Professional Documents
Culture Documents
PREPARED BY
MD. GOLAM FARUK
B.SC. IN TEXTILE ENGINEERING
1. DEFINITION OF GARMENT WASHING.
The technology which is used to modify the appearance, outlook comfort ability and fashion of the garments
is called garment washing.
Depending on garments construction different types of washing process can be done.
Twill/Canvas/Knitted/Corduroy - Normal wash, Pigment wash, Caustic ,Si wash
Denim/Jeans/Gabardine - Enzyme wash, Stone wash, Bleach wash , Acid wash
Grey fabric- Super white wash
2. WRITE THE PURPOSE OF WASHING.
Garment washing is the best touch of a garment.
Same type of garments can produce several effects for several wash
Like this:
To create wash look appearance, seems the new touch of fashion.
By the washing technique, faded/old, color or tinted affect .
Washing technique creates new fashion such as tagging, grinding, destroy, blasting, whickering, permanent
wrinkle, deep dye, tie dye, p.p spray, hand crapping, p.p spoonzing etc.
To reduce size materials that imports soft hand feels.
To attraction the customers/buyer by different types of fashionable washing and market development.
Due to washing, shrinkage occurs in the garments. There is no possibility of further shrinkage of the wash
garments.
Any dirt, spot or germ if added in the garments during manufacturing is also removed due to washing.
3. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF DRY PROCESSING.
Hand scrapping
3D whiskering
Broken
Tagging
Wrinkle (Permanent & Overall)
Grinding (Hem,Pocket,Coller,Cuff)
Destroy
PP spray & PP sponging.
4. WRITE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WET PROCESSING.
Normal wash/ garment wash/rinse wash
Pigment wash
Caustic wash
Enzyme wash
Stone wash
Stone enzyme wash
Tinting (Tie) & Over Dyeing(Dip Dyeing)
Super white wash
Bleach wash
Acid wash
Silicon wash
5. WRITE THE MACHINE NAMES WHICH ARE USED IN WASHING PLANT.
Sample washing machine ( horizontal/vertical)
Washing machine
Washing machine
Hydro extractor machine
Dryer machine
Dryer machine
Chemical mixture machine
Industrial oven
Boiler
Submersible pump
Grinding machine
Tagging machine
Steam chamber for crinkle
E.T.P
Generator
Sand blasting gun
Sand blasting chamber
Spray gun and dummy
Screw compressor
14. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR PIGMENT/CAUSTIC WASH PROCESS.
1.Caustic soda
4. Acetic acid
2.Soda ash
5. Flax softener
3.Detergent
6. Silicon
15. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR ENZYME WASH.
Desizing agent
Detergent
Anti back staining agent
Acetic acid
Cationic softener
Chlorine bleach
Soda ash
Sodium hypo sulphite
Sodium bi carbonate
Silicon.
16. WRITE THE DESIZING/ FIRST STEP OF CAUSTIC WASH PROCESS.
Lot size: - ...................... 80 kg.
Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8.............. 640 Liter
Machine Running.
Add Caustic soda (NAOH)..... @ 1.60 gm / litre........ 1024 gm.
Add Detergent ........................ @ 0.8 gm / litre ............ 512 gm.
Temperature........... 50c to 60c.
Time (Depend upon the shade) ....... 20 to 60 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Wash cold water for 3 mts.
17. WHAT IS THE STANDARD R.P.M OF WASHING MACHINE?
(28-35) RPM
18. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR SOFTNESS OF GARMENTS.
Cationic softener
Silicon
Enzyme
19. WRITE THE CHEMICALS NAME WHICH ARE USED FOR GOOD QUALITY HAND FEEL.
Cationic softener
Silicon
Enzyme
20. WHAT CHEMICAL USE IS FOR PROTECT STAINING/BLEEDING ON GARMENTS.
Anti-back staining agent
21. WHAT PROCESS IS DOING FOR REMOVE STARCH/SIZING MATERIALS FROM THE
GARMENTS?
