Index PDF

INDEX
Index Terms
Links
A
Abrasive grit, slag for
423424
Absorption towers, sulfuric acid

manufacture
226
Acid coolers
227
Acid cure, heap leaching
296
226t
Acid mist suppression,

electrowinning of copper
Acid plant blowdown
Agglomeration, heap leaching
optimum
Agitation leaching
copper losses in
electrowinning of copper from
industrial data for
leaching methods compared to
oxide minerals in
sulfide minerals in
356
357t
212
213f
296297
297f
297
286
304
362368
305t307t
316t
303304
304
Air Liquide Shrouded

Injector (ALSI)
142143
Aldoxime-ketoxime mixtures
327
Aldoximes
327
Alloys, copper
scrap
1
12
This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.
Index Terms
Anode slimes
composition of
Links
418422
418421
419t420t
electrorefining and Cu recovery from
253
256257
Gold, recovery from anode slimes
253
Selenium, recovery from anode slimes
253
253f
Silver, recovery from anode slimes
253
253f
253f
255
Tellurium, recovery from anode slimes

treatment process
flowsheet for
wet chlorination process for
260261
267
421422
422f
421422
Anodes, electrorefining
antimony in
245247
arsenic in
245247
casting
241243
242f
258
244245
243f
244f
246t
244245
244f
246t
256257
260261
267
continuous
247f
industrial data for
246t
molds for
243
preparation in
244
uniformity of thickness in
composition of
copper
industrial range of
258
243244
258
241243
242f
252t
flowsheet, refining
253f
Hazelett Contilanod
243f
247f
passivation and
268
purification of
266
scrap and reject
245
slimes from, Cu recovery from
253
Index Terms
Anodes, electrowinning
Links
351353
insulator strips on
353
life expectancy of
352353
new
368369
reaction of
Anterite
10
19t
Antimony
in anodes
in electrorefining
Aqueous-continuous phase
Aqueous-in-organic entrainment
245247
254
339
328329
Arsenic
in anodes
245247
in electrorefining
254255
TSL and
163
Asarco shaft furnaces
402
industrial data on
406t
ASTM specifications, copper
397
Ausmelt batch converting
143
398t
Ausmelt Continuous Copper

Converting (C3)
150
Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting
basic operations of
153154
coal and
156
feed materials for
156
158t161t
industrial data on
158t
161t
Mitsubishi process compared to
165
174
offgas in
155156
oxygen enrichment in
156
secondary smelting
395
Index Terms
Links
Auto shredder residue (ASR)
382f
Autogenous grinding mills (AG mills)

Automobile scrap
flowsheet for
383384
36
382384
382f
Avitone
264
Azurite
19t
265
B
Ball mills
industrial data for
Bar and rod casting
Barren aqueous raffinate
Bath smelting
36
37t42t
404409
404f
405f
407t408t
281
8384
See also Ausmelt/Isasmelt

smelting; Top Submerged Lance
smelting
BAYQIK reactor
Bedding
230
97
Billet casting
403f
404
Bin and feed system, in flash

furnace matte smelting, Outotec
Bin-onto-belt blending
9798
96
Bismuth behavior
anodes and brittleness in
in electrorefining
134
254255
Black copper
converting
flowsheet for
secondary copper smelting to
395396
394f
393395
394f
Index Terms
Links
Blast heater, in flash furnace

matte smelting,
Outotec
Blasting
98
31
fragmentation in
ore-size determination and
33
33f
3234
ore-toughness measurements for
34
process of
32
33f
Blister copper
6f
67
electrorefining of
78
in Mitsubishi process converting furnace
169
production of (converting)
127
Boliden Norzink process
212
Bornite
19t
Branched-chain alcohols
55
Brochantite
19t
Bustle pipe
136
C
Cable scrap
flowsheet for
380385
381f
Calcium ferrite slag (CaOCu2OFeO3)
7981
advantages and disadvantages of
8081
flash converting and
79f
146
CaO-base slag
controlling
175
Mitsubishi process converting

furnace and
Casting copper
anodes
168169
10
241243
242f
Index Terms
Links
Casting copper (Cont.)

continuous (Hazelett Contilanod)
243f
244245
244f
247f
244f
246t
405f
407t408t
246t
industrial data for
246t
molds for
243
preparation in
244
Hazelett
industrial data for

machines for
bar and rod
245
243244
243f
244245
247f
405
246t
407t408t
403410
404409
404f
403f
404
Conticast casting
409
410f
industrial data for
407t408t
billet casting
lubrication of
409
metal level in
409
Properzi casting
405
Southwire casting
vertical
oxygen-free
404f
405f
409
409
410f
product grades and quality of
397399
398t
strip
409410
Catalyst for SO2 to SO3 conversion

Catalytic converter
407t408t
214215
224
224f
Cathodes.
See also Melting of cathode copper
electrorefining
composition of
copper industrial range of
258259
252t
Index Terms
Links
Cathodes (Cont.)
copper starter sheet for
current densities in
current efficiencies in
258f
268
268269
edge strips for
259
purity maximization for
267
stainless steel blanks as
258
electrowinning
copper starter sheets for
351
355356
purity, maximization of
360361
355f
356f
SELE cathode holder
355
size of
351
stainless steel
258f
351360
current density of
reaction of
259
356f
352f
purity of
chemical factors affecting
267268
electrical factors affecting
268269
physical factors affecting
267
Cells
electrorefining
259260
electrical connection in
260
polymer concrete
260
electrowinning
design of
polymer concrete
schematic of
353355
353
354f
Cement, slag as
423
Ceramic tile, slag for
425
Index Terms
Chalcocite (Cu2S)
dump and heap leaching and
Chalcopyrite (CuFeS2)
Links
1
290
1
pressure oxidation leaching of
304308
elevated temperature in
308315
processes for
Chelation
19t
19t
310t311t
325
325f
Chemically-refined tough
pitch copper (CRTP)
Chevrons
Chile Continuous Converting (CCC)
China, Cu demand in
399
330331
150
13
15t
29
65t
145
147
230
254f
310t311t
391
398t
electrorefining and
261
264
265
electrowinning and
360
Chloride in electrolytes
Chrysocolla
19t
Cleaner flotation cells
56
industrial data on
Cleaner-scavenger flotation cells
industrial data on
Coal
58t64t
56
58t64t
112
Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting and
156
Cobalt
in electrorefining
electrowinning electrolyte addition of
Coke
254255
360
112
Collectors, flotation
5255
54f
Index Terms
Column flotation cells
industrial data on
Links
5665
66f
65t
Comminution. See also Crushing; Grinding

