Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Manager
US Bellow
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s, Inc.
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Presentation Summary
Bellows Movement & Motion
Bellows Fabrication and Terminology
Expansion Joint Testing
Type and Applications of Expansion Joints
Expansion Joint Accessories
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Manufacturing Facility
EJMA Member
ASME U-Stamp
ASME R-Stamp
ASME NS Certified
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Chemical &
Petrochemical
Stationary Engine
Exhaust
Power
Heat
Exchangers
Municipal Water
Districts
Aerospace Turbo
Engine Exhaust
District
Energy
FCC Units
Waste Water
Treatment
Truck Exhaust
Gas Turbines
U.S. Navy
Solid Waste
Incineration
Heavy Metal
Steam
Distribution
Kilns
Environmental
Applications
Geothermal
Power Plants
Furnace Sealing
Bags
Liquefied Natural
Gas (LNG) Service
Refinery
Research &
Development
HVAC Building
Heating & Cooling
Systems
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Lateral Movement
Angular Movement
Torsional Movement
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Bellows Basics
Bellows Material Types
Depending on the style or design of a bellows, wall thicknesses may
range from:
.010" TO .500" wall with varying
number of plies in the various alloys
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Bellows Basics
INSIDE DIAMETER
OUTSIDE
DIAMETER
LIVE-LENGTH OF
BELLOWS
PITCH
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WALL THICKNESS
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Bellows Basics
EFFECTIVE
AREA
IT IS APPROXIMATELY
EQUAL TO THE
AREA OF A CIRCLE LYING
HALFWAY BETWEEN THE CONVOLUTIONS INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
DIAMETERS.
USED TO CALCULATE END THRUST LOAD WHICH WILL BE
PRODUCED.
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Bellows Basics
SPRING RATE
THE LOAD IN POUNDS REQUIRED TO COMPRESS A BELLOWS
ONE INCH (lb/in).
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Value-Added Services
Performance Assurance Program
Hydrostatic Testing
Burst Test
Magnetic Particle
Ultrasonic
Cycle Test
Burst Test
Helium Leak Detection
Liquid Penetrant
Inspection
Radiography Test
Positive Material
Identification (PMI) Test
Pneumatic Testing
Spring Rate Testing
Fatigue Testing
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Value-Added Services
Stresses
Temperature Change
Repetitive Mechanical
Movements
Vibrations
Cycle Test on a 12" diameter A240-321SS Bellows with 8 convolutions.
The bellows has met the EMJA cycle life calculation of 1,000 cycles and
failed in the root of the convolutions at 1,285 cycles.
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* Data tables for single expansion joints can be found in our online catalog: usbellows.com/data
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605 Single Expansion Joints with Rectangular Plate Flanges and Weld Ends
(6" Dia., 15-3/8" Overall Length, Design Temp.: 525F, Design Pressure: 1 psig)
These Expansion Joints will be Installed in a Heater for a Delayed Coker Unit
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90" Universal Flanged and Flued Head Expansion Joint and Duct Work Assembly
(Designed for a 90" dia. line; includes slotted hinge plates installed across the bellows to carry the weight of the duct
between the bellows and equalize the axial compression between the two bellows)
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Features:
- Absorbs angular rotation
- Eliminates pressure thrust forces
- Transmits shear and wind loads
- Supports dead weight
- Prevents torsion on bellows
- No main anchors required
- Minimum guiding required
- Low forces on piping system
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The deflections to be accepted are handled by the proper type of expansion joint, which
normally, and as shown in the above sketch, is a tied universal type to accept lateral
movements. However, the pressure balanced elbow is usually required because axial
deflections are also present. In order to accept these movements, a bellows is added
beyond the elbow with the same cross-sectional area as the ones in the universal section.
26" Dia. Pressure
Balanced Elbow
Expansion Joint
Refurbished for
an Effluent
Header at Cedar
Bayou Plant
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10 to 24 diameter range
304 stainless steel bellows
Carbon steel shell and flanges
Design conditions: 150 PSIG at 350F
Maximum of 4 compression
Hydrostatically tested
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Most toroidal bellows are hydraulically formed which requires high pressure.
Others are free formed, similar to blowing up a balloon. More accurate
convolution shapes may be formed into toroidal dye cavities. Since this forming
pressure is high, pressure resistance is also high.
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92" Toroidal Bellow Expansion Joint for an ASME U Stamp Heat Exchanger Shell.
(Designed for 400 psig at 500F; extension stroke of 5/16"; the bellows element
was fabricated from .060" Inconel 600 with A-516 Gr. 70 weld ends)
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78" I.D. x 100" O.D. Thick Wall Flanged and Flued Head Expansion Joints
All four expansion joints were fabricated from 1/4 thick ASTM A516 grade 70 carbon steel plate. The
expansion joints were cold formed and heat treated. The weld ends of the expansion joint are beveled,
and drainage plugs are installed in the crest of the bellows.
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Rounded Corner
Camera Corner
Typical convolution geometry's and corner construction details are shown below. The "V" convolution
profile will be supplied with single miter corners, unless otherwise specified. Round corner bellows will
always be constructed using the "U" convolution profile.
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Being relatively thin, the bellows element should be protected on the outside from damage during plant
construction and later maintenance activities. Falling tools, standing on the bellows, contact with pipes,
hangers and equipment, and weld and burning spatter can render a bellows unsafe or unusable. PT&P
offers, as an optional accessory, standard carbon steel removable covers attached to the upstream end
connection, and sized to permit free flexing of the expansion joint.
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It is sometimes desirable to limit the axial expansion or compression of the expansion joint. Limit rods,
shown above, provide freedom of movement over a range determined by the location of nut stops along
the rods. In the event of a main anchor failure, limit rods are designed to prevent bellows overextension while restraining the full pressure thrust of the system.
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EJMA Standards
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EJMA Standards
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Value-Added Services
Emergency Response
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Value-Added Services
Emergency Services
Friday, 5:30pm
Sunday
Saturday
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Value-Added Services
Engineering & Design Department
Field Testing
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Technical Information
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Pressure Balanced
Expansion Joints
Heat Exchanger
Shell Bellows
Fatigue Testing
High Temp
Furnace Seal Bag
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