Desizing process
22. WHY ACETIC ACID IS USED IN ENZYME BATH?
Acetic acid is used in enzyme bath to neutralize the garments from alkaline condition and to control
the ph value of the bath.
Then acid enzyme is given in enzyme wash.
23. WRITE DIFFERENT BETWEEN STEAM DRYER & GAS DRYER.
Steam dryer
Gas dryer
25. DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY ACID ENZYME.
Add water @ L : R = 1 : 8 .............. 450 Liter
Temperature.......................... 45c.
Add Acetic Acid @ 0.6 gm / litre ................... 270 gm.
Add Anti back staining @ 0.6 gm / litre........ 270 gm.
Add Acid Enzyme @ 2.00 gm / litre ................ 900 gm.
Time.............. (Depend upon the shade )...40--60 mts.
Increase temperature to 90c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
Drain the bath. Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.
26. DESCRIBE THE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT BY NEUTRAL ENZYME.
Add water at, L: R = 1: 8.............. 480Liter
Temperature................................ 45c.,
Add Acetic Acid at 0.3 gm / liter..... 135CC
Add Anti Back staining at 0.6 gm / liter ... 270 gm.
Add Neutral Enzyme at 2.00 gm / liter ... 900 gm.
Time... (Depend upon the shade).40- 80 min.
Increase temperature to 90c and run 1 minute (enzyme killing).
Drain the bath.
Rinse Twice, each 3 minutes.
27. HOW CAN DO THE KILLING OF ENZYME IN ENZYME BATH?
For killing of enzyme in enzyme bath the temperature is increased to 900c and run for 1 minute.
Or,
By using ENZYME KILLER.
32. WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME FOR BLEACHING IN BLEACHING BATH OF DENIM
GARMENTS?
(15-25) mts
2) ph= ( 6 to 7)
3) Temperature: (40-60)0C
4) Time: 40-70 min
5) Less staining.
36. WHAT TYPES OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR DARK SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM LONG
PANT & WHY?
Neutral enzyme is used for Dark shade enzyme wash because it comes fading effect slowly.
37. WHAT TYPE OF ENZYME SUITABLE FOR MEDIUM/LIGHT SHADE ENZYME WASH OF DENIM
SKIRT?
Acid enzyme is used for medium /light shade Enzyme wash of denim skirt because it comes enzyme effect quickly than
neutral enzyme.
38. WRITE DESIZING PROCESS OF TWILL LONG PANT FOR ENZYME WASH.
Lot weight (80 pieces) ............ 60 kg denim long pant.
Add water at L : R = 1 : 9
Machine Running.
Add Desizing agent at 0.6 gm / litre
Add Detergent at 0.8 gm / litre
600C & (15-20) min then drop the liquor.
39. WRITE ENZYME BATH PROCESS OF TWILL LONG PANT ENZYME WASH.
Temperature.......................... 45c.
42. WRITE MAIN PROCESS OF STONE ENZYME WASH FOR DENIM LONG PANT.
1.DESIZING:
WATER=700 L 8 MARK
ID ECHO=500 g
SODA ASH=1 kg
60CX20 min
2.WASH 2 TIMES WATER 700 L
00CX2 min
3.ENZYME
WATER=700 L 8 MARK
ACETIC ACID= 200g
ID ECHO=500 g
ACID ENZYME=200g
POWDER ENZYME=700 g
STONE=15 kg
45CX35min
4.WASH 1 TIMES
WATER=700 L 8 MARK
00CX2 min
5.ID ECHO
WATER=700 L 8 MARK
ID ECHO =300g
45CX5 min
6.WASH 1 TIME
WATER=700 L 8 MARK
00CX2 min
7. SEND TO
PP
8. PP NEUTRAL
WATER=600 L 9 MARK
DENIM CALL PACE=1kg
00CX5 min
9.WASH 2 TIMES
WATER=700L , 00CX2 min
10.BLEACH
WATER=700 L , K.C.I.=6 kg
50CXCHECK AS TIME
11.WASH 1 TIME
WATER=700L, 00CX2 min
12.BLEACH NEUTRAL:
WATER=700L
HYPO=2 kg, 00CX5 min
13.WASH 1 TIME
WATER=700 L, 00CX2 min
14. CAUSTIC
WATER=700 L
ID ECHO=100g
CAUSTIC = 200g
SOF PEC(SILICON)=50 g
WASH 1 TIME
15(last step).ph CONTROL+SOFTNER
WATER=400L 11 MARK
ACETIC ACID=300 g
NORMAL SOFTNER=2kg
00CX3 min
SIGNAURE (Check and Delivery):
43. WRITE THE FUNCTION OF ANTISTAIN, DETERGENT, AND POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE,
MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, OPTICAL BRIGHTENER, AND DESIZING
AGENT.