feed to froth flotation and
47
high-pressure roll crushing for
46
recent developments in
stages of
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
46f
4647
31
8384
Concentrate burner, in flash

furnace matte smelting
Inco
104
feed system
Outotec
105f
106
95
95f
Concentrates
blending system
Cu content worldwide in
in direct-to-copper smelting
9697
57t
181t
drying
rotary dryer
97
steam dryer
97
maximizing grades of
193
Noranda smelting process and dried
113t
particle size of
3536
Peircee-Smith converting and smelting
142
production of
31
SEM for optimizing
47
throughput rate
35f
47f
100101
Concentration of Cu ores
costs for
investment
427433
428t
431t
Index Terms
Links
Concentration of Cu ores (Cont.)

operating
variation in
flowsheet of
431433
432t
429
31
32f
by froth flotation
4f
industrial data for
37t42t
57t
plant locations for
1729
zero water discharge plants and
58t64t
68
Concrete, slag as
423
Construction and demolition waste (C&D)
375
Conticast casting machine
409
410f
244245
243f
Continuous casting of copper,

Hazelett process anodes
244f
247f
industrial data for
246t
Continuous converting.
See Flash converting; Mitsubishi
process; Noranda continuous
converting
Continuous phase
339
Control
Direct-to-copper smelting
186
electrorefining electrolyte addition agent
265
flash furnace matte smelting, Outotec

concentrate throughput rate
matte grade
100f
100101
96
reaction shaft and hearth
101
slag, SiO2 composition
101
temperature
101
flotation
100101
6465
246t
Index Terms
Links
Control (Cont.)
in-stream chemical analysis for
grinding
hydrocyclone controls for
instrumentation and strategies for
particle-size control loop in
6567
3643
4243
43f
44f
4346
44
44f
45t
melting of cathode copper, hydrogen and

oxygen
Mitsubishi process
temperature
Noranda continuous converting
Noranda smelting process
temperature
403
169175
173t175t
169
173t
149
116117
117f
116
Peircee-Smith converting
slags and flux
temperature
Teniente matte smelting
139
137138
120
matte and slag composition
120
matte and slag depth
120
temperature
120
Converting furnace, Mitsubishi process

blister copper in
CaO-base slag in
Converting of copper matte
168169
169
168169
57
127
See also Peircee-Smith converting

chemistry in
127
continuous
165
converters
Ausmelt
143
Ausmelt C3
150
Index Terms
Links
Converting of copper matte (Cont.)

Chile Continuous Converting
150
flash
144
144f
Hoboken
143
144
ISACONVERT
150
ISASMELT
143
Mitsubishi
143
Noranda
143
coppermaking stage in
Cu-Cu2-S system
offgases from
131134
137f
206208
206t207t
127
reactions in
129134
scrap additions in
393
slag-forming stage in
127
with TSL smelting
146
147f
148t
260261
267
127128
products of
stages of
147149
145t
6
164165
Cooling jackets, in flash furnace

matte smelting, Outotec
94
Copper (Cu). See also Casting

copper; Melting of cathode copper;
Scrap, copper recovery
from
anode slimes and recovery of
anodes
anodes and cathodes industrial range for
253
256257
241244
242f
252t
black
converting
flowsheet for
secondary copper smelting to
395396
394f
393395
394f
Index Terms
Links
Copper (Cu). (Cont.)

CuFeS extracting
28
chemically-refined tough pitch
399
China demand for
29
in concentrates around world
57t
costs of production of
430431
electrochemical processing of
12
electrolytic tough pitch
10
397398
427430
428t
operating
430
430t
variation in
429
400t
extraction costs for

investment
fayalite slags solubility of
85f
fire-refined high conductivity
399
impurities of electrical resistivity of

melting point of
minerals of
air bubbles floating
grind size and liberation of
in heap leaching
oxygen-free
Peircee-Smith converting, blowing
price of
399f
127
1417
19t
51
52t
35f
3536
287t
10
399
139140
29
29t
production of
by country
growth in
profitability of
rough
15t16t
13
13f
430431
438
29
396
secondary
characteristics of
391
Index Terms
Links
Copper (Cu). (Cont.)

processing in primary smelters
391393
391f
Top Submerged Lance

smelting furnace for
395
in slag concentration,
direct-to-copper smelting
185
slags, losses of
191
sources of
12
unalloyed classes of
uses of
United States
Copper alloys
Copper in slags
186
187
397398
13
13f
14t
1
191193
decreasing
Cu concentration in slag
minimized for
193194
pyrometallurgical slag
settling/reduction for
slag generation minimized for
slag minerals processing for
194197
196t
193
197201
198t200t
Copper losses
agitation leaching and
flotation tailings
slag
304
58t59t
191
minimizing
193
194197
427
428f
Costs of copper extraction
427430
428t
Counter-current decantation (CCD)
303304
197201
Copper recovery from scrap.

