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http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924022932382

CATALOGUE

INDIAN COINS

THE b:ritish museum.

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS Or BAOTRIA

AND INDIA.

LONDON

PKIJSrTED

BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES.

LONGMANS &

QtTAEITOH, 16, Piooadiiit

CovEWT Gaedeh, and at Beelis
B.

Paeis: 0.

CO., Pateesosteb

Eow;

ASHBR & CO., 13, Bedeohd Steeet,

TRUBNER 8j CO., 67 & 59, LiTDaATE Hill.
A.

BOLLIN & FB0ABDENT,

4,

Ede de Lonvois.

THE COINS
,

or THE

GREEK AND SCYTSIC KINGS OF BACTRIA

AND INDIA

THE BRITISH MUSEUM.

BY PEECY GAEDNEE,

Litt. D.

DISNET PJtOFESBOK OP ABCITAEOLOGT IK THE rSIVEESTTT OF CAMBKIDGE.

EDITED BY

EEGINALD STUAET POOLE,

LL.D.

CORHESPONDBNT OF THB INSTITUTE OP FBANCE-

LONDON

FEINTED BY OEDEE OF THE TEUSTEES.

1886.

LONDON
PHINTED BY GILBEBT AND HIVINGTON, LIMITED,
ST.

(tnixL^

JOHN'S SQUABE, CLEEKENWBI-L,

y\^.^.Ajux^^ w.

&(^.

E.G.

Cr^.A-^
.f

Mu^CxA,

PREFACE.

EDITOR'S

The

present volume contains

all

the coins which were issued by

who

the Greek and Scythic kings

ruled in India and the neigh-

bouring lands between the time of Alexander the Great and the
third century a.d.

The work has been long and

and

editor,

The number of unusual

printer.

contains has greatly hindered

difficulties
is

laborious,

its

progress

have not been the only ones.

alike to compiler,

characters which

it

but the typographical

The

history of the kings

very obscure, and the types employed on their coins often of a

mixed and uncertain

numismatics

even

offer

philological;

character.

On

richer material,

though

the other hand, few fields of

historical,

philological

archaeological,

theories

are

and

necessarily

excluded from these pages.

Special thanks are due to General Cunningham, R.E.,

who has

allowed the compiler free use of his plates published in recent

volumes of the Numismatic Chronicle, and has thus enabled the

present
wise be

work
:

to

be rendered

also to Professor

philological aid.

far

more complete than

Cecil Bendall,

it

could other-

who has given

valuable

vi

editoe's preface.

The system of

transliteration

adopted for Prakrit words

is

that

used by Professor Aufrecht in the Sanskritic Catalogue of the

Bodleian Library; also in the Catalogue of Books in the British

Museum.
I have carefully revised the manuscript of this work, comparing

each coin with the corresponding description.

EEGINALD STUART POOLE.

CONTENTS.

KODUCTION :

CONTENTS.

II.

Insceiptions

itl.

MONOGBAMS

IV.

Types:

Geebk,' Indian, and Sotthic

liii

Iv

Greek types

Ivi

Semi-Hellenic types
.

Hindu

Ivii

types

Iviii

Parthian types

lix

Types of Yueh-Clii Kings

V.

VI.

Weights
Normal weights

The

Am an

VII. Table

Ix
Ixvii

Ixix

of coins

Pali Alphabet

Ixx

transliterations

op

AND

RENDERINGS

OF

Prakrit legends

Ixxii

.........
.........
........
.........
....._.
.........
.........
.......

COIN CATALOGUE:
Andtagoras

Sophytes
Diodotus

I.

Euthydem^^s

Demetrius

Euthydemus
Pantaleon
Agathocles

Antimachus
Eucratides

I.

.4

......
.....
..
.........

I.

^.

..........
.........
.........
.......

Antialcidas

'

Heliocles,

Lysias

II.

Eucratides with Heliocles and Laodice

Plato

8
9

10
12
13
19

20
21

25

29

Diomedes

31

Archebius

32

ApoUodotus

I.

34

ApoUodotus II

37

Strato 1

40

Agathocleia with Strato

43

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

CONTENTS.

XI
PASA

Arsaces Dikaios
Arsaces Theos

Kadphises II

Kanerkes

174
175

.........

175
175

INDEXES :
I-

II.

Types

177

Kings, Tyrants, &c.

III. Titles of

184

Kings

A. Greek

B. Scythic, in Greek
C.

Indian Titles and

186
letters

Words

....
.

rV. Remarkable Inscriptions and Legends

187
187
190

Table for converting English Indies into Millimetres and

tbe Measures of Mionnet's Scale

191

Table of the relative Weights of English Grains and French

Grammes

....

....

192

LIST OF PLATES.

LIST OF PLATES.
I.

II.

Andragoras, Sophytes, Diodotus, EuthyJemus

Euthydemus

I.,

III.

Demetrius, Euthydemus

rv.

Agathocles.

V.

Antimachus

VI.

VII.
VIII.

IX.
X.

XL
XIL

I.,

II.,

Pantaleon.

Eucratides.

Eucratides, Plato.
Heliocles, Autialcidas.

Antialcidas, Lysias, Diomedes.

Archebius, ApoUodotus.
Apollodotus, Strato
Strato

I.

Aga1;hocleia,

I.,

Menander.

Menander, Epander, Dionysius,

Zoilus.

XIIL

ApoUophanes, Artemidorus, Antimachus

XIV.

Hippostratus, Amyntas.

XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.

XIX.

XX.

Maues, Azes.
Azes.
Azes.

Azes, AzUises.

XXIV.

Basileus Megas, Heiaiis, Hyrcodes, &c.

Vonones, Spalahores, &c.

SpaUrises &c., Gondophai-es.

Abdagases, Zeionises &c., Pacores, Orthagnes, Sanabares.

Kadphises

XXVI.
XXVII.

Kanerkes.

XXVIII.

Hooerkes.

XXXII.

Philoxcnus, Niuias.

Maues.

Azilises,

XXIX.
XXX.
XXXI.

II.,

Hermaeus, Calliope, Kanjabala.

XXI.
XXII.
XXIII.

XXV.

I.

Demetrius.

I.,

Kadaphes, Kadphises

Kanerkes, Hooerkes.

Hooerkes, Bazodeo, &c.

Supplementary.

II.

THE COINS
OF THE

GEEEK AND SGYTHIC KINGS

OF

BACTEIA AND INDIA.

INTRODUCTION.
In treating of the arrangement of the coins of the Greek and
^cythic Kings of Bactria and India,

Necessity for here

examining

dynasties succeeded one another in a

known

events of their reigns have been handed

It

facts of their

was therefore unnecessary

order,

down

and the chief

to us

by ancient

to give the facts of

history as an introduction to the lists of the coins issued

But

ia regard to all but

necessary

The Kings of the Seleucid and Ptolemaic

history.

writers.

known

to enter briefly into all the

his-

it is

two or three of the kings

the ancient historians are quite silent ;

their

by them.

of the farther Bast,

and coins and

alone save us from ignorance even of their names.

inscriptions

Therefore

it is

necessary in this Introduction to trace the outlines of any history

which can now be recovered, and in particular in some

forth the historical facts which

of the coins.

may

be estabhshed by means

In order to bring the discussion into the narrowest

possible limits,

it

wiU be necessary

jecture, however- tempting

points, merely indicating

where

referring,

fairly

detail to set

when

possible, to

(1)

to abstain

from mere con-

avoid full discussion of disputed

(2) to

difference of

opinion exists, and

works already published, or monographs

in various numismatic journals;

(3)

to treat in detail only such

parts of history as have a numismatic bearing.

The

writers to

Most important
writers.

whom

credit is

pherment

due for the arrangement and deci-

of these coins are, in the first rank,

Prinsep* and

General Alexander

James

Cunningham.f

* Essays on Indian Antiquities.

f Coins

of the Successors of Alexander,

Numismatic

Chronicle, 1868, &o^

INTRODUCTION.

XVIU

Mr. E. Thomas,* Lassen^f and Wilson.J

liave

also

done much

important workj both historical and numismatic, in the same

The most recent monograph on the

whose scholarly acquirements and
enabled him

coins

solid

is

that of

von

field.

Sallet,

numismatic judgment have

on many points the theories of his prede-

to correct

Mr. James Pergusson's and Professor CowelFs researches

cessors.

have also been of the greatest value to the present purpose ; and
there

much

is

valuable matter in von Gutschmid's article on the

Grraeco-Parthian
Britannica,
it

will

s.

Empire

in the ninth edition of the Encydopcedia

When

v. Persia.

a debt

due to other writers,

is

be mentioned in the foot-notes.

I.

The numismatics
Alexander the
Great:

HisTOKicAL Outlines.

of the

Greek

^n^^ Diodotus.
\t^

rulers of India properly begins

But

there are a few coins issued

India or neighbouring countries at an earlier

Eulers who issued

coin B.C.

330

**'"

period than his, which are, for convenience, in-

eluded jn this volume.

Whether Alexander

during his sojourn in India, issued coins in his

perhaps be doubted

certain bronze coins,

his

but

[]

it is

himself,

own name, may

at least a plausible conjecture that

bearing the usual types of Alexander and

name, but of square form, were issued in India^ as the custom

of issuing square coins already existed in India in Alexander's time

but in no other country.

in the British

These pieces, then, unfortunately wanting

Museum, may be considered

as the earliest

Greek

coins of India.

* Notes

to Prinsep's Essays.

f Indische AUerthumshunde.
X Ariana Antiqua,
Zeitschrift filr Numismatih, Berlin 1879.
The conjecture is Dannenberg's, Zeitschr. f. Num. vi. 166 (note), who, however,
gives the coins to Bactria. India is a far more reasonable attribution..
II

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

In recent years the region of Balkli

XIX

(Bactria) has furnished

an

abundant supply of coins, issued by the immediate successors of

Alexander in that

Greek

letters

Among

district.*

on the obverse

these are double darics, with

gold and silver coins of the

three

first

Antiochi, with the types of a seated Apollo and of a horse's head

silver coins of Seleucus

a horse's head

Antiochus

I.,

I.,

coins issued during the joint reigns of Seleucus

bearing the names of both rulers

an early king of the Persepolitan

Among

these also have

silver, of

with types of a chariot of elephants and

and gold money of

with Pehlvi legend.

class,

come

to light a few coins, in gold

named Andragoras, who

a king

and

and
con-

is

jectured to have been ruler of Parthia or one of the

neighbouring countries in the early part of the third century

The

only ancient authority

states

up

who mentions

this

Andragoras to have been the name of

of Parthia

as Satrap

by Alexander,

by

overthrown eighty years later

the

king

a Satrap of Parthia
Arsaces.

first

B.C.

who

a Persian noble set

(1)

(2)

is Justin,-!"

more

It is

probable that the coins published in our catalogue belong to the

The

period of the second of these rulers.

that the ruler

and

who

issued

them claimed

issue of gold coin

this is a further reason for assigning

him

to the time of the

break np of the Seleucid empire in the East, about

The coins of Sophytes were

They

first

250.

B.C.

pubHshed by Cunningham.f

more interesting because

are the

shows

a complete independence

their date

Sophytes.

and place of

We learn from

can be approximately fixed.

issue

several of the historians of Alexander's reign that

Sopeithes, or Sophytes, ruled a district on the banks of the Acesines

* P. Gardner,
ham, in B. A.

S.

in

Num.

Chron. 1879,

B. Journal, 1881,

p.

p. 151.

1880, p. 181

1881,

p. 8.

river enriched the cabinets of collectors.

Justin,

Num.

xii. 4, xli.

Chron. 1866,

Of.

Num.

p. 220.

Canning-

Especially has a find from the

Chron. 1879,

p. 1

1881, p.

8.

Oxus

XX

INTKODTJCTION.

and was confirmed by the

But Sophytes' coins are copied from

at the time of Alexander's invasion,

latter in the possession of

it.

the issues, not of Alexander, but of Seleucus.

It

would appear

from them that Sophytes renewed with Seleucus, very probably on

the occasion of that king's eastern expedition against Sandracottus,
the friendship which he had established with Alexander.

After this expedition, for the period of a century, that

is

to say

during the third century before our era, India proper was governed
altogether

by

native rulers

the power of the Seleucidae and Greek

kings of Bactria stopping at the Indian Caucasus.

The date
Th B

of the revolt of Bactria against the authority of the

revolt.
10

Seleucidae,

who had

inherited all the eastern parts

of the empire of Alexander, cannot be accurately

us.

fixed.

Justin,* however, states that

was con-

it

temporary with another revolt of one of the eastern provinces of

the Seleucid empire, that of the Parthians under Arsaces

which took place

in B.C.

About

248.t

an event

that time, then, Diodotus,

Satrap of Bactria, revolted against Antiochus

succeeded in establishing his independence.

He

II.

of

Syria,

and

seems to have pre-

pared his subjects for a change of masters by issuing coin bear,

ing the types of Antiochus

II. of Syria, -but

with his

own

portrait.

After his establishment in the kingdom he continued this issue

unchanged, only substituting his

for that of ^he Seleucid king.
died,

and was succeeded by

own name,

According to Justin, Diodotus soon

his son, also

a treaty of alliance with Arsaces, the

seems clear that

all

besides his portrait,

coins which have

xli. 4.

Gardner, The Parthian Coinage, p.

named Diodotus, who made

first

Parthian king.

come down

But

it

to us bearing the

3.

J Br. Mus. Catalogue of Seleucid Coins, p. 15. Cf. Num. Chron. 1881, p. 11.
Justin calls Diodotus Theodotus. But Trogus Pompeius seems to
xli. 4.
have had the name right, Frol.

lib. xli.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

XXI

name- of Diodotus were issued by one king.

either suppose that Justin is

We

'

must therefore

wrong and has duplicated a

single

monarch, or that the younger Diodotus continued the issue of his

money unchanged,

father's

finally,

or,

continued during his lifetime

to

that

issue

elder Diodotus

the

money

in

the

name

of

Antiochus of Syria, and that our coins with the name of Diodotus

were issued by his

son,

name and

on the

portrait

who

first

ventured to introduce his

Between these

coin.

cannot venture to decide ; in favour of the

that the portrait of Diodotus

on

more than middle age; the

coins

elderly portrait, being

We

now

""^ "

of

flat

fabric,

was superseded

possibly a Satrap of

who was

we

may be observed
man of not

his coins is that of a

by Buthydemus, a native

Antiochus

alternatives

and bearing an

considered forgeries.

learn that Diodotus

Eastern expedi-

last, it

own

in full

in the rule of Bactria

of Magnesia, in Ionia,

some neighbouring province,

power

at the time

when Antiochus

III.

the G-reat made his eastern expedition, in or about

The

B.C. 208.

his history

battle

accurate pages of Polybius* give us a glimpse into

which

is

very valuable.

by Antiochus, and unable

Buthydemus being defeated

in

to oppose him, appealed to his

generosity, saying that he was born in Asia Minor, and was not one

who had revolted against Antiochus II., but, on the contrary,

had gained the kingdom after rooting out the descendants of those
of those

who had
arise if

so revolted.

He

he were obliged

pointed out the grave danger that must

to call in the aid of the Scythians,

who

were already hovering on the Chinese frontier of his dominions.

Antiochus seems to have been open to conviction finally, he agreed
:

acknowledge Buthydemus' independence ; and, taking a fancy to

Demetrius his son, promised him one of his own daughters in
to

marriage.
* Hist.

X.

ad fin.,

xi. 34.

INTUODTJCTION.

Xxii

After making

terms

Euthydemus, Antioclius advanced

witli

and made a treaty with the

into India,

across the Paropamisus

who seems

Indian king, Sophagasenus, or Subhagasena,

time to have been in

full

dominion stretching

at that

possession of the Kabul Valley, the Greek

little,

at

if

to the south of the Indian

all,

and

Thence Antiochus returned, through Arachosia

Caucasus.

Drangiana, to Syria.

With the beginning

of

the second century

changes taking
Eucratides

in

the

Demetrius succeeded ' and we

:

find, as

his son

contemporary
.

rival of the latter, the great Eucratides,

At

whose

and defeat may be partly traced

career of chequered victory

historical records.

great

Greek regions of

and

find

On the death of Euthydemus,

Central Asia.

conquests to
East & South

place

we

b.c.

in

the same time the Greeks, perhaps in con-

sequence of the constantly increasing pressure from the north of

the nomadic tribes of Central Asia,

made

their

way

the

across

Indian Caucasus, and began to wrest from the native Indian princes
the districts of Kabul and the Panjab, which had been

dominion

native

Antiochus

III.,

by the

from

and which Diodotus does not seem

for coins of Diodotus are not

On

kings

Seleucid

left

Seleucus
to

under
I.

to

have attacked

found south of the Indian Caucasus.

the other hand, those of Euthydemus are found as far south as

Seistan,

and

as far east as the Panjab ;*

and the

city of Sagala, in

the neighbourhood of Lahore, bore the surname of Euthydemia.

Thus the sudden extension of the Greek pale would seem

a feature of the later years of Euthydemus.

statements of ancient writers, that the

Euthydemus but
in the

kingdom

his son Demetrius,

p.

137.

it

at Attok.

been

appears, from the

actual conqueror

who was probably

as well as his successor.

* Some were found in the Indus

1869,

But

to have

was not

his colleague

Thus Justinf speaks of

See Cunningham, in

xli. 6.

Num.

Chron.,

HISTOETCAL OUTLINES.

XXlll

Demetrius as king of India, and Strabo* couples him with Menander

as a chief agent of
is

Greek conquest

that Demetrius

made

in India.

What seems most likely

considerable conquests during his father^s

lifetime.

We are, however, scarcely justified in saying, as does v.Gutschmid.f

that -'Demetrius himself marched

down the

course of the Indus,

conquered Pattala and the kingdom of Saraostes (Surashtra) and

Sigerdis, probably the district of the commercial city Barygaza."

The

careless

language of the passage of Strabo

in

which these-places

are mentioned as within the Greek pale seems only to imply that

some

of the

Greek kings extended their conquests

so far

and

it is

reasonable to suppose that the rule of Menander was extended farther

to south

and east than that of Demetrius ;

conquest of the Indus valley

to

Menander

may be with more

Not only did Euthydemus

therefore the

reason ascribed.

acquire, through his

son's

activity,

territory in India, but he also probably ruled the widest district

ever possessed by the Greeks to the north of the Paropamisus,

from

Margiana to

Chinese

Tartary.

Even

into

the

Celestial

Empire the influence and the trade of the Greeks seems at this
time to have penetrated.

Of

this a proof is furnished

by a coin

brought by Sir D. Forsyth from Kashgar,J bearing a Chinese legend

and inscribed with the name and

Hermaeus.

by the

and usurpations

first

Antimachus.

11, 1.

of fresh kings of uncertain origin, such as the'

Most of

Strabo's

statements as to early Bactrian history

For instance, he speaks of the revolt of Arsaces

Euthydemus.
of

are loose and incorrect.

quent to the

rise

t In Bncycl. Brit,, Persia, p. 590.

% Numism. Chron. 1879, p. 274. That
formed, denied.

up

between Demetrius and Eucratides, as well as by the

rise

xl.

of a Greek king, possibly

After Euthydemus' death his dominions were broken

rivalry

* Geog.

titles

this coin is of iron, is

as subse-

now, I

am

in-

XXIV

INTEODTJCTION.

Of Eucratides

fortunate chance, the

Coins of

We know, however, by a

also the origin is obscure.

names of

his father

and mother.
-

These are tarnished to us by the remarkable coins *

Eucratides

with his father

and mother.

^yhich bear

on one

side the

head of Eucratides, and

the inscription BaaiKev'i EvKpaTtST]<; ; on the other

The

the portraits of his father and mother, Heliocles and Laodice.

very collocation of the inscriptions which appear on the two sides

of those

coins, BacriXevi EiiKpaTiSr]';

'HXiotcKeovi

icaX AaoSi/cr]<;,

where we seem almost compelled to understand the word

shows that in them Eucratides intends to proclaim

seem to have been a king

Heliocles does not

trait

at

to?,

hia parentage.

all,

for hia

por-

wears no diadema, but Laodice's head does seem to be bound

with the diadema, in the Greek East the invariable sign of royalty.

And

indeed her appearance on coins in such a connexion would

scarcely be explicable unless she were of royal parentage.

must remain

in ignorance

whose daughter she was.

Yon

But we

Sallet has

proposed an entirely different interpretation of the coins in quea-

He

thinks that they were issued

by Eucratides, not in honour

on the occasion of the marriage of his son
Heliocles (who afterwards succeeded him) with a Laodice, whom
tion.

of his parents, but

Sallet

have been daughter of Demetrius by the

conjectures to

daughter

of Antiochus III.,

whom

monarch

that

Demetrius in the course of his Indian campaign.

thesis

some recent writers have

of theory.

But

it is

the one fact that the

to

of

name Laodice was

the Seleucid dynasty of Syria.

more weight.

The

how

Sallet

hypo-

On

young persons

In

its

favour

usual in (not peculiar

the other side are reasons

portraits of Hehocles

coins are of elderly, not

this

tried to build further structures

unfitted to bear such a weight.

is

betrothed to

On

and

and Laodice on the

it is

not easy to see

would interpret in the inscriptions which accompany

* See page

19, pi. vi, 9, 10.

XKV

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
the portraits

the genitive case in the names of Heliocles and

Laodice, unless he understands before them the word

with that of Eucratides

(pL vii. 1, 2),

lie

any

vi.

(pi.

9),

and that of the younger Heliocles

must allow that it resembles Eucratides

than his son ; which

artist

(pi. v. 0),

If

vto?.

one carefully compares the head of the elder Heliocles

far more nearly

may be best accounted for by supposing

that the

constructed the head of the elder Heliocles after his death,

on the analogy

of that of his son Eucratides.

The wars between Demetrius and Eucratides

Wars

Justin ; *

of

Demetrius and

are mentioned by

but the statements of

be received with great

must

this writer

caution, nor can

we

believe

his assertions that the Indian conquests of Eucratides

belong to the end of his reign, or that Demetrius ruled until

nearly the same time.
coins

of Demetrius

For the coins seem

come

of Eucratides are very

commonly found

from Bactria, those

Kabul Valley.

in the

Greek legends

coins of Demetrius bear

and that they were

date than the

issued in India.

The

only, with rare exception,

while the bronze coins of Eucratides are nearly

indication alike of their later

The

to contradict them.

in almost all cases

all bilingual,

money

We therefore,

an

of Demetrius

must

still

retain

the opinion that Demetrius ruled only during the early part of
the reign of Eucratides in Bactria as well as in India, and that

Eucratides was for a great part of his reign lord of India as well
as of

Bactria and Arachosia.

Eucratidia in Bactria;

Euthydemia

Eucratides founded

Demetrius, Demetrias

in

the city of

Arachosia,

and

in India.

Cunningham

places the

commencement

of the career of Eucratides

* " Multa tamen Eucratides bella magna virtute

gessit,

quibus adtritus

cum

obsidionem Demetrii regis Indorum pateretur, cum ceo. militibus Ix. milia hoslium adsiduis eruptionibus vicit. Qainto itaque mense liberatus Indiam in potes-

tatem redegit.

Unde cum

interficitnr." Justin,

se reciperet a

filio

quem socium

regni fecerat, in itinera

xli. 6.

INTRODUCTION.

XXVI
Eeign

about

of

lucratides.

His reign began

right.*

tinued with chequered fortune

coins are fonnd,f and their

We

power.

may

also

and tliis date must be approximately

B.C. 190,

commonness, seems

remark

his

over which hia

field

to testify to his great

assumption of the

a clear indication of extensive dominions,

fieya^ as

and was con-

brilliantly,

but the wide

title BaaiXeiif;

and the

fact

that his types and titles are copied

by the kings of

by Timarchus, king

showing how widely his money

But

circulated.

tain provinces

II

it

of Babylon, as

appears that towards the end of his reign cer-

were wrested from him by the Parthians, probably

king Mithradates, who came to the throne

in the time of their great

about

170.

B.C.

whom

Plato,

kings,

who

to have lasted

money,

certainly imitate his

the date on his unique and

to have ruled in B.C. 165,

Plato.

B.C.

The reign of Bucratides appears

the times of two

until

Parthia,} and

remarkable coin shows

and Timarchus of Babylon

Plato would seem to have been a mere ephemeral rival,

162.

or a revolted satrap of Eucratides.

We must
^ ^, ^
luthydemus

assign to the period of the reign of Eucratides, that

to the first half of the second century- B.C., the
'
J

is,

,
II.

coins

Pantaloon,

-Agathocles,

Att^machuTi.

kings

the

of

which was

Euthydemus

and Antimachus
first

of style quite incontestable.

made by von

It

is

I.

II.,

Pantaleon,

This assignment,

Sallet^ is

on grounds

impossible, in view of the art

* There does not seem to be any conclusive evidence on the

point,
v. Sallet
quotes the imitation of Eucratides' types by certain early
Arsacid kings as a proof
that Eucratides' reign began early; but the attribution
of the early coins of the
Arsacidae is a matter of dispute.

t According to Cunningham, they are found at Balkh, in Bokhara;

the Kabul Valley, &c., and a few in the Panjab.
t For

instance, Arsaces VI.,

Coinage, p. 31.

B.

M.

Tn"

"

II

Seistan

xl. 11, ed.

Mithradates I.
See Gardner. Tke Parthian
Other writers attribute these coins to others of the
Arsaoidae

Cat. Seleucidae,

pi.

'

xv. 2, p. 50.

'Aairiiivov Koi rifv Tovpioiav d(j>;^p7,vTo EiK/)ari'8,v

bl Uapdva'wi

Kramer.

The names seem

corrupt,

Strabo

and have been variously amended.

XXVII

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

and

fabric of the coins of those kings, to give them, as previous

Cunningham

writers,

and

Bactrian

independence.

even

confirmed by the

And

did,

the

consideration

the earliest

to

evidence

that as

all

of style

is

days

of

further

these kings reigned

on the south side of the Paropamisus, they cannot be assigned

to

an

than

period

earlier

of the

that

Indian

conquests

of

Demetrius.

This

new

light is of the utmost importance in the classification

of the earlier Greek kings of India

which was
is

full

of difficulties,

entirely destroys

it

and puts

in

its

an order

place one which

thoroughly intelligible and satisfactory.

The

coins of the younger

to those

of Demetrius,

therefore, be

Buthydemus

are certainly subsequent

whose types they borrow.

no reasonable doubt that

younger son of Euthydemus

I.,

this

There can,

king was either the

or else the son of Demetriiis

and

grandson of Buthydemus

L As

demus are not by most

writers distinguished from those of the

the coins of the younger Buthy-

elder, it is not possible to ascertain their find-spots, or to determine

the locality -of his reign

From

its

the rarity of his coins

date would seem to be about

it

may be judged

b.c. 1

70.

that his reign was

soon brought to an end.

Pantaloon and Agathocles strike with almost identical types.

They both adopt the metal nickel* for their coins, and they alone use
They seem, therefore,
in their legends the square Indian alphabet.
to have

been

closely connected, either brothers, or father

and

son.

Coins of both are found in the Kabul Valley and the western
Kandahar. PantaPaniab, and those of Agathocles as far south as

have been the elder of the two, and

leon seems from his portrait to
reign to have been ephemeral.
the rarity of his coins shows his
seems to have ruled more widely and longer, and he has
Agathocles

* See Dr. Flight's analysis in

Num.

Chron. 1868,

p.

305.

XXVlll

INTRODUCTION.

left US in

some

of his coins valuable materials for the determination

of points in his history.

Of the greatest importance

Medals struck
,

may

by

'

Agathocles

issued

tetradrachms,

by Agathocles' in commemo-

of his predecessors in

These medals reproduce alike the

Bactria.

what

predecessors, and,

by

we

a series of coins,* which indeed

rather term medals,' of the weight

of Attic
&

ration

that only

is

their style

more unusual,

still

is

and

their inscriptions

the ordinary coins of those monarchs.

AAEHANAPOY TOY

<l>IAinnoY

The

the Greek rule of

portraits

of these

their coin-types, so

do they

from

differ

inscriptions run thus

BAZIAEYoNToZ
AfAOOKAEOYZ AIKAIOY

ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ
AIOAOTOY ZHTHPOZ
EYOYAHMOY OEOY
To

we must add

these

the parallel coin of

AIOAOTOY ZflTHPOZ
I

King Antimachns

BAZIAEYONTOZ
OEOY ANTIMAXOY

have elsewheret discussed these medals, the true character of

which

V.

Sallet

was the

to

first

establish.

They prove that

Pantaleon and Agathocles, like the younger Euthydemus, belonged

to the faction of

Euthydemus

I.

sumably opposed to Eucratides.

pedigree through Euthydemus
* n.

iv. 1, 3,

XXX. 5,

t Num. Chron.

1881,

I.,

and Demetrius, and were preAgathocles traces his political

Diodotns, and an Antiochus,+ to

6.
p.

184.

X It is disputed which of the three first Antiochi of Syria is the Antiochus

Nicator of these coins. None of them seems really to have home
the title the
first was Soter, the second Theos, the third Megas.
In favour of Antiochus I
it may be urged that he was the only Antiochus who held
undisputed sway in
Bactria, and might well be regarded by the Eastern Greeks as
full successor of
Alexander the Great ; also his father Seleucus was called Nicator.
In favour of
Antiochus II., we have the strong argument that the type of
the seated Herakles
which is repeated on the Bactrian coin is copied from coins of
Syria given by

HISTOIUCAL OUTLINIiS.

Alexander tte Great himself.

Theee

predecessor.

improbable

in

thocles were

all

more

facts

itself,

Antimaclius claims Diodotus as his

seem

that

XXIX

what

to suggest,

Buthydemus

And

sons of Demetrius.

speculative, Antimachus, as to

information, was the representative

II.,

is

by no means
Aga-

Pantaleon, and

possibly,

though

this is

whose connexions we have no

by descent

or otherwise of the

house of Diodotus.

The types of Antimachus'

coins

add one more

They

facts of Greek- Indian history.

Types of
imac us.

silver coins,

to the few
are,

known
on the

Poseidon holding trident and palm

and on the bronze. Victory standing on a

There

ship.

no

is

mistaking the meaning of these types, which clearly allude to a

naval victory
this victory

won by

the king.

It

might seem at

must have been won on the open

rule never extended to the sea

sea.

first

sight that

But Antimachus'

his coins are found both

on the

north and the south of the Caucasus, but never south of the

We

Panjab.

won on

must therefore suppose

the Indus, or one of

its

that the naval victory

great tributaries

was

and, indeed,

it

be understood that the Greeks would place so large a

may
river as the Indus under the sway of Poseidon.
easily

Eucratides was succeeded by his son Heliocles.

Heliocles

two

classes of coins.

king are found mostly

j^^bul Valley.

He

is,

in Bactria,

as

The

coins of this

but also in the

Canningham remarks, the

last

king who struck to the north of the Indian Caucasus.

mav

therefore be almost sure that in his reign the nomadic tribes

"We

conquered the whole country as far south as the Bamian Pass.

The

silver coins of Heliocles fall into

two

classes.

The

first class

consists of coins of the Attic standard of weight, bearing Greek

In favour of Antioclius III., the only argument
the term Nicator seems to he applied to this
where
is a passage of Malala (p. 261),
all weight by the numerous mistakes which
of
deprived
is
passage
this
But
king.
The balance of evidence is greatly in favour of Antiochus I. or II.
contains.
general consent to Antiochus II.

it

XXX

INTRODUCTION.

The second

legends only.

class consists

of coins of a different

weight, which. I call the Persian^* which bear bilingual inscriptions

and a
the

The theory

different portrait of the king.

first class

was issued by the king while he ruled

the second class at a later period,

And

of India.

is

is

it

obvious that

in Bactria,

when he was king only

and

of a corner

greatly in favour of this view' that the coins

of the Bactrian class were largely copied by the barbarous tribes

of central Asia, just as the coins of Philip and Alexander were by

the G-auls

who invaded Macedon about

Indian class are closely like

Kabul Valley and

Down

coins, of

B.C.

e IOC 08.

290, while those of the

subsequent Greek kings of the

India.

to the reign of Heliocles,

Successors of

B.C.