ANTISTAIN: To protect the garment from staining , bleeding.
DETERGENT: To remove dust, dirt and other impurities from the garments.
POTASSIUM PER MANGANATE: after desizing it is sprayed in garments area.
It helps for color out from garment during Enzyme wash.
MICRO EMULSION SOFTENER: To soft the garment and get better hand feel.
HYDROGEN PEROXIDE: Enhances bleach to produce light shade.
OPTICAL BRIGHTENER: For more whitening grey fabrics.
DESIZING AGENT: Removes the sizing material from the garment
44. DESCRIBE ONLY BLEACHING PROCESS OF BLEACH WASH OF DENIM LONG PANT.
Add water @ L: R = 1: 8.............. 480 litres.
Machine running.
Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) @ 10 gm/litre. 4800 gm.
Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre ............................... 2400 gm.
Temperature............................................................ 60c.
Time (Depend upon the shade).................... 12 to 15 mts.
Drop the liquor.
Rinse twice, each 3 minutes.
46. WRITE THE APP. ENZYME & SILICON WASH CHARGE FOR TWILL MENS & BOYS TROUSER
SEPARATELY.
Twill mens for Enzyme u$ 2.5-3.00 / Doz. For boys trouser
U$ (2.00-2.50)/Doz.
For silicon wash twill mens u$2.00-2.50/Doz and For boys trouser
U$(1.50-2.00)/Doz.
47. WHY WE RUN THE DRYER WITH GARMENT AFTER DRY 10 TO 15 MTS. IN COLD POSITION?
We run the dryer with garment after dry 15-20 mts to back the garments to normal temperature
Evaporation of water vapor from inner drum.
48. WHICH DRYER IS SUITABLE TO DRY WHITE READYMADE GARMENTS AND WHY?
STEAM DRYER.
because there is no possibility to occur any stain, yellowish effect.
49. DESCRIBE THE RISK/PROBLEM OF GAS DRYER.
The temp of gas dryer can be increased suddenly and it also makes flame.
So there have high risk to get damage of garments.
If the temp of gas dryer is higher, then garments will also be destroyed or loss of strength.
Sometime occurs yellowish effect on fabrics so avoided during white coloured garments drying
with inner drum and with one another and their rotation be increase. As a result the garments become more compact
and thats why the chemical solution for washing machine and temp for dryer machine cannot work properly
towards
the garments.
54. WHAT ARE THE STD L:R FOR DESIZING, ENZYME BATH, SOFTENER BATH.
L: R for desizing 1:9.
L: R for enzyme bath 1:7.
L: R for softener bath 1:6
55. WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF STONE ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM LONG PANT.
Desizing
Hot wash
Enzyme wash
Bleaching
Neutral wash
Soft wash
Hydro extractor Machine
Drying
Delivery.
56. WRITE THE NAME OF STEPS OF ENZYME WASH PROCESS OF DENIM (DARK) ENZYME
WASH PROCESS.
Desizing
Enzyme
Softening
Hydro extractor Machine
Drying
Delivery.
57. WRITE THE FLOW CHART OF (MEDIUM) ENZYME WASH OF DENIM READYMADE GARMENTS.
DESIZING
2
ENZYME
3
BLEACHING
4
NEUTRALIZING
5
SOFTENING
6
HYDRO-EXTRACTOR
7
GAS DRYER
8
DELIVERY
Detergent.
