International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882

Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

A SURVEY ON GENERATION OF MOBILE WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

Bhavana Nishikant Shende1, Prof. Geetanjali Kale2
1

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Mumbai University, Mumbai

2
Department of Electronics, Mumbai University, Mumbai

softwares. We can say that 5G technology is going to be

new revolution in mobile market.

Abstract
Now days, Mobile has become very essential, can say
necessary or important part of our daily life. To transfer
the information between two or more points which are
not connected by any electrical conductor that is wireless
communication. The distance may be short or long. It
consists of various types of fixed mobiles, cellular
telephones, portable radios, PDAs. In this paper, we will
survey on the development of different mobile wireless
technologies along with their advantages of one over the
other. In the past mobile wireless technology have
experience 4 or 5 generation that is 0G to 4G.Nowdays
mobile wireless technology Focus on new challenging
research on advanced implementation of 4G technology
and 5G technology. Now 5G is not officially used.
Concept is only theory not real.

2. Zero Generation Technology (0G)

Zero Generation[7] is the mobile telephony standard
for mobile radio telephone. This mobile based service
based on Handover. They were the predecessors of the
first generation (1G) of cellular telephones, these
systems are called zero generation (0G). Technologies
were used in 0G are Push to talk(PTT), Mobile
Telephone System (MTS),IMTS,AMTS systems, MTD
(Mobile telephony system D),OLT (Offentlig
Landmobile Telephoni or Public Land Mobile
Telephony).These mobile telephones were usually
mounted in cars or trucks.

Keywords 0G,1G,2G,3G,4G,5G

I.

Introduction

Todays having mobile[3] is very common thing.Todays

phone having everything
like small size,large
memory,audio and video facility,camera,speed dialing
facility and many more applications. Nowdays,cell
phone givers very tough compitation to laptop
manufacturers and computer designers.The cellular
concept was launched with 1G technology,but the
quality of wireless communication is not superior,so the
digital communication has replaced by analog
communication that is 2G technology,which can halp to
improved quality of wireless communication.3G
technology have faster data transmission speed,more
advanced network services.4G provides little bit same
features as 3G,but some additional facilities are like to
watch TV programs with more clearly, and send data
more quickly than preivious generations.5G technology
provides very high speed comparing with other
generations. The 5G technology include all advanced
features which makes the 5G technology is most
dynamic technology and in big demand in feature.5G
technology having superb capability to supports the

Fig.1:0G Mobile Phone

3. First generation Technology (1G)

The first generation [7] of wireless telephone
technology. These are the analog telecommunications
standards that were introduced in the 1980s.[1] Analog
transmission used for transmitting voice signals. 1G
technology replaced 0G technology, which featured
mobile radio telephones and technologies as Advanced
Mobile Telephone System (AMTS), Improved Mobile
Telephone Service (IMTS) Mobile Telephone System
(MTS), Push to Talk (PTT). 1G wireless networks used
analog radio signals. During 1G, a voice call gets
modulated to a frequency about 150MHz and up as it is
transmitted between radio towers. It can be done using a

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access

(FDMA). 1G has low capacity unreliable handoff, poor
voice links and no security since voice calls. In USA
AMPS was first 1G standard launched in 1982.Its speed
upto 2.4kbps.Frequency range of 1G typically
150MHz.It allows the voicecalls in1country.There are
some drawbacks of 1G, like Poor voice quality, poor
battery
life,limitedcapacity,nosecurity,poorhandoff
realibility. So to overcome these drawback,we moved to
2G technology.
Fig.3: 2G Mobile Phone
4.1. 2.5G GPRS(General Packet Radio Service): It is
2.5G cellular wireless technology developed in between
above 2G and Below 3G. GPRS provide data rates from
56 kbit/s up to 115 kbit/s. Services such as WAP, MMS,
SMS mobile games are supported by 2.5G
networks.GPRS networks are very applicable for
internet based content and packet based data services.