See Scrap, copper recovery from
Cost index (mining equipment)
Index Terms
Covellite
Crud formation, in solvent extraction
Crushing
eccentric crusher for
flowsheet for
Links
19t
337339
31
36
32f
gyratory crusher for
34
34f
high-pressure roll
46
46f
industrial data for
37t42t
process of
Cuprite
35
19t
Current efficiency
electrorefining
268269
electrowinning
361
Cu-sulfide minerals
51
69
Cut-off grade
14
17
D
Decoppering
421
Deep dispersion gate (DDG)
331
Dewatering
6768
Digenite
19t
Diluents for solvent extraction
327
aliphatic compared to partially aromatic
328t
loss of
339
Direct-to-copper smelting
advantages and disadvantages of
chemical reactions in
331f
188
179
184185
Chingola
180f
concentrates in
181t
control
186
181t
Index Terms
Links
Direct-to-copper smelting (Cont.)

Cu recovery from slags in
Glog w
Olympic Dam
Cu-in-slag concentration in
limitation of
186187
187
187
185
186
187
flash furnace matte smelting,

Outotec and
differences between
flowsheet for
182184
182t184t
185
180f
foaming, avoidance of
186
Glogw
181t
185
ideal process for
179182
182f
impurity behavior in
187188
188t
Olympic Dam
180f
181t
slags from
182t
temperature in
182
Dispersed phase
339
Dor bullion
421
422f
Double absorption acid plant
218
218t222t
229t
232
Drip emitters
185
224
300
Drying concentrate
dewatering and
6768
fluid bed dryer
106
rotary dryer
97
steam dryer
97
Dump leaching
286
bacterial action in, optimum activity for
290
chalcocite and
290
287301
226
Index Terms
Links
Dump leaching (Cont.)

chemistry of
288290
industrial
301
316t
reactions in
289
sulfide mineral reactions in
289
uses of
288
288f
Dust
composition of
423t
electrostatic precipitation of
211
matte smelting and
8384
sulfuric acid manufacture

catalysts accumulation of
treatment of
flowsheet for
216
422423
424f
Dust recovery and recycle system, in

flash furnace matte smelting
Inco
106
Outotec
Dynamic heaps
9899
295
296
E
Eccentric crusher
Eddy-current separation (ECS)
36
382383
Electric slag-cleaning furnace
195f
improvements in design of
197
industrial details of
196t
Mitsubishi process
167168
offgases from
207
Teniente slag cleaning furnace
197
194
167f
198t
Index Terms
Links
Electrical conductivity
matte
81
slag
79
82
Electrolytes
electrorefining
addition agent control for
265
addition agents to
262265
chloride added to
261
cobalt addition to
360
264
composition of
261265
262t
conductivity of
261
263t
filtering
266
purification of
266267
electrowinning
356359
additives for
360
360f
conductivity of
357
358t
guar addition to
360
360f
impurities in
359
iron in
358
manganese in
265
358359
organic burn in
357
reduction potentials and
359t
solvent extraction and flowrate

determination for
335336
maximizing purity of
328329
spent
Electrolytic tough pitch copper (ETP)
Electronic scrap treatment
281282
10
397398
399
384385
Electrorefining of copper.
See also Anodes, electrorefining
400t
Index Terms
Links
Electrorefining of copper. (Cont.)

anode passivation and
268
antimony in
254255
arsenic in
254255
bismuth in
254255
of blister copper
78
cathodes
composition of
258259
copper industrial range of
252t
258f
edge strips for
259
purity maximization for
267269
stainless steel blanks as
258
cells
259
258f
259260
electrical connection in
260
polymer concrete
260
chemistry of
cobalt in
252257
253f
254
costs for
investment
435
435t
operating
435
436t
current densities in
current efficiencies in
268
268269
electrochemical potentials
of elements in
255t
electrolytes in
addition agent control for
265
addition agents to
262265
chloride added to
261267
264
composition of
261267
262t
265
Index Terms
Links

conductivity of
261
filtering
266
purification of
266267
energy consumption minimized in
269
equipment in
257
flowsheet for
253f
gold in
263t
257f
253
grain-refining agents in
264265
265f
256257
256t
industrial data for
269273
270t273t
iron in
254
lead and tin in
254
leveling agents in
nickel in
oxygen in
passivation of anodes in
plant locations for
platinum-group metals in
263264
264f
254
255256
268
19
23t24t
25f
253
process of
251252
production cycle in
260261
261f
recent developments and

emerging trends in
274275
secondary copper smelting and
396
selenium in
253
silver in
255
slimes from anodes, Cu recovery from
253
sulfur in
254
tellurium in
253
voltage in
260
256257
260
267
Index Terms
Links

world production in
Electrostatic precipitation of dust
Electrowinning of copper
acid mist suppression in
15t16t
211
1
3f
356
357f
from agitation leaching
362368
anodes in
351353
insulator strips on
353f
life expectancy of
352353
new
368369
reaction of
cathodes in
10
351360
copper starter sheets for
351
current density of
355
purity, maximization of
reaction of
356f
360361
9
SELE cathode holder
355
size of
351
stainless steel
355f
356f
352f
cells in
design of
polymer concrete
schematic of
chemistry of
353355
353
354f
349350
costs of
investment
436438
operating
436437t
crane automation facilities for

current density in
developments in
437t
368369
355
355f
356f
368369
Index Terms
electrolyte
Links
356359
additives for
360
chloride in
360
cobalt addition to
360
conductivity of
357
358t
guar addition to
360
360f
impurities in
359
iron in
358
manganese in
360f
358359
organic burn in
357
reduction potentials and
359t
energy and
maximizing efficiency of
requirements of
361362
350f
350351
equipment and
351360
flowsheet for
281282
282f
industrial data for
362
363t367t
plant locations for
26
26t27t
process of
reactions in
world production in
End-of-life vehicles (ELV)
Explosive load
External arising scrap
Extractants for solvent extraction
classes of
concentration determined for
28f
349
349350
15t16t
375
382384
34
374f
375379
325327
325f
327
333334
efficiency of
334
loss of
339
in organic phase
335
335f
Index Terms
Links
Extractants for solvent extraction (Cont.)