Potassium per manganate.
Phosphoric acid.
Metabisulphite.
Acetic acid.
Softener
Water is added
Garments are loaded
Machine started
500 gm Soda ash added
500 gm Caustic soda added
200 gm Bio. D added
Steam temp: 60C
Process time: 25 minutes
Drop liquor
Step 2: Enzyme wash:
Drop liquor
Step 3:Bleaching
Add water at L:R=1:8..480 litre
Machine running.
Add bleaching powder (k.c.i) at 10 gm/litre.. 4800 Gms.
Add soda ash @ 5 gm/litre ..............2400 gm
50c x15-20 mts
Water is added
Garments are loaded
Machine started
500 gm Soda ash added
500 gm Caustic soda added
200 gm Bio. D added
Steam temp: 60C
Process time: 25 minutes
Drop liquor
Step 2: Enzyme wash:
69. WRITE THE NAME OF PROTECTIVE ITEMS FOR HEALTH IN THE SAND BLASTING PROCESS.
Mask
Hand gloves
Sound protector
Cap
Safety Glass
Apron
Steps of Whiskering:
Plot the design (buyer) on a tracing paper
Transfer the design on ply wood
Place the rubber sheet on ply wood as the design on ply wood
Attach rubber with wood by gum to make the pattern
Enter the pattern in front opening of pant
Rub by emery paper (300,400,500) ppm
PATTERN
Tag the garments (before washing) import fashionable effect after washing.
In high temperature process tag is done by knotting, high effect occur.
In low temperature process tag is done by tag gun, less effect occur
TAG GUN
KNOTTING
TAGGING EFFECTs
Wetting agent
: 0.5% owf
Resin
: 6-10% owf
Softener
: 3-5% owf
Water
: 60-80 liters
80. WHAT IS THE STANDARD TEMPERATURE FOR PERMANENT CRINKLE ON THE OVEN?
160 0C(std.) / 40 to 60 0C (usual in HAMS)
81. WHAT IS THE STANDARD TIME IS REQUIRED FOR PERMANENT WRINKLE IN THE OVEN?
15 min (std.) /30 min (usual in HAMS)
Oven
Steam Chamber
Crinkling
83. WHAT TYPES OF DYES ARE USED FOR 100% COTTON READYMADE GARMENTS?
Vat dye(high cost, excellent fastnes)
Reactive dye(less cost. Good fastness)
Indigo dye (better rubbing fastness)
Disperse dye
Sulphur dye
84. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY READY FOR DYEING GARMENTS?
RDG means which garments already desized,scoured,bleached.
Its colour is white. It is clean and ready to treat with dye.
85. WRITE THE MAIN/FIRST STEP OF READY FOR DYEING PROCESS.
Good pretreatment (DESIZING)
86. WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY SUPER WHITE PROCESS?
Which washing process creates white garments made of cotton grey fabrics is called super white process, it just
severly washed out the colour of garments by extreme bleach action then brightening the garments.
87. WRITE THE CHEMICAL NAMES WHICH ARE USED FOR SUPER WHITE PROCESS.
Detergent
Caustic soda(COLD)
Soda ash
Hydrogen per oxide
Stabilizer
Acetic acid
Optical brightener agent
88. Write the Dyeing bath process of Pigment Dyes for cotton readymade Garment.
Pigment dyes are useful to give a washdown casual look on leisurewear. These dyes are less precise than reactive
dyes as colour matching cannot be so precisely achieved. This is because the process involves 3 main stages. The
first stage is to treat the fabric with a cationic product. This in effect makes the fabric more readily accept pigment
dye molecules that do not really penetrate the fibres as other dye types but tend to sit on the surface of the fabric.
This quality is how the washdown look is reached in the second stage.