Fig.2: 1G Mobile Phone

4. Second generation Technology (2G)

Second generation 2G[7] cellular telecom networks were
launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991. 2G
technologies provides the various mobile phone
networks services such as text messages, picture
messages and MMS (multimedia messages). Text
messages sent over 2G are digitally encrypted, allowing
to transfer data in a way that only the proposed receiver
can receive and read it. Some benefits of 2G were
Digital signals consume less battery power, so it helps
mobile batteries to last long. Digital coding improves the
voice claerness and reduces noise. Digital signals are
considered environment friendly.2G technology uses
digital mobile access technology such as Time division
multiple access (TDMA) and Code division multiple
access (CDMA).Function of TDMA divides signal in
time slots while as CDMA allocates each user a code to
communicate over a multiplex physical channel. It was
planned for voice transmission with digital signal and
the speeds up to 64kbps.GSM, PDC, IDEN, I.S-136 are
TDMA technologies.IS-95 is CDMA technology. GSM
is also stands for Global system for mobile
communication. More than 212 countries in the world
used GSM[6]. The first who help establish international
roaming that is GSM technology.

4.2. 2.75 EDGE (Enhanced data rates for GSM

evolution): EDGE technology is the advanced version
over GSM. It provides the clear data and fast
transmission information. It transmits data 384Kbps. It
is developed for increasing the bandwidth of GPRS
technology. EDGE technology is best over GSM
because of its flexibility to carry the packet switch data
and circuit switch data.EDGE is based on the eightphase-shift-keying (8PSK) modulation that allows much
higher bit rate across the air interface.The advantage of
EDGE technology is ,it does not need to install any
additional hardware and software.There are no additional
charges for exploiting this EDGE technology.EDGE
uses FDMA/CDMA multiple access technology.

5. Third generation Technology (3G)

3G [2][4] is the third generation of mobile phone
standards and technology. 3G systems have been
established ITUs project on International Mobile
Telecommunications 2000 (IMT-2000). One of the most
important factor of 3G wireless technologies is to
combine existing cellular standards, such as CDMA,
GSM, and TDMA. 3G technology is also able to
transmit packet switch data and increased bandwidth.
Transmission speed is 125kbps to 2Mbps.Voice calls
are interpreted using circuit switching. The 3G
technology provides lots of functions like Access Global
Roaming and Clearness in voice calls, speedy
Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, Video
Conferencing, Video Calling, Multi Media Messaging
Service (MMS), 3D gaming etc. are also available with
3G phones. The aim of 3G[7] to allow more coverage

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

and growth with minimum investment. The 3G

Technology provides fast data transfer rates than 2G
technology. 3G technology is flexible, because it is able
to support the 5 major radio technologies. These radio
technologies operate under multiplexing techniques that
is CDMA, TDMA and FDMA.CDMA holds for IMTDS (direct spread),IMT-MC (multi carrier).3G
technology have greater network capacity and more
advanced network services. W-CDMA, GSM EDGE,
UMTS, DECT, Wi-Max and CDMA 2000 are 3G
technologies.3G is a mix of circuit and packet switching
network.

Fig.4: 3G Mobile Phone

5.1: Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
(UMTS): UMTS is improve from GSM via GPRS or
EDGE. The standardization work for UMTS is carried
out by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP).The
Data rates of UMTS are 144 kbps for rural,384 kbps for
urban outdoor and 2048 kbps for indoor .UMTS
architecture having three domains1. Core Network (CN),
2.UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN),
3.User Equipment(UE). The various identities like IMSI,
TMSI, P-TMSI, TLLI, MSISDN, IMEI, IMEISV.
5.2:3.5G HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet
Access): HSDPA is a packet-based data service which
provides data transmission up to 8-10 Mbit/s (and 20
Mbit/s for MIMO systems)for WCDMA downlink over
a 5MHz bandwidth in WCDMA downlink. A soft
evolutionary path for UMTS based 3G networks
allowing for higher data transfer speeds. While
Implementing the HSDPA, it contain Adaptive
Modulation and Coding (AMC), fast cell search,
advanced receiver design, MIMO, Hybrid Automatic
Request (HARQ). HSDPA increases the download
speeds up to 3.5 times.
5.3: 3.75G HSUPA (High-Speed Uplink Packet Access):
The HSUPA mobile telecommunications technology is
straight way connected to HSDPA and the two are
complimentary to one another. HSUPA was
standardized in 3GPP Release 6 and combined with