properties of
326t
F
Faradays Law
Fayalite slags
Cu solubility in
361
7578
85f
Ferric cure, heap leaching
297
Ferrosilicon
195
Ferrous calcium silicate (FCS)
8081
Fire refining of molten copper
casting anodes
continuous (Hazelett)
241
242f
243f
244
244f
247
industrial data for
246t
molds for
243
preparation in
244
243
chemistry of
240
in hearth-refining furnaces
240
hydrocarbons for
241
impurity behavior and removal in
245
oxygen contents in
removal of
241
at various stages
237t
in rotary refining furnace
237
industrial data for
239t
sequence in
secondary copper smelting and
238f
238240
396
sulfur contents in
246t
Index Terms
Links
Fire refining of molten copper (Cont.)

removal of
240
at various stages
237t
Fire-refined high conductivity

copper (FRHC)
Flash converting
399
89
calcium ferrite slag in
146
chemistry reactions in
146
no matte layer in
146
productivity of
146
Flash furnace matte smelting

disadvantages of
144f
5f
83107
155
goals of
89
impurities distribution in
85t
products of
89
Flash furnace matte smelting, Inco
144
106107
components of
104
104f
concentrate burner in
104
105f
feed system of
106
dust recovery systems in
106
equipment in
105
fluid bed dryer in
106
matte tapholes in
105
offgas uptake in
105
cooling of
106
Outotec compared to
107
process of
103
slag tapholes in
105
water cooling in
104
145t
Index Terms
Flash furnace matte smelting, Outotec
Links
89104
bin and feed system in
97
blast heater in
98
concentrates and
blending system in
96
burner in
95
construction details of
control
90
100
concentrate throughput rate
100101
matte grade
100101
reaction shaft and hearth
101
slag, SiO2 composition
101
temperature
101
cooling jackets in
94
design of
89
developments and trends in

dimensions and production details of
direct-to-copper smelting with
differences between
dust recovery and recycle system in
element distribution in
equipment used in
hydrocarbon fuel burners in
impurity behavior during
100f
90f
103
91t92t
93t94t
182
182t184t
185
9899
102t
96
9596
101
non-recycle of
102
Inco compared to
107
main features of
90
matte tapholes in
96
operation of
99
startup and shutdown in
95f
102t
99
Index Terms
Links
Flash furnace matte smelting, Outotec (Cont.)

steady-state
99
oxygen plant in
98
rotary dryer in
97
slag tapholes in
96
steam dryer in
97
waste heat boiler in
98
Flotation
cells
51
cleaner
56
cleaner-scavenger
56
column
56
industrial data on
65t
66f
58t65t
mechanical
56
re-cleaner
56
rougher-scavenger
56
chemistry
52
collectors
52
control
64
in-stream chemical analysis for
52f
54f
65
dewatering and
67
flowsheets for
53f
froth
comminution for feed to
concentration of Cu ores by
47
4
4f
frothers for
51
52f
principles of
51
52f
gold
6869
grinding particle-size control for
3643
4243
55
43f
Index Terms
Links
Flotation (Cont.)
43
44f
44
44f
machine vision systems for

modifiers
molybdenite recovery and
flowsheet for
operation of
67
5455
55f
415
418f
64
ores of copper special procedures of
5556
products
6768
reagents
415
selectivity in
5354
sensors
6465
separations and
45t
417t
67t
68
tailings
copper losses and
disposal of
Flotation recovery of Cu from slag
industrial data for
58t59t
68
197201
199t200t
Flowsheets
anode slime treatment process
422f
automobile scrap
382f
black copper
394f
cable scrap
381f
concentration of Cu ores
crushing
31
32f
direct-to-copper smelting
180f
dust treatment
424f
electrorefining
253f
electrowinning of copper
32f
281282
282f
Index Terms
Links
Flowsheets (Cont.)
flotation
53f
grinding
32f
Haldor Topse WSA

hydrometallurgical extraction of Cu
leaching
materials cycle
228f
281
282f283f
3f
281
373375
374f
Mitsubishi process
166f
molybdenite flotation
418f
scrap copper general
11f
solvent extraction
281
209f
SO2 to SO3 oxidation
223f
SO3 absorption
223f
Fluid bed dryer
282f
282f
324f
106
Fluxes
adding less
CaCO3 for Mitsubishi process
193
165166
cost of
83
Peircee-Smith converting control of
139
silica, for smelting
73
Foaming, direct-to-copper smelting avoiding
168
78f
79
186
Fragmentation
in blasting
33
explosive load and optimal
34
improving
34
33f
Froth flotation
comminution for feed to
concentration of Cu ores by
frothers for
47
4
4f
51
52f
55
Index Terms
Links
Froth flotation (Cont.)

principles of
Frothers
Fuel-fired slag cleaning furnaces
51
52f
51
52f
197
198t
55
G
Gangue
281
Gasp mobile carriage punchers

Glogw direct-to-copper smelting
137f
185
Cu recovery from slags
187
Glues, protein colloid bone
263
Gold, in electrorefining
253
Gold flotation
Grain-refining agents
Granulator
Grinding
264265
265f
380
32
36
ball mills for
36
flowsheet for
264f
68
autogenous
industrial data for
181t
3536
37t42t
32f
grind size and copper

mineral liberation in
industrial data for
35
37t42t
ore-throughput control for
44
particle-size control of flotation for
36
35f
44f
4243
43f
43
44f
44
44f
36
42f
semi-autogenous mills
industrial data for
45t
37t42t
Index Terms
Guar
Gyratory crusher
Links
360
360f
34
34f
H
Haldor Topse WSA
227
flowsheet for
228f
Sulfacid compared to
229t
Hazelett casting
anodes
industrial data for
industrial data for
Heap leaching
acid cure in
agglomeration in
optimum
bacterial action in
optimum activity for
405
243f
244
244f
247f
286
286f
287
246t
407t408t
8
296
296297
297f
297
289
289f
290
chalcocite and
290
chemistry of
288
copper minerals in
287t
costs of
investment
436
437t
operating
436
437t
ferric cure in
297
future developments in
315
heaps for
aeration of sulfide
298
construction of
295
295f
dynamic
295
296
impermeable base of
296
Index Terms
Links
Heap leaching (Cont.)