160

which must be assigned to about

120, we are

pj, jj^^jg

able to trace with certainty,

jggg tiia,n certainty, the order of succession

But we now

of the Greek kings of India.

arrive

on the verge of a

period of uncertainty, where the data are very scanty.

task would become almost hopeless, were

Principal infor-

it

our

China preserve a general outline of the history of

the wanderings of the

of

nomad

western borders of China, during the second and

identify the

names of kings and of places

Chinese with those which

it is

fact,

Bactria and India in the account which they give

mation from

To

In

not that the annals of

we

nations on the

first

centuries B.C.

by the

as recorded

find on the coins is

no easy task but

a task which has been attempted, and with some measure of

success in the opinion of those best qualified to judge.

The most recent authority who has examined the Chinese evidence
as to the migrations of the Tueh-chi, M. E. Specht +
Chiaese account
thus sums

201 and 165

b.c.

it

up

The Yueh-chi were conquered

by the Huns, and

fled

in

westward, subjugating the

Ta-hia of Bactria, and fixing their seat to the north of the

Oxus
* See bolow,

p. Iviii

f Journal Asiatique, 8th

Ser., vol.

ii.

p.

348.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

where a Chinese ambassador found them

in

XXXI

126

e.g.

A hundred

they captured Lan-chi, the capital of the Ta-hia.

later,

Khiu-tsiu-kio [Kadphises

Yueh-chi

tribes,

conquered

of the Arsacidae,* seized

great kingdom.

I.],

After that

ruler of the Kushans, one of the

the other tribes, invaded the

all

visit

years

kingdom

Kabul and Ki-pin [Cophene], and formed a

His son conquered India, and the empire thus

founded lasted from the middle of the

first to

the end of the fourth

century.

Who

the Ta-hia

may be

not clear

is

they have been identified

with the Scythian tribe of the Dahae, but the Chinese description

them

of

" each town was governed by

was weak and feared war,"

would

its

magistrate, the population

not apply to any Scythic race,

but would very well apply to the native Bactrians under Greek

dominion; and the date at which the Greeks were driven across
the Paropamisus, in the reign of Heliocles, would
B.C.

fall

not far from

126.

In the Kabul Valley the Hellenic race held out

until

Kadphises

I.

led the united tribes of Yueh-chi against them,

and, after vanquishing them, ruled the country, at

with the

last king,

The Chinese

for a century later,

Hermaeus, and

first in

conjunction

finally in his place.

give us two dates of the utmost

authorities thus

value for the reconstruction of the history of India and Bactria

the

nomad

tribes

conquered Bactria (Heliocles) about

and India (Hermaeus) about

B.C.

numismatic evidence very well.

to a far earlier

early a

period than

time as 138

120.

historical records, but

timony.
* About

it

is

B.C.

These dates both

125,

suit the

Gen. Cunningham gives Hermaeus

25,

assigning him indeed

But not only does

also in collision with

For Hermaeus was, as

B.C. 31, Phraates,

25.

B.C.

all

to so

this conflict with

numismatic tes-

writers agree, the last of the

with the help of a Scythian army, expelled Tiridates

from the government of Parthia.

XXXU

INTRODUCTION.

We are

Greek kings of Kabul.

Heliocles

and him the reigns of

coins have

come down to

Moreover the forms of

Nicias,

is

all

these reigns into the

an unreasonable proceeding.

on some of the

coins, those of Zoilus,

and Hermaeus, entirely preclude us from assigning them to

so early a period as

The

130,

letters

the twenty Greek kings whose

all

To cramp

us.

space of thirty years, B.C. 160

therefore obliged to place between

B.C.

130

they must be quite a century

authorize the supposition

Chinese writers also

later.

that the

Scythian race which wrought the ruin of the Greeks was that of
the Yueh-chi,

And

who have been

the coins, in this

identified with the Tochari of Strabo.

confirming Chinese testimony, show that

the tribe of Yueh-chi to which Kadphises belonged was the tribe

of Kushan, already mentioned on the last page.

This knowledge

many

points.

We

is

valuable

are

still

but

it

kingdom

on

unaware to what tribes belonged the

barbarous rulers of India in this age

Kadphises.

leaves us in ignorance

who

did not

come

in with

Maues, Azes, and their successors, who established a

in India,

as

we

shall

hereafter see,

before the days of

Hermaeus, do not appear to have been Yueh-chi; and we are quite

in doubt as to the connexions of Gondophares

and other

rulers.

Before proceeding to speak more in detail of the various groups

of kings,

we

will set forth in the

lines of our historical

them

form of a chart the general out-

and geographical knowledge in regard to

CHAET TO SHOW EXTENT OE DOMINIONS AND DATES

OF GEEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS.
Sate.

XXXIV

INTEODTJCTION.

Leaving out of account the predecessors of Heliocles, we know

already of upwards

twenty kings and of two

of

Greek
Successors of

queens wlio ruled in the Kabul Valley and

Heliocles;arrangemeat.

Paniab after about

160, and before the Indo-

B.C.

''

Scythic conquest of those regions.

arrangement of these rulers

and even
is

of impossibility.

The

and indeed

its

The orderly

a matter of the utmost difficulty

is

classification of

based on indications so slight that

ticism

the

it

General Cunningham

cannot

resist serious cri-

depends in a great degree on

validity

his

arrangement of the early kings, which must now be given up in

consequence of the readjustment

Von

Sallet so entirely despairs of

he adopts one which

is

of Pantaleon

merely alphabetical.

attempted in the present catalogue

in

something

like

is

to

All that has been

group the kings roughly

chronological order, keeping similar types of

By means

coin as far as possible together.

can easily be found, and that

It will

and Agathocles.

any reasonable arrangement that

however be well to

of the Index any king

the chief necessity.

is

set forth briefly

what certain data we

possess for the chronological and geographical as-

Chronological

**'*

si^nment of the kings.

We will

begin with the

chronological.

The only one

Date of
Antialeidas

of these later

Attic standard

sor

some

common

who

strikes

Antialcidas,

money on the

who must

therefore

be either a contemporary or an immediate succes-

and Lysias,

strike

kings
is

of

coins in

And

Heliocles.

common

type of Antialcidas

they also
is

as Antialcidas

and Lysias

must be contemporaries.

the pilei of the Dioscuri,

which
seems to connect him with Bucratidesj his portrait also resembles
that of Heliocle^ he would seem therefore not improbably
to be:

long to the Eucratidian dynasty.

The connexion of Lysias

is

obscure.

There are also a few restrikings which help us in

the assign-

mSrOEICAL OUTLINES.

ment of dates

Evidence of
^^"

some of the Greek kings of

to

Heliocles restrikes

and the name and types

some

India.

some of the coins of Strato

of Eucratides are

AntialcidaSjf as well as on

Apollodotus I;J but

XXXV

I,*

stamped on a piece of

coins which I have assigned to

has been doubted whether these coins of

it

Eucratides were really issued during his lifetime.

Any attempt finally

to arrange the

The kings did not

^^ failure.
j^^^.

adopted

indications.

One

nience.

establish this.
is

lists

and legends which they use

of the types
Types and
legends of coins
offer few

kings in dynastic

by means

is

them according
o

to fancy or
./

or two instances will be sufficient to

not resemble Eucratides in his

Yet he does

title {SiKaio'; for fiiya^),

wear the same helmet, nor use the same types.

he does not

In the two

On

respects Demetrius differs from his father Buthydemus.

other handj Diodotus,

who

revolted against Antiochus

These instances are

the types of the Syrian king.

that identity of types between two kings

tion to one another, nor
related.

is

no proof of

is

appears when we compare

same type, Herakles

It

is

can

we draw any

prove

their rela-

conclusions from the

title.
is

that which

the rare coins of Agathocleia, wife of

Buthydemus.
seated,

which

They bear on the reverse the

is

not usual in the Bactrian

almost certain that Agathocleia must have been a

king's daughter and heiress

otherwise, as

we know from

* Strato also restrikes coins of Heliocles.

the

retained

sufficient to

Perhaps the most suggestive approximation of types

Strato, with those of

II.,

last

divergence of types any proof that they

Still less

form of a helmet or the adoption of a

series.

conve-

That Heliocles was son and successor of Eucratides

perhaps the most certain fact in Bactrian history.

were not

destined

inherit these things,

Sallet, p. 298.

X Cunningham,

in

Num.

Chron. 1869,

p.

226.

the coins

XXXVl

INTEODTJCTION.

name would

of Greek kings, her

Buthydemus j Agathocleia may well have been

But

or otherwise related to him.

are

therefore very

is,

We have already seen that king Agathocles was probably son

likely.

of

on "the

scarcely have appeared

That she was descended from Buthydemus

coin.

obviously the greatest risks

his grand-daughter^

in this kind of

and we

will

argument there

attempt

in

it

no

second instance.

A large

from Heliocles to Hermaeus

find of coins of the kings

was discovered some years ago at Sonipatj* and no

Evidence of
onipa
n .

-^^^g

Gen. Cunningham,

^Qg specimens have been weighed by

^j^^^

who has

acutely suggested that the order of the

reigns

may be gathered by

weight

lost in circulation

by

a consideration of the amount of

the coins of different kings,

those

kings whose coins are most worn being naturally supposed to be

the earliest.

The

loss is as follows

Heliocles, 5"43 gr.

Philoxenus,

ApoUodotus, 4-57 gr.

Menander, 3-72 gr.

Strato, 4'56 gr.

Diomedes, 3"39

Antimachus

4'48 gr.

II,,

Antialcidas, 4'10 gr.

Lysias,

In

373

is

This

standard.

Amyntas, 3'30

gr.

gr.

Hermaeus, 3"20

gr.

gr.

assumed that the normal standard for

37 grains, and that all kings minted up to that

this calculation

hemidrachms

3' 77 gr.

is,

it

is

of course, not certain ; nevertheless, the x-esults

of the test so nearly agree with the testimony of style, that

scarcely be

correct

wrong

in regarding the

we can

above order as approximately

only Antialcidas and Lysias should not be placed so late.

Among

all

Menander.

these kings, two only, ApoUodotus

^nown

to

identified

and Menander, are

US from other sources.

Menander

ia

with the Milinda of the Buddhist work

Num.

Chron. 1872,

p.

161.

XXXVU

HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.

" Milinda-prasna,"

records not only that

-whicli

lie

was born

at the

sub-Caucasian Alexandria, but that he was a just and powerful

rdlerj

and a convert

to the

was reported to have crossed the

this does not greatly

Hypanis eastward and

river

penetrated as far as the Isamus, but as

Isamus was,

Strabo* says that he

Buddhist religion.

we

are ignorant where the

add to our knowledge.

records that as a ruler he was noted for justice

died

many

which

is

cities

Pl'utarchf

and that when he

were anxious to possess his ashes

curious tale,

The

considered by Prinsep to indicate a Buddhist source.

extraordinary abundance and wide distribution of his silver coins

well known.
gaza,

many

They were

is

current, with those of ApoUodotus, at Bary-

years after his death,J and are

still

abundantly found

over a wide region, including Kabul, Jalalabad, Peshawar, Mathura,

and Eampur. They are not brought from Kandahar or Seistan.

" From this evidence," says Cunningham, " it is certain that

Menander could not have possessed any part of Arachosia

or

Drangiana, and that his dominions to the west of the Indus must

have been confined to the Kabul Valley and Eastern Afghanistan."

The

coins which bear the

classes

name

of ApoUodotus

into two

fall

these are distinguished in the Catalogue.

ApoUodotus.

The second

class are of later

on them the king usually bears the

Cunningham

says

1|

Panjab and N.-W.

and poorer

style

and

General

of Philopator.

title

that the Philopator coins are found only in the

India, while the others are found over a

much

wider area, including the " Upper Kabul Yalley in the north,

Kandahar and Roh

in the west

and

east,

and Sindh

in the south."

The evidence, on the whole, indicates that there were two kings of
the

name
*

xi.

of ApoUodotus,

of

whom

N/

11. 1.

% Periplus maris Erythraei,

Num. Chron. 1870, p. 221.

the

c.

later,

I>e

Philopator,

Bepul. Ger.,

p. 821.

47, ed. Miiller.

||

Ibid., 187-0, p. 77.

was

INTRODUCTION.

XXXVIU
colleague of

Ms

father, the earlier,

And

with the

some part

his successor in

this probability will

be raised almost to a

we suppose that the restriking

name of Eucratides took place in the

life-time of the latter;

of his dominions.
certainty

and

if

of Apollodotus' coins

since the coins which bear the legend Philopator cannot

be brought

within a considerable distance of the reign of Eucratides.

We

have thus but slight indications, beside those of art and

fabric, to help us in

data

determining the dates of the

Nor have we

kings from Heliocles to Hermaeus.

find-spots,

and monograms.

safer data for their

....
geographical assignment.

The

find-spots of their coins have never been recorded with complete-

And

ness or accuracy.
to contain the

names of

the

monograms which have been supposed

niints

have not been

spite of the diligent efforts of General

satisfactorily read, in

Cunningham, whose want of

success* in the matter seems to prove chat success

at least in the present state of
details of the types

is

not possible,

knowledge on the subject.

And

the

adopted by various kings help us no more in

determining the locality of their rule than in assigning their line

of descent.

We

can,

however, make a few rough divisions

Heliocles and his predecessors minted, as

his successors only
it

we have

of

territory.

seen, in Bactria,

And further,

on the south of the Indian Caucasus.

would seem that the Panjab and the Kabul Valley were frequently

different hands.

be found

in

Hermaeus

On

Thus the

coins of Archebius

Kabul, and not to the east of the Indus

are far

commoner in the same

the other hand, the

coins

district

of kings

in

and Amyntas seem to

;

and those of

than in the Panjab.

Philoxenus, Strato, and

* Gen. Cunningham's readings have not heen accepted by the best numismatists.
Sallet remarks, " Such interpretations and experiments have too weak a basis

Von

to serve for historical investigations."

Hevue Nu'mism., 1867,

p.

403.

See also the remarks of M. Chabouillet in the

XXXIX

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

Hippostratus are ctiefly found to

made

exact statement could only be

A more

east of Jalalabad.

tlie

after

many

on

years' study

the spot.

The recorded

find-spots of coins are

however

sufficient to give

Cunningham

an idea of the extent of the Greek kingdom in India.

states that coins of Apollodotus are

found as

and Sindh, and those of Menander

-as far east as

Jamna.

And

appear to be

there

that a G-reek ruler

Patali-putra

were

far south as

(Oudh and

proofs in Sanskrit literature*

really Hellenized

Patna).

But

Ayodhya and
were

expansions

these

no doubt that the only

is

Kandahar

Mathura on the

(perhaps Menander) besieged

temporary, and there

us

districts

which

were the Kabul Valley and the western

Panjab.

Coins

machus

Massonf

of
II.,

Apollodotus,

Antialcidas,

Menander,

Lysias,

Anti-

Diomedes, Archebius, and Hermaeus, were found by

in the course of a

few years at Beghram

and

since his

time coins of Epander, Dionysius, Zoilus, Amyntas, and other kings

have been found in the same region,

not on the same

if

kings mentioned, and probably others of Greek

race,

site.

must

all

The
have

reigned in the Kabul Valley.

With

we have placed one

the Greek kings

Banjabala.

of Indian name,

Eam'abala,
whose coins resemble those of Strato,
j
>

and show him to have been nearly contemporary

He may have

with that king.

his independence.

His

been a satrap of Strato, who asserted

been found in the eastern

coins have

Panjab and at MathuraJ in company with some of Strato.

* Cunningham, in Num. Chron. 1870,

f See his important

Bengal, 1836, p. 537.
J

Cunningham,

J.

A.

list

S.

p. 224.

of coins found at Beghram, in the Journ. As. Soc.

B. 1854,

p.

691.

In

this paper it is suggested that

be identical with Eajapa'la, a king of the lunar race of Dehli, and

that Zeionises may be Jivana Raja of the same dynasty. The reasons against
these identifications are, however, very strong.

Ranjabala

may

xl

INTEODUCTION.

The barbarous kings who make

tbeir appearance in India after

the destruction of the Greek kingdoms present

SpytMc Kings.

even greater

difficulties

Antiocbus

Difficulties of

rono ogy.

of

arrangement tban do

Between the eastern expedition of

the Greek kings themselres.

III.j in B.C.

208^ and tbe era of Kanerkes,

wbich may be taken as fixed* to

absolutely fixed point,

A.d. 78,

there

is

no

and we are reduced to arguments of mere

probability.

Of

the coins of the barbarous rulers, those of

all

Yon

the earliest in style.

Sallet

Maues

are

remarks that the

Maues.

copper coins of this king are like those of Demetrius

and Apollodotus, and belong to a period not much

In the forms of Greek

of those kings.
art, his coins

King Maues

century

B.C.

and

at a later date

N.W.

style of

And

it

is

an

Nicias.

It is impossible to

than the middle of the

interesting

fact,

vouched

Cunningham, that his coins are found in the Panjab

the

later than that

and the

are superior not only to those of Hermaeus, but also

to those of kings such as Zoilus

place

letters,

part of

it,

and not in Afghanistan.

first

for

by

only, especially

We

must suppose

that he ruled over some Scythic invaders,

who had

not through the Kabul Valley, but through

Kashmir or Nepal, while

the country to the west of Peshawar was ruled

Greek

kings.

At

Yarkand

are but

Pass

open

is

all

present

little

the

used, but

Passes
it is

by contemporary

between

Kashmir and

stated that the

Karakoram

the year round; and the. trade between India

and Yarkand by that route has of

And we know

entered India

that in old times

peopled than at present.

late years greatly increased.

Kashgar was far more thickly

It is also a

matter of history that Nepal

has more than once been invaded by Chinese armies.

It

would

appear likely that at the time of the conquest of Bactria by the

* See below,

p.

li.

'

xU

HISTOUICAL OUTLINES.
Yueh-clii,

some

130,

B.C.

which something has been said already, about

as to

tribe of that

race or some other Scythic horde

passed southward through Kashmir or Nepal; and after imbibing

something of G-reek

civilization,

and learning the G-reek language,

succeeded during the decline of the Greek power after Menander

in establishing a

was the

kingdom

Maues

to the east of the Indus, of which

first ruler.

Azes was, according

Von

to general consent, the successor of

Sallet suggests that he

Maues.

was his son, and reads

Azes, Azilises.

on

YMAVQ,

of Azes,

coins

which may stand for

with

vcb<s

Mavov.

legend

the

hesitation,

Azes was certainly

of later date than Maues, as the forms of his inscriptions and the art
of his coins testify.

Jalalabad ;

it is

His money also

is

not found to the west of

therefore likely that he did not greatly extend the

dominions of Maues, though the extraordinary number of his coins

testifies

to

his

wealth and power.

Azes

strikes in conjunction

with Aspavarma, Azilises, Vonones, and Spalirises, and Vonones

in conjunction

This shows

with Spalahores and Spalagadamea.

whom

that Azes, Azilises, Vonones, and the Spalirises group, of

we

speak presently,

shall

single group of kings.

all

belong

one

to

But Vonones and

and

time

to

Spalirises seem,

from

the find-spots of their coins, certainly to have reigned in Kabul

they

may have

they coexisted

ruled there and been tributary to Azes

with

the

latest

but

how

Greek kings and the invaders

from Bactria, the kings of the Kadphises line,

we

are unable to

determine.

Of the

relations

Vonones,

group the legends

Spalirises,
&(..

1.

Baa-iXim

between themselves of the kings composing

in

of. their coins

this

enable us to judge

some measure :

fiaaiXecov fLeyaXov "A^ou

Strategos Aspavarma.

name and

titles

of the

INTRODUCTION.

xlii

2.

Baa-tKia^ ^a^iKeav fieyaXov ''A^ov=Baa-iKeQ)i ^aaCKecov

fi.er^d-

\ov 'A^iKicrov.*
3. BaaCKe(o<i

^aaiXewv fieyoKov Ova)VOV= Baa-tXAa^ dSiX<f>ov BiKaiov

'

S'n'dXaopov.
4. Bacri\eco<! ^aaiXetov fieyaXov

'Ov(opov=S'7ra\a6pov vlov StKaiov

^n-akayoBdfiov.
6.

= JBacn\ia}<; fieydXov

Baa-tXiw; /SacriKiwv fieyaXov ^traXipiaov

^waXipiaov.
6. BacriXim'i

/xeydXov S'TraXipiaov^BacriXeeov fieydXov ''A^ov.f

Ba(TiKeoi(;

7.

dSeX^ov Sirdktpicrov

dSeX^ov Sixaiov

Baa-iXio)';

STraXcplaov.
8.

liTTaXvptoii

SiraXaopov vlov

coin, said to

be in Gen. Cun-

BiKULOV dBeX<f>ov tov ySatrtXeco?

SiKuiov SirdXar/aSdfiov.
9.

Vonones and Azes (undescribed

ningham's possession).

The evidence
decisive as

it

ously construed.
set

assume the

Spalirises),

afforded

might at

by these legends

first

rate, t

King

Spalirises

his son
is

Four kings

of Kings (Azes, Azilises,

but they do not do so in succession

does not appear.

valuabloj but not

Some points, however, are clear.

title

to share the title in a friendly

any

is

so

sight appear, and capable of being vari-

way with

of the

Vonones

and

Azes seems content

Azilises

and

Spalirises, at

was brother of a king, but of which king

Spalahores

Spalagadames strike

is also

brother of a king, and he and

with Vonones.

in conjunction

Spalyris

another brother, and at one time Spalagadames strikes in conjunc-

tion with him.

antiquity, except

* These

As

close alliances of this

kind scarcely occurred in

between members of one family, we

reverse titles arc really written in Indian.

may

regard

I give, for convenience

it

the

Greek equivalents.

This

is

sufficient proof that the

assumption of the

'Maharaja adhiraja', does not imply a claim

to general

title

Bao-iXcis ^airiKimv

supremacy.

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.
as probable, if not

certaiiij

related one to the other.

Vonones,

that

and Spalagadames

from before the middle

likely that Azilises,

is

sons of Azes,

all

Aspavarma was a mere general

as his

The kingdom of Maues

descent.

it

and Spalyris were

his grandson.

Azes perhaps,

or satrap of

the kings of the group were

all

In that case

Spalirises, Spalahores,

xliii

name seems

lasted in the

to show, of

Hindu

hands of these rulers

of the first century B.C. at least until a.d.

or 30, spreading with time over a larger and larger area.

It

20

must

have been put down by the growing power of the kings of the

Kushan

tribe,

We have

perhaps by Kadphises

who do not appear

Kings with
Parthian names.

The only

tie

^^^.^^^

name and

and

in

is

the Parthian character

It

Pacores and
is

Arsaces, for

Some both

instance,

are

to be observed that under Mithradates

his warlike successors the Parthians

into Bactria,

connected with

most cases of their coin-types.

portrait,

thoroughly Parthian.

and

to have been

dynasty of Kadphises or that of Azes.

^-^^

which connects them together

of their names,

in

II.

coins of several other kings in India of the same period,

had extended

their empire

Some scions
noblemen, may have

and driven back the invading Scythians.

of the royal Arsacid stock, or mere Parthian

.

gained a footing in India and maintained themselves in opposition

to the Scythic kings.

'

The most important king

'"^t^

Gondophares

and Abdagases.

whom

is

Gondophares,

who on

his coins calls

of the Parthian class

goes Abdagases,

himself the nephew of Gondophares.

The names

of these rulers fortunately occur in the legends dating from the third

century

a.d.,

which record the

* Cnnningham,

Mus. 1864,

visit of

S.

Thomas

to India, * con-

in Journ. As. Soc. Bengal, vol. xxiii. Of. also Gutschmid, Rfiein.

p. 161,

and von

Sallet in ^eitschr. f.

Num., 1880,

p. 296.

shows that Gaspard, one of the three kings of the Christian legend,
Gondophares.

Gutschmid

is identical

with

INTKODUGTION.

xliv

taining indeed mucli that

Thomas

S.

is

is

untrustworthy, but also a basis of fact.

represented as converting Gundaphorus, his brother

Gad, possibly the Orthagnes mentioned below, and his

Labdanes, which'

Where these rulers

lived

is

not very clear.

them

furnish some ground for assigning

that

is,

the

century

first

The legend, however, may

to the period of S.

Christian legend should be the inscription at Takht-i-Bahi,

be read with certainty.

Thomas,

More trustworthy than an

a.d.

son

to be a corruption of Abdagases.

name seems

last

sister's

if it

early

could

Dowson renders thus * "In the

Professor

26th year of the great king Gondophares, on the third day of the

month Vaisakha,
tunately, doubt

hundred of the Samvatsara."

(year) one

hangs

alike over the reading of

name and

Unfor-

date, nor

can the era be identified, for Samvatsara means merely era.

that

we can be

sure of

the hundredth year of the Saka era,

successors (see p.

li)

All

Gondophares did not reign in

that

is

by which Kanerkes and

his

date their inscriptions ; for the style of his

coins forbids us to place

them

the king be rightly read

as late as a.d. 178.

it will

If the

name

of

prove that Gondophares reigned

in the neighbourhood of Peshawar ; but even this

is

not certain.

A silver coin of Gondophares discovered by v. Sallet, and figured in

our plate xxxiii. 2,

may

perhaps give us a clue to his date.

It is of

the types of Arsacid silver coins, and especially reminds us of a coin of

Mithradates II.

(b.c.

90 or 80), which has similar types on both sidesf

on one the head of the king j on the other the king seated, holding

an

eagle,

crowned by a

City,

who

stands behind him.

And

this last,

mentioned type seems not to recur in the Arsacid coinage, so that

would seem

likely that

age of Mithradates.

Gondophares actually copied

it

from the coin-

In the inscription of Gondophares' coin

the epithet avTOKpartop,

which

is

it

we find

found on the money of only two

* Journ. S. As. Soc,

t Gardner, Parthian

1875, p. 379.

Coinage,

pi.

ii,

19.

HISTOEICAL OUTLINES.

Arsacid kings

SinatroceSj

B.C.

'

76 to 69, and Phraatea IV., a.d. 8

xlv
11.

This particular coin of GondopLares then would seem to have been

struck not later than the middle of the

mentioned would

first

suit the other coins of

century a.d.

Gondophares.

That Orthagnes was a brother of Gondophares

Orthaenes
Arsaoes,

The period

rests

on a reading

^ ^^^ coins proposed by Gen. Cunningham.

...

position has nothing improbable in

Zexonises.

Victory which appears on his corns

on those of Gondophares and Abdagases.

If

it

it

The sup-

the type of

bemg also found

be well founded,

it

will clearly prove the PartMan origin of the dynasty of Gondophares,

Orthagnes connecting him with other Indian kings

such as Pacores,* Arsaces 0e6^ and Arsaces

of Parthian type

All these rulers

8iiiato<i.

must have been contemporary with the great time of the Parthian
empire.

To the same period

his coins calls himself

With

will

be assigned

by the modest

title of

also Zeionises,

who on

Satrap.

regard to the seat of the power of these Indo-Parthian

Dominions
of these kings.

kings

we have

little

Masson, and his small rude

The

information.

Gondophares were found in plenty

silver coins in

at

coins of

Beghram by

the Panjab; while those of

Orthagnes are said by Gen. Cunningham to come from Seistan and

Kandahar, and those of Abdagases (with legend Sasasa) from

Western Panjab.

These facts seem to point to an extensive

dominion, and confirm the testimony of the anonymous Egyptian

merchant,t who informs

us' of

the existence of a Parthian realm in

the neighbourhood of the mouth of the Indus, in the reign of

Vespasian.

The

silver coins of SanabareSj of

which there

is

a specimen in the

* Not Pacorus. Almost all the names of the kings of this class end in es ; I
have therefore kept that ending in doubtful oases, such as Maues and Spalirises.
Periplus maris Bryth., c. 38.. Cf. Mommsen, Mm. GescMchte, vol. v.,

p. 352.

INTEODUCTION.

Xlvi

British

Museum

have been given by

(pi. xxiii. 10),

Sanabares.
V. Sallet to

compared

about the year a.d. 80, and have been

But the

Vologeses III* of that period.

though

money

contemporary with

as

resembles that of Vologeses,

it

Mithradates

II.,

is

king

portrait of Sanabares,
still

more

like that of

the helmet having cheek-pieces like the helmet

of the latter monarch, while the style of

to anything

Arsacid

the

of

known

in Parthia

in

work

is

very superior

the days of Vologeses.

Mr.

Thomas had read on the Museum specimen the date TIT, which he
and

interpreted as implying the 313th year of the Seleucid,

the Christian era.

be

insisted on.

place

But

But
if

this reading is
is

it

given

first

of

now disputed,t and cannot

up we should be

Sanabares at about the beginning

of-

still

inclined to

the Christian era.

Sanabares does not use Indian characters in his legends, but either

Greek or Pehlvi, and four of the

Museum came from

Persia.

five coins of his in

the British

It is therefore likely that this

king

ruled exclusively or principally to the north of the Indian Caucasus.

On

Epigraphy

oUhese kings.

Series the square

q^

^^^^

d and L come

^j^^ ^^-^^^^

take the place of il until 8 a.d.

facts that

and

we

referring to the coins of the Arsacidae,

Maues uses round

^^^^^

letters only ;

their contemporaries, use the square

b.c.

square UJ % does not

50 to

Azes, Azilises, Spaliriaes

with 12

We

a.d. 50.

* Zdtschrift f. Nvm., 1879, p. 356. The text reads

the erroneous numbering of Prokesch-Osten.
f On other specimens the letters take the form

reigned earlier than 8 a.d.

rounder, and of earlier type.

is

Gondophares

have thus a series of

The date

'

Vologeses

THT &c.

meaning.
J In the text this form

find that in that

some twenty years

It is quite in keeping with these

and Abdagases use the forms a and HI

kings covering the period

^-^^

in

I.'

Mowing

They may have no

used in the legend of King Nioias,

But on the

of Pacores

who

certainly

actual coins of that king the letter is

HISTOKICAL OUTLINES.

and Arsaces
is,

is

not easy to

fix,

but must

xlvii

during this period.

fall

It

however, noteworthy, as von Sallet points out, that the coin of

Arsaces ^eo? bears precisely the same types as one of Maues.

The nameless king, who

decide his

and

Some

affinities.

style closely like those of

merely Soter Megas,

us no clue

naturally gives

The nameless

himself

calls

Abdagases

in

inscription to

his

of his coins are in type

and

as he also

makes use

of the form HI, he must be of about the same period as that king,

His coins are found in great numbers in the Kabul

30-50.

A.D.

He may

Valley.

possibly have been a

member

of the Kadphises

dynasty.

After the kings of Parthian character

others whose types

Heraas and the

Sakas.

we must mention some

not dissimilar, yet

Among

appear to be of Scythian race.

most important

some

are

is

Heraiis,

whose remarkable coin

light over the history of

(pi.

xxiv. 7) throws

troubled time.

this

who

these the'

Of

late the-

reading of the legend TvpavvovvTo<s 'Hpdov SaKUKOipdvov has been

disputed, but without solid reason, except as regards the last word.

may with equal exactness and

but even if we do thus read it, the
This

which

probability be read Koppdvov^

presence of the TvpavvovvTO'}

quite undisputed, proves that unusual

is

Greek words may

be-

expected at this time, and suggests that Koppdvov jn&j be a corruption of Koipdvov.

Thomas

instead of

HPAOY

The reading

is

allowed by Mr.

but he now disputes the important word Saka, reading;

it

the unintelligible words

ZAN

But we must,

AB.*

point out that on the Brit. Mus. coin the third letter of the word

is-

not formed like the N's, of which there are four in the inscription, but
like a retrograde

M, which

ordinary shape of

A similar coin
KQ r r AI/ID Y*

:.

is

on

late

see pis. xxv,

in the possession of

Parthian and Bactrian coins an.

vi.

'passim.

Thus there seems

M. Tigsenhausen seems

to read

See Thomas, B. A. S. Journal, 1883, p. 75.

to.

ZAM AB-

INTRODUCTION.-

xlviii

be at present no

sufficient

reason for doubting

tliat

Heraiis calls

and we thus gain a confirmation of the

himself a Saka king ;

statement of ancient historians, that that race was prominent in the

conquest of India from the Greeks.

But

Heraiis probably ruled,

like other kings of the class, to the north of the Caucasus.

Similar in type of head to Heraiis

Hyrcodes and
others.

culated in Bactria.

