Phn 2 v phn 1 thay th ln xut bn th ba ca IEC 383 va
nm 1983 v c xem l mt s xem xt li v k thut.
Vn bn ca tiu chun ny da trn cc ti liu sau.

DIS

Bo co b phiu

89 (CO) 18
89 (CO)18A

89 (CO) 28

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Mi thng tin v cuc b phiu ph chun tiu chun ny c th

tm c trong bo co b phiu nu bng ni trn.

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on 1 ca IEC 695-2 hu b n phm IEC 695-2-1 xut bn nm 1991,

cng nh iu 7 ca IEC 707 xut bn nm 1981 v iu 6 ca IEC
829 xut bn nm 1988 v thay th chng.
on ny gm cc t sau y:
IEC 695-2-1/0: Cc th nghim v nguy c chy - Phn 2: Cc phng
php th nghim. on 1/t 0: Cc phng php th nghim dng dy
tc t. Phn tng qut.
IEC 695-2-1/1: Cc th nghim v nguy c chy - Phn 2: Cc phng
php th nghim. on 1/t 1: Cc phng php th nghim dng dy
tc t trn cc thnh phn v hng dn.
IEC 695-2-1/2: Cc th nghim v nguy c chy - Phn 2: Cc phng
php th nghim. on 1/t 2: Th nghim bt la trn vt liu dng
dy tc bng n.
IEC 695-2-1/3: Cc th nghim v nguy c chy - Phn 2: Cc phng
php th nghim. on 1/t 3: Th nghim t chy trn vt liu bng
dy tc t nng.

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Phng php tt nht th nghim cc sn phm k thut in v

nguy c chy l ti to li ng cc iu kin thng gp phi trong
thc t. Trong phn ln trng hp iu ny khng th lm c. V cc
l do thc hnh, vic th nghim cc sn phm k thut in v
nguy c chy, tt hn nn c tin hnh bng cch m phng cng
gn ng cng tt cc hu qu thc s xy ra trong thc t.
Cc phn ca mt thit b k thut in c th c ph by ra ni
c ng lc qu ln, do cc hiu ng lc gy nn, v s ph hu ca
chng c th lm hi n s an ton ca thit b khng c chu nh
hng mt cch bt thng do sc nng hoc ngn la pht sinh bn
trong thit b.
Cc phn ca vt liu cch in, hoc ca cc vt liu rn khc rt
d chy c th lm ngn la lan ra bn trong thit b c th b t
chy bng cc dy hoc cc phn t pht sng khi b t nng. Trong
mt s iu kin, v d khi c dng in s c i qua mt si dy,
khi cc phn t ca thit b b qua ti, khi tip xc xu, lm cho mt
vi phn t c th t n nhit c th gy chy cc phn
gn .

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Cc th nghim v nguy c chy

Phn 2. Cc phng php th nghim
on 1/t 0. Phng php th nghim dng si dy tc - Phn
tng qut
1. Phm vi p dng
T ny ca IEC 695-2-1 quy nh phng php th nghim dng dy
pht sng khi b t nng m phng hiu ng ca ng sut nhit
c th pht sinh do cc ngun nhit, nh l cc phn t pht sng khi b
t nng hoc cc in t b qu ti trong cc thi gian ngn,
nh gi mt cch tng t cc nguy c v chy.
Trong tiu chun ny, th nghim c m t trc ht p dng cho cc
thit b k thut in, cho cc nhm thnh phn v cc thnh phn
ca chng. Tuy nhin, th nghim ny cng c th p dng cho cc vt
liu cch in rn, hoc cho cc loi vt liu d chy khc.
2. Tham kho tiu chun
Cc ti liu tiu chun sau y cha cc iu khon, m qua tham
kho trong vn bn ny, to thnh cc iu khon hu hiu i vi
t ny ca IEC 695-2-1. Ti thi im cng b, cc ln xut bn
dn u cn hiu lc. Mi ti liu tiu chun u cn c xem xt
li. Cc bn tham gia tho c da trn c s t ny ca IEC 695-2-1
u c khuyn khch trn mi kh nng p dng cc n phm mi
nht ca cc ti liu tiu chun c dn sau y. Cc thnh vin ca
IEC v ca ISO u c danh mc cc tiu chun quc t ang cn
hiu lc.
IEC 51
IEC
1977
IEC
1993

Dng c o lng in loi ch th tng t tc ng

trc tip v cc ph tng ca chng.
584-1: Cc nhit ngu. Phn 1 - Cc bng tham kho.
Th nghim v nguy c chy. Phn 4. Cc thut ng
695-4: lin quan n cc th nghim chy

Hng dn ISO/IEC 52: 1990. T vng cc thut ng lin quan n chy

v cc nh ngha.
ISO 4046 1978. Giy, cactng, bt v cc thut ng lin quan. T vng.
3. M t th nghim
Tiu chun ny quy nh th nghim bng dy pht sng khi b t
nng, nh th nghim t chy bng cch dng mt ngun t chy
m khng c ngn la.
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Si dy tc t c cu to bng mt mch vng quy nh bng

dy in tr, c t chy bng in n mt nhit quy nh
sau cho si dy tc t nng tip xc vi mu th c th
nghim.
Vic m t chi tit ca mi th nghim c nu ln trong cc t thch
hp ca IEC 695-2-1.
T ny cho cch m t chi tit ca trang thit b th nghim c s
dng trong cc t khc ca IEC 695-2-1.