The second stage is applying the pigment dye. With the machine turning quite quickly the pigment dye in liquid
form, rather like paint, is introduced into the machine and is dispersed over the fabric. The machine turns quickly to
ensure an even dispersal. During this part of the process the mechanical action of the machine and the fabrics
rubbing on each other knocks off some of the dye. The dye is reduced particularly from the high spots such as
seams, hems pocket edges and so forth. There is no separate washdown process as this dye cycle is usually sufficient
to achieve the required look. As the dye only sits on the surface removing some of it by mechanical action reveals
the undyed fibre. This gives the worn look associated with pigment dyes.
The third stage involves processing with a binder. This is designed to keep the pigment dye attached to the surface of
the fabric. Of course there are various rinse stages between the main processes and the final stage is usually a
softening bath.
You will see how the result is dependent on completing all stages and a fair amount of mechanical action. This is
why it is not practical to do lab dips as you would for reactive dyes. It is also why you need to process a number of
garments together even when sampling to produce the desired effect.
Pigment dye molecules are relatively large and easily filtered at water treatment plants and are therefore considered
to be eco friendly. They are also processed at generally lower temperatures than reactive dyes and the process time is
shorter. These factors further contribute to their eco friendly status.
Some advantages of pigment dyes include their ability to cover non-cotton fabrics at least to certain extent. So for
example, some of our customers buy basic T-shirts and sweatshirts in white, which are nearly always sewn with
polyester thread. (Polyester thread will not dye at all with reactive dye). This means the seams and other sewn parts;
button holes etc will accept at least some of the pigment dye. A white T-shirt dyed with reactive dye but sewn with
polyester thread will dye perfectly to any shade but the stitching will remain white. Of course garments known as
PFD prepared for dyeing will be sewn with cotton thread and this is ideal as they can be dyed with any dye type
and the stitching will dye too.
Some types of cotton knits, often the lower quality ones, may pill to a certain extent with the mechanical action
during pigment dyeing. This can usually be corrected with an enzyme treatment, which removes the pilling, and
smoothes the fabrics.
Pigment dyes can give a huge variety of shades including bright colours. They do have limitations when trying to
reach very dark or deep shades. For example a deep black is not possible, using pure black pigment will result in a
dark grey. Also unlike reactive dyes pigment dyes cannot be stripped. They may be modified by applying another
shade on the top to lighten or change the appearance but you cannot remove all the colour and start again.
If you would like any further information about pigment dyeing please contact us.
As leading garment dyers we work for manufacturers, designers and importers across the UK. We offer you high
quality garment dyeing using the best reactive dyes for levelness, colourfastness and reproducibility. Garment
dyeing can help you reduce your stocks and enable you to offer more choice and faster repeat orders to your
customers. By holding your stock in undyed form you can make decisions about shades later in the production cycle.
Also by garment dyeing you reduce the risk of surplus stocks of slow selling shades as well as producing garments
which have a more luxurious feel than garments made from dyed fabric. If you are already familiar with garment
dyeing you will know that garments should be sewn with cotton thread and allowance made for shrinkage. We are
very happy to help advise you if garment dyeing is new territory for you.
We use only safe non toxic dyes from industry leading European suppliers. More about non toxic dyes.
In addition we offer:
Pigment garment dyeing for the washdown vintage look. More about pigment dyeing.
Enzyme treatments and bleaching treatments for denim garments.
Poly/viscose lightweight garment dyeing is one of our specialities.
Traditional wool scouring and felting and water resist treatments.
Corrective work on imported garments. Eg. We recently corrected 25,000
pairs of shorts for a premier division football club. Red dye from the trim
was leeching into the white fabric. We fixed this.
Great colour matching skills to pantone colours or your own shades.
A fast turn round for samples and production.
Our dyehouse manager is one of the most experienced garment dyers in Europe he is a Chartered Colourist and a
member of the Society of Dyers and Colourists.
Sulfast dyes:
Sulfast dyes are of the conventional class of Sulphur dyes and find their main use in the dyeing of
cellulosics and their blends. They are insoluble in water but can be converted into their leuco form using a
reducing agent like sodium sulphide, in which state they have a high affinity for the fibre.