Wilson

At page 119

Kerman.

coins of the

kings

Hyrcodes, one of whose ordinary

is

coins of the early Antiochi of

states that

the Bactrian side of the Caucasus

to

is

tjpeSj that of the half-horse,

same

class

most of

taken from

silver

which

Syria,

cir-

come from

his coins

Mr. Thomas,* that they belong

of the Catalogue will be found a few

which seem to bear the names of other

but these legends may be mere blundered attempts to

produce some more intelligible name.

we have

Finally,
Kadpiiises

and

I.

successors.

Hermaeus.

We

to

speak of a well-defined gl-oup of kings which

takes

its rise

with that

Kozulo Kadphises who

appears on coins as colleague and

His date must be the

last quarter of

the

successor of

first

century

B.C.

know to what branch of the widely extended race of

or nomads, Maues and his successors belonged.
But we have

do not

Sakas,

reason to think that the group at present discussed were kings of

the Yueh-chi,

who

and that they belonged

We
B.C. 25,

by Cunningham with the Tochari

the Kushan branch of that tribe.

are identified
to

have already seen how Kadphises led the Yueh-chi, about

southward across the Paropamisus and conquered Hermaeus

whom he

Under

reduced to a state of vassalage.

dominions of the Yueh-chi went on increasing.

succeeded by the king

On

who

a coin probably similar to our

me

Probably he was

bears the very similar

to be sure of the reading.

p. 10).

name

of Kozola

Mr. Thomas reads Guath in

Our coin is not sufiSoiently com-

pi. xxiv. 13,

Pehlvi characters (Sassanian Inscriptions,

plete for

his successors the

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

Kadaphes, who on

The

his

money

portrait of this ruler

himself the ruler of the Kushans.

on the coins bears so strong a resemblance

to that of

Kadaphes,

calls

xllX

Augustus that

it

seems

all

but certain that

he must have reigned at the veiy beginning of the

Christian era.

and

bable,

second,

That he succeeded the

is

it

who on

Kadphises

is

very pro-

by the
Ooemo Kadphises, and whose

his coins calls himself

down

reign brings us

first

equally probable that he was succeeded

to the accession of Kanerkes in a.d. 78.

We

thus have a succession of princes of the same or nearly the same

name extending over 100

years,

and

it

hard

is

do not represent a dynasty which reigned

to believe that they

Kabul Valley,

in the

We have on a copper-plate from Manikyala (Taxila) a record, wherein

a satrap called Liako Kusuluko dates from the 78th

Inscription

rom

axi a.

^^^^^ of

the great king Moga.

that the satrap in question

still

may

seems not unlikely

may be Kozola Kadaphes, and perhaps

more probable that the great king Moga

who probably

It

is

Maues.

Kadaphes,

reigned at the very beginning of the Christian era,

well be placed seventy-eight years later than the accession of

Maues, which must be placed not so

century

b.c.

But of course

have himself reigned seventy-eight

middle of the

late as the

first

but impossible that Maues can

it is all

The

j'ears.

reference must be

not to the year of his reign, but to an era established by him.

The evidence derived from the

to

Spread of
India.

style

and epigraphy of coins ^eems

show that Kadphises

I.

When

a part of N.-W. India.

as an invader from the north, he found

Kabul Valley, and reduced him

and Kadaphes ruled but

Kadphises came in

Hermaeus

to a state of

ruling in the

At

dependence.

the

same time Azes was probably ruler of thePanjab; and perhaps some
of the later Greek rulers, such as Hippostratus,

the lower Indus.

but

Kadphises

When Hermaeus
occupied

his

still

held rule on

died no Greek succeeded him,

place.

Kadaphes, or the nameless

INTRODUCTION.

king, must have succeeded Kadphises

their contemporaries

must

That the coins of

have been Azilises, Spalirises and Gondophares.

Gondophares and of the nameless king are alike

They become
dominant unaer
Kadphises II.

found in abundance at Beghram, while those of

Kadaphes are not abundant, seems to show that the

Yueh-chi did not rapidly extend their dominion in India, but met

Only on

at first with formidable rivals in the descendants of Azes.

the accession of the second Kadphises did the power of the invaders

become altogether predominant.

his

successors

Parthians,

it

was supreme

and the race

of

under him and

It appears that

in all

Azes

N.-W. India

and Greeks,

from history as

alike disappear

reflected in the coins.

Kadphises

II.,

Ooemo Kadphises, was

a wealthy monarch, and the

....

founder of a powerful line of Scythic

Successors of

Xadphiseg

II.,

whom
^^^^

audHooerkes

^^

kinffs, as to

some information.

inscriptions give us

about the middle of the

century

first

His
a.d.

His successors are the kings called on their coins

Kanerkes and Hooerkea, and

in the records

Kanishka and Huvishka.

Their rule comprised the whole of N.- W. India and the Kabul Valley.

The date of these kings was a matter

brilliant conjecture

The!r date

origin

of uncertainty until the

of Mr.

Fergusson* as

and use of the Saka era

Mr. Fergusson's theory

is

to the

settled the matter.

accepted by most Sanskrit scholars, and

the numismatic evidence in

its

favour

is

so overwhelming, that the

numismatist cannot hesitate to join them ; in

fact, v. Sallet

had before

the publication of Mr. Fergusson's paper assigned Kanerkes to the

same period

into

which he

falls

on the theory proposed in that paper,

and that on numismatic evidence only.

Saka era
*

On

Miiller,

starts

from the date not

The new theory

is

that the

of the destruction of the Sakas,

the SaTca, Samvat and Gupta Eras, J. R. A.

India^-What can it teach us 1 p. 291.. "

S. 1880,

p.

259.

Cf.

Max

HISTORICAL OUTLINES.

but of the

of their empire in India under Kanerkes. *

esfcablisliraeufc

The dates

It is fixed to A.D. 78.

to

il

at

Mathura and elsewhere are

be as follows (Thomas Ancient Indian Weights,

:

p. 10)

p. 46,

said

and Jainism,

:_
King.

Saka Year.

Ykjie A.D.

Kanerkes,

9,11,18,28

87106.

Hooerkes,

33, 39, 47,48, 51

111129.

44, 83, 87, 98

122176.

Vasu Dara,

The evidence

In a

assignment of dates.

of finds confirms this

tope at Ahin Posh near Jalalabad, Mr. Simpson found together the
following gold coins

10 coins of Kanerkes,
1

The
A.D.

6 of Kadphises,

of Domitian,
reigns

of

of Trajan,

the

Roman

Hooerkes.

of

of Sabina.

imperial persoas

cover

the period

81-136; and this proves that the deposit cannot have been

buried until about a.d. 130,f probably in the reign of Hooerkes.

It is true that in the

of Kanerkes

Manikyala tope there were found with coins

some worn consular

denarii which belong to, the period

more than probable that these

before Augustus,}:

but

were not buried

a long time after their issue.

It

till

it

is

coins

seems to be universally allowed that the Kanerkes and Hooerkes

of the coins are the

Kanishkaand Havishka of "inscriptions, and

that

these were successive kings of the Kabul Valley and the Panjab.

But the Vasu Deva

Vasn Deva.

posed to correspond

He

a more mysterious personage.

of the inscriptions,
to the

who

Bazodeo of the

is

sup-

coins, is

overlaps in the dates Huvishka,

* Or, perhaps, Kadphises II. as it is Kadphises who begins the issue of Induand Kanerkes' earliest date is the year 9.
the throne in 128. The coin of her issue, now preserved in
Sabina
came
to
t
the British Museum, is not as stated by previous writers " much worn," but seems
to have greatly suffered, whether in ancient or modern times, by being exposed to
;

Scjthic gold coins

heat.

The

coin of Trajan is worn.

J Jouvn. As. Soc. Bengal,

iii.

Cf. /.

p. 34.

B. A.

Soc. 1880, p. 266.

INTRODUCTION.

Ju

and appears
Indeed,

if

to have reigned for

no

less

a period than fifty-four years.

one inscription be rightly read, he sometimes dates from

year 5 of the era, * which will give to his reign the impossible length
of

94 years.

Prof.

Dowson

therefore suggests that

Vasu Deva may

have been the name given by their Indian subjects to kings of the

Kanerkes dynasty.
the words

In favour of this view

Vasu Deva

it

may be remarked

occur in Sanskrit letters

that

on coins of various

periods and classes; and the supposed Greek equivalent

BAZOAHO

occurs only on Indo-Scythic coins of semi-barbarous fabric.

The

coins of

some of

Vasu Deva

fairly

good

are succeeded

style, others of

Some

bearing intelligible legends.

by a large variety of

copies,

barbarous work, neither class

of these, in copper, were usually

given to an imaginary king Ooer Kenorano, such being their legend.

Von

Sallet has, however, conjectured that as there, are

no gold coins

with the legend Ooer Kenorano, and no copper bearing the legend

Ooerke Korano, the copper coins above mentioned must have been
struck by king Hooerkes.
the discovery in the
to those reading

But

Museum

in the

is

strongly confirmed by

series of coins f in all respects similar

Ooer Kenorano but reading clearly Ooerke Korano.

in fact the difference

cent,

This conjecture

between the two legends

is

almost evanes-

one taking the place of K in the other; however,

in the inscriptions of ^his class these

two

letters are constantly

confounded.

The gold coins which repeat barbarously the legends and types of
Vasu Deva become eventually of thin fabric and cup-like shape, like
some of the issues of Byzantium of the ninth and subsequent centuries.

But they must be

earlier

than that period, and are perhaps

copied from the concave coins of the class struck at Persepolis

during Parthian supremacy.

* Cunningham, Archaeological Beports,

t Pages

156-8.

iii.

30.

Dowson, J.R.A.S.

+ See above,

p. xlvii.

vii. p.

381.

INSCRIPTIONS.

The

wliole class of

liii

Indo-Scythic gold coins appears as a most

remarkable phenomenon amid the coins of India, especially as gold

coins are entirely wanting in the Greek-Indian issues after the time

The

of Eucratides.

line of descent of the

money

not through the gold

new

issued in abundance

of the Christian era

must he traced

of Alexander, which perhaps

still cir-

Roman

aurei which were

by Augustus, and which

at the begiiining

culated in southern Asia, but through the

first

issue

made

their

way

into

India,

where they have

been found in conjunction with coins of Kadphises and Kanerkes,

In weight the ludo-Scythic coins nearly correspond to the Boman.

11. Inscriptions.

The

on the coins contained in

inscriptions

following kinds

Greek language

(1)

this

volume are of the

On

the coins of earlier

in

Greek characters.

kings, from Diodotus to Demetrius, Greek legends

Greek language.

After that time we usually find

only are employed.

Greek on one

side of the coin only.

It

is,

however, quite evident that

the Greek letters and the Greek language were generally understood
in northern India

This

era.

fact,

and

in

clearly

Kabul

as late as the second century of our

established

by the

testimony of coins,

confirms the otherwise not trustworthy testimony of Philostratus,

who
no

represents that Apollouius of Tyana,

diflSculty in

was probably swept away with other

Notable

(2)

visited India,

had

In the Hindu revival under the Guptas the Greek language

Greek.

words

when he

making himself generally understood by speaking

is

the use

by some

like Koipavo^, Tvpavvecov

Indian language
sorts.

traces

and

The

^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^

Greek

culture.

aviKrjTo'i.

in native characters.

anguage.

of

of the later rulers of poetical Greek

These

two

last are of

square letters of the so-called

Indian

^^ Pantaleon and Agathocles only the

;

INTEaDUCTIOK.

liv

more cursive

characters, called Arian Pali, are used

by

all

the other

In the case of the edicts of Asoka,

kings down to the latest times.

the Arian characters are used only in the Kabul Valley, and the

Indian characters elsewhere ; and this fact shows, what

many

other ways,

how

in India centred in the

The language which

is

Kabul Valley.

by the general name

I have called

readings of words in this language

To

is

testimony of the coins;

authoritatively the

me

all cases,

the readings of

to conflict with the clear

in which case (a very rare one) I have

ventured on innovation.

between various

fix

of Indian

impossible except to a Pali

I have therefore given, in nearly

previous writers, unless they seemed to

decide

proved in

completely the Greek and Scythian power

a debased form of Sanskrit or Pali,

scholar.

is

In the cases where

authorities,

it

was necessary

have sometimes had the

advantage of the advice of Mr. Cecil Bendall, who has

allowed

me

to profit

by

his

more have I regarded any

by the

presented

to

kindly

wider knowledge of Sanskrit.

philological

criticism

coin-legends as lying outside

Still

of the forms

my

task.

Such

might well form a supplement to M. Senart's valuable

criticism

papers on the language of the Asoka edicts in vols. xv. and xvi.
of the Journal Asiatique, but in a numismatic

altogether out of place.

And

work

this is clearly a task

it

would be

which could

only be attempted with advantage by a highly-trained Sanskritist.

The system here adopted

the same as

is

used in other

in transliteration of Pali inscriptions is

Museum

Catalogues, and nearly identical

with that used by Prof. M.Williams in his Lexicon and Grammar.

To the
Forms

letters in

of

which these inscriptions are written I have paid

closer attention,

paleography being perhaps more

nearly related to archaeology than to philology.

To

determine their forms requires care and a practised eye rather than
wide linguistic knowledge. I have drawn up a table of Arian Pali

MONOGRAMS.

letters

used on the coins, after careful comparison of the authoritative

tables

drawn up by Gen. Cunningham

the table have been cut upon types

will in future

(see p. Ixx).

All the letters in

so that printing in this alphabet

With

be comparatively easy.

the square or Indian Pali

characters I have not concerned myself, as they occur on so few coins.

(3)

Scythic language in Greek characters.

tions

Scythic

language.

and more

on coins of the

kings of the Kanerkes

p^O^ NANO, KOZOVAO, KOPANO,

^^.^^p^ ^^^.^ ^^

names of

especially the

late

These are the inscrip-

deities

on the reverses.

These

words, so far as at present identified, are of non-Scythic origin,

borrowed from the languages

India, Persia,

of

and Greece, and

only bearing the Scythian stamp in their termination o, and in

modifications of the forms of words.
Lists of Greek, Scythic and Indian words will be found in the

Index of Inscriptions; and renderings of the last-mentioned in the

table at p. Ixxii.

III.

In the

field of

coins of

monograms and detached

of the Arian Pali class.

MONOGKAMS.

all

periods

letters,

a prodigious

is

number of

sometimes Greek and sometimes

If these could be read

and interpreted,

there can be no doubt that they would afford us most valuable

information.

But they present the

greatest difficulties.

Gen. Cunningham has well remarked, in regard to some of the

Greek monograms, that

Difficulties

of interpretation.

their constant recurrence

(jQring successive reigns proves that they cannot

denote monetary magistrates, but must stand for mints.

reason in this

but when the

writer goes

further,

and

There
tries

is

to

identify the various mints which they respectively represent, we,

like

most students of these coins both

unable to follow him.

in

England and abroad, are

While therefore we must acknowledge the

INTRODUCTION,

Ivi

many

possibility that

names

we must

of mints,

monograms may stand

of the Greek

seem any probability that we

advance further, until the find-

shall

spots of Bactrian and Indian coins are far

alphabet do not recur in the same

more ; and

it

way

for the

of the issue, or

as the Greek, but vary far

names

of magistrates,

been done in

it

this

superfluous to record

Catalogue

but

is

for

some other

Perhaps, in these

may seem

it

the date or

for

tbey may have been used

purpose which has not yet been guessed.

circumstances,

letters of the Pali

does not seem probable that they stand for mints.

They may stand

number

more exactly recorded than

The monograms and

they have hitherto been.

Nor

stop short at that point.

for tho

does there

them, as has

impossible to be sure that

valuable information will not some day be extracted from them.

IV. Types.

The

types which appear on the coins described in the present

volume are most interesting from tbe point of view of art and
mythology; but
but

little

futility

it

historical

to be regretted that they furnish ns with

is

information.

We

have already noted

the

of trj'ing to determine the genealogy or the dominions

of the Greek kings by

same holds

Scythic race.

of which

means of the types of

true, in scarcely less degree, in

we

It

is

their coins ;

and the

regard to the kings of

a remarkable fact that throughout the period

treat there

seem

to

have been in N.-W. India

artists

capable of designing original types for coins, so that the necessity

for a slavish copying of foreign coins,
to the historian, does not

which gives valuable material

seem to have

ai-isen.

In the types used by Greek kings we find great variety, and they
Types of
ree

ngs.

open to us quite a new chapter of

Greek

art,

aS'ording fresh proof of the remarkable originality

TYPES.
of the artists of the Hellenistic age.

note two points

The

(1)

down

(v. 7),

are

In regard to their

The extraordinary realism

portraits of Demetrius (pi.

Eucratides

Ivii

among

to us from antiquity,

9), of

ii.

style,

we may

of their portraiture.

Antimachus

(v. 1),

and

and the

them

effect of

of

come

the most remarisable which have

heightened in

is

each case by the introduction of a peculiar and strongly-characteristic head-dress,

detail.

(2)

which

is

rendered with scrupulous exactness of

The decidedly Praxitelean character

figures of deities

Zeus

The

on the reverses.

of the full-length

figures of Herakles (pi.

3), of

ix.

10), are all in their attitudes characteristic of

Praxiteles.

more

(iv. 4, vii. 2),

The types

distinctive

of

Greek

on coins of Demetrius, Artemis

(iv. 4)

9,

deities

the school of

which we find are sometimes

than the style in which they are rendered.

coins of Agathocles

ii.

of Poseidon (v. 1), of Apollo (v. 4,

iii.

is

sometimes radiate

Zeus bears in

his

(pi.

iii.

Thus,
1),

on

hand the three-headed

Hekate, Herakles crowns himself with a wreath, Pallas appears in

short skirts,

and many other such strange forms of Greek

deities

appear.

To

search out the reasons of these variations of type, reasons to

be found probably in many instances in the influence of

local Indian

or Persian legend or belief, would be a very attractive task, and not

hopeless, considering the data furnished us

gold

Indo-Scythic

coins, as

by the legends

which we

to

shall

of the

presently have

to speak.

The

earliest of the clearly

Semi-Hellenic
types.

Indian types to make

(iv.

9).

on the money of Pantaleon

As we come

Hellenic types, or types in which there

gradually
(xiii.

9)

make

appearance

is

a dancing-girl, wearing long hanging earrings and

oriental trousers,

and Agathocles

its

their

and Telephus

way on
(xxxii. 7)

the coins.

we

is

to

(iii.

9)

a later period, non-

a non-Hellenic element,

On

coins of Philoxenus

find a radiate figure of a sun-god

INTRODUCTION.

Iviii

On

standing, holding a long sceptre.

and Hermaeus
capj

whence

Maues

(xv. 8)

(xvi. 3) J

But when we reach the issues

issue rays.

we

barbaro- Hellenic

figures

(xvi. 4)

more outlandish

figure of Azes'

a radiate Artemis, with veil flying round her

the type

is

still

who

a draped goddess, bearing a crescent on her head,

and standing between two

stars

(xvi. 9),

and several

others.

Still

where a seated Zeus grasps

extended hand, not, as usual, a Victory

(vii. 5),

Tyche

resembling

figure

holding in one hand a patera, in the other a wheel,

coins (xviii. 10, 11)

original

King

of

most remarkable and

find a wealth of

seems to be the original of the

head

(xiv. 11)

we find the head of a deity wearing Phrygian

(pis. xvi., xvii.),

original

Amyntas

those of

(vii.

9)

more

in his

or a thunderbolt

but a being who seems an impersonation of the thunderbolt,

and stands

in the midst of it

as well as the type (xvii. 2)

where a
nymph, perhaps a Maenad, stands grasping two stems of vine.
Maues' successors, Azes and Azilises, use types of the same class.

A careful consideration of
means or other Maues and

who had been

Greek

instructed

traditions.

relics of

In

these facts will convince us that

by some

his race secured the services of artists

by Greeks, but were not

fact, in

these coins

an interesting school of

we have

art, -one

of

restricted

by

the sole remaining

many which

existed in

and which have passed away almost

without leaving any memorial. It would further seem that kings,
Asia in the

who were

first

century

B.C.,

the patrons of art, and understood the Greek language,

must have been considerably softened and refined by contact with

civilized neighbours.

The
Hinda

first

of Indian deities to claim a place on the

coins

^^
types.

^^^"^^ * "^^^^ ^'^ appearance

Gondophares
fessed that this figure

may

(pl.xxii. 8, 9),

though

is

Siva

on the coins of

must be conwith equal plausibility be called a

it

Poseidon, for the cha,racteristic marks of Siva are

absent.

But on

TYPES.

coins of

Kadptises

sufficiently

and

II.

the buU^ which appears beside the deity,

proves him to be Siya

his successor

lix

and on the money

Kanerkes

of

he appears in more and more native form, four-

armed, and bearing the numerous symbols associated with him in

local belief.

It is

probable that the goddess

who appears on

the

coins of

Azes as standing on a

is either

Parvati, the dread wife of Siva, or Lakshmi, the goddess of

lotus,

and holding a flower

fortune the supposed lion, which seems on the coin to

:

elbow,

may be

on the coins

after all only a

of Pantaleon

lump

lie

(xix. 5),

under her left

These, and the dancer

of oxide.

and Agathocles, are the only

strictly

Hindu

types to be found on coins before the time of the great Yueh-chi

dynasty,

when

other deities come in, as will be seen by the

list

given

below.
,

To speak

of Parthian types on coins at

may seem

all

a misnomer,

since there are no original

Parthian types in ex"

Parthian types.

istence, if

we

except representations of the king

himself: in these matters the Parbhians were imitators of the Greeks.

But there are, notwithstanding,

style of art,

certain types of deities,

and a certain

which we learn to associate with the coins of Parthia;

and when we can trace these on coins issued

arises that the

king who issued them was

in India, a

presumption

of Parthian stock.

For

example, the portraits of Parthian kings, bearded, and wearing the

diadema, have quite a distinct aspect ; and we find this aspect in the
portraits of Grondophares, Pacores, Orthagnes,

and Sanabares.

The

type which represents a City crowning the king, which occurs on the

money

of Phraates IV. and subsequent kings of Parthia,

Zeionises

(pi.

Parthian coins,

xxiii.
is

4)

and Nike, who

is

quite a feature also on our pi.

coins of the kings of this group.

is

used by

continually present on
xxiii.,

which contains

Indeed, some of their coins, such

as xxiii, 10 and 11, are altogether of Parthian type.

In view of their types, the gold coins of the conquering Tueh-chi

INTRODUCTION.

Ix

The obverse

kings are of surpassing interest.

^T

pre-

sents us with a figure of the king clad in helmet and

"

"h ^h'

armour, which are closely like those borne by the

first

The reverses are extremely

Arsaces of Parthia on his coins.

variedj and present us with a multitude of types borrowed from

several different mythologies.

their interpretation

would have

Had

these coins been, anepigraphous,

but fortunately

baffled all ingenuity;

the names of the various deities represented are written beside

in

them

Greek characters, only somewhat disguised by being crushed into

On

Scythian forms.
published,

Though

these types two important papers have been

one by Mr. Thomas* and

by Dr. Hoffmann.f

one

the present writer does not pretend to the linguistic

know-

ledge of either of these scholars, he ventures to discuss their results

from the numismatic point of

view and

that

of

comparative

archaeology.

On

these gold coins the following types appear:

Geeek and Semi-Geeek

{a.)

Inscriptions.

Deities.

Types.

HAIOC

Eadiate sun-god, holds sceptre.

CAAHNH

Male moon-deity, holds

NANAIA

Female deity holding

sceptre.

sceptre,

which ends in the

fore-part of a horse.

These types occur in the series of coins issued by

king Kanerkes with Greek legends only. The names
of the

deities

are given in Greek,

not Scythic.

Nevertheless, in the types there are clear signs of

barbarism.

The

figure of ^elios is identical with

that on bilingual coins inscribed with the

* Jainism, or the Early Faith of AsoTca

t Ahhandlungen f.

d.

Zunde

J.

S. A.

des Morgenlandes, vol.

name

of

S. 1877.

vii.

(1881), no. 3, p.

139 sqq.

'

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixi

Types.

Micro, and

Nanaia with that on the

figure of

tlie

NANA

coins inscribed

while the type of

borrowed from the coins inscribed

is

male instead of female.

Salene

'

MAO, and

is

Nanaia, though a deity of

Persian origin,* was clearly regarded by the diecutter as Greek, perhaps as identical with Artemis,

but there

is

much

Female deity

NANA,

NANA PAO

is

oriental in her figure.

holdin'g sceptre, as above

over her

forehead, crescent.

The PAO

[OAIIO]

that

evidently only a

is

NANO

of course indicates a lunar deity.

and

OKPO

combined on a coin published by Prokesch-

are

Arch. Zeit. 1849,

Osten.

pi. x. 8.

HPAKIAO

Herakles ; holds club and apple.

HPo

Artemis clad

The type
zling.

is

in

long chiton; holds

Mr. Thomas reads

that the

bow and arrow.

unmistakeable, but the legend

it

word MEIPO

is

puz-

ZPO 'Ceres' (?),but that

brings us no nearer to Artemis.

we

The crescent

suflax.

I venture to suggest

(see p. Ixiii) is intended, for

find in other instances that inappropriate legend

sometimes accompanying types which were, as we

may

PAO PHoPO

conjecture, unintelligible to the die-cutter.

War-god, standing; holds spear and

shield.

The word PAO, evidently meaning king

may

be detached from the legend.

PHOPO,

cannot be with certainty explained, but

seems most likely that

Greek

APHZ, and

the Greek war-god.

or royal,

The remainder,

it is

it

a mere twisting of the

that the intention

The type

long dissertation on her by Hoffmann,

suits

1.

is

to portray

Ares perfectly.

c, p. 130.

INTRODUCTION.

Ixii

lypes.

Inscriptions.

PIOM

Pallas, or

Mr. Thomas

reads

PCJM,

or even

holds spear and shield.

Roma;

PIAH, 'Rhea'

am

Roma

city,

being usual in contemporary

Qjpoisi

rCJPOH?!

can scarcely be

dis-

therefore inclined to find here an

impersonation of the great

CAPAPIO

-But PlOM,

nearer to the actual legend, and

is

the types of Pallas and

tinguished J I

(?).

Sarapisj holds sceptre

such impersonation

Roman

coins.

modius on head.

Deity, wearing modius, holds sceptre.

^'

^'^ disposed to identify this figure with

Greek Uranus, though he may almost as

the

well stand

Indian Varuna.

for the

(/8.)

Persian Deities.

AOPO,

Fire-god, holding

AGOPO

Male
This

hammer and

figure, holding
is

tongs.

wreath and tongs.

the Iranian fire-god, called

Atars; but his form

is

by Mr. Thomas

copied from that of the

Greek Hephaestus.

APA6IXPO

Sun-god, with hand raised.

The

origin of the

name

be a mere corruption of

APOOACro

Male

The

is

(Persian

obscure

it

may even

APAOXPO.

deity, holding wreath, horse beside him.

first letter

has usually been corrected to A.

Hoffmann, however, observes that as

name

?)

is

stands the

near to the Persian word Luhrasp.

not certain that

his only

it

we have here a sun-god,

marked

attribute, being

the horse,

not necessarily

solar.

MANAOBAro

It is

Moon-god, four-armed, seated on throne.

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixiii

Types.

Mr. Thomas interprets the legend ' Mslonh Bago,'

a particular form of the Iranian moon-deity.

mann

MAO

recognizes the deity as

Moon-god, holds

Mao

is

HofE-

Bahman (Mano Vohu)

sceptre, wreath, ankus, &c.

Zend name

for the

moon-god.

MIlPO,
Radiate sun-god, holds sceptre, wreath, &c.

MIPo,
MIOPO,

[In one case the inscription accompanies a figure

[ONio]

of Nanaia.J

The form
occur.
to

does not, so far as I know,

deity intended seems therefore rather

be the Iranian sun-god Mihira, than

Eoman

NANA

The

MIOPO

counterpart Mithras.

See above, under Greek

OANINAA

his Graeco-

deities.

Victory, holding wreath and sceptre.

The Zend word Vanant stands

victory

for the star of

Mr. Thomas considers

(Hoffmann).

the

legend to refer to Anandates, a Persian deity mentioned by Strabo.*

of his character

OAAO

But he was a male

we know

deity,

and

nothing.

Wind-god running.
"Zend,
is

OPAAFNO

'

The type

-wmd-god,' vdto " (Hoffmann).

very characteristic, and decidedly original.

War-god

holds spear and sword.

The legend has been read

posed by Mr. Thomas

OPAAFNO,

to refer to Agni.

considers the deity to

be

the

and sup-

Hoffmann

Persian war-god

Varhran, or Bahram.

<l>APPO

Deity holding
*

fire,

sceptre,

sword, &c., some-

'Qiiauov Koi 'AvaSdrov, ILepaiKav Saifiovav, page

512

(c).

INTEODUCTION.

Ixiv

Types.

Inscriptions.

times wears winged helmetj or stands on a fire;

sometimes holds the cadaceus of Hermes^ and even

his purse.

The Persian word far

and that the deity

mann

calls

or farr

a fire-god

is

him the god

is

signifies

Hoff-

evident.

of victory,

fire,

hvarenanh,

" Hoheits and Sieges-glanz."

Indian Deities.

(7.)

APAOXPO
[AOXPO]

Female

deity,

The type

is

holding a cornucopiae.

nearer to that of the Greek Tyche

than to any other figure.

The legend has been

regarded as a transcription of Ardha-ugra, half or

consort of Siva, Parvati.
for Siva

there

is

still

certain, as

we

And

that

OKPO

stands

shall presently see

remains for explanation the aspirate

but

X for

K, as well as the curious circumstance that the cruel

and

telentless Parvati should appear in so

mild and

Hoffmann considers the

deity in-

propitious a form.

tended to be the Persian Ashis, daughter of Ahuro,

goddess of fortune.

Lakshmi,

the

Others suppose her to be

Indian

goddess

of

fortune,

who-

closely corresponds to Tyche.

MAACHNO

War-god Skanda, holding standard and sword.

There can be
sents the

little

doubt that the legend repre-

Sanskrit Mahasena,

'

ruler of a

army,' an epithet of both Siva and Skanda.

great

The

TYPES.
Inscriptions.

Ixv
Types.

figure so nearly resembles that of

present series, that

Later,

it is

Skanda

safe to identify

Mahasena reappears,

-with hitn.

it

somewhat

in

in the

different

form.

OKPo

and bull

Siva, standing with trident

form of a

his hair in

shell.

Siva having four hands, in which he holds a vase,

an Indian thunderbolt,* a trident, and a goat

sometimes a wreath or a Greek thunderbolt
is

sometimes

There has been a quite unnecessary doubt as

identification of this figure;

and von

Sallet "

No

it

Ahuro,

Pantheon aus Zeus, Poseidon, Hera-

doubt there

a Greek element in the

type, but the attributes prove

beyond any doubt that

Siva(Ugra)
goat, are

Hindu
hair

is

all

Two

The thunderbolt, trident, and

intended.

attributes of that deity as he appears in

pictures,

and the

arrangement of the

special

him

espe-

On some of the late coins Siva has three

faces.

and the

cially.

KOMAPO,
BIZAro

Hoffmann calls

to the

is

kles," &c.

CKANAO

he

phallic.

phallic nature also belong to

figures of

armed

deities

one holds standard

and sword, one sword and spear.

These figures also can be unhesitatingly identified
as Skanda, the

epithet of

Hindu god of war, who' bears the

Kumara, the

called in the

prince,

and Visakha, who

is

Mahabharataf a son and impersonation

of Skanda.

* On

p.

132

this attribute has been called a

drum.

Its

form

is

that of a drum,

but the occurrence of the Greek thunderbolt in the hand of Siva shows that
Indian counterpart of that weapon.

i.

2588,

iii.

14384, &c.

it is

the

INTBODTJCTION,

Ixvi

Types.

Insariptions.

CKANAO

Two figures, as

KOMAPO,

is

MAACHNO,

before; between

deity,

who

apparently torned.

j^

^j^jg

remarkable group we find again Skanda

Kumaraj and Visakha

be Mahasena, who

(S

'

the third figure appears to

here differentiated from SiVa.

is

See above, under

(jJPON

BOAAO,

them a

Greek

Deities.'