irrigation of
298300
multi-lift permanent
295296
295f
ore stacking on
297
298f
industrial data for
290
291t294t
316t
lixiviant in
295f
optimum conditions for
300
ore preparation in
296
reactions in
289
solvent extraction from
sulfide mineral reactions in
289
uses of
288
Hearth furnace refining

Heat exchangers
High-densitypolyethylene (HDPE)
High-pressure roll crushing
Hoboken converter
Home scrap (run around scrap)
299
299f
300
9f
240
223f
226
227
296
46
46f
143
144
373374
374f
Hydrocarbon fuel burners, in

flash furnace matte smelting, Outotec
Hydrocyclone particle size control
Hydrogen
Hydrometallurgical extraction of Cu
95
4243
43f
403
8
See also Electrowinning of copper;

Leaching; Solvent extraction
comparison of methods for
316t
flowsheets for
281
315
282f
283f
Index Terms
Hydroxyl ion
Links
54
I
Impurity behavior
direct-to-copper smelting and
187
188t
in electrorefining
256
256t
electrowinning electrolyte and
359
fire refining of molten copper and
245

Outotec and
non-recycle of
101
102t
102103
Noranda smelting process and
115
115t
PeirceeSmith convertor and
134
135t
Teniente matte smelting and
120
121t
Top Submerged Lance smelting and
163
Industrial electrical equipment waste (IEW)
379
Industrial non-electrical equipment waste

(INEW)
379
In-situ leaching
286287
Institute of Scrap Recycling Industries

(ISRI)
Intermediate leaching solution (ILS)
Internal arising scrap
379
286
374375
374f
Iron
in electrorefining
254
in electrowinning electrolyte
358
ore, slags for
424
ISACONVERT converting
150
ISASMELT batch converting
143
Isasmelt furnaces
150
395396
Index Terms
Links
Isasmelt smelting.
See Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting
K
Kaldo furnace
395
Ketoximes
327
L
Lance smelting. See Ausmelt/Isasmelt
smelting; Top Submerged
Lance smelting
Land reclamation, slag for
424
Law of Mass Action
324
Le Chateliers Principle
324
Leaching 1.
See also Agitation leaching; Dump
leaching; Heap leaching; Pressure
oxidation leaching; Vat leaching
chemistry of
sulfide minerals
comparison of methods for
282
283
285f
316t
costs of
investment
436
437t
operating
436
437t
3f
281
flowsheet
in-situ
282f
315
286287
methods for
285
percolation
286
Index Terms
Links
Leaching 1. (Cont.)
plant locations for
residue
Lead, in electrorefining
Leveling agents, electrorefining
Lixiviant
in heap leaching
26
26t27t
28f
281
254
263264
264f
281
295f
Low-density polyethylene (LDPE)
296
Lug blocks
245
299
300
M
Machine vision systems for flotation
67
Magnetite, slags and

CaO based
SiO2 based
Malachite
Manganese, in electrowinning
7980
79f
75f
19t
358359
Marshall and Swift Mining and

Milling Equipment Cost Index
Materials cycle
427
428f
373379
374f
81
82
Matte (CuFeS)
electrical conductivity of
extracting Cu from
28
flash furnace matte smelting and

Inco
Outotec
grade control
105
96
100101
immiscible liquid compositions in
75t
from matte smelting
84
melting points of
80f
81
Index Terms
Links
Matte (CuFeS) (Cont.)

Mitsubishi process and grade of
169
Noranda smelting process grade of
115

separating slag and
settling rates for
slag and
114115
192
7482
specific gravity of
81
surface tension of
82
Teniente matte smelting and high grade
192t
121
Teniente matte smelting control

composition
120
depth
120
viscosity of
81
Matte smelting. See also Flash

furnace matte smelting
dust and
8384
matte from
84
objective of
offgas from
86
processes of
8384
products of
82
86
purpose of
7374
82
reactions in
7374
8283
settling region in
slags from
tap holes in
84
7578
76t77t
84
McCabee-Thiele diagram
334
335f
Meatballs
383
383f
Mechanical flotation cell
8486
5664
Index Terms
Melting of cathode copper
furnace types for
Asarco
burners of
Links
1011
399402
401f
402
406t
400401
induction
402
Properzi/Luxi
402
Southwire shaft
402
hydrogen measurement and control in
403
oxygen measurement and control in
403
product grades and quality of

slag production from
397399
398t
402
technology for
399403
Minerals of copper
1417
19t
51
52
3536
35f
air bubbles floating

grind size and liberation of
in heap leaching
287t
Mining copper ores. See also

Blasting; Crushing costs of
427
428f
427430
428t
operating
430
430t
variation in
429
cut-off grades
14
investment
economic sizes of plants in

profitability of
world production in
by highest capacity
17
429430
438
15t16t
17t
Mitsubishi process
Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting
compared to
165174
CaCo3 flux in
165166
168
Index Terms
Links
Mitsubishi process (Cont.)

control
169175
converting furnace in
168169
blister copper in
CaO-base slag in
electric slag-cleaning furnace
flowsheet for
industrial data on
169
168169
167168
167f
166f
170t173t
lances in
166
matte grade in
169
offgas in
167
smelting furnace in
173t175t
166167
167f
control
169
173t
rise in
167
in 2000s
174175
temperature
Mitsubishi top-blown converter
143
Mixer-settler, solvent extraction
329
329f
mixer
329330
330f
settler
330331
331f
designs for
picket fences in
reverse-flow settlers
Modifiers, in flotation
Molecular sieve oxygen plants
330331
331
331f
5455
55f
98
Molybdenite recovery
flotation and
flowsheet for
operation of
optimization of
415417
418f
415
417418
Index Terms
Links
Molybdenite recovery (Cont.)

