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Abstract
This talk present the basic theory and philosophy for IEC
62305-X LPS as compared and contrasted to NFPA 780.
We will present two reports for the LPS design of the same
structure prepared by industry experts from the IEC 62305
and NFPA 780 schools of thought.
Caveat: IEC 62305 is a very complex multi-part document,
and this talk will only scratch the surface at a high level.
For more detailed information see DEHNs Lightning
Protection Guide, 3rd Edition, ISBN 978-9813770-1-9, free
pdf download available from www.dehn-international.com
General
principles
Part 2
Risk
management
Part 3
Physical damage to
structures and life hazard
Part 4
Electrical and
electronic
systems within
structures
IEC 62305-1
Lightning threat
IEC 62305-2
Lightning risk
LP
LPS
IEC
62305-3
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
SPM
IEC
62305-4
Protection measures
24.06.13 / 6669_E_2
lightning equipotential
bonding
separation distances
earth-termination system
down-conductor system
air-termination system
01.07.13 / 1534_E_1
AGENDA
Example building for comparison of IC and NFPA LPS
Risk Analysis
Lightning Protection Levels
Air termination system
Down conductors
Earth termination system
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
08.11.12 / 8161_E_1
Example Building
This example IEC LPS design criteria is based on a structure with LPS IEC
Class III requirements which are typical commercial buildings
Class III implies a protection system capable of intercepting lightning
strikes with currents as low as 10 kA and as high as 100 kA 10/350 us.
The rolling sphere method has been employed to develop a safety canopy
constructed with a geometry of a 45 m radius and down conductors
system capable of handling 100 kA currents. .
The earthing ring around the building serves in place of individual,
dedicated earthing rods.
This design achieves full protection with eight total rods and allows
flexible use of the space for future changes or equipment installation.
Here is an image of the IEC Lightning Protection System for this example
structure.
Note the rolling sphere blanket of coverage
The NFPA LPS design is based on the standard NFPA Class I lightning
protection system for lower height ordinary building not more than
75ft tall.
For this class of structure there is no requirement for a rolling sphere,
so the basic air termination placement, down conductor cross section
design and earthing rod matching system are employed per relevant
NFPA 780 clauses.
To meet the standard, each air termination rod height is selected at
24in tall, with interconnection along the roof and down conductors
terminating into a dedicated earthing rod. Additional 18 in rods were
added for the roof mounted air handling units, and along the loading
dock structure.
estimated cost of
material
$
7,500
$
5,000
estimated cost
total
installation
$
2,400 $
$
3,600 $
9,900
8,600
Risk Analysis
Risk assessment
risk
Structure
unprotected
Insure
against the risk
risk
control
by
protection
measures
residual risk
total risk
for the
structure
tolerable
risk RT
structure
protected
06.06.13 / 5761_E_1
Sources of damage
S1:
Flashes to a structure;
S2:
S3:
Flashes to a line;
S4:
Source of damage
RISK
31.07.13 / 6008_E_2
Types of damage
Sources of damage
Schadensquelle
RISKTypes of
damage
D1:
D2:
D3:
31.07.13 / 6210_E_1
Types of loss
Sources of damage
RISKTypes of
damage
Types of loss
31.07.13 / 6211_E_1
Risk Assessment
18.07.12 / 2541_E_1
IEC 62305-3:2010
LPL
Class of LPS
II
II
III
III
IV
IV
24.06.13 / 6019_E_2
IEC 62305-3:2010
11.02.13 / 6019_E_1
Typical
distances
(m)
Protection method
Rolling
sphere
radius
r (m)
20
Mesh
size
w (m)
Protection angle
a ()
80
5x5
10
10 x 10
10
IV
15 x 15
15
60
H (m)
20 x 20
20
70
60
II
30
50
40
30
III
IV
45
60
20
10
0
0 2
LPS I
10
20
II
30
III
40
50
24.06.13 / 6119_E_3
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_1
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_2
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_3
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_4
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_6
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_7
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_13
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_14
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_15
Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
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Source: www.lightningtech.com/f_sets/facilities.html
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
12.08.13 / 2930_E_20
LPL
3 kA (99 %)
II
5 kA (97 %)
(99 %) 200 kA
(98 %) 150 kA
III
IV
05
50
100
150
200
Ipeak/kA
10.02.14 / 5933_E_1
Air Terminals
Self-supporting air-termination
rod
Tripod for protecting roofmounted structures
Adaptation to the roof pitch
up to max. 10
For wind load zone II + III
Heights from 2.5 m to 14 m
2.5 m
3.0 m
3.5 m
4.0 m
4.5 m
5.0 m
5.5 m
6.0 m
6.5 m
7.0 m
7.5 m
8.0 m
8.5 m
27.09.12 / 8498_E_1
Here is an image of the IEC Lightning Protection System for this example
structure.