Sulfast dyes exhibit good all round fastness properties except for hypochlorite bleaching.
General Application Methods:Sulfast dyes can be applied in the following ways:
1. Jigger Dyeing - Batch wise.
2. Drum Dyeing - Garments.
3. Warp sheet dyeing - Denim.
Solfast dyes:
Solfast dyes are water-soluble dyes but having no substantivity. Hence can be applied by the pigmenting
system to allow the dye to fully penetrate the substrate by padding (as in the case of woven fabrics) or by
package dyeing (as in the case of yarn) and then reduced at a later stage. This helps to ensure better
penetration and level dyeing
Application Methods:Solfast dyes can be applied in the following ways
1. Package (Cone or Cheese) Dyeing.
2. Pad Steam
3. Pad Batch
4. Pad Dry Chemical Pad.
5. Warp Sheet dyeing.
Texcron Pigment Dyeing System:
The Texcron Pigment Dyeing system is a revolutionary concept, which has been the result of our R & D
efforts to provide the garment-dyeing sector with a product range, which is great for fashion. This range
provides excellent wash down effects (only pigments can), which are so much in vogue today. The salient
features of this system are:
The dyeing system is easy on the effluent!
Excellent wash down effects!
Clean and level dyeing!
Good all round fastness!
Easy to use!
Cost effective!
The application consist of the following steps:
1. Textreat: A process wherein a charge is created in the fabric, providing an affinity for the
pigment.
2. Pigmentation: Actual exhaustion of pigment onto the fabric.
3. Fixation: Treating the pigment dyed garments with a specialty Binder and Fixer to
provide good Fastness.
Magna products:
Magna is a UK based company, and a leading provider of innovative products and services for the textile
PRETREATMENT
Application
Product
Brief description
1 Silicone defoamer
Sulfanol SIL
Sulfanol NSIL
4 Wetting agent
Sulfanol WET
5 Stain remover
Sulfanol CTD
12 Lubricating agent
13 Peroxide stabilizer
Sulfaxil OS
Sulfanol NIW
Sufanol WTI
COLOURATION
Application
Product
Brief description
1 Silicone defoamer
Sulfanol SIL
Sulfanol NSIL
Sulfanol WRW
4 Wetting agent
Sulfanol WET
Sulfaxil FX
11 Lubricating agent
Sulfaxil LUBE
Sulfaxil SNS
Sulfaxil WOF
14 Acid buffer
Sulfaxil HPAB
Sulfaxil ABS
16 Oxidizing agent
Sulfaxil ECOX
17 Reducing agent
Sulfaxil RUDC
18 Antioxidant
Sulfaxil AOIY
19 Mordenting agent
20 Cationising agent
Sulfaxil SLFX
21 Peroxide neutralizer
Sulfaxil SAR
Sulfaxil G Acid
Sulfaxil AR
25 Lubricating Agent
Sulfaxil ACE
26 Peroxide stabilizer
Sulfaxil OS
28 Fastness Improver
FINISHING
Application
Product
Brief description
Sulfanine CS
Cationic softener in liquid form Sulfanine PWS Very good softener for cotton and
Liquid
especially for terry towel, retains
hydrophilicity of the substrate.
5 Cold soluble conc. Softener in Sulfanine CWS Easily dilutable softener, which has
Flakes form
Flakes
minimal effect on the treated fabric.
6
Sulfanine NIS
Flakes
Sulfanine NIP
8 Silicone softener
Sulfanine DM
9 Silicone softener
10 Nonionic softener
Sulfanine DR
11 Antiozonate softener
12 Yarn Lubricant
13 Silicone softener
Sulfanine PAS
14 Silicone softener
15 Silicone softener
16 Hydrophilic Softener
17 Hydrophilic Softener
18 Yarn Lubricant
Cum
Fibre Finish
Enzymes
The trend today is towards garment processing. This is because garment processing offers the processor better and
more varied opportunities to add value to the garments in terms of fashionable looks as well as feel. In such a fast
changing scenario, Enzymes are playing an important role.