Buddha.

Figure of Buddha, standing, preaching.

OAYO ROY ^
f
CAKAMA, 5
iro RoYAAo

Buddha

: \
,,
These coms are most mterestmg as givmg us the
.

earliest

seated cross-legged (PI. xxxii. 14).

^,

known

artistic representation of

The second and longer legend seems

script of Advaya

to

Buddha.

be a tran-

Buddha Sakyamuni.* On a

Museum specimen
ing

British

CAKAMA is clear; the old read-

CAM AN A, with its interpretation Sramana, must

therefore be given up.

The

style in

which these various figures are represented

markable, and

points

style of types.

is re-

a local school,

clearly to
.

ihere are a few set schemes according to which

the figures are arranged.
attitude as

Ardochro

close parallel in the

difiers

from Ares

being the case, it

(xxvi. 6).

moon-god

(xxviii. 17)
is

(xxvi. 10) is in exactly the

The sun-god

(xxvii. 22) .

'

his

(xxviii.40)

This

might be tempted to do, on the Roman aurei

Thus the

* The word advaja

Roma

only in the length of her chiton.

Roma

(xxviii. 20) is closely like Pallas

an aureus of Galba., and the Victory

be advaya-vadin,

same

(xxvii. 9) finds

Pallas, or

all

evidently futile to seek the originals of the types

of these coins, as one

of the Caesars.

Nanaia

is

(xxviii. 1 3)

due to a suggestion of Mr. Bendall

he who speaks of the one (knowledge).'

on

nearly resembles
;

the

full

form would

"WEIGHTS

Victory on an aureus of Otho ; yet

the Indian coin the copy.

and drapery the

set

artists

by

coin

right in these

is

and

the prototype, and

Rather both coin-types are copies of a

conventional and widely current

Within the Kmita

we have no

Eoman

assume that the

similar cases to

]xv:11

mode

of representing the deities.

their conventional notions as to attitudes

employed by the Scythic kings move

freely;

they vary attributes continually, and in the case of Siva even develop
a,

type quite different from anything to which they can have been

accustomed in a Greek school.

V. Weights.
It

is

maintained by Gen. Cunningham that the earliest Greek

coins of India, those of Sophvtes,
are struck not on
r j
'

The purana.

the Attic standard, but on a native standard which

is

based on the

Thomas 56
early

We

gr.

punched

Of these

rati or grain of abrus precatorius.

32 weigh, according to Cunningham, 58^ English

gr.,

grains,

according to

thus reach a unit, the purana, followed in the

silver coins of India

follows the same standard

is

likely

and that the money of Sophytes

enough, though

if

so

it is

rather

over-weight.

Apart from these specimens,

Use

all

the earlier coins of the kings of

Greek descent which were issued

of Attic

standard.

in India

and to

q^^ north of the Caucasus, are struck on the Attic

standard (drachm, 67*5 grains) which Alexander made universal in

the regions which he conquered, and which was maintained by the
Seleucid kings

The
and

who succeeded him

monarch

earliest

in Asia.

to strike on another standard is Bucratides

in the reigns of his successors, Heliocles

Attic standard

is

gradually given up, the

and Antialcidas, the

new standard advancing

in conjunction with the custom of using on the coins Indian transcripts of the

Greek legends.

INTllODUCTION.

Isviii

This new standard appears to be identical with that called by

metrologists the
Feisian standard.

coins were struck

notably the

must have

Persian,

sigli

the standard on which

m all parts of the Persian Empire,

.

^,

/.

-n

t-.

stamped with the figure of the Persian king, which

which

freely circulated in the northern parts of India,

paid tribute to the Persians.

The standard used by the Indians

the silver coins, which they issued before the Greek conquest,

we have

already remarked

would seem not

difi'erent.

The present standard

for

is

as

therefore

be native to India, but an importation from

to

Persia.

In the Persian standard the unit or drachm weighs 84-86 grains

if

therefore the lower

Persian, we must

standard of the Greek kings of India be

call the

heavier pieces, which weigh as a

160 grains, didrachms; and the smaller

pieces,

maximum

which weigh up to 40

grains, hemidrachms.

Hitherto the larger pieces have usually been

treated as didrachms,

and the smaller

standard, which

wrong

is clearly

wrong.

as

But

hemidrachms, of Attic

Sallet also appears to

in supposing that the larger pieces are tetradrachms,

smaller drachms of a standard reduced from the Attic.

change from the Attic standard to that which I

place suddenly, and

is

call

be

and the

For the

the Persian takes

evidently due not to any sinking of standard,

but to the adoption for purposes of convenience of a

difi'erent

weight

for coins.

All gold coins before the Indo-Scythic

standard,

period follow the Attic

somewhat debased.

Gold standard.

The Indo-Scvthic
'

gold money, as

we have

follows the standard of the aurei of

already observed, p.

Hii,

Rome.

The following

table gives approximately the normal or

standard
weights of coins in the various metals issued in India by
Greek and
Scythic kings.

PERCY GARDNER.

kix

NORMAL WEIGHTS OF COINS.

GOLD.
Grains.

Stater of Attic Standard

Drachm

of Attic Standard

Indo-Scytliic distater

stater

quarter-stater

SILVEE.
Tetradrachm of Attic Standard

Drachm

of Attic Standard

Hemidrachm

of Attic Standard

Obol of Attic Standard

Didrachm

of Persian

Hemidrachm

Standard

of Persian Standard

THE ARIAN
Value.

PALI ALPHABET,

ON COINS.

THE ARIAN PALI ALPHABET, ON COINS.

Value.

Ixxii

TABLE OF TRANSLITERATIONS AND RENDERINGS OF PRAKRIT LEGENDS.

Indian.

Greek equivalent.

Englisli rendering.

INDIAN PALI.
Akathukleyasa

AFAOOKAEOYZ

Paratalevasa

HANTAAEONTOZ

Eajine

BAZIAEnZ
AEIAN

AkatHukreyasa*

PALI.

King

(genitive)

INTRODUCTION.

Indian.

Ixxiii

Ixxiv

INTRODUCTION.

Greek equivalent.

Indian.

KAAAlonH

Kaliyapaya

KAAA<I>EZ

Kaphsasa
Karisiye
vata

English rendering.

nagara

KAA<|)IZOY

KOZOYAO or
KOZOAA

Kujula or

Kuyula

Khushana

of the city of Karisi.

Cunningham.

Kasasa

Kusliana or

God

de-

KOPON

or

XOPAN

Kushan

(tribe).

Lisiasa or Lisikasa

AYZIOY

Mahachhatrapasa

Satrap (gen.).

Maharajasa

BAZIAEnZ

King

Maharajabhrata or
Maharaj abhraha

BAZIAEni:

Brother of the king.

Mahatasa or
Mabatakasa

MEfAAOY

AAEA<|)OZ

Moasa

Great (gen.): Pali, mahanta.

Great prince

Mahisvarasa

Menadrasa

(gen.).

MENANAPOY
MAYOY

Nikiasa

NIKIOY

Pakurasa

Palanakramasa

HAKOPOY
EYEPPETOY

Philasinasa or
Philusinasa

<|)|AoEENOY

Pratichhasa

Eni<|)ANOYZ

Perhaps for Sk. palanakahamasa, 'able to protect' (^n.).

Ksh not being a Prakrit combination of letters, we have not
been able to find an example
of it in Arian Pali,
BendaU.

Ulustrions
(gen.)

Pntrasa

(gen.).

YIOY

Son

for prattkshiyaaa

BendalL

(gen.).

INTRODUCTION.

Indian.
Eajabalasa, Eamjarl
bnlasa, &c.
j

Eajadirajasa or
Bajaiajasa

Greek equivalent.

Ixxv

English rendering.

PAIY
BAZIAEnZ

BAZIAEflN

King

of kings (gen.).

Steadfast in true law

Sachadhramathidasa

dharmasthitasya

for eatya-

(gen.).

Ben-

for sagarbha.

Gun-

daU.

Sagaba

Brother:

Sampriyapita

To whom

ningham.
his father is very dear.
This seems to be a rendering

Greek
ningham.
of the

Sarvaloga isvarasa

Prince of

all

(piKoTtardip.

Cun-

the world {gen.).

Spalagadamasa
Spalahorasa
Spalirisasa

Stratasa

ZnAAIPIZoY
ZTPATflNOZ
General

Strategasa

Teliphasa

THAE<|)OY

Theuphilasa
Tradatasa

OEOOIAOY
ZriTHPOZ

Vrishabha

TAYPOZ

BuU.

Tavugasa or Yauasa

ZAOOY

Yueh

(gen.),

Greek

(rrparriySs.

:
perhaps for a Prakrit
tra^iadatasa (gen.), of. Sk. tranakartri. Bendall.

Saviour

(gen.).

Ixxvi

COREIGENDA.
Page 68,

no. i,

as a

&

p. 69, nos. 9,

whip over the

10

The object described in

the' text

king's shoulder seems to be merely the

falling ends of -the regal diadema, greatly exaggerated.

the coins of Azes and succeeding kings this view

Pp. 103, 105

The

first letter

stand for either, or even

On

adopted.

name of Gondophares (^) is

ga and sometimes as gu. It may

in the

transliterated sometimes as

is

gam

GREEK AND SCYTHIC

KINGS OF BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Hetal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

ANDEAGOEAS, KING OF PARTHIA?

B.C. dr. 300.

Gold.

Bust of Zeus r,, wearing

taenia; drapery round
neck.

ANAPAroP[OY

Warrior

r.,

in

quadriga

by Nike, and

drawn

horned

driren
by four

horses,

galloping.

131-9

M-1

behind,

Wf

[PI.

I.

1.]

Silver.

of a City r., wearing

turreted crown.

Head

ANAPAroPOY

Pallas standing
in chiton and peplos
holds owl in r., 1. rests on shield
I.,

clad

which is adorned with Gorgon's

head ; behind her, spear.

255-8 iK,l-15 behind,

WP.

[PI.

I.

2.]

GBBBK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverao.

Size.

SOPHYTES, KING IN
B.o.

INDIA*.

dr. 300.

Silver.

Head

of the king

close

fitting

in

r.,

helmet,

Zfl<l>YTOY Cock

r.

ceus.

bound with wreath

wing on cheek-piece.

58-3

M&

on section of neck,

[PI.

I.

3.]

above, cadu-

DIODOTUa

No.

I.,

KING OF BACTHIA.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No,

EUTHYDEMUS

No.

I.,

KING OP BACTRIA.

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACtKIA AND INDU.

No.

DEMETRIUS, KING OF INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

()8)

Bust

Herakles
of
r.,
bearded, crowned with
ivy ; lion's skin round
neck, club over sboulder.

13

^1-

14

^1on

round

^1-35

I.,

0. C.

BAZIAEnZ

PI.

III.

l.J

Trident.

AHMHTPIOY
to

Head of elephant r., beU

hung round -neck.

iEM5

Artemis, radiate,
facing, wearing
short chiton ; holds in 1. hand,
bow ; with r. hand, draws arrow
from quiver at her shoulder.

[I.

shield.

16

BAZIAEAZ

AHMHTPIOY

to

Gorgon-head,

15

Bronze.

1.,

BAZIAEflZ

Caduceus.

AHMHTPIOY
tol..

[I.

0. C.

PI.

III.

2.]

GBEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

PANTALEON, KING OP INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PANTALEON", KING OF INDIA.

(Son and successor
(a)

Bust of young Dionysos

r., wearing ivy-wreath

NicMl.

BAZIAEflZ

Bust of young Dionysos

r., weajing ivy- wreath ;

1.

r.,

fore-paw

EY1

Bronze, round.

BAZIAEnZ

Panther to

nANTAAEONTOZ

thyrsos over shoulder.

^95

Panther to

raised.

tol.,

(/3)

of Demetrius.)

riANTAAEONTOZ

thyrsos over .shoulder.

110-2 NI-95

1.

r.,

fore-paw

raised.

to

I.,

A.

[PI.

III.

8.]

(y) Bronze, square.

"J

{RajinePamr
talevasa*).

l/*A -0
figure

dants

Female
with long penfrom her ears,
.6

oriental

with trousers
her

r.

lion

r.,

incuse

square.

1;

in

clad

BAZIAEnZ Maneless
riANTAAEONTOZ in

hand a

dress

holds in

flower.
[PI- "I- 9-]

-95

^85
[I.

iE-9

0.

C]

* I repeat General Cimningham's reading of this inscription and those

The Indian inscription in the text is a facsimile

on the coins of Agathocles.

taken from the inscriptions on the coins

some

of the

forms

of letters

abnormal.

seem

GREEK AND SOTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

10

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

AGATHOCLES, KING OF INDIA.

(Son and successor 1 of Demetrius.)
(a) Silver ; with portraits of his predecessors.

BAZIAEYONTOZ
AFAeoKAEOYZ

AAEZANAPOY
TOY <t>iAinnoY
Head

AIKAIOY

of Alexander as

Heraldes

r.,

in

1.

Zeus seated
on throne

with back;

holds eagle and long sceptre.

lion's

skin.

251-2

^1-4

to

AlOAOTOY

Head

ZnTHPOZ
r.,

BAZIAEYONTOZ Zeus striding

hurUng
AfAeoKAEoYZ to

of

Diodotus

I.,

AIKAIOY

diad;

aegis

263 '5 .111 -3

to

EYGYAHMOY
0EOY
demus

I. r.,

[PI. IV. 1.]

R:

1.,

1.,

on

1.

wreath

arm
;

to

thunderbolt
;

at his feet, eagle

r.,

|^

BAZIAEYONTOZ
AfAeoKAEOYZ

Head

of Euthy-

AIKAIOY

diad.

Herakles,

naked, seated

on rock ; in r. hand,
rests on a rock.

^1-2

to

(|8)

Bust of the king

r.,

Silver
diad.

[PI. iv. 2.]

bearded,

1.

261-2

1,

club,

which

[PI. IV. 3.]

r..

with his own portrait.

B AZ A EnZ Zeus, facing, clad

AfASOKAEOYZ in himation;
I

holds

in

r.

hand, three-headed

Hekate who bears two torches

in his

240-8

63-6

^1-2

^-8

1.

hand, long sceptre.

tol.,

[PI. IV. 4.
J

[PL

IV.

5.]

AflATHOCLESj KING OF INDIA.

No.

11

12

No.

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(0 Bronze ;

square

TA^t^7

^TY'^')^

{AhaBuddhist
surmounted by

tJmJcreyasa).

stupa,

Indian legend.

{Hiduja Same).

Tree

in a square railed enclosure.

star.

M-75

15

letters? in field.

[PI. iv. 10.]

ANTIMACHUS, KING OF INDIA.

(Descendant and successor of Diodotus?).
(o) Silver.

Bust of the king

r.,

BAZIAEnZ GEOY Poseidon,

ANTIMAXOY
facing, wear-

diad.,

wearing causia.

ing himation and wreath; holds

in r. hand, trident ; in 1., palm,

bound with

262-3

Ml-35

260-5

Ml-15

252-3

Ml-2

59-

JR-8

31-5

10-6

fillet.

tor.,.

|tor.,

[PI. V. 1.]

k.

|tor., bsj.

M-i5

to
I

r.,

R:

[PI. V. 2.]

[I.

0. C.

PI. V.

3.J

13

EUORATIDES, KING OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

EUCEATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

(Contemporary of Antiochus IV. and Demetrius
(a) Silver

Bust of the king

r.,

diad.

fillet-border.

I.

of Syria.)

type, Apollo,

clad in
BAZIAEnZ ApoUo
and
chlamys
EYKPATIAOY
1.,

boots ; holds arrow and bow.

257-2 .31 1-2

256-5

^1-3

261-

^1-3

261-

^1-3

58-5

M-1

to

|tol.,

(border of dots.)

fillet-border.

259

iRl-25

r.,

Silver

diad.

Kh

type.

The

[I.

PL

0. C.

0.

[I.

Bust of the king

^1-25

[I.

(j8)

258-5

1.,

V. 4.]

C]

O.C.

PI. V. 5.]

Dioseuni.

BAZIAEI2Z

The

Dioscuri
charging r,,
holding long lances and palms.

EYKPATIAOY

below, f:.

lAI.

[PI. V. 6.j

[I.

0.

C]

u
No.

GEBEKAND

SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

15

EUCRATIDBS, KING OP BACTKIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

(y) Silver

Bust of the king

r.,

diad,

type, Pilei of Dioscuri.

BAZIAEnZ
EYKPATIAOY

The pUei

of the

Dioscuri, laur.,

surmounted by

stars

and two

palms.

19

9-9

^45

20

9-1

21

9-9

iR-45

22

23

24

25

26

below,

10-

9-2

[I.

C]

0.

-45

10-8 .51-5

9-5

bf-

.^45

[I.

0. c.

[I.

^45

K.

^45

lAI.

0.

[I.

7-3 i5l-4

PI.

V.

10.]

C]

0. C.J

(broken)

Bust of the king

and helmeted.

27

9-9

^45

28

10-1

^45

29

10-

^45

30

6
(broken)

^4

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEnZ
EYKPATIAOY
below,

Similar type.

IA|.

[PI. V. ll.J

nr.

[I.

0.

C]

GREEK AND 8CTTHI0 KINGS OP BACTEIA AND

No.

INDIA.

EUCRATIDES, KING OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

No.

17

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

18

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Keverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEflZ

MEfA-

I^'T^V

{Maharajasa Evu-

AOY EYKPATIAOY
I"!"*!-^^/
Head of the king

Tcratidasa).

The

r.,

pilei of

without helmet.

diad.,

by
56

^6

57

^6

the Dioscuri surmounted

stars,

[I.

(X)

and two palms.

PI. VI. 5.]

0. C.

Bronze; sqiiare; type, Nike.

BAZlAEnZ MEPA- T^V j^

AOY YKPATIA0Y y\^2^:7/
Bust of the king

{Maharajasa UvuTcratidasa).

Nike

r.,

diad.

58

1.,

and helmeted.

^65

to

59

60

1.,

bearing wreath and palm.

cp

[I.

0. C.

PI. VI. 6.]

M-7

Similar? (obscure coin).

Same

inscr.?

Nike

r.,

bearing wreath

Nike

r.,

bearing wreath

and palm.

61

M-65

MEfAAoY BAZIAEnZ EYKPATIAOY

Same

inscr.

and palm.

Bust of the king 1.,

helmeted, striking with
spear.

M-9

to

T.,\^.

[I.

0. C.

PI. VI. 7.]

19

HELIOCLES AND LAODICE.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Eeverse.

Obverse.

Size.

{rj)

Bronze; square;

type, Zetis.

BAZIAEnZ MEfA- 'l7'\'^lAh*^1^ {Karisiye

AOY EYKPATIAOY nagara devaia *). Zeus seated
1.

the king
diad. and helmeted.

Bust

of

r.,

on throne; holds wreath and palm;

in front, forepart of elephant

r.

behind, conical object.

M-1

63

tor.,

[PL

OC.

EUCEATIDES, WITH HELIOCLES

AND

VI. 8.]

LAODICE.

(Father and mother of Eucratides.)

Silver.

BAZIAEYZ MEPAZ H A lO K A EOYZ

KAI AAOAIKHZ
EYKPATIAHZ
Bust of Eucratides
diad. and helmeted.

251-4

^1-25

with bare head ;

r.,

to

(fillet-border).

1.,

lAI

[I.

61-1

M-

* This

is

r.

ofHeliocles,
and Laodice, diad.

(fillet-border).

0. C.

Itol., lAI.

'

Busts jugate

PI. VI. 9.]

[PL

VI.

10.]

the conjectural reading of Gen. Cunningham, who interprets,

These coins are sometimes restruok upon

the god of the city of Kariei.'

money

of Apollodotus

have been issued

it

seems, however, not improbable that they

after the death of Eucratides.

See Introduction.

may

GEEBK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND

20

No.

Wt.

MetaL

Obverse.

Size.

INDIA.

Reverse.

PLATO.

166.

B.O.

(Contemporary of Eucratides.)
(a) Silver.

Bust of the king r., diad.

and wearing helmet
adorned with ear and
horn of bull, and crest

BAZIAEAZ Eni|)ANOYZ
rjAATIlNOZ
diate, clad in chiton

HeHos r., raand chlamys;

in quadriga.

fiUet-border.

249-

to

iRl-3

r.,

M:

in ex.,

PML*

[Pl.vi. 11.]

(year 147 of the Seleucid era.)

* The
visible,

can scarcely be considered a certainty, but a down stroke

which seems to prove that a third

letter existed.

21

HELIOCLES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

HELIOCLES.
(Son or brother of Eucratides.)
(a) Silver ; Cfreek inscription ; Attic weight.

Bust of the king

fillet-border.

r.,

diad.

BAZIAEnZ
HAIOKAEOYZ
A K A OY

Zeus, laur.,
clad in
himation ; holds
and long
thunderbolt

winged

facing,

sceptre.

261-2

M\-3

258-

Ml-25

[LO.C]

259-7

Ml-25

5.

[PL

249-8

Ml-15

246 6

Ml-i

in ex.,

240-8

Ml-3

to

205-1

^105

tol.,

1.,

[PI. VII. 1.]

Kf.

VII. 2.]

nr.

[1.

0.

c]

(plated)

58-9

^8

in ex.,

56-7

^8

10

56-8

^-8

to

1.,

nr.

[PI. vii. 3.]

A or A
lAl

(inscr. semi-barbarous.)
[I.

0.

C]

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

22;

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Eeverse.

Obverse.

(;S)

11

Ml-2

13

M\-2

.14

Ml-l

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

Barbarous copies in bronze.

23

HELIOCLES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obyerse.

Size.

(Another Heliocles?).
(y) Silver

Indian inscription

Persian weight.

BAZIAEHZ AIKAI- T^H'lT^^.'^V

OY HAIOKAEOYZ
T^ A 2? A '1'^
Bust

diad.

of

the

king

{Mahdrajasa
dhramilcasa

r.,

Heliyakreyasa). Zeus, laui., facing,

clad in himation

holds 'winged

thunderholt and long sceptre.

22

146-4 JSilOb

23

34'5

^65

24

34-2

^65

25

26-3

^65

toL, lOP.

tol.,

(8)

Bronze

Z.

[I.

O.C.

Pl.vn.

[I.

O.C.

PI. VII. 6.]

square.

BAZIAEnZ AIKAI- TT'M'JT^^.'^^

*t] '^
OY HAIOKAEOYZ
r A^A
Bust of the king

^85

27

^85

(Mdhdrajasa,
dfiramikasa

r.,

Heliyakreyasa).

diad.

26

5.]

below, fW,

'

Elephant

1.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND

24

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEI2Z

AIKAI-

OY HAIOKAEOYZ
of the king
diad,, bearded.

Bust

yh M'i T
^ A^ A

;^

'n.~

{Maharajasa

tj/4>

dhramihaea

r.,

Elephant

Heliyakreyasa).

28

iE-8*

below,

29

^85

above,

AIKAI- Same

1.

Z.
K.

(inscr.

[L 0.

BAZIAETIZ

INDIA.

inscr,

C.

ends

PL

A;re-a-s).

VII. 7.]

Indian bull

r.

OY HAIOKAEOYZ
Elephant

30

^8

31

iE-95

r.

0. C.

PL

of Strato, the characters

^2

[I.

to L,

* Restruck on a coin

the reverse from previous striking.

VII. 8.]

P]

remaining on

25

ANTIALOIDAS.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Beveree.

Obverse.

Size.

ANTIALCIDAS,
(a) Silver; Attic weight.

Bust of the king

r.,

diad.

fillet-border.

BAZIAEnZ NIKH<l>oPOY
ANTIAAKIAOY Zeus, laur.,
seated

Nike,

on throne ; holds in r,,

bears wreath and pahn;

1.

who

in 1., long sceptre; in field 1., forepart of elephant with bell round
neck, who raises his trunk.

257-2

Ml-35

[I. 0. C.

tor., )?(.

PI. VII. 9.]

{P) Silver ; Indian weight.

BAZIAETIZ

NIKH-

<t0P0Y

ANTIAA-

KIAOY

Bust of the

king

r.,

T^%'*17'^(^)7

rajasa

jayadharasa Andialikidasa). Zeus

seated 1. on throne ; holds in r.
hand, palm and wreath; in 1.,

diad.

;
to 1., small elephant upwards, who grasps the wreath in
his trunk.

sceptre

34-5

M-e5

to

Same

inscr.

king

r.,

r.,

Bust of the Same

diad.

1^

[PI. VII.

inscr.

holds in
tre

to

r.

1.,

10]

Zeus seated 1. on throne;

hand, Nike; in 1., scep-

forepart of elephant,

who

raises his trunk.

36-4

M-65

below throne,

)?(

38-

M-7

tor.,

101.

37-9

M'65

(king wears causia).

below throne,

(elephant

[I.O.C.]

)?{

[PL

VII.

r.)

11. J

26

No.

GREEK AND 80YTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.

27

ANTIALOIDAS;

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Eeverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(y)

BAZIAEnZ
<|)OPoY

Bronze; round.

NIKH-

ANTIAA-

KIAOY
r.,

Bust of Zeus
with hand hurling

thunderbolt.

jayadharasa Amtidlikidasd). Lau-

'

reate pilei

of the Dioscuri,

mounted by
two pahna.
16

M-9

to

r.,

|?(

17

M-85

to

1.,

18

iE-85

(J)

BAZIAEflZ NIKH<|>0P0Y ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of Zeus

r.,

bare-headed

derbolt over

1.

thun-

shoulder^

stars

Bronze; square.

T^ ?A^ T^ "1.~V
T"l%'*17^(?)7

^;

stars

20

M-8

J)

^*

IS

J)

21

^75

)>

)>

))

I)

IvI

24

M-75

25

^75

rajqsa

reate pilei of the Dioscuri,

M-75

M-7

{Maha-

jayadharasa Amtialikidasa). Lau-

19

23

sur-

between them,

[PI. VIII. 1.]

mounted by
two palms.

22

tol.,

tor.,

Z.

sur-

between them,

[PL

[I-

viir. 2.]

0- C.]

23

No.

GIIKEK

Wt.

AND SCYTHIO

KIKGIS

OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

Metal.

Eeveree.

Obverse.

Size'.

BAZIAEnZ

NIKH-

<|)OPoY

ANTIAA-

KIAOY

Bust of Zeus

lam., with, hand hurling thunderbolt.

r.,

7^ ?A:d

t:j ^.'^v
y^%'*]?^(%)?

iE-75

27

^75

28

M'7

29

M-7

30

M-85

reate pilei of

toL,

R:.

ft.

vm.

3.]

above,

inscr.,

Aegis.

iE-85

the Discuii, sur; between them,

stars

[PI.

Same

31

raiasa

jayadharasa AmtialiMdasa). Lau-

mounted by
two palms.
26

{Mdhd-

blundered.

Same

inscr.,

blundered.

Palm and

wreath.

below, 101

[I.

0. C.

PL

Tin. 4.]

LTSIAS.

No.

29

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

30

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Bronze; square.

(y)

BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AYZloY Bust

of bearded Herakles
lion's skin

INDIA.

r.

round neck,

and club over shoulder,

{Mdhdrajasa
T/^'t"*1
apadihatasa lAsikasa). Elephant r.,
walking.
>

10

11

If

If

is

l>

1>

below,

M-75

12

above,

13

^75

14

iE-85

[PI. viu. 9.]

below, 101

)?(.

(king's

name

"F 7 '^ ''I >

written

Lisiasa.')

No.

Wt.

31

DI0MBDE3.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

DIOMEDES.
(a) Silver

type, Dioscuri, standing.

BAZIAEHZ ZflTH- T'l'lXT^'l'^*-' (Maharajasa

POZ AIOMHAOY
"Y ^WA.^ tradatasa DiyaBust of the king r.,

diad.

34-8 /U-65

35-

M-G5

medasa).
The Dioscuri, facing,
holding lances.

to

tol.,

^king helmeted).

(J3)

r.,

[PI. viii. 10.]

[PI. VIII. 11.]

Silver ; type, Dioscuri, mounted.

BAZIAEnZ ZI2TH- T*1^'\T2i'n~-' (Maharajasa

POZ AIOMHAOY
^^/\^ tradatasa Diya-

Bust of the king r., diad.

The Dioscuri, charging

holding long lances and pahns

viedasa).
r.,

33-5

M-65

33-1

M-e5

below, 1^.

[PL

(king helmeted).

(y)

BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ AIOMHAOY

The

Dioscuri,

holding lances.

M-8
iE-85

^85

M-75

[PI. VIII. 12.]

facing,

VIII 13.]

Bronze; square.

T'n'lXT2:!^.'^*=' {M&Mrajasa

'Y^

^ A^

medasa).

tradatasa Diya-

Indian bull

r.

"

below, i^.

zS.

[PI. VIII. 14.]

32

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Obverse.

Reveree.

AECHEBIUS.
(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<l)OPOY

APXEBIOY
the king

r.,

A ^^7

(Mdhdrajasa
r
dhramikasa jayadharasa ArJche-

Bust of

diad.

hiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in himar

tion ; holds long sceptre in 1. hand,

and hurls thunderbolt with

139-

^1-05

to L,

36-,

36-3

to

M-65

r.,

rW

0. C.

[I.

IX. 1.]

[PI. IX. 2.]

iae'

(king helmeted).

[PI. IX. 3.]

BAZIAEHZ AIKAIOY NIKH<t>OPOY

APXEBIOY

PL

T A 41^7

Bust of

(^Mahdrajasa

dhramikasa jayadharasa Arlthehiyasa). Zeus, facing, clad in hima-

the king 1., diad., wearing aegis and thrusting

tion

with spear.

holds long sceptre in

1.

and hurls thunderbolt with

147-6

^1-

34-4

^7

(king helmeted).

to

1,,

Eti

to

1.,

g:

[I.

to

(/8)

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPoY

APXEBIOY

iEl-

NikeL,
and

wreath

0. C.

hand,
r.

PI, IX. 4.J

^.

r.,

[L 0.

holding
palm.

r.

PL

C.

IX. 5.]

Bronze; round.

T A ^^7

(Mdhdrajasa
dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhebiyasa).

tor.,rM.

Owl

r.

[PL

IX. 6.]

33

AEOHEBIUB.

wt.

Metal.

Reverse

Obverse.

Size.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ
Y

AIKAINIKH<|)PY

APXEBI-Y
Elephant

TA+l*^?

r.

hiyasa).

^1^9

{MdMrajasa

dhramikasa jayadhardsa Arkhe-

below, W1

Owl

r.

[PI. IX. 7.]

[I. 0.

C]

34

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Keverse.

Obverse.

Size.

APOLLODOTUS
(a) Silver ;

BAZIAEflZ

I.

round ; Attic weight.

AnoA-

AOAOTOY ZnTH-

(Mdhdrajasa Apaladatasa trada-

POZ

tasa).

Elephant

r.,

band

Indian bull

r.

roimd body.
31-1

M-6

30-8

M'6

[PI. IX. 8.]

[I.

(j8)

Silver ; square

BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZHTH

POZ Elephant r., band
round body.
3

37-9

37-8

37-8

37-7

38-

36-3

37-5

10

38-

11

37-9

12

18-3

^65

Indian

0.

C]

weiglit.

APOLLODOTUS

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Eeverse.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZI2THPOZ

facing

^9

iE-95

15

^85

16

i[!3-85

17

^95

{Mahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square

Apollo, laur.,
holds in r. hand,

arrow ; in

13

35

I.

1.,

tasa).

of dots.

bow.

[PI. IX. 10.]

[I. 0.

to

r.,

tol., ftl.

C]

K
rt.

f^

[I.

18

19

M-9

20

M-9

21

M-9

1.

22

^V

23

iG-9

ih.

24

M-75

0.

C]

hpl.

[I-O.C]

[PI. IX. 11. J

..

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OF BiOTEIA AND INDIA.

36

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEilZ AnoAAOAOTOY ZflTHApoUo, laur.,

POZ

(Jdahdrajasa Apaladatasa tradaTripod on stand, in square

tasa).

facing ; holds in r. hand,

arrow ; in 1., bow.

of dots.

^9
^85

to

1.,

'El

to

1.,

to

r.,

C]

[I.

0.

[I.

0. C.

iE-95

^9

ITT.

^9

2
A~

.^9

"

EP(?)