product content in
Monel tube
416t
94
Multi-lift permanent heaps
295
Municipal solid waste (MSW)
379
295f
295296
N
New scrap
374375
Nickel, in electrorefining
254255
Noranda continuous converting
143
chemical reactions in
147
control
149
industrial data for
148t
reaction mechanisms in
SiO2 based slag in
111114
concentrates, dry through tuyeres
113t
116117
115
industrial data on
112t
matte grade choice in

operation of
production rate enhancement in
scrap smelting and
tuyere pyrometer in
112f
117f
116
matte and slag separation in
147f
149
121
temperature
147149
148149
campaign life and repair of
control
374f
115t
114115
115
116117
117
115116
116
117f
Index Terms
Links
O
Obsolete scrap
374f
375379
Offgases
in Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting
155156
drying
212214
from electric slag-cleaning furnaces
214f
207

Inco uptake of
105
cooling of
106
from matte smelting
86
in Mitsubishi process
167
PeirceeSmith converters collecting
136137
138f
206207
206t207t
from smelting and converting

processes
sulfuric acid manufacture from
208
Teniente matte smelting and

heat recovery of
treatment of smelter
122
208212
acid plant blowdown in
212
electrostatic precipitation of dust in
211
gas cooling and heat recovery in
210211
mercury removal in
211212
spray cooling for
211
water quenching, scrubbing, cooling in
211
Old scrap (obsolete scrap)

Olivine slags
Olympic Dam direct-to-copper smelting
Cu recovery from slags
375379
213f
210f
374f
8081
180f
181t
185
187
Index Terms
Links
Ores of copper.
See also Concentration of
Cu ores; Run-of-mine ore
%Cu
1f
cut-off grade
14
17
extraction processes for
2f
flotation special procedures for

Ore-size determination
Ore-throughput control, for grinding
Ore-toughness measurements
5556
34
4446
44f
34
Organic burn
357
Organic-continuous phase
339
Outotec. See Flash furnace

matte smelting; Outotec
Oxygen
in electrorefining
fire refining stages and contents of
removal of
255256
239t
241
melting of cathode copper,

measurement and control of
403
Oxygen enrichment
in Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting
Peircee-Smith converting and
shrouded blast injection and
156
140
142143
Oxygen plant, in flash

furnace matte smelting,
Outotec
Oxygen-free copper
casting
98
10
399
409
410f
Index Terms
Links
P
Passivation of electrorefining anodes
Pebbles, oversize
PeirceSmith converting
alternatives to
recent developments in
268
36
5
concentrate smelting in
142
converter in
128f
copper blow
139140
end point determinations for
139140
environmental concerns with
232
industrial data for

offgas collection in
134
135t
130t133t
135t
136137
138f
140
oxygen-enriched air in
135
solids melting
140142
141142
reactions in
129134
scrap additions
141142
pneumatic injection of
134f
142143
oxygen enrichment of blast
productivity maximization for
129f
150
142
impurity behavior and
128143
143150
campaign life maximization for
improvements in
6f
143
shell design for
143
slag and
128
blow
139
control
139
formation rate
139
temperature
Index Terms
Links
PeirceSmith converting (Cont.)

choice of
138
control
137
measurement of
138
TSL compared to
tuyere
accretion buildup and
flowrate in
shrouded blast injection for
tuyere pyrometer and
Percolation leaching
138f
164
129f
136137
136f
135
142143
138f
286
See also Dump leaching;

Heap leaching; Vat leaching
Phase diagrams
CaOFeOxSiO2
CuS
FeOSSiO2
Picket fences
Platinum-group metals, in electrorefining
80f
133f
74f
330331
253
Polymer concrete cells

electrorefining
260
electrowinning
353
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

Post-consumer scrap
296
353
374f
375379
Pourbaix diagrams
CuFeSOH2O system
285f
CuSOH2O system
284f
Pregnant leach solution (PLS)
281
collection of
300
minimizing solids in
338
Index Terms
Links
Pregnant leach solution (PLS) (Cont.)

trains of
332
Pressure oxidation leaching (POx)
286
chalcopyrite and
concentrates
304308
processes for
310t311t
temperature elevation in
308315
high-temperature, highindustrial data on
309
312t314t
316t
medium-temperature, medium-
309315
Pressure swing absorption (PSA)
98
Price, of copper
29
Process wastes
379
29f
Production of copper
by country
growth in
Prompt industrial scrap
15t16t
13
13f
374375
374f
Properzi casting machine
405
Properzi/Luxi furnaces
402
Protein colloid bone glues
263264
29
264f
R
Re-cleaner flotation cells
56
industrial data on
62t64t
Recycling of copper scrap
1112
11f
See also Scrap; copper recovery from

Refining, electrolytic
251
See also Electrorefining
Index Terms
Links
Refining locations
map of largest
production statistics for
25f
15t16t
Refractories.
See specific smelting processes
Reverse-flow settlers
Rod production, bar casting and
Rotary dryers
331
331f
404409
404f
405f
407t408t
97
Rotary refining furnace, fire

refining of molten
copper in
industrial data for
sequence in
Rough copper
Rougher-scavenger flotation cells
industrial data on
Run around scrap
Run-of-mine ore (ROM)
pretreatment of
237240
238f
239t
238240
396
56
58t64t
373374
374f
288
296
S
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
Scrap, copper recovery from
47
47f
anode furnaces and
393
anodes and
245
auto shredder residue for
382f
383384
automobile
382f
382384
380385
381f
cable
converting of copper matte and
electronic
393
384385
Index Terms
Links
Scrap, copper recovery from (Cont.)

external arising
375379
flowsheet for general
11f
government regulations of
391
grades of
374f
376f
377t378t
home (run around)
373374
374f
internal arising
374375
374f
383
383f
new
374375
374f
115116
meatballs
old (obsolete)
pneumatic injection of
post-consumer
374f
141142
143
375379
process wastes and
379
profitability of
435
prompt industrial
374f
secondary materials industries and
375
in smelting furnaces
392
wire
375379
374f
374375
392f
380385
Secondary copper
characteristics of
391
processing in primary smelters
392
392f
Top Submerged Lance

smelting furnace for
395396
Secondary copper smelting

to black copper
393395
fire refining and electrorefining after
396
high-grade
393
products of
395
394f
Index Terms
Links
Secondary copper smelting (Cont.)