Sulfast Chemical Industries with its indepth knowledge of the Textile and Fashion Industry has a whole range of
enzymes to offer to the processor.
Desizing:
This in simple terms is a process to remove the size from the cotton fabric. 'Size' is nothing but the add-on impurities
to the cotton fibre to prevent the yarn from breakage during mechanical processing. The most common size
ingredients are starch, gums, waxes and some synthetic sizes. Depending on the size composition, various blends of
amylases, lipases or proteases are used.
Current Products:
Sulfazyme A5X
Sulfazyme AX
Bio-scouring:
Scouring is the process of removing the natural impurities in cotton like oils, fats and waxes. Conventional scouring
involves the use of highly alkaline chemicals like sodium hydroxide and scouring agents, which not only attack the
impurities but also the cellulose leading to a reduction in strength of the fabric. The resultant feel of the fabric is also
harsh. The load on the effluent is also higher.
Bio-scouring offers an alternative, where the partial replacement with an enzymatic scouring agent provides an
environmentally friendly process which also leaves the fabric with a softer handle.
Current Products:
Sulfazyme SCRL
Biowashing/Bio-fading:
The denim garments are given various treatments to impart novel looks. Cellulases play an active role in producing
the stonewashing effects, salt-pepper effect etc. Traditionally this is done with the use of pumic stones where the
abrasion can also damage the garment. In contrast cellulase enzymes provide the worn-out look in a more gentle
manner.
Bio-polishing:
In the wet processing of garments (denim or non-denim, woven or knits), there is a resultant hairiness on the surface
of the fabric. Bio-polishing is the enzymatic treatment given to garments to give the following effects:
1. Removes the protruding fibres from the surface by hydrolyzing them.
2. No pilling, or hariness .
3. Provides a smooth and clean look.
4. Imparts a soft feel to the fabric.
Sulfast Chemical Industries has developed a range of enzymes, blended with different activity types to suit various
needs.
Current Products:
Sulfazyme BSP, Sulfazyme BCA, Sulfazyme CAL, Sulfazyme DXP/DXPI, Sulfazyme BPL, Sulfazyme NP pdr,
Sulfazyme NL liq., Sulfazyme SPG pdr Sulfazyme FDX pdr, Sulfazyme BSR etc.
Peroxide Killers:
Residual hydrogen peroxide must be removed from the fabric after bleaching treatments, which would otherwise be
detrimental to subsequent processing. Catalayse enzymes can be used to work specifically on residual peroxide as an
anti-oxidant breaking it down into natural elements of water and oxygen without adversely affecting the fibres or
dyes.
Current Products:
Sulfazyme APN
Tinting enzymes:
Sulfast Chemical Industries has successfully developed a range of various tint enzymes that do the dual work of biowashing and tinting in a one-step process. These enzymes incorporate the use of natural dyes and surprisingly offer
good fastness as well.
Current Products:
Sulfazyme TNZ series.
Application
Product
Brief description
1 Desizing
Sulfanol WRW
2 Desizing
3 Bio-scouring
Sulfazyme
SCRL
4 Bio-polishing
5 Bio-polishing
Sulfazyme
BCA
6 Biopolishing/Biowashing
7 Bio-polishing / Biofading
Sulfazyme
DXP
8 Bio-polishing / Biofading
Sulfazyme
DXPi
9 Bio-polishing / Biofading
10 Back-stain removal
Sulfazyme
BSR
11 Bio-polishing
Sulfazyme
FDX pdr
12 Bio-polishing
13 Bio-polishing
14 Peroxide Killer
Sulfazyme
APN
15 Bio-washing / Fading
Sulfazyme
SPGpdr
16 Bio-fading / Tinting
Sulfazyme
TNZ series
89. Write the Dyeing bath process of Sulphur Dyes for cotton Readymade Garment.
I AM STUDYING ON IT Q: 88, 89
Hands Scraping
1)It is a semi-mechanical process.
4) High production.
4)Less production.
Faruk Ovi : am