^8

to

1.,

T?

JE-7

to

r.,

M-1

(inscr.

.,

^75

M-m

.,

tol.,

to

r.,

,,

fft.

M-7
(5)

Indian bull

Bronze; square
r.,

PI. IX. 12.]

[I.

O.

C]

[I.

0.

C]

M.

"

blundered.)

iE-75

^9

perhaps of Apollodottis.

in square Tripod, in square of dots.

of dots.

39

M-5

[I.

q. c.

PI. IX. 1.3.]

APOLLODOTUS

No.

II.,

37

PHILOPATOR.

Metal.

Wt.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

APOLLODOTUS

IL,

PHILOPATOK.

(a) Silver.

MErAZflTHPoZ

BAZIAEX2Z

AOY

(Maharajasa tradatasa ApdladaPallas 1., holding in 1. hand

aegis, and with r. hurling thun,

<l>IAonATO-

KAI

tasa).

POZ AFIOAAOAO-

TOY
king

128-5

r.,

Bust of the

derbolt.

diad.

MV15

tol..

BAZIAEflZ ZilTH-

[PI. X. 1.]

Similar.

POZ KAI <l>IAOriAToPoZ AROA-

AOAOTOY

Similar

bust.

37-2

M-75

tol,

37-3

M-65

to

1.,

[PI. X. 2.]

uncertain letter; to

r.,

[PI. X. 3.]

36-1

M-7

3C-

M-7

36-8

M-1

to

BAZIAEXIZ ZflTHPoZ AFIOAAOAO-

TOY
35-4

^65

37-8

^6

r,,

|S^

,.

A-

Similar.

Similar bust.
tol., 'i^; tor.,

^.

[L 0. C."

PI. X. 4.

GEBBK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

38

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

Bronze; round.

(/8)

BAZIAEnZ ZflTHPOZ AFIOAAOAO-

(Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-

TOY

Apollo r., clad

in chlamys and boots,
holding with, both hands
an arrow ; a quiver at

Tripod.

tasa).

his shoulder.

10

iEl-25 tol.,^.

to

1.,

to

r.,

^1-05

[PI. X. 5.]

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEHZ ZriTHPOZ AfloAAoAO-

{Makarajasa tradatasa Apalada-

TOY

Apollo facing,
clad in chlamys and
boots
quiver behind
shoulder; holds in 1.
hand, bow ; in r., arrow,
which rests on the
ground.

Tripod.

tasa).

11

Ml-

to

Same

inscr.

Apollo

r.,

1.,

to

Same

inscr.

to

1|

r.,

[PI. X. 6.]

Tripod.

clad in chlamys and

boots ; holds with both
hands ah arrow ; a
quiver at his shoulder.

12

1.,

to

r.,

club.

{flan of coin round),

13

.^95

15

mons. obscure.
to

14

[PI. x. 7.]

I.,

'^

to

r.,

(type within square of dots.)

^8

to

r.,

M
[I.

0. C.

PI. X. 8.]

APOLLODOTUS

No.

Wt.

39

FHILOPATOR.

II.,

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEnZ ZfiTHPOZ

KAI

<|>IAO-

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-

HATOPOZ AnoA'AOAOTOY

tasa).

Tripod.

Apollo

clad in cUamys and

boots ; holds in r. hand,
r.,

arrow

16

(type

in

1.,

within

bow.

square

of to

r.,

men.

(type within square of

fillet-pattern).

fillet-pattern.)

17

BAZIAEnZ znTH
POZ

KAI

01 AO-

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-

HATOPOZ AnoAAOAOTOY Similar

tasa).

Tripod.

type.

18

M -65

19

JB-6

to

within
type,
Similar
square of fiUet-pattem.

20

M-^

r.,

[PI. X. 9.J

{Maharajasa tradatasa Aj>aladaDiadema.

tasa).

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

^,40

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

STEATO

I.

(a) Silver,

BAZIAEflZ

Eni4>A-

NOYZ ZnTHPoZ
ZTPATHNOZ

Bust

of

tlie

king

(Mdhdrajasa
r IE
praticKhasa tradatasa Stratasa).
Pallas L, holding with L hand aegis,
and with r. hurling thunderbolt,

r.,

diad.

133-3

Ml-05

(king wears helmet.)

31-3
36-2

M-7

33-3

M-65

1.,

^,

tol.,

^.

to

[PI. X. 10.]

[PI. X. 11.]

ft.

BAZIAEnZ ZilTH TI^XT^ii'l.'^V {Maharajasa

POZ ZTPATHNOZ
tradatasa Straf\ i
Bust of the king
diad.
r.,

Similar type.

tasa).

35-8

^7

(king helmeted.)

35-5

to

1.,

[PLx.

101.

to

r.,

12.]

*1

(semi-barbarous.)

37-6

M-65

35-4 M.-6

"

....
t34-4

inscr.

PONOZA
NOZ

"

i(

J)

H
[I.O.C.

)>

)>

Pl.x. 13.]
,,

)>

[PI. X. 14.]

10

32-2 VR-65

[I.O.C.]
(last line of inscr.

Or H

t This

padayashasa ?).

cha, prackichhaia.
is

one oi the coins sometimes wrongly given to an imaginary

king, Rosastonos.

STRATO

iNo.

Wt.

Metal.

41

I.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH
POZ AIKAIOY
ZTPATilNOZ
Bust

of

king

tlie

T^ 2
r.,

diad.

11

32-7

^65

to

(;8)

r.,

T^^

laur.;

^1-

to

(y)

BAZIAEilZ

{Mahdrajasa

pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa).

Bow and quiver, with strap.

hair in queue.

12

[PI. XI. l.J

1,101.

Bronze; round.

BAZIAEnZ Eni<t>ANOYZ ZnTHPOZ

ZTPATilNOZ
Bust of Apollo

{Mahdrajasa

tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa).

Pallas r., holding in 1. hand aegis,
and with r. hurling thunderholt.

1.,

Bronze ; square

[PI. XI. 2.]

type,

AjwUo.

Eni<l>A-

NOYZ ZnTHPOZ

{Mahdrajasa

"Y^^

ZTPATI2NOZ

pratichhasa tradatasa Stratasa).

Apollo, facing; holds in

r. hand, arrow; in 1.,

Tripod-lebes, on stand.

bow.

13

^95

to

1.,

&;

to

r.,

H
[I.

14

15

16

^85

rfl.

>>

^^

"X

0. C.

PI. XI. 3.]

[I.O.C]

to

r.,

'n and nion.

0. C]

[I.

42

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

ReTerae.

Bronze

(8)

BAZIAEnZ znTHPOZ ZTPATHNOZ

square

17

M-8

18

iE-85

19

^8

over shoulder,

r.

club

bound

with, taenia.

tor.,

1^.

[I.

0. C.

[I. 0.

'F *!

ZTPATriNOZ

PI. XI. 4.]

C]

{Maharajasa

tradatasa dhramikasa Stratasa).

Similar type.

Similar type.

.^9

T^"i.~v

{Maharajasa tradatasa Stratasa).

Nike r., holds wreath and palm.

BAZIAEilZ ZriTH
POZ AIKAIOY

20

type, Nike.

T^2 T"i^X

Bust of bearded Herakles

to

r.,

101

[PI. XI. 5.]

43

AGATHOCLBIA, WITH STEATO.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Eeverse.

Obverse.

Size.

AGATHOCLEIA, WITH STEATO.

(a)

Bronze

square.

BAZIAIZZHZ eEO- TT'S'i T"i^\ y^^'^

TPonoY AFAeo(Jdaharaja^a
y^i
KAEIAZ Bust of the tradatasa
dhramikasa Stratasa).
Queen

r.,

helmeted.

Herakles seated 1. on rock ; holds

in r. hand, club, which rests- on

knee (type of Euthydemus).

-8

^8

to

1.,

|0P.

[PI. XI. 6.]

[I.

0.

C]

44

No.

GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

45

MENANDBR.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

ObTerse.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH- T^'l-\T^^.~V (Maharafasa

POZMENANAPOY ^
J
Jenc
Bust of the king
diad.
.\ 1^Pallas trltasa
u
holding
m
drasa).
r.,

Wf

,,

i.

hand

and with

aegis,

r.

hurling

thunderbolt.

12

37-8

^7

13

37-8

^-7

14

39-

^7

15

34-8

M-G5

to

1.,

16

33-6

M-7

to

r.,

17

37-6

^7

18

37-4

^7

19

38-

^65

20

341 ^75

21

37-5

^65

22

36-

M-65

I)

23

37-7

24

37-3

M-65

25

37-

M-7

(king helmeted).

to

r.,

[I.

to

].,

0.

E-

S
;

to

r.,

1^.

W[I.

to

r.,

C]

0.

C]

)?(.

1.

1.,

[PI. XI. lO.J

46

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BASIAEnS ZflTHPOZ MENANAPOY

T'n^-'T.Tsl'n-'^V (Maharajasa

T"*\.^

Bust of the king r., diad.

trddatasa

Mma-

holding in 1.
hand aegis, and with r. hurling
drasa).

Pallas

1.,

thunderbolt.

^65

26

36-3

27

39'

28

38-3

^7

29

38-

^75

30

38-7

^-7

tol., )?{; tor.,

tor.,

Same

Z;
1^.

Bust of the Similar.

wearing aegis
thrusting
with

insor.

king

and

1.,

spear.

31

36-6

32

37-1

33

37-3

34

37-8

35

38-

^7

tol.,)^.

tor.,

-65

^75

M.

m.

Ivl

r.

)?(.

[I.

0.

C]

MENANDBE.

No.

47

QBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BA.CTEIA AND

48

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

ObTerso.

Size.

INDIA.

(7) Bronze ; square ; with

head uf Pallas.

BAZIAEflZ ZnTH- T^^XT^^I.^^^

POZ MENANAPOY
Bust of Pallas

47

iEM

drasa).

below, 1^

Similar.

Same

{Maharajasa

tradatasa MenaHorse r., prancing.

\.Z.^

"Y

wearing crested helmet.

r.,

Nike

inscr.

r.

holds wreath

and palm.
48

to

r.,

ft

49

^.

50

E-

52

J)

53

W-

51

0.

[I.

[I.

O. C.

C]
PI. XI. 13.]

^85

54
55

M-9>

Similar.

Same

Nike

inscr.

1.

holds wreath

and palm.
56

M-7b

57

M-d,

58

M-1b

to

1.,

1^

B.

to

r.,

[I.

0.

C]

[PI. XII. l.J

[I.

0.

C]

MENANDEB.

No.

49

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

No.

51

DIONYSIUS.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

EPANDER.
(a)

BAZIAEnZ

Bronze.

NIKH-

<t>oPoY EHANAPOY
Nike advancing r. holds

(Mdharajasa jaijadharasa
Indian bull

drdsa).

Epa-

r.

wieath and palm.

M-9

below, l

R:

[I.

0. C.

PI. XII 8.]

DIONYSIUS.
(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ znxH- y*n*l\T^^~"-'

POZ

AIONYZIOY

(Maharajasa

A ^ -9 7 ^

tradatasa
Pallas 1. ; holding
Dianisiyasd)
in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r.,
hurling thunderbolt.

*P

Bust of the king r., diad.

38-

M-7

to

(/3)

r.,

[I.

0. C.

PI. XII. 9.]

Bronze.

BAZrAEHZ zriTH- TA^^-f 7^ T"i^\ y:^^^^

POZ

AIONYZIOY

(^Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiTripod.

ApoUor.jCladin chlamys
and boots; holds in both
hands an arrow ; a quiver

yasa).

at his back.

"^

to

iE-85

to

^8

mons. obscure.

1.,

r.,

r+1.

[I.

0.

C]

52

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

ZOILUS.
(a)

Silver

baziaehz AiKArOY iniAOY Bust

of the king

37-4

M-7

38

M-65

r.,

with

BiKaw.

title

(Maharajasa

dhramilcasa Jhdi^
Herakles facing, crowned
with ivy; holds in r. hand, wreath;
in 1., chib and lion's skin.

diad.

lasa).

tol.,t^.

[PL

[I.

(yS)

Silver

with

XII. 10.]

0.

title a-oyr^p.

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH T*1*l\T7^'^-

POZ iniAOY Bust
I'iT'^
of the king

r.,

diad.

C]

(Maharajasa
tradatasa

PaUas I. ; holding in
L hand, aegis ; and with r., hurlJho'ilasa).

ing thimderbolt.

34'8

^65

tol.,

?;

tor.,

^.
[I.O.C.

37-4 yR-65

37-6

^8

36-6

^6

34-4

^7

382

^7

Z in inscr.

^;

PL

[I.

XII. 11.]

0.

C]

f\j

[I.

O.

C]

53

ZOILUS.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(y)

Bronze

BAZIAEnZ ZflTH-

T*^^^

Apollo r., clad in chlamys

and Loots ; holds in both
hands an arrow; a quiver

back

in.

field

round.

Y'n'n'XT'V^'^'-' {Maharajasa

POZ ICOIAOY

at his

Jhdilasa).

tradatasa

Tripod.

1.,

small elephant.

.^1-25

tol.,

Elephant

10

^;

tor.,

7.

to

7-

[Pl.xii. 12.]

SimOar.

r.

^75

to

(5)

1.,

H;

r.,

(double-struck).

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ iniAOY

(Maharajasa tradatasa Jhdilasa).

ApoUo r.,

clad in chlamys
and boots ; holds in both
hands an arrow; a quiver

Tripod.

at his back.

11

Ml-

tol .^.

to

1.,

to

r.,

T'

[PI. XII. 13.]

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

54

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reveree.

Obverse.

Size.

APOLLOPHANES.
(o) Silver.

BAZIAEIIZ ZflTH- T*1*1'1.T^*T^-'

POZ AnoAAO<t>AT S 7^ 'I lA

NOY

Bust of
the king r., helmeted;
diadem tied round the
(sic)

^65

37-8

M-65

tradatasa

Apulaphanasa). Pallas 1. ; holding in 1. hand, aegis ; and with r.

hulling thunderbolt.

helmet.

36-3

{Maharajasa

to

1.,

0''

to

r.,

),

J)

[PI.

[!

xm.

1.]

O- C.]

AETEMIDOEUS.
(o)

BAZIAEnZ

1.,

how,

and with r., draws arrow

from quiver at her back.

M-8

square,.

ANI-

KH[ToYAP]TEMIArtemis,
AilPOY
facing; holds in

Bronze;

*1 "nvp^^ti

{Maharajasa

apadihatasa Artemidorasa).

Humped

below,

bull

r.

[PI. XIII. 2.]

ANTIMACHUS

No.

IX.,

NICEPHORUS.

55

56

No.

GREEK AND BCTTHIC KINGS OP BAC'TRIA AND INDIA.

67

PHILOXENUS.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Eeverae.

(y)

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ ANIKH T^f^^/j-p

Sim-god, facing, radiate,

-P

--

-,,

'

-^

"n"

apadihatasa Jrmla*sinasa).
holds wreath and palm.
;

clad in chiton, himation,

and boots; holds in 1.

hand long sceptre

T:^^.<n>V
(,-,

JNike

r.

r.

extended.

10

^8

to

r.,

;Same ihscr.
City 1. ; in Same
L hand cornucopiae ; r.
extended.

11

^85

12

^8

13

tol.,

II

lOl

[PI. xiii. 9.]

101

Indian bull

inscr.

below,

Z.

1.

[I.O. C.

U
15

[I.

M-8
mon.

16

17

M-8

* Sometimes

z.

lu for la.

0.

r.

PI. XIII. 10.]

C]

GEEEK AND

58

No.

Wt.

SCYTIIIO KINGS OP BA.GTRIA

AND

INDIA.

Metal, r
Size.

Obverse.

Reverse.

NICIAS.
(a)

BACIAEUJC CUJTHPaC NIKIOY Head

of the king

r.,

diad.

Bronze; square.

(or

YA"^'N/^) T^'H'Vfu'']

{Maharajasa or Maharayasa

tra-

datasa Nikiasa). King, diad. and

wearing chlamys, on horseback r.
horse prancing.

^8

[PI. XIII. 11.]

BAzrAEnz znTH T7%-9

POZ NIKIOY
Similar head.

/E-9

y^^x y^^^^

{Maharajasa tradatasa Nikiasa).

Dolphin twined round anchor.

[PI. XIII.

12.]

..

59

HIPPOSTRATUS.

No.

Metal.

Wt.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

HIPPOSTEATUS.
(a) Silver; type, City.

BAZIAEnZ znxH- T*l^\T7'n~v- (Maharajasa

PnZ mnaZTPAfl'Z /?'/' tradatasa Hipa-

TDY
1'.,

UG

^1-1

147-7

^1-15

Bust of the king

City 1., wearing modius ; holds in 1. hand, cornueopiae ; r. advanced.

stratasd).

diad.

to

(/3)

BAZIAEHZ

AdY

Silver

1.,

type.

to

King mi

[Pi. XIV, 1.]

7.

horseback.

T^^\

MErA- T"i.~w

ZHTHPdZ
mnnZTPATDY

r.,

T7"-:~^

(^Maharajasa tradatasa mahdtasa

jayamtasa Hipastratasa). Kin
diad.
and helmeted, wearing
chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse

Bust of the king r., diad.

prancing.

139-5

^1-2

below, 1^.

147-

.fll-1

to

1.,

to

r.,

below, Tl
[PI. XIV. 2.]

144-

411-05
0.

[I.

34-6

M-lb

to

1.,

to

r.,

C]

Jr

below,

[PI. XIV. 3.]

Similar.

Similai, horse walking.

to

143-2

1.,

to

r.,

below, 2*.
[PI. XIV. 4.]

144-8

M\Ob

143-

Ml-l

1>

))

!)

J>

>!

)J

y
[I.

0.

C]

60

No.

GREEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZHTH- T"i.A^ T"i"i\ r^i'^^

PdZ mnnZTPA'y^^h'P {Mdharajasa
TQY Bust of the king
tradatasei,jayam,tasa Hipastratasa).

diad.

r.,

King, diad. and helmeted, wearing

chlamys, on horseback r. ; horse
prancing.

10

143-

iRM5
(y)

PI. XIV. 5.]

[I.O. C.

below,

Bronze; sguare.

BAZIAEnZ znTHpoz

TOY
his

mnozTPA-

{Mdharajasa tradatasa Hipastra-

Triton,

tasa).

facing,

body ending in

fish's

1.

City 1., turreted ; holds in

hand, palm ; r. advanced.

; holds dolphin and

rudder.

tails

11

12
13

^1-05

to

^1
^1

1.,

to

tJ

t>

ti

)>

tt

7.

r.,

it

[I.O.C.

Same inscr. Apollo r.,

clad
in chlamys ; holds arrow"

in both hands
at shoulder.

14

inscr,

meted,
throne
taenia

^85

16
17

;
;

inscr.

tol.,

Tripod.

quiver

^9

Same

15

Same

Pallas, hel-

seated 1.
holds in
in 1 , spear.

on
r.,

tor.,

7-

[PI. XIV. 7.]

T^.A7 T^"l\ TV"T^^

r'l^A'/'

{Mdharajasa

tradatasa jayamtasa Hipastratasa).

Horse

1.,

in square of fdlet-pattem.

tol.,

[1.0, C.

^85

PI. XIV. 6.]

PL

XIV. 8.]

61

AMYNTAS.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

AMYNTAS.
(a) Silver ; type, Pallas.

BAZIAEnZ NIKA- 7-,vk7 T"i?a^ T^^.'v^v

TOPOZ AMYNTOY (Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiBust of the king r., diad.,
helmeted.

Pallas 1. ; holding in 1.
hand, aegis; and with t hurling
tasa).

thuaderbolt.

127-2

^1-

[PI. XIV. 9.]

tol.,

(/3)

BAZIAEflS

Silver

NIKA-

TOPOZ AMYNTOY
Bust of the king

r.,

type, Zeus.

T"iv7 T1?A:i

T::i"l.~v

{Mahiiraja&a jayadharasa AmiZeus seated I. on throne;

tasa).
in r. hand, Nike ; in 1., palm and

diad.

sceptre.

33-4

^65

tol.,

OS.

36-2

^65

tor.,

[I.

0. C.

PI. XIV. 10.]

(y) Bronze; square.

BAZIAEI2Z

NIKA-

TOPOZ AMYNTOY

{Maharajasa jayadharasa AmiPaUas standing 1., her r.

tasa).
hand advanced ; in her 1., spear
and shield.

Bearded bust r., radiate,

in Phrygian cap; sceptre
over shoulder.

to

JI-8

1.,

Efl.

[1.0. C.

PI. XIV. 11.]

62

No.

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

HBRMAEUS.

No.

63

64

No.

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

Metal.

Wt.

Obverse.

Size.

(;8)

INDIA.

Beverse,

Bronze;

with portrait.

rovlrfd;.

BAZIAEXir ZHTH-

PaZ EPMAIDY
Bust of the king

(J^aharajasa tradatasa HeramaZeus, laur., seated 1. on

throne with back ; bis r. hand
advanced ; in his 1., sceptre.

i.,

yasa).

diad.

;25

^95

126

to

1.,

^;

to

r.,

uncertain Indian letter.

[1.0. C. PL IV. 6.]

^95

,,

uncertain Indian letter.

>8

^85

29

^95

uncertain Indian letter.

30

iB-9

^95

i>

II

))

)i

)i

)>

"

I)

)i

[27
i

T.

M'.

[I. 0.

G.]

[I.

0.

C]

[1.

0.

C]

32

^1-05

33

J&\-

34

^95

35

^95

>>

>i

i>

V.

36

MX-

<7.

37

f>J
J

1J

HEBMAEUS.

No.

6.5

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

66

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(S)

Bronze; square; without portrait.

BAZIAEnZ ZilTHPOZ EPMAIOY

Bearded male bust r.,
radiate, wearing Phry-

{Mdharajasa tradatasa HeramaHorse r., trotting.

s).

gian cap.

51

below,

52
53

54

M-75

55

M-1h

[T.

[I.

0. C.

0.

C]

PI. XV. 8.]

HEEMAEUS AND CALLIOPE,

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEflZ ZflTHPOZ EPMAIOY KAI

KAAAlonHZ
jugate

r.

of the

Queen, both diad.

36-2

^65

33-2

^6

Busts

King and

A\.hA*^Ji

{Maharajasa

tradatasa Heramayasa Kaliyapaya). King, helmeted and diad.,

r. on horseback ;
horse prancing,
bow and lance on his back.

below, E^l.

[PI. XV. 9.]

[LO.

C.

PI. XV. 10.]

RANJABALA.

No.

67

68

No.

GHEEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Eevorse.

MAUES.
(a)

Head

Bronze ; round ; Greek legend only.

of elephant

r.

bell

BAZIAEflZ

Caduceus.

MAYOY

round neck.

^1-15

tol., rtt.

[I.

0. C.

PL

XVI. 1.]

^1-15

(j8)

Silver

type, Zeus.

BAZIAEHZ

BAZI(^Bajadi.
AEHN MEFAAOY r"l'^^T:i!"ll:j^
rajasa
/y
mahatasa
MAYOY Zeus stand- Moasa). Nike
holds
\

ing
r.
.

151-

and palm bound with

to

(y)

Bronze; round;

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MErA[AOY

[MAYOY?]
on

horseback
over shoulder
couched.

to

fillet.

long sceptre.

^115

M\-2

wieath

r. ;

clad in himation;
hand extended; in 1.,
1.,

r.,

(^

King r.
whip

lance

r.,

type,

[PI. xvj. 2.]

King mi

horseback.

{Rajadirajma mahatasa Moasa).

Female figure, facing, diad. holds
;

in r. hand, patera, containing oflferings ; 1. rests on wheel ; on head,

turreted crown.
(Tyche).

toL, vc;.

[PI. XVI. 3.]

..

69

MAUES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(S)

Bronze

round ; other

baziaehz baziaehn mepaaoy

"7

MAYOY

Artemis
ninnmg r., radiate, with
veil iloatiag round her

head
5

^1-

iEl-

^1-

clad

in

typhs.

7y

Moasa).

rajasa mahatasa

Indian

humped huU

1.

short

chiton and "boots.

to

1.,

[PI. XVI. 4.]

Same

Horakles, Sanie inscr.

inscr.
facing; holds in I, cluh
and lion's skin.

^1-05

to

(e)

Bronze ; square ;

1.,

Maneless lion

rW

type,

[PI. XVI. 5.]

King on

horseiaek.

BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T"T^^T^"ll^"l

AEflN MEfAAOY
"y 7W
rajasa
MAYOY King r. on
horsehack
shoulder;
vanced.

r.

whip over
hand ad-

1.

(Bajadi.

mahatasa
Pallas r., her garment
Moasa).
flying ; holds in 1. hand, spear and
shield; r. extended; before her,
altar.

M-^

tor.,

Same

inscr.

horsehack

M'C,.

King r. on Same inscr.

whip over
and palm.

[PI. XVI. 6.]

Mke

1. ;

holds wreath

shoulder; lance couched.

10

Ml-

tol.,

[PI. XVI. 7.]

;;

70

No.

GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTHIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Bererse.

(Q Bronze ; square ;

BAZIAEnZ
AEilN

MAYOY
female
holds

other types.

BAZI-

MEfAAoY

{Rajadirajasa mahatasa Moasa).

Nike 1. ; holds wreath and palm.

Draped

figure

facing,

sceptre

trans-

versely ; on her head,

crescent ; and on either

side, star.

11

M-95

to

Same

Zeus, laur.,
throne

inscr.

seated 1.
holds in
tre;

r.

on
1.

hand

scep-

extended towards

Same

13

M-9

1.

inscr.

on throne

Zeus, seated
; holds in r.

hand Nike, who carries

wreath and pahn; before
him,

forepart

phant

figure, facing,

who seems

tol.

Same

Female

inscr.

wearing turreted crown and holding long sceptre ; holds out in r.

hand her veil. (Tyche).

female
to be
an emhodiment of the
thunderbolt.
figure,

M,l-

[PI. XVI. 8.J

winged

small

12

-p

1.,

r.,

of

with

[PL

XVI. 9.]

Same inscr.

Herakles, facing ; holds

hand, club and lion's skin;
with r., crowns himself ?
in

1.

ele-

trunk

raised.

Ml-l
Same

Poseidon
himation ;
on hip ; in

inscr.

clad

hand

in

trident;

r.

1.,

r.
1.,

M-95

16

JE-9

inscr.
Female figure, clad in
chiton and himation, facing; stands

between two vines.

A
tol.,f

(Poseidon raises
to

r.,

hpi

(Maenad ?).

foot placed on

shoulder of a river-god.

15

Same

r.

hand)

[I.

0. C.

[I.

0.

PI. XVII. 1.]

C]

MAUES.

No.

Wt.

71

Metal.

ObverBO.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZIAEflZ
BAZIAEflN MErAAOY

MAYOY

striding

1.

(Rajadirajasa mahaiasa Moasa).

figure, clad in chiton and
himation, facing ; stands between

Poseidon
hurling thnn-

Female

derbolt to r., and holding in left hand aplustre; heside him, rivergod, leaping up.

17

M-9

two

tol.,

Same

inscr.

Male

figure

chlamys flying behind; holds club and

1.,

(Maenad

vines.

[I.

O.C.

?).

PI. XVII. 2.]

Same inscr. Female figure r.,

lum flying ; holds long fillet.

pep-

trident.

18

^1-1

19

^1-05

to

1.,

tor., S'C;.

Same inscr. Female

1. ;

in

r.
1.,

figure

figure, facing; clad

in himation; r. hand on hip; Wears
(Hermes?).
petasus,

cornucopiae.

M-9

A
to

1.,

Same inscr. Elephant run- Same

M-9

22

M-9

23

M-9

24

M-85

J25

Ml-05

King, facing, seated

on cushion ; sword

inscr.

cross-legged

fillet-pattern.

pattem.

on his knees

to

in square of fiUet-

T^.

Same

inscr.

to

1^

r.,

[PI. XVII. 5.]

r.,

Similar.

[PI. XVII. 4.]

T^

ning r., holds in trunk,

in square of
wreath
:

21

Pl.XTii. 3.]

Same inscr. Male

hand advanced

(Tyche?).

20

O.C.

[I.

Indian

humped buU

[PI. XVII. 6.]

r.

72

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEnZ MAYOY
Apollo 1. ; holds in r.
hand arrow ; in 1., how.

26

^6

27

^55

to

1.,

,.

Same

Reverse.

yiV

TIi!*T^'-' {Maharajasa
Moasa). Tripod, in square of dots.

[PI. ivii. 7.]

M,

inscr.

Horse

Same

inscr.

trotting.

28

iE-8

toi.rtt.

Bow

in case.

73

AZB.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

AZES.
(a) Silver; type, Zeus.

Y^^^w

BAZIAEHZ

BAZI- T^.'v..^ y:j-i:j^

{Mahaxajasa
"FA 7
The king r.,
rajarajasa mahdtasa Ayasa). Zeus

AEHN MEPAAOY
AZOY
on

horseback

holds

lance, couched.

146-5

145-7

^1-1

radiate

1.,

long sceptre.

below, 'Y-

to

Similar.

Same

1.,

(g)

r.

to

r.,

^1-05

140-6

^1-1

35-5

1.,

to

1;

below, b

^-65

to

r.,

I.,

K;

7.

to

r.,

37-9

^7

35-

iR-65

below,

M'

[I.

PI. XVII. 9.]

O.C]

J.
O.C. PL

[I.

Similar.

in

[PI. XVII. 8.]

[I.O.C.
150-3

Zeus, facing, laur.

inscr.
holds winged thunderbolt and
long sceptre.

to

.R115

hand advanced

1.,

XVII. 10.]

Same

Zeus, facing, laur. ;

inscr.
hurls with r., thunderbolt ; and
holds in 1., long sceptre.

to

1.,

))

^j
it

tpr.,

JJ

7.

[Pl.xvu.ll.]

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTBIA AND INDIA.

74

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZI-

AEHN MEfAAbY
AZOV

on

The king

horseback
whip.

128

^-95

below, T'

146-7

^1-1

to

r,,

'V

10

140

^1-1

t.

11

136-8

^1-

^.

*r

r.,

holds

A7

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa malidtasaAyasa). Zeus

1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing
Nike ; in 1., long sceptre.

tol.,

^;

tor., *1.

if

ft

)J

JJ

[I.O.C. PI. XVII. 12.]

12

142-3

^95

13

149

^1-1

136

^9

T.

.,

15

150-4

^9

^.

>>

)}

j>

jj

J)

Jl

}>

,,

)f(

i>

16

128-7

M-95

1.

17

148-7

M-25

18

149

M-9

T.

19

147-71

M-95

20

147

M-95

'y.

9>

#;

if

J>

K.

))

mon.

L-'^.

o. C.J

[I.

0.

C]

AZES.

No.

75

..

76

No.

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZI- T"i.~v-'
T:^*n:i"i t:^"i~'>^
(Maharajasa
r
7
The king r.,

AEHN MEFAAOY
AZOV

on

horseback
whip.

35

31

36

36-4

/R-65 tor., N'.

T.

37

36-2

^6

38

372 M-e

X.

39

32-9

M-6

\.

T.

M-G

40

35-8

41

30-2 JR-5

42

31

M-55

rajarajasa mahatasaAyasa). Zeus

1. ; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing
Nike; in 1., long sceptre.

holds

to

I.,

I'

"

"

^;
"

)>

>>

tor.,

*!>.

>i

i>

"1,

))

..

7.

>)

A
M

>(

[I.O.C.]

7
43

44

45

46

47

48

33

28-7

22 6

35-3

35-2

37-2!

M-6
JRQ

M-6

M-6

^.

11

I,

li

r.

"

jj

,,

>^.

"

"

)i

JJ

^.

"

j>

))

^.

J)

JJ

ji

ff

"

ij

JJ

J,

[I.

O.C]

..

77

AZES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEflZ

BAZI-

AEnN MEFAAOY
AZOV

The king

on

horseback
whip.

49

32-

^55

50

34-8

^55

51

35-5

^55

52

34-3

^55

53

27-5

^6

54

32-

^6

to

r.,

M'.

r.,

holds

"K

tol.,

uncertain

letter.

A7

^-

tor.,

?,

>>

J)

)J

>J

^.