High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA), is

commonly referred to as High Speed Packet Access
(HSPA). High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA) is
uplink evolution technology. HSUPA will initially
improve the UMTS / WCDMA uplink up to 1.4Mbps
and in later up to 5.8Mbps. HSUPA will develop
advanced person-to-person data applications with higher
data rates, such as mobile e-mail.
6. Fourth generation Technology (4G)
It is advanced technology over [9]3G technology having
more bandwidth.4G technology describe in one word
that is MAGIC, M stands for Mobile multimedia, A
stands for Anywhere, G stands for Global mobility
solutions, I stands for Integrated wireless, C stands for
Customized services.[8]4G is the conceptual framework,
it will provide smooth global roaming[5].Two 4G
systems are commercially deployed: 1.Mobile Wi max
standard (first used in South Korea in 2007),2. Long
term evolution (LTE) standard. 4G LTE is standard
for wireless communication of high speed data for
mobile phones and data terminals. It is based on
the GSM/EDGE and
UMTS/HSPA networktechnology.T4G provides lots of
features like, Global mobility, service portability, high
speed, Security, high capacity, seamless switching.
Applications of 4G are Tele-medicine education, Virtual
navigation,
Tele-geo
processing
application.
Technologies used in 4G are IPv6, OFDM, VoIP,
Software Defined radio (SDR)system, Smart antennas
for multiple input multiple output(MIMO).

Fig.5: 4G Mobile Phone

6.1: IPv6: To support a large number of wireless enabled
devices. By increasing the number of IP address, IPv6
removes need for Network address Translation (NAT).
IPv6 enables number of applications with security and
route optimization capabilities.
6.2: VoIP Technology: Voice over internet protocol
(VoIP) it allows packets to be transferred removed

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International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 0882
Volume 5, Issue 2, February 2016

complications of 2 protocols over the same circuit. It

increases the battery life due to greater data
compression.

network.It gives very high Uploading and downloading

speed.5G technology is going to give tough compitation
to computers and laptops.

6.3: OFDM Technology: Orthogonal Frequency division

multiplexing (OFDM), it allows to transfer more data
than other forms multiplexing (Time, Frequency, Code)
etc. In OFDM technology, the frequencies are spaced so
that the signals do not interfere with each other (No
crosstalk).
6.4: Smart antennas: It resolves the problem of spectrum.
Smart antennas having some advantages are increased
capacity, increased range, reduction in handoff rate,
increase security.

7. Fifth Generation Technology (5G)

5G technology powerful and in huge demand in near
future,because 5G [7]technology will include all type
advanced features. 4G technology have some drawbacks
like,high speed train user, high enery consumption
,complex hardware, its hard to implement. So to
overcome this drawback need to implement 5G
technology. The aim is to connect the whole world, and
Achieve seamless and complete communications
Between people to people,people to machine, machine to
machine,anywhere,whenever they need, by using any
electronic devices,services or networks. 5G networks
should be able to support communications which are not
supported by 4G networks .Example is for high-speed
train user.The 4G network can support to high speed
train users up to 250Km/h and with help of 5G network
it can reach upto 350 to 500Km/h. 5G technology
includes lots of functionalities like camera, MP3
recording, video player, large phone memory, dialing
speed, audio player etc. 5G technology has super data
capabilities. 5G technology has a very bright future
because it can handle all best technologies and provide
priceless handset to customers. So in coming days 5G
technology take over the complete market. 5G
Technologies have an extraordinary ability to support
Software and Consultancy. The coming 5G technology
is available in market in minimum rates, more reliability
than previous technologies. It provides faster data
transmission speed compared with other generations.
Features offered by 5G technology are it offers high
resolution for cellphone users,5G technology makes
advanced biling interface is more effective and
attractive,5G technology is providing large broadcasting
of data in gigabit which supporting almost 65,000
connections.The remote diagnosis is also very great
feature of 5 G technology. It also support virtual support

Fig 6: 5G Mobile Phone

8. CONCLUSION
In this paper,we surveying on various mobile wireless
generations(1G,2G,3G,4G and 5G) based on their
performances, advantages, disadvantages,and how they
are important in our daily life. In4G many standards and
technologies, which are still in developing process.4G
has some limitations so will moved to 5G technology
with the idea of (WWWW )world wide wireless web,
offering more services inexpensive cost. 5G should be
more intelligent technology that joints whole world
without limits.

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