types of
392
Secondary materials industries and scrap
375
SELE cathode holder
355
Selectivity, in flotation
Selenium, in electrorefining
356f
5354
253254
Semi-autogenous grinding
mills (SAG mills)
36
42f
industrial data for
37t
42t
Sensors, for flotation
6467
67t
Short-circuiting
269
Shrouded blast injection
142143
Silver, in electrorefining
255
Single absorption acid plant
222t223t
224
229t
Slag-cleaning furnaces.
See Electric slag-cleaning furnace
Slags. See also specific slags
for abrasive grit
423424
CaO based
magnetite and
viscosity of
7980
80
for cement and concrete
423
for ceramic tile
425
Cu losses in
191
minimizing
79f
193201
decreasing copper in slag

minimizing Cu concentration in
minimizing slag generation for
193194
193
pyrometallurgical slag
settling/reduction for
194197
196t
Index Terms
Links
Slags (Cont.)
slag minerals processing for
197201
from direct-to-copper smelting
182t
Cu-in-slag concentration of
185
198t200t
186
187
8486
76t77t
flash furnace matte smelting and

Inco
105
Outotec
96
for iron ore
424
for land reclamation
424
melting of cathode copper production of
402

separating matte and
114115
128
blow
139
control
139
formation rate
139
SiO2 based
electrical conductivity of
Fe-O-S-SiO2 phase diagram for
79
74

Outotec control and
101
immiscible liquid compositions in
75t
magnetite and
75f
matte and
7482
from matte smelting
7578
melting point of
molecular structure of
Noranda continuous converting and
79f
74
75f
149
specific gravity of
79
surface tension of
79
Index Terms
Links
Slags (Cont.)
viscosity of
78
79
Teniente matte smelting control

composition
120
depth
120
uses or disposal for
423425
Slags, Cu recovery from

direct-to-copper smelting and
186187
Glogw
187
Olympic Dam
187
flotation and
industrial data for
197201
199t200t
Slimes. See Anode slimes

Slurry level sensor
44
Smelting. See also Secondary

copper smelting,
specific processes
bath
8384
costs for
investment
427430
operating
434t
variation in
429
decreasing copper in slag and

flash
428t
433435
193
8384
Mitsubishi process
165167
Noranda process
111114
112f
offgas from
206208
206t207t
Peircee Smith converting

and concentrate
142
plant locations for
19
19t21t
22f
433t
Index Terms
Links
Smelting (Cont.)
purpose of
73
scrap use in
392
392f
391393
392f
73
78f
117118
118f
secondary copper processing

in primary
silica and
world production in
15t16t
Solvent extraction (SX)
aqueous-in-organic entrainment in
328329
chemistry of
324325
circuit configurations in
331333
alternative approach to
336
wash stage included in
333
3f
79
323343
332f
costs of
investment
436438
437t
operating
436438
437t
crud formation in
337339
diluents for
327328
aliphatic compared to
partially aromatic
328t
loss of
339
electrolytes and
flowrate determination for
335336
purity maximization in
328329
equilibrium stripped organic

Cu concentration in
334
335f
equipment for
329331
329f
extractants for
325327
325f
classes of
327
Index Terms
Links
Solvent extraction (SX) (Cont.)

concentration determined for
333334
efficiency of
334
loss of
339
in organic phase
335
properties of
326t
335f
flowsheet for
281
282f
from heap leaching
89
9f
industrial data on
339343
340t343t
mixer-settler for
329330
329f
mixer designs
329330
330f
picket fences in
330331
reverse-flow settlers
settler designs
331
331f
330331
331f
operational stability of
336337
organic phase composition in
325328
parallel circuit in, configuration of
332f
333
phase continuity in
339
plant locations for
28f
26
323324
324f
process of
extraction
323
stripping
323
324f
26t27t
series circuit in
configuration of
quantitative design of
series-parallel circuits compared to
331333
332f
332f
333336
336
337t
332f
333
336
337t
334
335f
334t
series-parallel circuit in
configuration of
series circuits compared to
stripping isotherms and
Index Terms
Southwire casting machine
industrial data for
Southwire shaft furnace
Links
404f405f
407t408t
402
Specific gravity
matte
separator
slag
81
380381
381f
79
Spray cooling
211
Sprinklers
300
Stainless steel cathode blanks

258f
edge strips for
259
electrorefining
258
electrowinning
352f
Steam dryers
97
Strip casting
409410
259
258f
Stripping isotherms,
solvent extraction and
334
335f
Noranda
111114
112f
Teniente
117118
118f
Vanyukov
122123
122f
Submerged tuyere smelting
Sulfacid
228229
Haldor Topse WSA compared to

Sulfide heaps, aeration of
Sulfide minerals
229t
298
51
in agitation leaching
304
dump and heap leaching reactions with
289
leaching and
283285
285f
Index Terms
Links
Sulfur
alternative products with
231
capture and fixation of
205
future improvements in
231
in copper, Cu-S phase diagram
133f
in electrorefining
fire refining stages and contents of
254255
239t
removal of
240
melting point of
309
Sulfur dioxide (SO2)
205t
Sulfuric acid concentration

lixiviant (heap leaching)
pregnant leach solution collection
raffinate
Sulfuric acid manufacture
295f
299
300
281
300
332
338
331332
332f
334
335f
208231
acid plant blowdown in
212
alternative methods for
227229
catalysts for
214215
dust accumulation in
216
industrial arrangement of
215
temperature of
224
double absorption
224
industrial data for
218t221t
flowsheet for
215f
225226
catalytic converter for
electrostatic precipitation of dust in
213f
224f
211
209f