(Mdharajasa

rajarajasa mahaiasaAyasa). Zeus

1.; holds in r. hand, wreath-bearing
Xike; in 1., long sceptre.

))

)l

[1.0.

C]

[Most of the above coins are of base metal and very rude
In nos. 16 and 46 the

execution.

{j3)

BAZIAEnZ

inscr. reads rajadirajasa\.

Silver; type, Poseidon.

BAZI-

AEnN MEFAAOY
AZOY

horseback

55

138-

^95

to

r.,

King
;

r.,

on

holds whip.

A/

{Mdharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasd). Poseidon r. ; holds in 1. hand, trident.

to-l.,

1^;

to

r.,

'^

[PI. XVIII. 1.]

78

No.

QBEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

AZSS.

...

79

80

No.

GREEK AND SOTTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND INDIA.

AZES.

No.

81

82

No.

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTKIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEIIZ

Reverse.

BAZI-

AEHN MErAAQY
on
AZdV King

T^7

r.,

horseback

105

37-6

M-G'

106

36-7

M-Q5

107

108

35-6

28-5

to

r.,

*+I

tol.,

7-

M-Q5

M-6

,,

uncertain

letter.

S;

tor., ll.

)J

JJ

"

JJ

J7

S;

(S) Silver; type.

BAZIAEnZ
AZOY

King
;

Ml-05

110 143'

Ml-

111

34 '3

M-7

to

r.,

[I.

0.

C]

City?

BAZIr.,

on

A7

{Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahaiasa Ayasa). A

City? 1.; holds in r. hand, object
resembling a brazier ; in 1., palm

holds lance,

bound with

109 136-5

[PI. XVIII. 9.]

^.

AEflN MEPAAOY
horseback
couchsd.

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasd Ayasa). Pallas r. ; her r. hand advanced ; in

her 1., spear and shield.

holds whip.

to

1.,

|tol.,

^;

fillet.

tor., >J7.

/^ 77;

tor.,

5.

[PI. xviii. 10.]

[PI XVIII. 11.]

AZES.

No.

83

84

No.

GUBBK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

85

AZES.

wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZlAEnZ BAZIAEflN MEfAAoY

Hermes
AZOY

"FA 7

1.,

wears chlamys
advanced ; in

iE-75

to

1.,

Same

MK

hand

r.

cadu-

1.,

to

Lion

inscr.

1.,

to

r.,

[PI. XIX. 3.]

Similar.

r.

M-75
^65

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa).

Demeter? standing 1., wears modius ; r. hand advanced ; in 1.,
comucopiae.

tol.,

ahove,

1^;

tor.,

^.
"^.

[PI. XIX. 4.]

O ?.

^65
(ff)

Bronze

type,

male

BAZIBAZIAEIiZ
AEI2N MEfAAuY

AZdY

Female

deity.

"FA 7

deity,

{Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayasa).

clad in himation ; holds in raised r.

hand, flower ; stands on
lotus j beside her, lion 1
facing,

Humped

bull

r.

(Lakshmi V).

Ml-

to

1.,^-

to

(t)

BAZIAEnZ

Bronze

r.,

types, lion

dian bull

^X.

above,

Humped

In,

r.

and hdl.

BAZI-

AEHN MEPAAnY
AZdY

[PI. XIX. 5.]

A7

(Maharajasa

rajadirajqsa mahatasa Ayasa).

Lion
above,

r.

4^

86

No.

GBEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND" INDIA.

87

AZES.

No.

wt.

Metal.

Eeyerse.

Obverse.

Size.

(k)

BAZIAEXIZ

Bronze

types, elephant

Elephant

r.

Ml-

158

iE-95

>i

159

Ml-

160

Ml-05

above,

A7

"F

(Maharajasa

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayasa).

Humped
157

bull.

BAZI-

AEHN MErAAuY
AZdY

and

bull

r.

above, uncertain letter.

It

rn.

!!

/R

JJ

5)

13

(inscr. rajarajasa).

>)

[I.O.C. PI. XIX.

^ m

161

Ml-

162

Ml-

7.

3j

163

M-95

>>

)>

164

Ml-l

r*i

jj

165

Ml-05

166

^1-05

/fv

167

^ro5

168

Ji:i-05

169

^75

!i

7.]

(inscr. rajarajasa).

[I.O.C.]

7.

jj

7.

(inscriptions obscure).

[I.

0.

C]

[In several of the 'above coins the king's name

appears as

AOZY AOZZY AZOY

,

is

and

misspelt,
so forth.

and

88

rNo.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

AZES.

No.

90

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINOS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZIAEnZ

BAzr-

AEHN MEfAAOY
AZOV

Elephant

A7

{Maliarqjasu
r
rajarajasa maliatasa Ayasa).

r.

Humped
188

Ml-l

7.

above,

tor.,

BAZIAEnZ MEPAAOY AZOV Elephant

TA7 y^'^^ T^^'^^

mdhatasa Ayasa).

{Maliarajasa

Humped

r.

bull

r.

*[P1. XTX. 12.]

BAZIAEnZB]AZIAE

nNMErAAoYAE[
Lion

^65

r.

VK.

M-i5

190

bull

above,

^^~^

TA7
{Maharaja

Ayasa).

Humped buU

r.

"V

above,

(o)

King

Corrupt legend

on horseback

Billon

r.,

1.

[L 0.

C]

semi-harbarous coinage.

TT'M'^

T*n~^ T^^^v^

TA7

holds in

hand ankus(?); before

-*
him, symbol

T::!^^^:^^

{Maharajasa maliatasa dhrami-

r.

Icasa rajadirajasa

Ayasa).

City

and clad in chiton

and peplum r. hand advanced

1.,

turreted,

in

191 14.54 '^-85

192 141-

^8

193 142-2

^-8

to

On most

1.,

of these coins there is

in the obverse field

1.,

;,

cornucopiae.

5;

tor.,

^.

[PI.

XX. 1.]

an appearance of various Indian letters

which are not hero inserted, it being doubtfnl whether

they are not mere blunders.

91

AZTSS.

No.

Metal.
\Vt.

EeTcrse.

Obverse.

Size.

King

Corrupt legend.

on horseback
r.

hand ankus (?)

him, symbol

r.,

holds in

3;

TT'M'? Y*i~'-' t;::^*!'^'-'

ta; T::i^^^"i
{Maharajasa mahatasa dhrami-

before

City

Icasa rajadirajasa Aijasa).

and clad in chiton

and peplum j r. hand advanced

1.,

turieted,

in

194 145-9

^85

195 131-5

^8

196 148-2

^85

197 144-

^75

198 148-5

^-85

199 142-8

^8

to

1.,

BAZIAEHZ

Billon

icith

to

r.,

r.,

beneath,

^.

sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r.,

armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in
her 1. spear and shield ; behind,

y^.

to

r.,

and

AJA; to

y
1.,

uncertain

1..

202 150-9

T.

203 156-9

>l.

T.

'205 148-3

206 130-5

letter.

[PI. XX. 2.1

201 140-3

204 146-8

C]

iiame of Anpavanna.

star

tor.,

0.

(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma-

horseback; holds ankus;

behind him, bow on saddle

[T.

BAZI-

AEHN MEfAADY
on
AZnY King

85

f.

(it)

200 157-3

comucopiae.

1.,

J)

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

92

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZI

AEHN MEfAADY
on
AZdY King
r.,

(Indravarma putrasa Aspavarma-

horseback; tiolds ankus;

behind him, bow on saddle

sa strategasa jayatasa). Pallas r.,

armed ; her r. hand advanced ; in
her 1., spear and shield ; behind,

beneath, H^

star

207

157-2

^85

208 159-4

^9

209 150-

^85

210 155-7

^8

211 149-

M-8

to

r.,

S^

and v.

tor, /^;

tol., C;.

J>

C]

)5

)>

uncertain

[I. 0.

letter.

AZES AND AZILISES.

(a)

Silver.

BAZIAEHZ
HMrAAOY AZAIZOY
.

The king

on horseback j Jiolds bow.

31-7 Al-6

in front, \J

r.,

A/

(Maharajasa

[raiaraja']sa

maliatasa Ayatia).
Zeus standing 1., diad. ; holds
Nike and long sceptre.

tol.,

>M;

tor.,

7.
[I.

0. C.

PI. XX. 3.]

;;

93

AZILISES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

AZILISES.
(a) Sillier; type, Zeus.

BAZIBAZIAEIIZ
AEIIN MErAAOY
The
AZIAIZOY
king
in

r.

TT A 7

r., on horseback
hand, ankus ; bow

Zeus

to

to

r.,

(/8)

BAZIAEnZ
r.,

saddle.

yR105

150-4

33-3

to

1-05

r.,

1.,

to

(?)

r.,

wearing himation
and long sceptre.

[PI. XX. 4.]

BAZI-

on horseback
bow on
holds ankus

146-2

diad.,

Silver ; type, Dioscuri.

AEXIN MEPAAOY
The
AZIAIZOY

king

r.,

holds wreath

on saddle.

U8-5 Ml-05

(Maharajasa

**1

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

TT A 7

{Maharajasa

''I

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

The Dioscuri, facing; each wears
Phrygian cap and chlamys, and
holds spear and sword.

^
)t(

below,

t?

tol.,

^-65

>;

tor.,

JI

5J

'<3f.

Same

inscr.

XX. 5.]

[LO.

Similar.

[PI.

One

C.

PI. XX. 6.]

of the Dioscuri,

facing, as above, but

bearded and

wearing chiton.

146-8

37-8

^1-1

to

r.,

m.

^-6

to

r.,

I'W

to

1.,

|tol.j*K.

[PI. XX. 7.j

[PI. XX. 8.]

94

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

;.

95

AZILISES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(S)

Bronze ; square

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEFAAOY

AZIAIEOY
r.,

on horseback

lance couched.

23

^9

24

7E-95

tor.,

5.

King
;

holds

type,

Herakles, diad. naked, seated 1.

holds in r. hand club, which rests
on knee.
,

tol.,

Same

^ ^.
1)

^85

above,

26

^75

[PI. xxr. 1.]

Elephant

inscr.

25

Similar.

korsehacJe.

(Maharajasa mahatasa A yilishasa)

Similar.

King on

r.

1$].

[I.O.C.

PI. XXI. 2.]

T"l~^ T^"l^"l T^"!'^^

TT'HA?

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa maliatasa Ayilishasa).

Humped
above,

bull

^ Z

27

M-9

28

iEl-05

29

^E

-95

30

^1-1

iflS'-'.

r.

[PI. XXI. 3.]

[I.

O.C]

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

96

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obyerse.

Size.

BAZI- y^r^yj yvj-i^i-i Y^J^/V/^

BAZIAEnZ

AEHN MEfAAoY

AZIAIZOY
on horseback

r.,

TT A 7
**1

King
;

holds

Humped

lance couclied.

31

^1-05

32

M-95

to

33

JE-9

(king to

above,

r.,

^P

AZIAIZOY

35

Ml-

36

^85

(restruck coin).

(1)

standing.

BAZI

rT*nA7

The

advanced.

tor., C;.

(4i

{Maharajasa

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

Nike (?) r., un winged, clad in short
chiton, with inflated veil over her
head ; holds in r. hand wreath.

king(?) standing r., clad

in helmet and cloak
holds in L hand, shield

r.,

Ap.

Sronze ; square ; type, King

AEnN MEfAAOY

to

1.

1.)

BAZIAEnZ

34

bull

(c)

r.

(Maharajasa

rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

to

1.,

'"K

[PI. XXI. 4.

to

r.,

uncertain

letter.

[I.

37

O.

C]

^95

(X)

Bronze ; square ; other

BAZIAEnZ [BAZIAEHN MErA]AY

AZIAIZY
facing,
self

Herakles,

crowning him-

holds in

1.

hand

types.

T A7
''1

{Maharajasa

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishana).

Horse standing r.

club and lion's skin.

38

^9

39

M-9b

tol.,

^.

above,

%.

infield,

S' ^.

j-i.0 C.

Pl.xxi.5.]

97

AZ1LISE3.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEHN MEPAA.Y

AZIAIZ.Y

TT'^IA?

Male

(Mahamjasa

rajadirajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).

Lion r., looking hack.

facing, clad in
himation, head turned
to r. ; holds in r. liand,
sceptre ; in 1., uncertain
figure,

object.

40

^1-05

to

1.,

Inscr. obscure.

Elephant 1.

above,

Y.

Inscr.

6bscure

(Ayilishasa).

41

.^1-05

to

].,

mon.

PI. xxi. 6.]

[1.0. C.

ends

TT'^IA?

Humped

[I.

0.

hull

C]

1.

GREEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA,

98

No.

.,

wt.

Metal.

Beverso.

Obverse.

Size.

SPALAHOKES, WITH VONONES.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEHZ

BAZI-

MErAAOY
ONHNOY King
AEilN

on

horseback

{Maharaja

T^'V'iT'

r.,

hhrata dhrantikasa Spaldliorasq).

Zeus, laur., facing, clad in hima^
tion ; holds thunderbolt and long

holds

lance couched.

sceptre.

144-5

Ml-05

37-5

37-3

M-7

38

M-65

37-8

tor.,

S.

to

r.,

to

BAZIAEHZ

1.,

PI. XXI. 7.]

T^'V'iT)

ONflNOY
with

IB

BAZI{Maharaja
dhramikasa Spalaliorasa).
Pallas 1., wearing helmet; holds
in r. hand, wreath
in 1., spear
and shield bound with fiUet
sword slung round waist.

Herakles,
facing ; holds in 1. hand,
club and lion's skin;

and

8.]

Bronze; square.

AEHN MErAAOY

r.,

bJirata

crowns

himself.

M-8

O.C.

[PL XXI.

(j8)

M'85

[I.

to

1.,

K
[PI. XXI. 9.]

SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES.

No.

Metal.

-wt.

99

Obvorae.

Size.

Reverse.

SPALAGADAMES, WITH VONONES.

(a) Silver.

BAZIAEnZ

BAZI-

AEflN MEfAAOY

ONflNOY

King

on

horseback
lance couched.

36-1

^65

36-5

M-7

T7vp5 y.\/,

^'vriT*
8palalim-a
T-''l^i7'

r.,

putrasa

holds

to

1.,

Spalagada-

TO
[PI. XXI. 10.]

@.

36-8

36-2

dhramiasa

~masa).
Zeus, facing, laur., clad
in himation ; holds thunderbolt
and long sceptre.

M-65

[T.

{j3)

0.

C]

Bronze; square.

BAZIAEnZ BAZI- T7M'5 y-\fi *TVH7'

AEHN MEPAAOY
Spalakora
T'-'^3'*~17'
ONflNOY

club

Herakles,
holds in 1. hand,
and lion's skin;

and

with

facing

putrasa dhramiasa SpalagadaPaUas 1., wearing helmasa).

met ; holds in r. hand, wreath (?)

r.,

crowns

in

himself.

1.,

with

spear
fillet

and shield bound

sword slung round

waist.

iE-75

^8

to

1.,

@
[PI. XXI. 11.]

GEEEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OF BACTBU AND INDIA.

100

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

SPALAGADAMES, WITH SPALYEIS.

Bronze; square.

(a)

EnAAYPInC AIKAI- T;M'f r.\/r ^'VriT.

YAAEA<|)nYTaY
T'-'^3'rl7
Spalaliora
King
BACIAEWC
r.,

putrasa

on horseback.

dhramiasa

Spalagada-

Herakles, diad., seated 1.

on rocks ; holds in r. hand, cluh,
which rests on knee.
niasa).

M-S5

to

^85

1.,

SPALIRISES

[PI. XXI. 12.]

El.

AS KING'S BEOTHER.
(a) Silver.

BACIAEWC
<l>OY

King

AAEA- T7S'5 .'V'Ti* ^^.'^v

CnAAIPlCoY
Tn'+1'^|7

r., on horseback
holds lance couched.

36-6

M-55

26-7

M-6

{Maharaja
dhramiasa Spalirisagd).
Zeus, facing, wearing himation
holds thunderbolt and long sceptre.

hhraha

to

Or

.\7i

bhratrd.

V. Sallet writes

Bruder wird vou saojikuiidiger

[PI. XXII. 1.]

1.,

(p.

353), die

Form bhrahu

Seite fiir bereohtigt erklart.

fur

SPALIEISESJ AS KINO.

No.

Wt.

101

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

SPALIKISES

AS KING.

(a) Bronze; square.

BAtlAEWN BACIAeoje:

mefaaqy

{Mdliarajasa
n^'HT'
nidhatakasa Spalirisasa).
Zeus,
radiate, seated 1. on throne ; r.
hand extended ; in 1., sceptre.

CnAAIPICDY
King, standing
battle-axe

I. ;

bow

holds
at bis

side.

iE-9

to

r.,

.^9

^95

-9

[I.

M-9

0. C.

[I.

0.

PI. ixii. 2.]

C]

* Restruck on copper of Vonones with Spalahorea or Spalagadames

Club

of

Herakles seen ou obv.

[7),

(?j.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

102

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

SPALIEISES,

WITH

AZES.

(a) Silv&r.

badaecoe: mefaAOY PnAAIPICOY

King

r.,

on horseback;

A7

(Maharajasa

mdhdtahasa Ayasd).

Zeus, facing,
clad in himation ; holds thunderbolt and long sceptre,

holds lance couched.

laur.,

37-7

M-6

to

37-8

34-5

1.,

ffl

to

Jl

if

)J

>1

r.,

T
13

[I.

30-9

M-65

ij

J)

)>

0. C.

PL
[I.

J>

XXII. 3.]

0.

C]

{0) Bronze ; round.

BACIACWC MEFAAOY inAAIPICOY

King

r.,

iE-95

T/\/

oA horseback;

holds ankus.

mahdtaJcasa Ayasa).
and arrow 1.

above,

{Maharajasa
Strung bow

[PI. XXII. 4.]

103

G0ND0PHAEE3.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

RoTerse,

Obverse.

Size.

GONDOPHAEES.
Sase

(a)

ailver ; type, Zeus.

BACIAELUIDAELUN

MEfAAl VMAOQPP
The king r., on horsearm extended
back

(^Maharaja rajadiraja tradata deZeus,

vafrata* Oudapliarasa).
naked to waist, standing r. ; r.
arm extended ; in 1., long sceptre.

in front, 2.

144 -2

tol.,

#1;

tor., "1

1/.

[LO.C.
136-5

M-d5

BACIAEUJC
BACIAEUJN &c.

inscr.

(j8)

BACIAe

Base

king, diad.,

142-

^95

143-

iR-9

to

[LO.C]

silver; type, Pallas.

MrAA

TNAO<|>EPPO
;

^'.

BACI-

A6WN
back

B;., :^

PI. XXII. 5.]

r,,

r.,

The

{Maharaja rajadiraja tradata devatrata Gfudapharasa). Pallas r.,

armed ; in her 1. ,hand, spear and
shield j her r. advanced.

on horse-

3,

to

1.,

to

r.,

[PI. XXII. 6.]

BACIAEWC
V qEqV VMAa
oEPP

inscr.

Head

Inscr. barbarous.

of the king

r.,

diad.

'^'n"H^

(MaJiarajasa

mdhatasa Oiidapharasa).
r.,

and
37-6

^45

38-5

^45

fighting

holds

Pallas

thunderbolt

shield.

in field,

9-

[PI. XXII, 7.]

40-6
* Devatrdta, protected by the Gods.

Cunningham Demliada,

This word has been read by Gen,

as a rendering of ee6Tpoiros.

104

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal,

Obverse.

Size.

Reverae.

Base

(y)

silver ; type, Siva.

BACIACWC BACIAeWN MrAAOY

VNAO<|>6PPOY
The king

1.,

(Maharajasa rajarajasa tradatasa

devatratasa Cfudapharasa). Siva,
facing ; holds in r. hand, trident
in 1., palm.

on horse-

back ; r. hand raised ;

behind him, Nike flying
1., holding wreath and

palm; to
146-2

1.,

M-95

to

1.,

to

r.,

y
137-4

^95

below, T'

(A

BACIAEUIN
BADAEUJM rDl/IAa4]A-

PdY

^95

below, "^

[I.

))

for

146-7

to

1.,

1^

to

r.,

mon.
O.C.

PI. XXII. 9.]

M-9
(S)

BA'
The

Base

silver

Nike.

CIA
AAOVVNAO<t>

on throne with back

on the top of which
il il

r.

hand

tol.,

* The missing letters look like

t This

coin, as well as

it

some

'*f ;

HM'

tor.,

mita

of those

(for

<|>.

mitra

[PI. XXII. 10.]

?).

which precede

it, is apparently
but the nature of the types indiwas intended to pass among the debased silver coins of the

wholly or almost wholly

cates ifcat

Nike

holds wreath and palm.

raised.

M-85

period.

type,

king, diad., seated

1.

t
12 108-5

C]

{Maharaja rajaraja maliatasa

devatrata Gtidapharasd)
Siva,
facing ; r. extended ; in 1., trident.

[I.

11

O.

in inscr.)

T"i~w rj^^'n ^"l'^^^

TTH^iy "l\79*..

The king r., on

horseback; holds ankus
in extended r. hand; to

10 145-8

[PI. XXII. 8.]

made

of

copper

aONDOPHARES.

No.

105

Wt.

Metal.

EeTerae.

Obverse.

Size.

(ri)

diad.,
r.

r.,

hand

Base

silver ; with inser. Sasasa,

The king,

Inscr. corrupt.

on horseback

raised; to

r.,

S.

T^\79

23 U9-8 41'9

below,

to

r.,

24 1S3-4

^85

25 138-

^8

uncertain

148-

^-8

27 129-5

^8

28 154-3

^85

29

134-9 M-9,

7 h.

l>

tt

letters.

'Y^'Y

(Sasasa).

standing

r. ;

tol.,

Similar.

r.

long sceptre

1.,

Zeus,

to L,

uncertain letter; tor.,

>

II

j>

I)

-ii

II

II

II

II

II

II

)i

II

II

II

n^i

to

r.,

J^

AjA

A.

7h

diad.,

hand advanced

below,

II

(obscure),

T7^~w

T'T^v^

(Maharajasa
*r'n'H^3*
mahatasa devatratasa (devahadasa)
Gadqpharaga) ; in ex.,

in

26

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

106

No.

(obscure).

T'Y'i^.V"! T*y"i~'^

T^TH^y
rajadirajasa

(Maharajasa
Gadajpharasa);

TTT

in ex.,
(Sasasa).
Zeus
in extended r. hand.

Mke
30 152-5 41-8

to

r.,

tol.,

1^;

tor.,

B.

[I.O.C.
31

151-8 41-85

32

150-7 41-8

I.

;i

,1

,1

>>

I!

II

2!

1.;

'

PI. XXII. 13.1

[I.

0.

C]

107

ABDAQASES,

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Keverse.

ABDAGASES.
(a)

Copper ; as King.

BACIAWC CWTHPOC A[BAAr]ACoV

Bust of the king r.,

(Tradatasa maharajasd AvadagaNike r., holding wreath and

palm.

diad.

sasa).

iE-85

[PI. XXIII. 1.]

M-i5

to

1.,

uncertain letters,

M-9

M-9

BACIA6YC

(inscr.

CWTHP....)(fi)

BasesilvBf; as King's

BASIAEYaNTnS
BA^IAEWNr AB(The
AAPA^QY
BA of Abdagases' name

iiepkev).

Tni'<;77 Y^iCX
(^Gadapharabhradaputrasa mahatajasa tradatasa Avadagasasa)i
Zeus, standing r. holds sceptre
r. hand advanced.

read sometimes as the

first letters

of

EYdNTdS
ter

BASIA;

the

which foUows

5IAEflN

is

let-

BA-

uncertain

[lorS?]). The king 1.,

on horseback ; iii front,

150-

M-85

155-5

M-9

toL, ?.

to

1.,

V^

to

r.,

Zr

[PI. XXIII. 2.]

7 il501 Jl-85

)*

)j

II

I'

II

"

1U6

No.

GREEK AKD BCiii

ST =..oii.^d

AND

INDIA.

109

ORTHAGNES.

Metal.

No.

Wt.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

OETHAGJSTES.
(a)

BACIA6VC

BACI-

MrAC
oPGArNHC Bust
AeU)N

of the king

Bronze.

1.,

."l^T

T"i~^

^V^:S

{Maharajasa rajadirajasa makatasa Gudaphara sagaba ?).* Nike

r.
holds wreath and palm.

diad.

wears torquis.

^9

tol.,

^;

tor., >F,
[PI. XXIII. 9.]

Ml 05

i>

11

^95

M-9

(last letter of

inscr. absent).

M-9
^1-05

jj

inscr.

ends

OPOAFN

MerAAOY
oPGArNoY

to

1.,

uncertain letter

Illegible inscr.

J>

))

SI

yy

to

r.,

Similar type.

Similar.

^95

tol.,

H';

tor., ^-'.

Gen. Otmningham's reading sagaba he supposes to stand for

On no. 2 of the British Musenm coins there is another
letter at the end, which looks like Q^ (rea or da), but which may be a badly

* This

sagarbha,

formed

is

'

brother.'

f.

110

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINOS OP BAOTHIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

PACOEES.
(a) Bronze.

BACIAGYC

BACI-

A6WN

MrAC

DAKOPHC

T^Jr/y TS^*-*

Bust of

the king I., -wears

quis ; behind, star.

(Maha-

rajasa rajadirajasa mahatasa Pa-

tor-

Nike

Icurasa).

1. ;

holding wreath

and palm.

^95

to

1.,

uncertain letter

to

r,,

lA,

[PI. xxiii. 8.]

^-85

11

^1-

uncertain letter

Ml-

t;

uncertain letter

MlM-9

ZElOJSriSES.
(a) Silver

CATPAPY
Z

whip

139-4

Ml-05
Ml-05

beneath,

r.,

in

bow

saddle

157-6

The king

I/IDOY

horseback

to

r.

on

type.

(^Mani'i\giblasa chhatrapasa putrasa chhatrapasa Jihuniasa). King

r., facing a City who wears mural
crown, and holds wreath and cornucopiae.

to
letters.

T-i^c

TA\Y

T7-921I

to

horseback.

y\^ yh\y

%?

/ and other

King on

hand

tied

r.,

*^

..

^
..

-,

to

r.,

.,

Tj
,,

[PI. xxiii. 4.]

[I.

0.

C]

..

Ill

ZEIONISES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Keverse.

Obverse,

Size.

(|3)

Bronze ;

types, lion

and

hull.

]AOYYIYCATPAn[
Humped

^1-

to

r.,

IduII

r. ;

above,

{[Mani^* gulaputrasa chhatrapasa

Lion r.
Jihuniasd).

to

1.,

4\

to

r.,

below,

[PI. xxiii. 5.]

Ml-

I>

?.

J>

>>

UXCEETAIN KINGS,
Bronze; square.

(a)

Greek

Illegible

King

r.,

and

sometimes
is

the

{chhatrapasa)

Lion

visible.

visible.

inscription

P\/[
T*\iA (pufrasa)

words

PA n and
XAPANIU

Indian

inscrip- Illegible

in which sometimes the word CAT-

tion

sometimes

r.

on horseback

lance couched.

^1-

^1-

^1-

^85

J)

iK'8

)i

^8

to

r.,

above, iT

ll

))

T.

* Or mahigulasa.
Zeioniaes.

mens

This

is

r.,

X
?)

3j

ff

))

7*

[PI. XXIII. 6.]

is

[L 0.

C]

)1

supposed to give us the name

The word Jihuniasa

in bronze.

to

J)

J)

of the father of

not clear on any British

Museum

speci-

GREEK AND SCTTHIO KINGS Or BACTRIA AND INDIA.

112

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

(0) Bronze; round.

M-^
8

15

16

SANABARES.

No.

Wt.

113

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

SANABAEES.
(a) Silver.

Bust of the king

1., wearing tiara of late Parthian form, and torquis;

BACIAEYC MErAC CANABA

King dressed

behind, A^ 11 (ath).

58-5

^75

in Parthian style,

on throne with back

holds bow.
seated

in front,

r.

7\

above,

FIT.

[PI. xxrii. 10.]

(j8)

Head

of the king

1.,

Bronze
diad.

Parthian

seated

M-eb

CANABAPHC

BAEIIAE

Inscr. (?)

class.

on

r.

stool

[PL

in front, Fl.

King

holds bow.

xxiii. 11.]

.^65

^6

n.

(y) Bronze

BAZIA6YZ
rupt).
1.,

^85

(cor-

Bust of the king

wearing

Baetrian

(barbarous).

class.

EANAKAPOY
holds wreath.

tiara.

[PI. XXIII. 12.]

Nike

r.,

114

No.

GBEEE AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND

INDIA.

BASILEUS SOTER MEGAS.

No.

115

GEBEK AND SOYTHIO KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

116

No.

Wt.

Metal.

ObTsrse.

Size.

Keverse.

Bust of the king

to

r.,

diad. j

r.,

'^'.

]BACrA[WN]CaJTHPM[
Zeus, standing 1. ; holds in
thunderbolt over altar; in

r.

hand,

1.,

scep-

tre.

23

M-7

M-1

25

M-1

(inscr.

Bust of the king 1., wearing crested helmet ; in

r.
hand, lance
lillet
:

BACIAEYWM

).

[PI. XXIV. 5.]

BACIAV BACIAVW[N
CjvuTHP MrAC

horseback

r.,

King on

holding ankus

to

border.

26

^95

27

^95

to

1.,

>j

-^

)>

to

r.,

"^

))

[I.

?)

0. C.

PI. XXIV. 6.]

HEEAtJS (EEAtJS).
(a) Silver,

Bust of the king

r.,

diad.

fillet-border.

TY/ANNdYNTdC H/AnY
ZAM A Md/ZANqY* The
king

r.,

quiver
]S"ike r.,

184 '4

^1-2

in field
* As

r.,

on horseback; bow and

to saddle; Jbehind,
crowning him.

tied

[PI. xxiv. 7.]

to this legend, sec Introduction.

HYECODBS.

No.

117

118

No.

GEBEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

UNCERTAIN KINGS.

No.

119

120

No.

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTEIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

Reverse.

Obverse.

HEEMAEUS AND KADPHI8ES

(a)

M-9

10

Copper

type of

rev.,

Herdkles.

I.

HERMAEUS AND KADPHISBS.

...

121

122

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse,

KADPHISES
(a)

r.,

Copper ; type, Herahles.

Bust of

Inscr. as below.

Hermaeus

I.

diad.

Jcasasa

kushanayavugasa dhra{dhay

mathidasa). Herakles, facing, diad.

holds in r. hand, club; in L, lion's
skin.

^95 KaPCNAKoZDVAn-

KAA^ilZaV
iE-95

KnznVADKAAcpl-

in field,

^85

KDPDMAKDZaVAa

y *1

MDKAActllCHOH

AAcplZ

[I.

C]

0.

iE-9

^9

[I.

Zav

^9

*1

0. C. PI. xxv.

(inscr. varied).

[PI. xxv. 4.J

(inscr. varied),

uncertain letter.

)J

ctilZQVKaAL

iE-9

K.ZQYAaKAA ZV

^85

inscr.

blundered.

it.
X.

3.]

[I.

0.

C]

[I.

0.

C]

J>

KADAPHES.

No.

123

124:

Nd.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BiCTRIA AND INDIA,

;;

KADPHISES

No,

Wt.

Metal.

125

11.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BACIAEYCOOH MO
KAA<1)ICHC

Simi-

king wears diadem,

but not helmet.
lar,

^\

T^^^'-''5'

(Maha.

rajana rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himalmpisasa

tradata), last letters obscure. Siva
facing, wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident
in r. hand; behind him bull i
to

123-2

1.,

^75
Same

Similar.

PI. XXV. 8.]

0. C.

[I.

letters

(last

inscr.

obscure).

Siva facing, head 1. ; holds in r.

hand, trident and battle-axe combuied; in 1., gourd j tiger-skin on
arm ; hair arranged in spiral
1.

form
120-

to

^7

I.,

Xy

[I.

Same

',

0.

to

r.,

1^

C]

Tipper part Similar

inscr.

of the king

emerging
from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-

mounted

1.,

by

trident

holds in r. hand, clab

in 1., elephant-goad ; to
[I.

122-

Q. C.

PI. XXV. 9.]