Note the rolling sphere blanket of coverage
rolling sphere
diameter
according to the
type of lightning
protection
system
defined striking
points
28.05.13 / 2700_E_1
3D concept development
19./20.01.15 / MKN
Down Conductors
Down-conductor systems
Typical preferred distances per IEC and NFPA
In accordance with IEC 62305-3:2010, Table 4
Class of LPS
Typical distances
[m]
10
II
10
III
15
IV
20
DEHN recommends:
Typical distance between
down conductors 10 m
on administration and
industrial buildings.
test joint
04.02.13 / 1188_E_1
A system of at least 10
down conductors
complying with 5.3.5 is
employed.
3m
3m
23.02.13 / 2934_E_1
down
conductor
insulated to a
value of 100 kV
(1.2/50 s)
insulation
of 3 m
clamp
Ref: IEC 62305-3 :2010; 8.1
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
05.02.13 / 2934_E_2
CUI Conductor
Application
detail
04.02.13 / 6478_E_1
Earthing
at least 0.5 m
type A
0.5 m
at least 5 m
type B
connector
at least
1m
at least 2.5 m
9 m recommended
connector
11.04.13 / 6691_E_1
Earth-termination systems
Type B arrangement, ring or foundation earth electrode
MEB
1m
This type of
arrangement
comprises either a ring
conductor external to
the structure to be
protected, in contact
with the soil for at
least 80 % of its total
length,
or
a foundation earth
electrode. Such earth
electrodes may also be
meshed.
17.07.13 / 6031_E_1
l1 [m]
70
60
class I
50
40
30
class II
20
class III + IV
10
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
[m]
24.06.13 / 1173_E_1
Summary
UL will now offer a UL Master Label for IEC 62305 compliant lightning
protection systems.
IEC 62305 risk assessment is normative, NFPA less detailed risk assessment is
informative.
IEC 62305 risk assessment results in four LPS classes, with air termination,
down conductor, and earth termination systems dependent on LPS class.
NFPA 780 risk assessment results in a go/no go one size fits all LPS, with a
rolling sphere equivalent to IEC LPS Class 3.
NEC requires risk assessment for critical operations power systems (COPS)
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
Inspection and
Maintenance
IEC 62305-3:2010
IEC 62305-3:2010
b)
07.02.13 / 6017_E_4
IEC 62305-3:2010
07.02.13 / 6017_E_5
Protection
level
Visual
inspection
year
I and II
Complete
inspection
year
Critical situations a, b
complete inspection
year
III and IV
2
4
1
a Lightning protection systems utilized in applications involving structures with
a risk caused by explosive materials should be visually inspected every 6
months. Electrical testing of the installation should be performed once a year.
An acceptable exception to the yearly test schedule would be to perform the
tests on a 14 to 15 month cycle where it is considered beneficial to conduct
earth resistance testing over different times of the year to get an indication of
seasonal variations.
b
07.02.13 / 6105_E_1
IEC 62305-3:2010
reference
value < 1
0.8
07.02.13 / 960_E_1
0.7
07.02.13 / 960_E_2
0.2
07.02.13 / 960_E_3
07.02.13 / 960_E_4
07.02.13 / 960_E_5
12
earthing conductor
has to be disconnected
HE
24.06.13 / 960_E_6
82
83
23.07.13 / 6048_E_2
FDB
PC
PC
FDB
PC
PC
Server
EB
EB
MEB
FDB: Floor Distribution Board; MEB: Main Equipotential Bonding; EB: Equipotential Bonding
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
24.06.13 / 1535_E_1
ventilation
system/air
conditioning
FDB
PC
PC
FDB
PC
PC
Server
EB
EB
MEB
FDB: Floor Distribution Board; MEB: Main Equipotential Bonding; EB: Equipotential Bonding
2016 DEHN + SHNE / protected by ISO 16016
19.09.13 / 8371_E_1
IEC 62305-3:2010
6.3 Electrical insulation of the external LPS
6.3.1 General
Electrical insulation between the air-termination or the down-conductor
and the structural metal parts, the metal installations and the internal
systems can be achieved by providing a separation distance, s, between the
parts. The general equation for the calculation of s is given by:
ki depends on the selected class of LPS (see Table 10);
km depends on the electrical insulation material (see Table 11);
kc
s = ki l
km
kc depends on the (partial) lightning current flowing on the airtermination and the down-conductor (see Table 12 and
Annex C);
l
23.02.13 / 6045_E_1
kc
s = ki l [m]
km
kc
kT=dependent on
protection class LPL
e. g. LPL III = 0.04
s
km
l
electric conductor
ki
0.08
II
0.06
III and IV
0.04
Insulating material
km
Air
Concrete, bricks
0.5
DEHNiso
0.7*
*value of DEHNiso
determined by DEHN
in laboratory tests
24.06.13 / 6045_E_4
DEHNsupport Toolbox
17.07.13 / 5877_E_2