and SO3 absorption
gas cooling and heat recovery for
spray cooling
223f
210211
210f
211
Index Terms
Links
Haldor Topse WSA and Sulfacid

compared to conventional
229t
mercury removal in
211
offgases and
208
drying in
212214
product grades of
reaction paths in
characteristics of
recent and future developments in
single absorption
industrial data for
227
224225
229231
224
222t223t
214217
216
Cs-promoted catalyst in
216
heat exchangers for

heat recovery during
225f
225226
conversion equilibrium curve for
flowsheet for
214f
217f
225f
227
223f
223f
226
230231
ignition and degradation

temperatures in
industrial data for
215216
218t223t
maximizing
229230
reaction paths in
224226
SO3 absorption
216217
absorption towers for
226
acid cooling and
227
flowsheet for
225f
226t
223f
optimum absorbing acid

composition for
water quenching, scrubbing, cooling in
217
224f
225f
211
Index Terms
Links
Surface tension
of matte
of slag, SiO2 based
82
79
T
Tailings from flotation
Cu content (ore flotation)
disposal of
Tellurium, in electrorefining
58t59t
68
253254
Temperature
in direct-to-copper smelting
182

Outotec control of
high-pressure oxidation leaching, high-
101
309
medium-pressure oxidation
leaching, medium-
309
Mitsubishi process and

control
169
rise in
167
Noranda smelting process control of
173t
116

choice of
control
measurement of
138
137138
138
138f
pressure oxidation leaching of

chalcopyrite and elevated
308315

catalysts and
225226
sulfuric acid manufacture SO2

to SO3 oxidation
Index Terms
Links
Tailings from flotation (Cont.)

Teniente matte smelting control of
215216
120
117118
campaign life and repair of
121
control
120
matte and slag composition
120
matte and slag depth
120
temperature
120
cooling of
impurity behavior distribution in
118f
121
120121
121t
industrial data on
112t
119t
matte grade, high in
121
offgas heat recovery in
122
operation of
118119
seed matte
117118
SO2 capture efficiency of
121
Teniente slag cleaning furnace
197
Tenorite
19t
Thickeners
198t
6768
Thiourea
264
Tin, in electrorefining
254
Top Submerged Lance smelting (TSL)
150
arsenic and
163
capacity in
155
copper converting using
164165
furnace
156163
156f
157f
impurity elimination in
163
international locations of
164
164f
156163
162f
lance tip in
Index Terms
Links
Top Submerged Lance smelting (TSL) (Cont.)

mechanisms of
Peircee-Smith converting compared to
163
164
secondary copper and
395
startup and shutdown of
163
versatility of
156
Tough pitch copper. See

Electrolytic tough pitch copper
Tuyere
Noranda smelting furnace
112f

and dried concentrates through
PeirceeSmith converter
accretion buildup and
flowrate in
shrouded blast injection for
punching
113t
129f
136137
136f
135
142143
136
Teniente smelting furnace
118f
Vanyukov smelting furnace
122f
Tuyere pyrometer
116
138f
117f
U
Unalloyed copper classes
Uses, copper and copper alloys
United States
397398
13
13f
14t
Index Terms
Links
V
V2O5 catalysts for sulfuric
acid manufacture
214215
215f

temperatures in
215216
Vacuum pressure swing

absorption (VPSA)
98
Vanyukov smelting
122123
industrial data for
123t
process of
122
stationary furnace in
122123
Vat leaching
industrial data on
122f
286
301303
303f
301t302t

Vertical casting machines
316t
409
Viscosity
of matte
81
of slag
CaO based
80
SiO2 based
78
79
W
Wash stage, solvent extraction
333
Waste from electrical and electronic

equipment (WEEE)
375
Waste heat boiler

in flash furnace matte smelting, Outotec
gas cooling in
Waste minerals
98
210f
281
Index Terms
Links
Wet chlorination process for anode slimes
421
Wet gas Sulfuric Acid (WSA)
208
Haldor Topse
227228
flowsheet for
228f
Sulfacid compared to
229t
Wet gas Sulfuric Acid-Double

Condensation (WSA-DC)
230
White metal (high grade matte)
127
Wire and cable scrap
380
Wobblers
300
133f
X
Xanthate
53
X-ray fluorescence analysis
65
67t
Z
Zero water discharge plants
68

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INDEX

Absorption towers, sulfuric acid

Acid cure, heap leaching

Acid mist suppression,

Air Liquide Shrouded

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

electrorefining and Cu recovery from

Gold, recovery from anode slimes

Selenium, recovery from anode slimes

Silver, recovery from anode slimes

Tellurium, recovery from anode slimes

scrap and reject

slimes from, Cu recovery from

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Asarco shaft furnaces

ASTM specifications, copper

Ausmelt batch converting

Ausmelt Continuous Copper

feed materials for

Mitsubishi process compared to

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Auto shredder residue (ASR)

Autogenous grinding mills (AG mills)

See also Ausmelt/Isasmelt

Bin and feed system, in flash

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Blast heater, in flash furnace

ore-toughness measurements for

in Mitsubishi process converting furnace

Boliden Norzink process

Calcium ferrite slag (CaOCu2OFeO3)

advantages and disadvantages of

flash converting and

Mitsubishi process converting

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Casting copper (Cont.)

industrial data for

industrial data for

product grades and quality of

Catalyst for SO2 to SO3 conversion

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

edge strips for

purity maximization for

stainless steel blanks as

SELE cathode holder

electrical factors affecting

physical factors affecting

Ceramic tile, slag for

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

pressure oxidation leaching of

Cleaner flotation cells

Ausmelt/Isasmelt smelting and

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Comminution. See also Crushing; Grinding

high-pressure roll crushing for

Concentrate burner, in flash

Noranda smelting process and dried

Peircee-Smith converting and smelting

SEM for optimizing

This page has been reformatted by Knovel to provide easier navigation.

Concentration of Cu ores (Cont.)

industrial data for

plant locations for