121-2

Same

Tipper part Similar.

inscr.

of the king r., emerging

from clouds, wears diadem and helmet sur-

mounted
holds in
tol.,

121-2 i^-85
122-4

^8

T?.

by
r.

trident

hand, club
[I.

0.

C."]

126

No.

GREEK AND 8CYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND

Wt.

INDIA.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

BACIAEYC00H[ MO
Head

KAA<|)ICHC

wearing helmet and diadem; within

of king

r.,

square frame.

10

30-5

to

1.,

to

r.,

3^?

[PI. XXV. 10.]

BACIACVC

Silver ; type, king standing.

BACI-

MrAC

A(jON

oohMO KAAI>IChC The king standing

wearing diadem

1.,

and helmet,
at altar

to

sacrificing

trident

I.,

and axe combined;

club and

56-5

bined

W-45

(/8)

11

{Maharaja rajadiraja hima TcapiTrident and battle-axe com-

sasa).

tor.,

'n

Ml

[I.

[This coin, which

is

{Maharajasa rajadira-^

1,

jasa sarvaloga iwara mahisvara

Siva
himakapisasa tradata).
facing; wears headdress and drapery over shoulder ; holds trident
in r. hand ; behind, him, bull r.

0. C.

PI. XXV. 11.]

quite genuine, is the only

known specimen

of the class in silver.]

Copper ; type, king standing.

(y)

[Inscription on both sides varied

and incomplete in various

specimens.]

BACIAVC
ACjON

BACI-

CWTHP
OOHMO

MrAC

KAA<I>ICHC
king
altar

1.,
;

to

1.,

trident

axe combined; to

and

12

13

^M
^M

^.

The

sacrificing

r.,

at

and
club

"I

Tn^

^v-')J.

(^Maha.

rajasa rajadirajasa, sarvaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa himakapisasa

tradata).
Siva facing, holding
trident ; drapery hanging at his

back ; behind him, bull ; to

[I.

O. C.

1.,

PI. XXV. 12.]

X^.

KADPHISES

Wt.

127

II.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BACIA6VC

BACI-

CCDTHP

AOaN

OOHMO

MrAC

KAA<|)ICHC
king
altar

The

sacrificing

1.,

to

1.,

trident

at

and

axe combined; to r.,club

and

^1-05

^LXT^^Tj ^'f'

(Maha.

rajasa rajadirajasa, sanaloga isvarasa mahisvarasa Mmakapisasa

Siva facing, holding
tradata).
trident ; drapery hanging at his

back

behind him, buU ; to

1.,

l^f

[I.O.C]

^1-1
^1-1
^1-05

^1-25

(twice struck).

Ml^1-05

^1-1

M 1-05
^1-15
Ml-l'o

^1-1

^1-

in inscr. T\~\'2^ betveeen second

and third words.

GEEEK ANB SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA,

128

No.

27

28

35

Wt.

Metal.
Size.

iE-85

Obverse.

Beverse.

129

KANERKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.
Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

KANEEKES.
Gold ;

(a)

BACIA6YC

inscription, /Saa-iXivs /Sao-iXeW.

CAAHNH

BACI

AWN

KANHP-

KOY The king L,

wearing helmet and diadem, clad in coat and
trousers,

and

cloak, sa-

from

holds in

1.

round waist

1.,

hand, spear.

121-8 j;r-8

[I.

Bronze

(j8)

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 1.]

inscription, /SacrtXeis /JatrtXeW.

BACI HAIOC

BACIAYC

KANHP-

A(ON

KOY

to

flames
shoulders

crificing at altar
rise

Selene* (male) L,
and himation;
crescent behind shoulders ; r. hand
advanced ; holds in 1. long sceptre,
bound with fiUet ; sword girt
diad., clad in chiton

The king

as

Helios 1., diad., clad in

chiton and himation ; radiate disk

behind head

above.
I.

^9

on hip

[I.

to

0. C.

r.

1.,

hand advanced

tJ

PI. XXVI. 2.J

M-9

NANAIA

Similar.

Nanaia

r.,

nimbate and

holds in r. hand sceptre

ending in forepart of horse ; to
diad.

M-9

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 3.]

M-85

M-9
* The figure
inscribed

of Selene is identical -with that

MAO

it is

which appears on the coin

that of a male moon-deity.

;:

130

No.

GEEEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

(y)

Gold

inscription,

PAONANOPAOKA
NhPKIKoPANO
The king standing

PAON ANO

A0PO

Bearded deity,

1.,

dem, clad in coat and

trousers,
and cloak
flames rise from his
shoulders ; he holds in

tion ;
in 1.,
tol.,

fire-god,

1.,

clad in' chiton and himaholds in r. hand, wreath

diad.,

wearing helmet and dia-

&c.

which

rests

on

hip, tongs;

^.

hand elephant-goad
over altar ; in his 1.,
spear ;
sword at his
r.

Tvaist.

122-8

[PI. XXVI. 4.]

121-9
27-7

Similar.

PI. XXVI. 5.]

APAOXPO

Female figure r., wearing modius and nimbate, clad in

chiton and himation ; holds cornucopiae

13

O. C.

[I.

to

122-8 -^-8

r.,

^J

[PI. XXVI. 6.]

Similar.

A Poo AC no

Bearded deity

r.,

diad., clad in sleeved tunic; holds in

r.

r.,

hand, wreath

beside him, horse

saddled, trotting

120-2

io\.,X$

[PI. XXVI. 7.]

122

(same die).

(same die).

Simil9,r.

BOAAO

[I.

0.

C]

Buddha, facing, nimbate,

and himation; r.
advanced ; in 1., wallet

clad in chiton

hand

tor, ty.
16

109-2

^-8

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVI. 8.]

;;

KANEBKES.

No.

Wt.

131

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

MAO

PAONANOPAOKA
NhPKIKoPANO
The king standing

Male

(moon-god) 1.,
and himation

deity

diad., clad in chiton

behind

crescent

].,

shoulders

hand advanced; holds in

sceptre, bound with fiUet

wearing helmet and. diadem, clad in coat and

and cloak
flames rise from his
shoulders ; he holds in
r.
hand elephant-goad
trousers,

girt

round waist

to

r.

long

sword

\f

1.,

1.,

over altar ; in his 1.,

spear;
sword at his
waist.

17 121 9

.^75

18 122-3

N-8

[PL

9.]

(no sword).

Similar.

MIPO

Mithras, diad. and with

radiate disk,

to

1. ;

hand ad-

i.

vanced ; in 1., sceptre bound with

fillet ;
sword girt round waist
19 118-

to

^8
Similar.

20 122-3

1.,

X^

PO

Mithras, to

vanced

waist

to

N-8

1.

1.

rests

t5

1.

r.

on hip

hand adsword at

[PI. XXVI. 10.]

Similar.

NANA

Nanaia r., nimbate and

head surmounted by crescent ; holds sceptre ending in
forepart of horse, and patera;
diad.,

to r,

21

123-2 Jf-8

Similar.

NANAPAO
Nanaia

22 120-3

30-2

to

Similar
r.,

(sword at waist).

23 122-2
24

^5

XJ

figure

of

[PL xxvi.

[I.O. C.

PL

11.]

XXVI. 12.]

132

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

;;

;
;

133

KANERKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse,

Obverse.

Size.

Later period.

A]PAOKPO
PAO NANOPA[0
[KA]NHPKOKOPANO on throne,
The king standing
altar,

nimbate

1.

at

holds

r.

hand over altar in 1.,

spear bound with fillet
to ]., trident bound with

footstool

nucopiae

Goddess, seated facing

nimbate ; tinder
holds wreath and
to

feet,

cor-

1.,

fillet.

33

30-6

^5
(S)

PAOKA NhPKI

Bronze;

The

king, clad as in last class,

standing
holds in
r.

by altar
hand spear

1.
1.

extended over

PI. XXVI. 19.]

[I.

0. C.

inscr.

PAO

A0PO
r.

Sfe.

Bearded deity

hand, wreath

on

hip, tongs

(?)

in

to

1.

holds in

which

1.,

1.,

rests

altar.

[PI. XXVII. l.J

34
35

Ml-

36

iEl-05

inscr. barbarous.

OAYOBOY

Similar.

Buddha

facing,

nim-

CAKAMA

bate: his r. hand

raised as in teaching ; in 1., wallet
to

37

^85

38

^9

1.,

[PI. XXVII. 2.]

[I.

0.

C]

M AO

Male deity 1., clad as king

crescent behind shoulders; r. hand
advanced ; in 1., long sceptre

Similar.

bound with

fiUet:

sword

IXU

to

39

^1-05

40

^1-05

41

-85

king nimbate

to

1,,

fj

1.,

t7
[PL XXVII.

3.]

deity does not hold sceptre.

at waist:

134

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA,

KANEBKES.

No.

135

GEEEK AND 8CYTHI0 KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA,

136

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

HOOEEKES.
(a)

PAONANOPAOO
Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds
is diad. and nimbate
wears

conical

Gold.

A0OPO

Hephaestus standing r.,

flames rising from shoulders
holds hammer and tongs ; to r.,

helmet

and coat of mail holds

ear of corn and spear.*
;

121-5

^8

[PI, XXVII. 8.]

PAONANOP AOOOh AGPO

PKIKO
123-5

Similar.

SimUar.

W-85

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO

Similar

symbol to

1.

Similar.

120-9

^-85

SunUar.

APAIXPO

Sun-god L, diad. and

with radiate disk ; r. hand advanced, and two fingers raised ; 1.
rests

123-5

^-85

122-8 A'

on hip

to

1.,

5t

[PI. ixvii. 9.]

-9

[I.

It

has been judged imneoessai-y

to describe at

king's coBtome in this and other coins.

0.

C]

length the details of the

HOOKKKES.

No.

Wt.

137

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

ReTerae,

PAONANOPAO oo
hPKIKoPANO

APAOXPO
Greek

Upper

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds
diaJ.
and
nimbate
wears conical helmet

Female deity

attire ;

cornucopiae

r.,

in

holds in both hands

to

r.,

JQ

and coat of mail ; holds

ear of corn and spear.
6

124-5 Jf-8

7 122

[PI. xxvii. 10.]

.^85

8 122-5 Jf-8
9

10

122-4 J^-8
58-3

to

r,, fire (?).

^8

(plated)

W-85

inscr.

12 123-5

W-85

type

30-6

^55

11

13

122-

inscr.

APAOXPA.
and symbol

1.,

PAONANO OOh

PAONANO PAOO

[1.

[I. 0.

to

1.

C]

[I. 0.

C]

0. e.]

Similar.

OhPKIKOPANO
Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of

com and
14 122-5

elephant-goad,

W-85

15 120-7

deity with modius and nimbus,

inscr.

OYOhPKI

for inscr.

O^OASA-

OOhPKI.
le 120-6 J^-8
17

type

1.,

and symbol

to

1.

deity with modius and nimbus.

30 6 Jf'5

[PI. XXVII. 11.]

PAONANOPAO
oohPKOKOPANO

Similar.

Deity with modius and

nimbus.

The king

r., riding on
elephant ; holds sceptre
and elephant-goad.

181120-9 jV-8

[PL XXVII.

12.1

GREEK AND SCYTHIO KINGS OP BACTBIA AND

138

No.

Wt.

Metal.

obscure.
part of king

Upper

Inscr.

1.,

INDIA.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

. ;

emerg-

AOXPO

Female

figure

1.,

nimbate

holds wreath and comucopiae

to

ing from clouds, diad.

9rears

rounded helmet;

holds ear of corn and

elephant-goad.

19 122-6

^8

[PL

XXVII. 13.]

20 123-3 'n-8

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO

MIOPO

Female deity r., diad. and

nimbate, in Greek attire; holds

Upper

comucopiae in both hands

1.,

^-

part of the king

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
wears conical hehnet
and chlamys "over ar-

mour; holds
corn and spear.
21

123-

^8

com and

hPAKIAO
king

Bearded Heracles 1.,

naked; holds in r. hand, club;
over

Upper

part of the king

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of
,

com and

-75

to

1.,

in

1.

[PI. XXVII. 15.]

1.

.AT

arm, lion's skin;

spear.

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKOPANO

24 112-7

1.

hand, apple

.AT -8

W-8

r..

[PI. XXVII. 14.]

seated cross-legged to
1., diad. and nimbate
;
flames rising from shoulders ; -wears conical helmet, and holds ear of

23 125-5

to

of

ear

PAONAr/oPA
OOOhPKI The

22 123-3

MAAChNO

Male deity (Mahisend) facing, nimbate and diad.,

clad in coat and chlamys ; holds
in r. hand, standard surmounted

by bird ; in

L,

sword

to

1.,

elephant-goad.
fl.

O. C.

PI. xxvii. 16.]

HOOERKBS.

No.

Wt.

139

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

BeTerse.

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO
Upper

part of the king

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of
1.,

com and elephant-goad.

MANAOBAPO

Moon-god

facing,

seated on throne; feet resting on

footstool ; wears helmet ; crescent
behind shoulders ; has four arms
and hands, in three of which he
grasps sceptre, wreath ? and fire 1,
fourth hand rests on hip ; to r..

^.
N-1b

25

122

26

122-5 AT

[PI. xxvii. 17.]

-8

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO

wreath

1.,

waist

ear of

122-3

Moon-god L,

com and

crescent behind
clad in coat ; holds
and sceptre; sword at

shoulders

Upper

part of the king

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and
nimbate
wears conical helmet
and coat of mail ; holds

27

M AO

to

[PI. XXVII. 18.]

M AO

Similar.

Moon-god 1.,

shoulders

chlamys

29

123-2 A" -8

MAO
in

122-6

r.

hand

[I.

Similar.

30

crescent behind
in chiton and
holds
sword in 1. ;

clad

wreath in
122-2 A^-86

1.,

spear.

A'' -85

28

^85

1. ;

[I.

PAONANOP
AOOOhPKO

MAO
Similar

0.

to

^.

1.,

C]

Moon-god 1. ; holds sceptre

r. hand advanced ; to 1.,

PL

0. C.

Moon-god

tended

in

1.,

XXVII. 19.]

r,

1.;

sword

hand

to

1.,

type.

31

30-2 AT -5

[I.

0. C.

PI. XXVII. 20.]

ex-

7^

GREEK AND

140

No.

Wt.

AND

SOi'THIO KINGS OP BACTEIA

Metal.

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKlKoPANO

INDIA.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

MAO
in

1.

Upper

Moon-god
hand ;

to

holds sceptre

1. ;

1.,

part of the king

1. emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet, and chlamys
over armour ; holds ear

of com
goad.

32 120"

and elephant-

^9
Similar,

MAO
in

121-2

r.

Moon-god
hand

^8

to

1.

holds sceptre

1.,

[PI. XXVII. 21.]

122-5

[I.

Similar.

MAO

Moon-god

tended

C]

0.

1.;

r.

hand ex-

in

1.,

sceptre, held trans-

versely; to

1.,

5^.

122-4 iir-75
121-2

sceptre

121-2 N--8
123-

hound with

(inscr.

Similar.

M AO

[PI. XXVII. 22.]

i;r-85

fillet.

MAOO).
Moon-god

tended

r.

1. ;

sword in

1.

to

hand
1.,

ex-

122-8 iV-85
121-4 N'-S

(inscr.

Similar.

MAO

MAOO).
Moon-god

r.,

in r, hand, wreath

to

411 122-

^--8

r.,

diad.; holds
in 1., sceptre

^.
[PI. XXVII. 23.]

, .

141

HOOEEKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKOPANo

Bearded moon-god r., diad. ; crescent

behind shoulders; holds in r. hand,
Upper part of the king
sceptre, bound with fillet ; in 1..
elephant-goad: and sun-god 1., ra]., emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
diate;' r. hand advanced;- in 1.,
helmet, and chlamys
sceptre, bound with fillet ; behind
and
over armour ; holds ear
the two, the names
of corn and elephantbetween
PO respectively
1

MAO

goad.
,

them,

42 121-1 j;r-s

[PI. xxvii. 24.]

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKKOPANO
Upper

part of the king

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
flames
rising
from
shoulders
wears conical helmet ; holds ear

PO

Sun-god

and

wreath
waist

to

1.,

nimbate ; holds
sword at
;

sceptre

pQ

I.,

1.,

of corn

43 123-

i^-85

44 122-3

^-85
Similax

45 123-

and

no

spear.

flames.

MOPO
wreath

Sun-god 1., radiate ; holds

and sceptre ; sword at

waist

to

^8

to

1.,

[I.

; king holds standard instead of spear.

MiOPO

0.

C]

Sun -god 1., diad. and

nimbate; holds wreath and sword;
to

122-8 J^-8.

Sun-god 1., radiate holds

wreath and sceptre, bound with

^8
Simila,r

47

J^

MIOPO
fiUet

121-7

1.,

[PI. XXVIII. l.J

Similar.

46

1.,

142

No.

;;

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTBIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

Beverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO

MIYPO

Sun-god

radiate

Upper

part of the king

1., emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
wears conical helmet
holds ear of corn and

to

1.,

1 1

PO

and

diad.

1.,

holds wreath and sword

5Q

spear.

48 122-2

^9

Similar.

Sun-god

spear and sword

49 121-3 iir-85

[I.

PAOOOh

Similar.

50

^5

OOOhPKI

PL xxvm.

0. C.

PL

Sun-god

XXVIII. 3.]

L, radiate

wreath and sceptre

to L,

of the king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of

com and

[L 0.

PAONANOPAOOY
OhPKIKOPANO
Similar.
.AT -8

122-8

^8

5.3

PAONANOPAO
OOhPKIKOPANO
54

122-2

N-85

MIOPO

holds

C]

Sun-god

1.,

radiate;

r.

hand holds spear ; L grasps sword

tol.,

^.
[I. 0.

Similar.

elephant-goad.

30-7 i^-55

52 120-8

holds

2.]

part

51

^.

M lOPO
TJpper

r.,

Sun-god I., nimbate; r.

hand advanced ; in 1., sceptre

[I.

PAONANOPA

to

MYPO
toL,

30-2

0. C.

radiate

r.,
;

C]

MIOPO

Sun-god
hand holds spear ;
sword at waist ; to

[PL

L, radiate;
r.
1.,

rests

XXVIII. 4.]

on hip

HOOBRKES.

No.

143

144

No,

;;;

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

Wt.

Metal.

ReverBe.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAO
oohPKIKoPANO
Upper part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds;
diad.
and
nimbate
wears conical helmet

OMI/\
diate

Sun-god advancing L, ra^

r. hand advanced ; 1. holds

sword

to

1.,

holds ear of corn and

spear.

26-

N-5

69

28-8

70

30-2 J^-55

[I.

PAONANoPAooo
hPKKoPANp
Upper

part of king I.,

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
flames rise from shoulders ; wears conical helmet; holds ear of corn

and
71

122-3

C]

[I. 0.

HPO

0. C.

PI, xsviii. 6.]

(MIPO?)

Artemis stand-

ing r., clad in long chiton and

himation ; holds in 1. hand, bow
and with r., draws arrow from
quiver

to

r.,

p^

spear.

W-85

[PI. xxvni. 7.]

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO
Upper

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
wears conical helmet
holds ear of corn and

NANA

Nanaia 1., wears stephane

holds sceptre, ending in forepart
of horse,

and patera

to

1.,

"J^

spear.

72

121-7

^-8

[PI. xxviii. 8.]

Similar.

73

124-

W-85

74

123-

^85

75

121-3 W^-85

NANO

Nanaia

bate;

crescent

sceptre

and patera
[I.

king's

name

OOhPKO
ohPKO.

inscr.

NANA.

diad. and nimon head; holds

r.,

0.

to

r.,

J^

C]
[I.

0.

C]

145

HOOBEKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKOPANO
Upper

part of king L,
emerging from clouds,
diacl.
and nimbate
wears conical hehnet

holds ear of

NANO

Nanaia

bate

crescent

sceptre

and nimon head ; holds

r., diad,.

and patera ;

to

r.,

com and

spear.

76 122-9

^8

king holds double ear of

[PI. XXVIII. 9.]

com.*
77 122-5

^-85

king's

name

80 122-6

^85

0.

[I.

OOhPK

78 121-2 Jf-S5
79 122-5

OOh PKO

C]

inscr. barbarous.

-8

[I.

0.

C]

PAONANOPAOO
NANA
OhPKOKoPANOPAO bate

N"anaia r., diad. and nimcrescent on head ; sword

at waist; holds sceptre and patera;
;

King seated cross-legged

on clouds, head r., diad.
and helmeted ; holds in
1., standard, surmounted

by
81

120-8

82 119-5

tor.,

?J.

bird.

^85

^8

[I. 0. C.

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO
Upper part

of the king
emerging from clouds,
diad.
wears rounded
J
helmet ; holds ear of
1.,

NANAPAO

PI. XXVIII. 10.]

E"anaia

r.,

diad.

and

nimbate; crescent on head; sword

at waist; holds sceptre
to

r.,

and patera;

5?

corn and elephant-goad.

83 118-8
84 151-3

[I.

0.

* This specimen proves that the object in the king's

com, and not a club as

it

C]
r.

hand

is

an ear

has usually been supposed to be.

of

146

No.

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OP BACTEU AND INDIA,

;;

H7

HOOERKBS.

No.

wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKEKOPANO
Upper

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
wears conical helmet
flames rising from shoul-

95 122

A^-85

96 121-7

^8

and

spear.

Nike standing 1.
holds wreath and trophy-stand, as
on coins of Alexander ;

to

r.,

PQ

com

holds ear of

ders

OANINAA

[PI. XXTIII. 13.]

inscr.

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKOPANO
Upper part

of king 1.,
emerging from clouds,
diad.

flames

rising

from shoulders j wears

rounded helmet ; holds
ear of corn and ele-

OANINAO

OKPO

Siva

1.,

nimbate

wears

necklace, and has four arms and

hands, in which are (1) vase and
elephant-goad, (2) thunderbolt, (3)
trident, (4) goat; to

1.,

^,

phant-goad.

97 122-7

^-8

98 121-5

^-8

99 1201

W-8

[PI. xxviii. 14.J

[I.

Inscr. barbarous.

Similar

0.

C]

OKPO

Siva 1., with four arms and

hands, in which are (1) wreath,
(2) 1
(3) trident, (4) goat ; to 1.,
,

^.
100 123-

A^-85

PAONANOPA
OOhPK Upper

OKPA
part

king 1., emerging

from clouds, diad. and
nimbate; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear ol
corn and standard surmounted by bird.
of

101 122-2 iV-85l

Siva facing, three-headed ;

has four arms and hands, in which
are vase, thunderbolt, trident,

club; to

1.,

5^.

[PI. XXTIII. 15.]

and

148

No.

GBEEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

;;

HOOBEKES.

No.

Wt.

149

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Inscr. otscure.

Reverse.

Upper part PI

emerging from
clouds,
diad. ;
wears
rounded helmet holds

of king

1.,

DM
r.,

Eoma

or Pallas standing

wearing helmet and long chiton;

holds spear and shield; tor.,

fy

ear of corn and elephantgoad.

109 123-5 ^85

[PI. xxTiii. 20.]

PAONANOPA

CAPAFlO

standing

Sarapis

ooYohPKIKop

diad.

Similar.

hand advanced

and clad in himation

in

1.,

1.,
;

r.

sceptre

tol., 5^.

110 123-1

^85

[PI. XXVIII.

111 121-6 jV-85

[I.

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO
Upper

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of
corn and elephant-goad.

BIZAro

Skanda and Visakha*

standing face to face, nimbate

each wearing chlamys and necklace, and sword at waist ;
but
Skanda holds in r. hand, standard
surmounted by bird; Visakha
holds in 1. hand, spear; between

them,

112 123-

C]

0.

CKANAOKO M
APO

21.J

^.

^-8

[PI. XXVIII. '22.]

113 121-3 jsr-8

Similar; last letter of inscr.

wanting.

CKANAOKOMAPO B IZAPO
Skanda and Visakha standing face
nimbate Skanda holds in
r. hand, standard
Visakha holds
in 1. hand, spear ; between them,
to face,

114

31-

^-5

[I.

0. C.

Bou and impersonation of Skanda.

PI. xxTiii. 23.]

See Introduction.

;;
;

GREEK AND SOYTHIC KINGS OF BACTRIA AND INDIA.

150

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Eeverse.

ObverBe.

Size.

CKANAOK OMAPOMA AC h

PAONANOPAOO
ohPKIKoPANO

NOBIZAFO

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet; holds ear of
com and elephant-goad.

115 121-

Niche on

basis,

within which, Skanda and Visakha standing as above ; between

them, Mahasena, homed(l), facing,
nimbate, clad in chlamysj sword

Upper

at waist

J^-8

to

1.,

[PI. ixTiii. 24.]

PAONANPAOO
ohKIKOPANO
Upper

part of king 1.,

emerging from clouds,
diad.
and nimbate
wears conical helmet

holds ear of

A PPO

Male deity 1., head winged;

clad in coat ; holds in r. hand,
fire; 1. grasps sword at waist; to 1.,

<l>

^.

com and

spear.

116 123-2

^8

0. C.

[I.

hPKIKOPANO
Upper part of king

1.,

emerging from clouds,

diad.
and
nimbate
flames rise from shoulders wears conical helmet ; holds ear of corn
and standard.

<l>

PI. xxTiii. 25.]

A PPO

Male deity 1., head winged,

flames rising from shoulders ; wears coat and chlamys
holds in r. hand, fire ; 1. grasps
diad.

sword

at waist

to

1.,

p^

117

122-4:

^85

PAONANOPAO

l>APPO

oohPKIKoPANO
Upper part of king

1.,

emerging from clouds,

diad.
and
nimbate
wears conical helmet
holds ear of com and
standard surmounted by
bird.

118

121-6^-8

Similar

deity nimbate.

151

HOOEBKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reyerae

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKoPANO
King

as last

<|)APO Male deity 1., head winged,

nimbate; wears coat and chlamys;
r. hand advanced
in 1., long scepholding ear
;

of corn and spear.

119 123-4

tre;

sword at waist; to

^8

[I.

Same

inscr.

King as

holding ear of

last

Male deity 1., nimbate;

flames rising from shoulders; holds
in extended r. hand, iire ; in 1.,
sceptre

[PI. XXTIII. 26.]

inscr.

fore

King

holding

as be-

ear

<l>

A PPO

Male deity r., head winged,

nimbate

of

corn and spear.

sceptre

N-8

clad

and

fire

coat

in
to

r.,

holds

[PI. XXVIII. 27.]

Same

inscr.'!

fore

ear of

King

holding

com and

as be-

double
spear.

<l>

A PPO

Male deity 1. head winged,

nimbate ;
clad
in
coat
and
chlamys; hoJds purse and caducous

122 122-4 Jf-8

to

1.,

^
[I.

PAONANOPA
ooohPKKoPA
King as
ear of

<|>APO

C]

0.

Similar figure; holds purse'

and long sceptre

to

1.,

before ; holding

com and

JQ

spear.

123 123-5 J7'-8

[PI. XXTIII. 28.]

PAONANOPAOOO
hPKIKoPANO
Similar.

124 121-5 4^-8

to L,

^-8
Same

121 123-3

C]

<l>APPO

com and

sceptre.

120 121-2

0.

^.

1.,

<l>APPO Male deity r., head winged,

diad. and nimbate ; clad in coat
holds sceptre and elephant-goad
tol., '^.
[PI. XXTIII. 29.]

;;

GEEEK AND SOYTHIO, KINOS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

152

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAO
oohPKOKoP
Upper

part

,of

king

Male deity 1., nim-

Inscr. barbarous.

bate
I.,

in

1.,

emerging from clouds,

diad.
and
nimbate ;
wears rounded helmet;

in extended

sword; to

hand,

r.

fire

^.

1.,

holds ear of corn and

standard.

125 124-1

N-85

PAONANOPAoo
OhPKIKOPANO

<|>APO Male deity

nimbate holds in
;

Upper

part of king ].,

emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet
holds ear of

in

1.,

sceptre

to

1.,

r.

head winged,
hand, wreath

y^

1.,

corn and elephant-goad.

126 121-2

^-8
Similar.

<l>

A PPO

Male deity r. head winged,

r. hand rests on hip
in
*
,

nimbate

IIP

sceptre; to

1.,

r.,

^,

0.

C]

127 122-0

128 121-7

[I.

129 122-2

130

33-3

131

27

inscr.

<|>APO

[I.

Similar

0. C.

<|>APO
on hip

PI.

XXTIIL 30.]

Male deity
;

in

r.,

1. ;

sceptre

1.

hand
to

1.,

rests

^_

132 123-3 Jf-75

133 121-4

N-8

,134 122-1 J^-8

inscr.

<|>APPO
0<1A<I>.

[I.

0.

C]

(sword at waist).

HOOERKES.

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Beverse.

PAONANOPAOO
OhPKIKOPANO
part of king 1.,
emerging from clouds,
diad. ; wears rounded
helmet ; holds ear of

^8

Male deity 1., head winged,

nimbate, standing on fire ; holds
in r. hand, fire ; in 1., sceptre ; to

<|>APO

Upper

135 120-8

153

corn and elephant-goad.

Male deity 1., head winged,

nimbate, standing on fire ; r. hand
extended ; in 1., caduceus ; to 1.,

<l>APPO

Similar.

136 120
137 122-4

^8

COPON

Similar.

Male deity 1., bearded,

modius and himation

wearing
r.

hand advanced

sceptre

138 122

PI. XXVIII. 31.J

[L 0. C.

Jf-8

to

1.,

in

long

1.,

[PI. XXVIII. 32.]

139 122-2 jr-8

[I.

{j3)

Bronze ;

type,

King on

PAONANO PAOOO- A0PO

in
hPKNOPANO*
r.

The king

r.,

diad.

and

0.

C]

elephant.

Male deity

tongs; tol.,

nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and

diad.

1.,

hand, wreath

holds

and in

I.,

^.

elephant-goad.

140

Ml-

141

^1-15

142

Ml* This msoription cannot be read entire on any single specimen and
specimens are blundered or barbarous but the formula in the text
;

many

seems

to

be the normal and usual one.

154

No.

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OP BACTRIA AND INDIA.

;; ;

..

HOOEBKES.

No.

Wt.

155

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

PAONANO PAOOO M AO
holds
hPKNOPANO
The

-king

r.,

diad.

and

to

Female deity 1., nimbate

in both hands, cornucopiae

"5^

1.,

nimbate, riding on elephant holds spear and

elephant-goad.
;

153

iEl-05

MIIOPO

Similar,

Sun-god

hand extended
sword

155

^1Ml-

156

iE-95

154

to

Xy

1.,

[I.

(inscr.

Barbarous inscr.
elephant to 1.

157

King on

radiate; r.
grasps
1.

1.,

with

0.

C]

MIlPO).

MPPO?

Sun-god 1., nimbate;

hand extended ; in 1., sceptre
;

r.

to

Ml-

PAONANO PAOOOhPKNOPANO
The kiag

r.,

diad.

and

O K PO

Siva standing 1. , four armed

holds wreath, thunderbolt, trident,

and goat

to

nimbate, riding on elephant ; holds spear and

elephant-goad.

158

^1-05

159

^1

1.,

(Siva holds in fourth hand, vase).

[PI. xxix. 3.]
Similar.

O KPO

Siva standing 1., two armed

holds in r. hand, trident ; in 1.,

vase and lion's skin

160

M105

161

Ml-

162

M-9

163

M-85

164

M-95

1651

M-95

to

r.,

(?)

y
[I.

0.

C]

to

I.,

GREEK AND fiCTlklC KINGS OP BACTEIA AND INDIA.

156

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Beverse.

(y) Bronze

King

type,

seated.

PAONANOPAO
A9 PO Male deity
OOhPKNOPANO* in extended hand;

holds wreath

1. ;

to

r.

King

'

seated
in

head

facing,

cross-legged

cusliions,

166

body

1.,

^.

r.,

on

radiate

hand, sceptre.

1.

^1Kiag, head and Similar.

Inscr.

body

radiate,

seated

facing on throne.

167

^1-

168

^1King

Inscr.
facing,

head

holds in

169

seated;

APAOXP

Female deity

comucopiae

hand, sceptre.

to

1. ;

holds

1.,

JE-

Inscr.

