Ch 5: Biological Diversity and

Conservation

5.1 - Biological
Diversity

Section 5.1

What is Biodiversity?
Island Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity

Section 5.1

What is Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers to the
________ of life in a given area.
We measure biodiversity by the
number of ________ present.
Example: A corn field may
contain two species of beetles,
but a rain forest may contain
5,000.

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Inside This Section...

Section 5.1

Where do we Find the Most Biodiversity?

The ________ the climate the
more biodiversity you find.
Canada has 163 different
species of mammals, the US
has 367, and Mexico has
439.
Tropical rain forests, coral
reefs, and large tropical
lakes are the richest
habitats for _____________.

Section 5.1

If all ________ factors are

the same then the ________
islands will have greater
biodiversity.
When a smaller island is in
a ________ climate then a
larger island, the smaller
island will probably have a
greater biodiversity.

Section 5.1

Island Biodiversity

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Island Biodiversity

Section 5.1

Importance of Biodiversity
Biodiversity adds to the ________ of nature
_______________________: Breaking any one
part of a food chain can have devastating
affects on a community
Biodiversity brings _________ to an
ecosystem
Cornfield and diseases as compared to a
rain forest where the same species is
spread out.
Species are like _______ holding together
an airplane.

Section 5.1

Biodiversity gives humans:

________ supplied
CO2 removed
Variety in _____
Cloth production
Increase ___________________ by
crossbreeding
Medicines e.g. penicillin

Section 5.1

Extinction
Extinction refers to the
________________ of a species when the
last of its members dies.
Since 1980, 40 species of plants
and animals have become extinct
in the US alone.
______________________ are those
species who's numbers are declining
rapidly.
______________________ are those
species whos numbers are so low
that extinction is possible.

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Importance to People

Section 5.1

Extinction
Changes to Habitats can
threaten organisms with
____________
These changes are the causes of
threats to _____________

Section 5.1

Habitat ______
Habitat ________________
Habitat ______________
Introduction of _______
__________

Section 5.1

Habitat Loss
The biggest threat to _____________.
When habitats are lost, the essentials of life are lost
for species that depend on those ___________.
Examples:
Making a meadow into a mall parking lot.
Draining a swamp for housing developments.
Mining coral reefs for building material and
collecting for souvenirs and aquarium decorations

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4 Threats to Biodiversity

Section 5.1

Habitat Fragmentation
Separation of wilderness
areas from other wilderness
areas
Roads
Cities
Habitats can become virtual
islands
Smaller islands support
less biodiversity

Section 5.1

_______ Issues
Restricts the range of
organisms
For migratory organisms, if
range is restricted, they can
starve (i.e. zebra and wildebeest)
_________ Issues
Can cause climate change
_____________: the different
conditions along the boundaries
of an ecosystem

Section 5.1

Habitat Fragmentation
Damage to a habitat by
pollution.
Three types of pollution
____ pollution
______ pollution
_____ pollution

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Habitat Fragmentation

Section 5.1

Air Pollution
Can cause ____________
problems and irritation of
membranes in the eyes and
nose.
Burning _____________ is the
greatest source of air
pollution

Section 5.1

Degrades ________ habitats

Excess fertilizer carried by
rain into streams cause ______
________
Detergents, heavy metals and
industrial chemicals in runoff
can cause sickness or death in
_________ environments

Section 5.1

Land Pollution
The average American produces
about 1.8 kg of solid waste
daily - 657 kg/year.
Buried in ___________ - destroys
wildlife habitats by taking up
space and polluting the
immediate area.
_____ used to be a common
insecticide
Caused thin shells in eggs

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Water Pollution

Section 5.1

Introduction of Exotic Species

________________: species not common in a particular
area
Grow at _____________ rate due to lack of predators
and competitors.

Section 5.1

What is Biodiversity?
Island Biodiversity
Importance of Biodiversity
Threats to Biodiversity

Ch 5: Biological Diversity and

Conservation

5.2 - Conservation of
Biodiversity

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In Review...

Section 5.2

Inside This Section...

Conservation Biology
3 Methods for Preserving Biodiversity
Endangered and Threatened Species

Section 5.2

Conservation biology is a new field of biology that

studies methods and implements plans to protect
______________.
Concerned with:
_________________________
___________________________

Section 5.2

U.S. Endangered Species Act

President Nixon signed this law into effect in 1973
Under this law it became illegal to to harm any species
on the _____________ or _____________ species list.
This law also made it illegal for the federal
government to ______ any project that would harm any
animals on this list.

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Conservation Biology

Section 5.2

3 Methods for Preserving Biodiversity

Preserving ___________
Habitat ____________
________________ Programs

Section 5.2

One strategy for

conservation is to protect a
whole ____________.
This is done by setting up
nature ____________.
In 1872 the first national
park in America was set up,
its name was ______________.

Section 5.2

Habitat Corridors
Habitat Corridors are
protected strips of land
that allow for the
___________ of organisms
from one land area to
another.

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Preserving Habitats

Section 5.2

Reintroduction Programs
Reintroduction Programs release
organisms into an area where
their ________ once lived.
The most successful programs
occur when organism are moved
from one __________________ and
placed in a new one.
An organism held by people is said
to be in __________

Young humpback chub swimming in

Shinumo Creek

Section 5.2

Section 5.2

Endangered Species
Over 19,000 plants and 5,000 Animals are
classified as Endangered

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Animal Rights

Section 5.2

California Condor
The California condor, considered
for years to be the most endangered
species of bird in the United States,
was removed from the wild in 1988
in an attempt to increase its numbers
through ______________________________
directed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife
Service. Only recently have the first
captive hatchlings been reintroduced
into the wild.

Section 5.2

Subsequent _________________
and hunting of the
Przewalskis horse by
human beings caused such a
drastic decline in the
population that the
Przewalskis horse
disappeared from the wild.

Section 5.2

The American Alligator

The American alligator, declared an _____________ species in 1967

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Przewalskis Horse

Section 5.2

Scimitar-Horned Oryx
The Scimitar-horned Oryx
inhabits the semi-arid
southern edge of the
________.

Section 5.2

The Tibetan yak is most

closely related to the
African buffalo, the
American bison, and the
European ______.

Section 5.2

In Review...
Conservation Biology
3 Methods for Preserving Biodiversity
Endangered and Threatened Species

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The Tibetan Yak