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4. M t trang thit b th nghim

Dy tc t l mt mch vng quy nh lm bng mt si dy
niken/crm (80/20) ca ng knh 4mm. Khi to mch vng phi cn
thn trnh gy ra cc ng rn nh u mt si dy.
o nhit ca si dy tc t ngi ta dng mt nhit ngu
bng si dy nhc v bc, c ng knh danh nh ngoi l 0,5mm,
cc si dy u lm bng NiCr v NiAl (loi K) chng hn. Thch hp
vi ch vn hnh lin tc nhit 960 0C vi im hn nng
trong v. V bc c lm bng loi kim loi chu c nhit t nht
l 10500C.
Trn hnh 1 l si tc t cng vi nhit ngu.
Nhit ngu c b tr trong ci l c khoan u mt ca dy tc
t ph hp vi chi tit Z ca hnh 1. Cn duy tr s tip xc
nhit tht tt gia nh ca nhit ngu vi y v thnh ca l. Cn
lu n vn l lm sao m bo cho nhit ngu i theo
chuyn ng ca u mt DPSKBN do dn n nhit gy nn. Cc
sc in ng ca nhit ngu phi ph hp vi tiu chun IEC 584-1.
Cc c tnh cho trong tiu chun ny thc cht l tuyn tnh. Vic
u ni ngui phi c tin hnh trong bng tan, tr khi t c mt
nhit tham kho tin cy bng cc phng tin khc, v d nh bng
mt hp b (compensation).
o sc in ng ca nhit ngu phi dng mt dng c o lng
c chnh xc 1% (chng hn cp 0,5 theo IEC 51). Dy tc
t c t nng bng in, dng in cn a u mt ca
dy ln nhit 9600C l vo khong 120A v 150A.
Thit b th nghim phi c thit k sao cho dy tc t c
gi trn mt mt phng nmg ngang v sao cho c mt lc t 0,8N
n 1,2N tc ng vo mu th, lc ny c duy tr gi tr khi
dy tc t hoc mu th b x dch ngang ci n sang ci kia
trn mt qung t nht l 7mm.
Mt vi th d in hnh v thit b th nghim c trnh by
cc hnh 2a v 2b.
nh gi kh nng chy lan truyn, bng cc phn t bt la hoc
PSKBN ri vo mu th, phi t xung di mu th mt lp c
bit.
Trong trng hp khng c quy nh v lp c bit , th phi dng
mt lp nh sau: t mt tm g thng trng trn dy khong 10mm,
tip xc cht vi mt lp n vi mtxlin ti mt khong cch
(2005)mm ngay di v tr m dy tc t p vo mu th.

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C th thay tm g thng trng hoc tm vi mtxlin bng cc vt

liu khc, nu c kim chng l cc vt liu ny thch hp vi
hiu ng .
Ghi ch - Vi mtxlin c nh ngha mc 6.86 ca tiu chun ISO 4046:
giy mng, mm v dai ng gi, c mt khi lng thng
l t 12g/m2 n 30g/m2. Giy ny ch yu dng ng gi bo
v cc loi hng d v v bc cc qu biu.

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Thit b phi c b tr trong mt bung khng c gi la cho php

quan st c mu th. Th tch ca bung phi lm sao cho lng oxi
khng trong qu trnh th nghim khng lm nh hng mt cch
ng k n kt qu th nghim. Mu th phi c lp t cch
mt ca bung t nht l 100mm. Sau mi ln th nghim, bung
cn c thng gi lm sao cho khng kh c cha cc sn phm b
phn hu thot ht ra khi bung.
5. Mc nghim ngt
Nhit ca u si dy tc t v thi gian t nhit vo
mu th phi c quy nh. Xem cc t 1, 2, 3 ca IEC 695-2-1.
6. nh c v kim tra h thng o nhit
6.1. nh c
Vic nh c h thng o nhit phi c tin hnh nhit
9600C bng cch s dng mt t giy bng bc c nguyn cht
99,8% lm phng php chun c kch thc gn bng 2mm2 v 0,06 b
dy t ln mt trn ca u dy tc t.
Ngi ta nung nng dy tc t v nhit 960 0C s t 9600C
khi t giy bc chy ra.
6.2. Cch kim tra
Cn kim tra mt cch nh k tnh chnh xc ca h thng o
nhit ca dy tc t.
H thng c xem l lm vic t yu cu nu nh cc ln sau
thc hin quy trnh m t mc 6.1, h thng o nhit ch mt
gi tr khc 9600C 5K thi.
Nu nh s ch vt ra ngoi gam th h thng o nhit cn
c sa cha hoc thay th.
Sau mi ln kim tra, cn lau u dy tc t sch ht du vt
ca bc bng mt ci bn chi bng kim loi chng hn.
7. iu kin nhit
Trc lc th nghim tm g thng trng v tm vi mtxlin phi c
trong mt mi trng kh quyn c nhit gia 150C v 350C v
m tng i gia 45% v 75% trong 24h.
Mu th phi c gia cng nh quy nh trong cc t 1, 2, 3 ca IEC
695-2-1.

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8. Cc php o ban u
Cc chi tit u c quy nh trong cc t 1, 2, v 3 ca IEC 695-2-1.

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9. Th tc th nghim
Cn ch
Cn c cc bin php bo v nhn vin thc hin cc th nghim
chng:
- nguy c n hoc nguy c chy
- ht phi khi v/hoc cc cht c
- cc cht c tn d li
9.1. Mu th phi c lp lm sao cho tn hao nhit khi gi
v phng tin bt cht l khng ng k.
Mu th phi c b tr lm sao :
- mt tip xc vi u ca dy tc t l thng ng
- u dy tc t phi c t vo phn ca mt mu th
c kh nng chu cc ng lc nhit khi vn hnh bnh thng.
9.2. Trc mi ln th nghim u ca dy tc t cn c lau
sch cc cn vt liu c th nghim, bng bn chi kim loi
chng hn.
9.3. Dy tc t mang in nhit quy nh (xem iu 5)
c o bng mt nhit ngu c nh c. Cn ch m bo cho
nhit v dng in t nng c gi nguyn khng i
trong thi gian t nht l 60s trc khi bt u th nghim, v m
bo l mu th khng c chu mt bc x nhit no trong thi gian
hoc trong khi nh c bng cch s dng mt khong cch thch
hp hoc dng mt mn chn thch hp.
9.4. Sau cho u dy tc t tip xc vi mu th trong thi
gian c quy nh (xem iu 5). Dng in t nng phi c
gi khng i trong thi gian . Sau thi gian , dy tc t
v mu th tch xa nhau ra chm chm v khng tip tc t
nng mu th na v khng lm cho kh chuyn ng c th lm
nh hng n kt qu th nghim.
Khi x dch u dy tc t qua mu th nu p gia mu th
th phi hn ch c khong cch l 7mm.
Nu mt mu th qua th nghim v dy tc t ko theo
phn ln vt liu bt la th cn c ghi vo bo cc th nghim.
9.5. S lng mu th cn thit c quy nh trong cc t 1, 2, 3 ca
IEC 695-2-1.
10. Quan st v o c
Cc chi tit c quy nh trong cc t 1, 2, 3 ca IEC 695-2-1.

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11. nh gi kt qu th nghim
Cc chi tit c quy nh trong cc t 1, 2, 3 ca IEC 695-2-1.

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12. Cc thng tin cn c cung cp trong bn quy cch k thut

tng ng
Cc thng tin phi nu ln:
- s lng mu th,
- cch gia cng mu th v cc php o ban u,
- lp lt c dng,
- b mt cn th nghim v im t,
- cc mc nghim ngt,
- quan st v o c
- cc tiu chun nh gi.
Cc chi tit u cho trong cc t 1, 2, 3 ca IEC 695-2.

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Cc kch thc tnh bng mm; Detail Z : Chi tit c hnh ch Z

1. Dy tc t c lm vy 3
2. Nhit ngu - ghi cch hiu chnh bt cht rp
kht
3. Bn tip xc
Hnh 1 - Dy tc t v v tr t nhit ngu

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Cc kch thc tnh bng mm

1. Gi mu th
2. Bn trt

7.
la

3. Dy cp ko cng

8.

Thang o thm nhp

4. Khung my

9.

Dy tc t

5. Qu t

10. Mm hng cc mc tiu

ca mu th ri xung

6. u chn

Thang o chiu cao ngn

Hnh 2a

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Cc kch thc tnh bng mm

1. Gi mu th

6. u chn

2. Vt iu chnh cao

7. Thang o cao ngn la

3. Dy cp ko cng

8. iu chnh thm nhp

4. Khung my

9. Dy tc t

5. Qu t

10. Cht chn

Hnh 2b - Thit b th nghim (dng lm mu)

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