170

1.

nimbate,
r.,

King nimbate,

r.,

reclining.

MS

King

Inscr.

in

seated cross-

on
cushions,
facing, head r., head
and body radiate; 1.
hand raised.
legged

171

Ml-

172

Ml-

173

Ml-

174

M-95

175

M-8

AP]AOXP
r.

MAO

1.,

(?)

to

1.,

holds

Moon-god 1., crescent behind

; r. hand advanced ; with

shoulders
1.

grasps sword

[I.

in

Female deity L

hand, sceptre

0. C.

to

PL

1.,

xirx.

4.]

sceptre.

On

coins of this class the inscription is even

those of the last; sometimes, however,

it

ends

more debased

thaoi on

00|-|PKKOPANO

157

HOOBEKBS.

No.

wt.

Metal.

Reverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANOPAO
M AO Moon-god crescent behind
shoulders
hand advanced with
OOhPKNOPANO
1.,

King

seated

cross-

1.

r.

grasps sword

to

1.,

legged, facing, head r.,

nimbate ; holds in each
hand, staff or sword.

176

^9
Inscr.

body
177

^1-

178

^1-

179

^1-

King, head and Similar.

radiate, half reclin-

ing, facing,

on throne.

(inscr. retrograde).

180
181

[I.

[PI. xxii. 5.]

C]

0.

M-9
King, with head
nimbate,
body

MIOPO

seated cross-legged, facing, on cushions; in

sword

Inscr.

and

1.

182

Ml-

183

Ml-

184

M-8

Sun-god 1., radiate; r.

hand advanced
with 1. grasps
;

to

1.,

hand, -sceptre.
[I.

(king not nimbate).

O.

C]

(deity holds wreath in

[PL XXIX.
185

r.).

6.]

M-d5
Inscr.

King, with body Similar.

half reclining,
facing on throne, flames
on shoulders.
radiate,

186

Ml-l

187

Ml-

188

Ml-

189

M-85

190

M-85

(deity holds sceptre, not sword).

(inscr.

MIIOPO).

(deity holds wreath in

r.).

GREEK AND SCYTHIC KINGS OF B40TRIA AND INDIA.

158

No.

Wt.

Metal.

Beverse.

Obverse.

Size.

PAONANoPAo
oohPKKOPANO

NANA

Nanaia

sceptre; to

r.,

King, with head nim-

r.j

nimbate ; holds

^.

bate and body radiate,

seated facing, head r.,
cross-legged on cushions;
holds in 1. hand, sceptre.

191

^1-05

[I.

0.

C]

OKPO

Siva facing, nimbate, head

has four arms and hands, in
which he holds a wreath, a thunderbolt, a trident and a vase
to

Similar,

1. ;

192

^1-05

193

^9
Inscr.

King, with head Similar.

and body
reclining,

radiate, half

facing,

on

throne.

194

^1-

195

^1-

196

Ml-

197

[I.

0. C.

PL

xxrx. 7.]

(Siva holds goat in fourth hand).

(Siva grasps sword in fourth hand).

BAZODEO (VASU DBVA).

No.

Wt.

159

Metal.

Obverse.

Size.

Reverse.

BAZODEO (VASU DEVA).

(a)

NANA

PAONANO PAO BA
ZoAhoKoPANO
The king

in

clad

1.,

conical hebnet and sxiit

of mail, diad. and nim-

bate

holds

r.

^-85

122-2

^8

horse,

and patera

to

r.,

wears

sword.
[PI.

XXIX.

OKPO
faces

Similar.

8.]

C]

0.

[I.

PAONANOPA
OBAZOAhoK
120-8 AT

Nanaia r., nimbate, head

surmounted hy crescent; holds
forepart of
sceptre, ending in

hand over

altar; inl., spear;

122-5

Gold.

Siva facing, having three

holds wreath

and two arms

and trident

to

1.,

-8

122-3

(inscr.

PAONANOPAOBA
ZoAhoKoPANO
The king

clad

1.,

conical helmet

and

OPKO).

OKPO

[PI. xxix. 9.]

Siva facing, having three

and two arms holds wreath

and trident behind him, bull 1.

faces

in
suit

of mail, diad. and nimbate; holds r. hand over

altar ; in 1., spear; standard behind head.

to

r.,

[PI.

XXIX. 10.]

123-8 AT

-8

124-9 AT

-8

123-5 A^-85

(Siva one-faced).

124-8 AT -85

(bull feeding).

123-4 AT

(inscr.

-8

10 122-8 A^-85

[I.

(inscr. barbarous).

(Siva one-faced)

OPKO).

symbol

to

0.

1.

C]

160

No.

GREEK AKD SOTTHIC KINGS OF BAOTRIA AND INDIA.

BAZODEO (VASU DEVa).

No.

161

GREEK AND SCTTHIC KINGS OF BACTEIA AND

162

No.

Wt.

INDIA.

Metal.

Beverse.

Obvers^.

Size.

INDO.SCYTHIC, UNCEETAIK
(a)

Gold;

Indian legend (see plate

the inscripXXIX. 15
tion seems to run on
one side
dideva;

ivithout figure of

TAYPOC

nT 5

King.

Humped buU

(vrishabha).

Greek city-godand
peplos, wearing mural
crown, and holding a
ta

?).

dess, clad in chiton

poppy-head.
66-7 Jf-6

[PI.

ixix. 15.]

r,

.(

163

SUPPLEMENT.
IMPOltTANT TYPES NOT IN THE BRITISH MUSEUM.*

Obverse.

"No.

Reverse.

DEMETEIUS.
Bust of the king

BAZIAEflZ

diad.

r.,

Pallas

AH MHTPIOY

facing,

armed ; holds

lance and shield.

[PI.

Head

XXX.

of the king

r.,

M Wt. 243-

(Gen. Cunningham); an
injured specimen (Wt. 219-3), recently acquired for Brit. Museum.

1.]

in elephant's

Same

inscr.

spear in

skin.
[PI.

XXX.

iE_round,

2.]

BAZIAEnZ ANIKHTOY AH
MHTPIOY Bust of the king

r.,

r.,

-7

Pallas seated 1., holding

and shield in 1.
(Gren.

Cunningham).

U^'t.

in elephant's skin.

(Mdharujasa

aparajitasa Deme
thunderbolt.

[PI. XXX. 3.]

square, '75 (Gen.

).

Winged

Cunningham).

* In this list will be found the more important coins of the Greek and Soythic Kings
which have been published, but are not represented in the British Museum. Mere
varieties are not given, nor, in most cases, merely different denominations of already

mentioned

Museum

coins, unless

Coins.

To

when such denominations

this

are higher than those of the British

Supplement belong three

plates, the figures in

which are

in

Gen. Cunningham's valuable papers in the Numismatic Chronicle, and

are reproduced by his kind pei-mission. In one or two instances coins have been inserted

most cases due

to

here which. were acquired for the British

proper places.
I

Museum

too late for

them

to figure in their

164

No.

SUPPLKMENT.

SUPPLEMENT.

165

166

SUPPLEMENT.

Reverse.

Obverse.

No.

BAZIAEnZ MEfAAOY
KPATIAOY Bust of the
r.,

EY-

T ^ ^ ^^ ^

king

and helmeted.

diad.

[PI.

(Mdharajasa

rajadirajasa Evukratidasa).
1. ; holds wreath and palm.

XXX. 12.]

square,

Mke

(Gen. Cunningham).

'7

HELIOCLES.
Bust of the king

r.,

B AZ A EnZ
HAroKAEOYZ

helmeted.

Zeua seated - 1.
holds Nike

AIKAIOY
jR Tetradrachm

and long

sceptre.

(formerly

Major

Hay).

[PI. XXXI. 1.]

Drachm (The

late

Sir E.

C.

Bayley).

ANTIALCIDAS.

BAZIAEnZ NIKH|)OPOY
ANTIAAKIAOY Bust of
king

the

rajasa jayar T 7'*'1 7*^ 6

dhafasa Amtiali/cidasa). Elephant
walking r. ; wreath in raised trunk.

diad.

square, "75 (Major

Landon

now

presented to British Museum).

ANTIALCIDAS AND LYSIAS.

BAZIAEX2Z ANIKHTOY

AYZIOY
Heraklea

r.

Inscr. as last.

Bust of bearded
club on shoulder.

[PI. XXXI. 2.]

curi,

The

caps of the Dios-

and two palms.

square, -7

(Bodleian Library).

167

SUPPLEMISNT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

THEOPHILUS.

BAZIAEIIZ AIKAIOY
Q EO<t>

AOY

Bust

of the king

r.

jasa dhramiJcasa
r '"I'^^'t
Theuphilasa). Herakles, crowning himself ; holds in 1. hand,
club and lion's skin.

diad.

[PI.

XXXI.

3.]

Wt.

36-

(Geu. Cunningham).

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY OEo<l>IAOY

kles

r.

Head

of bearded Hera-

(Mahdrajasa dhramikasa J'heu-

club on shoulder.

[PI.

XXXI.

Cornucopiae.

pliilasa).

4.J

square, -8

(Gen. Cunningham).

AKCHEBIUS.

BAZIAEfiZ AIKAIOY NIKH<|)OPOY APXEBIOY Bust of

Zeus

r.,

diad.

sceptre

'YA'^%7

on shoulder.

The caps
and two palms.
yasa).

[PI.

XXXI.

JE

5.]

(Mdhdmjasa

dhramikasa jayadharasa Arkhehi-

square, -9 (Gen.

of the Dioscuri,

Cunningham).

APOLLODOTUS.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ
Apollo
[AnoAAOAoToY]
seated

bow.

r.

{Maharajasa tradatasa Apalada-

on throne, holding out

tasa).

square,

Tripod.
'8

(Gen. Cunningham).

168

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Reverse.

Obverse.

STIUTO

I.

BAZIAEnZ Eni<l>ANOYZ
ZflTHPOZ ZTPATnNOZ
Bust of the king

r.,

T^^,

diad.

(Mah&rajasa

jyrati-

chhasa tradatasa Stratasa). Pallas 1. ; holding aegis and hurling

thunderbolt.

M. Wt.

[PI. XXXI. 6.]

STRATO

134- (Gen. Cunningham).

II.

BACIAEnC CilTHPoC
CTPATflNoC YIOY

CTPATnNOC

king

r.,

Bust of the

diad.

{Maharaja

rajarajasa

Stratasa

puirasa cha mmpriyapita StraPallas

tasa).

1. ;

holding aegis

and thunderbolt.
[PI.

This

is

XXXI.

7.]

Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).

Gen. Cunningham's reading of his specimen (engraved), and given

on his authority.

MENANDEE.

BAZrAEnZ ZI2THPOZ
M EN AN APOY Head of Pallas
r.,

T.\Cvi/

helmeted.

[PL XXXI.

drdsa).
8.]

T"l^\

(Mdharajasa

M Wt.

Ovfi

T5J"1^V

tradatasa

Mena-

r.

28- (Gen.

Cunningham).

BAZIAEHZ ZnTHPOZ

MENANAPOY

Bust of the
king 1., wearing aegis and thrusting with spear.

y.^vl/
Menadrasa).

rajasa tradatasa
Pallas 1. ; holding

thunderbolt and

aegis.

Didrachm (Published by Gen.

Cunningham from a sealing-wax

JR,

impression)

SUPPLBMENT.

No.

169

Reverse

Obverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoZ

MENANAPOY

head

r.,

T.\vi/

Young male

wearing wreath.

[PI. xixi. 9.]

Same

iascr.

Two-humped camel

[PI.

1.

square,

Same

XXXT. 10.]

Y^^\ T^^.~V

(Mdharajaaa tradatasa
Dolphin r.
drdsa).

Mena-

1"

Bull's head, facing.

inscr.

square,

(Museum

1'

As.

Soc.

Bengal).

Same

iiiscr.

[PI.

Same

inscr.

Same

Elephant L

XXXI. 11.]

Boar's head

square, '9 (Gen.

Same

r.

[PI. XXXI. 12.]

Elephant-goad.

inscr.

Cunningham).

Palm-branch.

inscr.

square, '8

Kos. 3 and 6 are said by Gen. Cunningham to be in the East India Museum.
This

is

Museum

incorrect, as the coins of this

Museum, and

a-re

now

in the British

these types are wanting.

EPANDEE.

BAZIAEHZ NKH<|!OPOY
EHANAPOY Bust of the king
r.,

T'\/7Z

diad.

rajasa] jayadh arasa

1. ; holds aegis

Pallas
Epadrasa)
and thunderbolt.
.

[PL XXXI.

13.]

Wt.

19- (brokn),

(Gen. Cun-

ningham).

DIONYSIUS.
Apollo r., clad in chlamys
arrow with both hands.

holds

(Maharajasa tradatasa DianisiKoyal diadema.

yasa).

[PL XXXI.

14.]

square, '6

(Col, Bush).

170

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

ZOILUS.

BAZrAEflZ AIKAIOY
Xn.

AOY

of the king

Bust

r.,

diad.

t'~\9'^ rajasa dhramikasa

Jhoilasa). Herakles, facing ; holds
in r., wreath ; in 1., club and lion's
skin ; on his shoulder, Nike holding wreath.

[PI. XXXII. l.J

BAZIAEnZ AIKAIOY Head

Xn. AOY of bearded Horukles

T1f1 T^vk5 T^^'^>^

(Maharajasa dhramikasa Jhoilasa).
Club and bow-case, within

r.,

Wt. 36-5 (Gen. Cunningham).

in lion's skin.

ivy-wreath.

[PI. XXXII. 2.]

square, 1-1

(Lady Headfort).

AETEMIDOKUS.

BAZIAEflZ

ANIKHTOY

APTEMIAXiPOY
king

r.,

Bust of the

[PI.

'l'^ H^'^i ?
(Maharajasa
apadihatasa Artemidorasa). Artemis, clad in short chiton and
chlamys, shooting 1.

diad.

XXXII.

3.]

Wt. 128- (Gen. Cunningham).

(king helmeted).

Same

inscr.

[P]. xxxii. 4.]

Bust of the king

diad.

r.,

specimen

much

117-3),

recently

British

Museum.

injured (Wt.
acquired for

Wt. 36- (Gen. Cunningham).,

Same

inscr.

Nike

r.

holds wreath

and palm.
[PI.

XXXII.

5.]

Wt.

37-

(Gen. Cunningham).

171

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

PHILOXENUS.
The

British

Museum

has recently acquired a didrachm (Wt. 140') of this

king with the usual type and inscriptions

obverse a helmeted bust of the king

1.,

(p.

56), but

having on the

thrusting with spear.

NICIAS.

BAZIAEflZ ZIITHPOZ
NIKIOY Bust of the king

r.,

"T77''^ rajasa tradatasa

Nihiasa).
The king (or Pallas ?)
helmeted, standing 1. ; holds palm
over shoulder.

diad.

[PI.

M Wt.

XXXII. 6.]

36- (Gen.

Cunningham).

TELEPHUS.

BAZIAEHZ EYEPfETOY
THAE<l>OY
his

Giant (Skythes?),

body ending in three serpents;

holds in each hand,

hammer 1

yf"^^^

Maliarajasa

palanakramasa Teliphasa). Helios

radiate facing, clad in tunic and
chlamys, holds long sceptre

be-

wrapped in
mantle, wearing wreath or homed
in field, mon,
side

[PI. XXXII. 7.]

Mr.

Oman

him male

Wt.

figure

37- (Bodleian Library).

having kindly procured a cast of this coin, we are enabled to

Mr.
give a more accurate description of it than has hitherto appeared.
BendaU suggests the reading pdlandkshamasa as a rendering of evepyhov.

AMYNTAS.
Gen. Cunningham possesses hemidrachms with the usual type of reverse,
the seated Zeus ; but having on the obverse respectively, (1) bust of the
king in Macedonian causia
with spear.

(2)

bust of the king, bare-headed, thrusting

SUPPLEMENT.

172

Reverse.

Obverse.

No.

HEEMAEUS.
Gen. Cunningliam has a didrachm of the usual type (Wt. 153

grs.),

with

helmeted head of the king on the obverse.

BAZIAEnZ ZnTHPoE
EPMAIOY King on horseback
r.,

'Y/^.^ji^fij

galloping.

rajasa mdhatasa
Zeus seated 1. on

Heramayasa).
throne.

M
BAZIAEHZ ZTHPOZ ZY
EPM AIOY Bust of the king

"Wt. 31-

r.,

(Gen. Cunningham).

"TAw'^/C'

bare.

rajarajasa'(\

Nike

sa).

[PI. XXXII. 8.]

TA........:^^ T:d"i.'^v
{Mdharajasa

{Herama

raja

?'\yasa).

Horse

round,

{Mdharajasa
mdhatasa Heramaya-

1. ;

holding wreath.

(Geii.

Cunningham).

Uncertain device, surrounded by a

circle of unascertained Chinese
characters.

r.

1- (Sir

1879,

D. Forsyth), Num. Chron.,

p.

276.

MAUES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN

MEFAAOY MAYOY

Biga

in which radiate figure holding

sceptre or spear, and charioteer.
r.,

T-I^v^ T^"l^^"l

(Baja.

dirajasa mafiatasa
/
Moasa). Zeus seated 1. on throne
thunderbolt in extended r. hand.
^
r

Didrachm
Wt. 121-

(Bodleian

JR Hemidrachm (acquired
Mus.), Wt. 27-6.

Library),

for Brit.

173

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AZES AND AZILISES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN
MEFAAOY AZOV The king
r.,

on horseback

7^/^v^

Tlli'i^"! T::1"i~^

T T**1 A 7

(MaJiarajasa
rajarajasa mahatasa Ayilishasa).
city? 1., holds in r. hand an
object resembling a brazier ; in 1.,

lance couched.

palm bound with

[PL xxxTi.

fillet.

Didrachm (E. Eochette,

Suppl., PI. II., No. 16).

9.]

M, Hemidrachni

1*'.=

(Grotefend).

AZILISES.
'

Standing figure to the r. with the

r. arm extended horizontally, and
holding a chaplet.'
,

'

Figure in short tunic, with loose

veil-like garments around the head,
&o. Arian legend, imperfect, ....
jasa mahatasa Ayilishasa.'

square (Thomas's Priijsep II.,

212, No. 9, Sir E. C. Bayley).

p.

VONONES AND SPALAHOEES.

BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEnN

MEfAAOY ONnNOY

Hercules, with club and lion's

skin ; r. hand raised to the head.'

'

spear

r.

M square
[Ariana Antiqua,

PI. viii. 9.]

Spahora bhrata
Arian legend
dhramikasa Spalahorasa. Minerva
to the 1., armed with shield and

204, No.

arm extended.'
(Thomas's Prinsep
3, Mr. Brereton).

II., p.


174

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse,

GONDOPHARES,
Bust of the king

1.,

wearing Arsacid

tiara, diad.

BACIAECJC BAEIAECON
MErC YNAaIEPHE

AYTaKPATQ

King

seated

r.

on throne, holding sceptre ; behind,

Nike crowning him.

M Wt.

[PI. XXXII. 10.]

58- (Berlin, Zeitschr.f.

1879,

p.

Num.

358).

ZEIONISES.
The king
Barbarous inscr.
horseback ; arm extended.

r.,

on

Inscription ending r 7S.'^2i (Jihaniaso).

The king facing; on
side, Nike ; on the other, a
wingless figure, crowning him.

one

M, Didrachm (Thomas's

[PI. XXXII. ll.J

Prinsep, PI.

XXVIII. 5).

AESACES DIKAIOS.

BACIA6YONTOC

WN

The

AIKAIOY
king,

BACIA-

APCAKOV

on horseback

r. ; r.

hand

Ariau legend
{Mahurajasa rajoh
rajasa mahatasa Ashshakasa tra:

datasa).

M round
*

coin of this class has a type thus described

de MMailles, No. 8296.

palme, la

g. Bur

Type

obliterated.*

[On

another specimen, Male figure to

the left, holding a small figure in
his right hand].

raised.

Figure

son 6pee (?).

militaire

(?)

(Cunningham).

by Rollin and Feuardont, Catalogue

diaddmee debout, a g., tenant de la dr. une

175

SUPPLEMENT.

No.

Obverse.

Reverse.

AESACES THEOS.

BACIAWC GOY
Horse

CAKoY

Bow

in case

fillet-border.

r.

[PI. XXXII. 12.]

square,

Num.,

KADPHISES

BACIACYC OOHMO KAA*!-

CHC

King

holding club
seated in biga moving slowly to r.
r.,

[PL XXXII.

'7

(Berlin,

Z&itschr. f.

PI. V. 2).

II.

Usual reverse; type, Siva standing

(see p. 124).

N Stater (Ariana Antiqua,

13.]

PI. x. 9).

KANEEKES.

PAONANOPAO K[ANHPKI]
KOPANO Bust of the king

r.,

helmeted,

holding

spear,

above

clouds.

HAIOC

Helios standing, radiate ;

other
grasping sword.

one

hand advanced, the

N Wt. 30-8 (Eollin and Feuardent).

This coin, published by

PAO KA]NHPKI

v. Sallet, is

noteworthy as bilingual.

]roBOYAO

The king

Buddha

facing, cross-legged;

standing, at altar.

seated

arms in pos-

ture of benediction.
[PI. XXXII. 14.]

1-

(Berlin, Zeitschr.f.

PI. IX. 1).

Num.

1879,

INDEX

1,

TYPES.

Apollo,

Head

Abdagases,

of.

Abdagases,

lor
Aegis.

Head

49

Antima-

of.

Agathocleia

Head

of.

Head

cbus

I.,

Antiocbus,

T.,

of.

of.

Archebius, 32.
Artemidorus,

Artemidorus,

standing.

Artemis, running with torch.

Amyntas,

Antialcidas,

of.

dotus

61,

Dio-

I., 3.

Artemis, hunting.

Demetrius,

144

Hooerkes,

sqq., 166.

Antimachus

ApoUo ApoUo-

of.

54.

171.

Head

Head

170.

of.

Agathocles, 10.

Antialcidas,

Head

II.,

Head

Archebius,

Artemis,

of.

II.,

Eucratides

II., 37.

Apollophanes,

Agathocles,

as Herakles,

Amyntas, Head

25

dotus

Artemidorus, Head of.

10.

Alexander

41

I.,

phanes, 54.

Strato, 43.

Agathocles,

Strato

165.

Antialcidas,

28 ; Menander,
chus II., 55.

and

Head of. Euthydemus

ApoUodotus

Demetrius,

Agathocleia,

Artemidorus,

170.

Head

of.

Antima-

Artemis, radiate.

Maues,

69,

12.

Head

of.

Agathocles,

B.

164.

Apollo, standing.

Encratides,

ApoUodotus

I.,

38

sq.

dotus

II.,

35

Hippostratus, 60
standing,

Strato

Dionysius, 51, 169

Apollo,

sq.

and

ApoUoI.,

Maues, 72

elephant.

ApoUodotus

I.,

in

which

radiate

167.

figure.

Maues, 172.
Biga, in which king.

41

Zoilus, 53

Zoilus, 53.

Apollo, seated.

Biga,

Kadphises

II.,

175.

Boar's head.

Menander, 169.

Strato

Bow and quiver.

Bow and arrow.

I.,

41.

Spalirises

Azes, 102,

A A

with


178

INDEX

Bow

in case.

Maues,

72

Aisaces

Bow-case and club.

Buddha, standing.

Zoilus, 170.

Kanerkes,

54

Kanerkes, 175.
24; DioApoUodotus I., 34,

Epander, 51

Aitemidorus,

Philoxenus,

69, 71

57

Azes, 85 sqq.

95 sqq.

AzUises,

111

Zeionises,

Maues,

sq.

Uncertain, 162.
Bull's head.

Hooerkes,

137, 154, 156.

Azes, 85.
Azes, 84.
Demetrius, Head
Demetrius,
163.
Diadema. ApoUodotus
39
Demeter, standing.

Heliocles,

medes, 31

36

Kanerkes, 130, 133

130,
-

seated.

130.

Deity, female, holds cornucopiae.

133.

Bull, Indian.

Hyrcodes, 117.
Kanerkes,

Deity, holds spear.

Deity, with horse.

Theos, 175.

Buddha,

I.

Demeter?

seated.

of.

6,

II.,

Head

Diodotus,

of.

Diodotus

I.,

Agathocles, 10; Antimachus

Menander, 169.

Dionysius, 169,
;

I.,

164.

Diomedes,

Dionysus, Young, Head

PantaDiomedes, Head

of.

31.

Head

of.

^Dionysius, 51,

Dionysius,
C.

of.

Caduceus.

Demetrius,

Maues,

Caduceus and cock. Sophytes, 2.

Calliope and Hermaeus, Heads of.

Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.

Camel,

Bactrian.

Uncert.,

A.

Philoxenus,

stratus,

59

Azes and

sq.

31

93

Azilises,

Diomedes',
Eucratides,

165.
Dioscuri, The, on horseback.

112;

13

sqq.,

One

of

tides,

Eucra-

165; Diomedes,

31.

Menander, 169.
City,

Agathocles, 11.

Dioscuri, The, standing.

68.

leon, 9

57;

Hippo-

173

94; Uncert., 162.

also Tyche
)
lises,

the.

Eucratides,

Azi-

16; Azilises, 93.

Dolphin. Menander, 169.

{See

Dolphin,

Azes, 82, 90 sq.

Azilises,

Dioscuri,

twined

round

anchor.

Nicias, 58.

Head of a. Andragoras, 1.
City and king. Zeionises, 110.
Club.
Menander, 50.
City,

Club and bow-case. Zoilus, 170.

Cock and Caduceus. Sophytes, 2.

Cornucopiae.

Theophilus, 167.

E.
Elephant.

29

sq.

dotus

68
97

D.
9;

Aga-

thocles, 11.

Deity,

wears

153.

modius.

Hooerkes,

sq.

I.,

Elephant

Lysias,

ApoUo-

34; Zoilus, 53

Maues,

AziUses, 95,

Antimachus

cidas,

Dancing-girL Pantaleon,

23

Archebius, 33

Azes, 87, 90

Heliocles,

I., 164 Antial166; Menander, 169.

holds

wreath.

Maues,

71.

Elephant,

Head

of.

Menander, 50.

Demetrius

JYPES.

Agathocles,

Enclosure, Sacred.

179
nones, 98 ; Spalagadames with
Vonones, 99; Uncert., 119;
Hermaeus and Kadphises, 120
sq. ; Kadphises 1., 122
Hooer;

12.

Epander, Head of. Epander, 169.

Head

Eucratides,

13

165

sqq.,

Euthydemus
demus,

Head

I.,

I.,

Eucratides,

of.

sq.

sq.

of.

Euthy-

kes, 138,

154 ; Theophilus, 167

Vonones and Spalahores, 173.

Agathocles, 10.

Euthydemus IL, Head of.Euthydemus II., 8.

Herakles,

Euthydemus

seated.

I.,

isq.; Agathocles, 10; Agathocleia

95

and Strato, 43
Azilises,
Spalagadames with Spaly;

100.

ris,

Herakles ; Nike on shoulder. Zoilus,

Female figure, between stars.

Maues,

Eemale
71

170.

Head

Herakles, bearded,

70.
figure
;

Eire-god.

holds

fillet.

Maues,

of

Euthy-

demus I., 5
Demetrius, 7
Euthydemus II., 8 Lysias, 29
;

Azes, 89.

Kanerkes,

Strato

130, 132 sq.

Hooerkes, 136, 150

42

I.,

Lysias, 166

sqq., 156.

Theophilus, 167

Antialcidas and

Zoilus, 170.

Head

Herakles, Young,

G.

Heraus, Head
Giant. Telephus, 171.

Menander, 169.
GondoHead

sqq.,

of.

aegis.

172

phises,

phares, 103 sqq., 174.

Gorgon-head on

of.

of.

Hermaeus,

120

(See Aegis.)

sq.

Kadphises

of.

Zeus.)

(^See

Heliocles,

21

stratus,

Heads

Plato, 20.

Herakles, Young, standing. ^Deme-

Lysias,

Euthydemus

29

Maues, 69
lises,

96

of.

Hippo-

sq.

s^.
sq.

II.,

Zoilus,

Azes, 89

Menander,

of.

Eucratides, 19.

Head

Helios in quadriga.

trius,

59

Euthydemus I., 5 ; Euthydemus II., 8

Heliocles, 22

Horse.

sqq., 166.

Heliocles and Laodice,

I.,

Hermaeus and Calliope, Heads of.

Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.
Hermes, standing. Maues, 71 Azes,
83 sqq.
Hippostratus,

Hecate in hand of Zeus.

62

122.

H.

Head

^Aga-

Hermaeus and Kad-

Heliocles,

Heraus, 116.

Hermaeus, Head

Goad, Elephant.
Gondophares,

of.

thocles, 10.

60

72

48 ; Hippostratus,
Hermaeus, 66, 172; Maues,
Azes, 89 ; Azilises, 96 ;

Eucratides,

52

Horse, Forepart

Azi-

Hyrcodes, Head

Spalahores with Vo-

65

Arsaces Theos,

175.

sq.

of.

Hyrcodes,

of.

Hyrcodes,

118.

117

INDEX

180

King between Nike and

Kadaphes, 123.

Kadaphes, Head

of.

Kadphises

Head of.Kadphi-

II.,

King, standing.

another.

Zeionises, 174.

King, half length.

124;

Kadphises

Kanerkes,

II.,

175;

132,

Hooerkes, 136 sqq.

ses II., 126.

Kanerkes, Head

I.

of.

Kanerkes, 132.

King, Head

96

Azilises,

Spali-

helmeted.

of,

Sophytes,
sqq.,

165

Antialcidas,

26

14

Eucratides,

101; Spalirises with Azes,

102; Kadphises II., 126 sq. ;
Kanerkes, 129 sqq., 175 ; Ba-

Archebius,

zodeo, 159 sq.

Agathocleia, 43; Menander, 44

rises,

sq.

Nicias, 171.

Maues,

King, seated,

71

Azes, 83

Gondophares, 104; Sana-

113; Kadaphes, 123,

Kadphises II., 124 sqq. ; Hoo-

bares,

145

138,

erkes,

Hooerkes,

King on horseback.

^Antimachus

II.,

55; Philoxenus, 56, 171; NiHippostratus, 59 sq. ;

cias, 58
Hermaeus, 172 Hermaeus and
;

Maues,

Calliope,

66

Azes, 73

sqq.,

88

and Azilises, 92, 173 ;

sqq.

68

Azes

Azilises,

93

Spalahores with Vonones,

Spalagadames with

100;

ris,

lirises

Spalj'-

100; SpaGondo;
Abdagases, 107

Spalirises,

with Azes, 102

phares, 103 sqq.;

sq.

174

Hooerkes, 137

Zeionises,

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

153

sq.

32

Diomedes,

31

Strato

40

Apollophanes,

56

loxenus,

Hermaeus,

54

132

Phi-

Soter,

Kad^jhises II., 124 sqq:

kes,

I.,

AmjTitas,

63

61

116

Kaner-

Hooerkes, 136 sqq.

Ki9g,

Head

in

of,

elephant.

King, Head

in elephant's skin.

of,

King, Head

113

6,

163

in tiara.

of,

Lysias, 29.

Sanabanjs,

Gondophares, 174.

King, Bust

thrusting with spear.

of,

Eucratides,

18, 165; ArcheMenander, 46 sq.,

bius,

32

168; Philoxenus, 171;

tas,

Amyn-

171.

L.

Laodice,

Head

lion.

Azes, 85.

of.

{See Heliocles

and Laodice.)

King on camel. Azes, 88.

King in biga. Kadphises II., 175.
King crowned by Nike. Gondo-

phares, 174.

King on horseback, crowned by

Nike. Heraiis, 116.
King and City. Zeionises, 110,

Anti-

Lakshmi, beside

sq.

causia,

machus I., 12 Antialcidas, 25

sq.
Amyntas, 171.

Zeionises, 110; XJncert., Ill;

Soter, 114 sqq.

King on

29

Lysias,

Demetrius,

sq.

98; Spalagadames with Vonones,

99

20;

Heliocles, 166.

156.

sqq.

Plato

Lion.

Azes,

85 sqq

Zeionises,

111;

Azilises,

97

Uncert., Ill,

119.

Lion, Maneless.
thocles,

Pantaleon, 9

11

Maue.s, 69.
Lysias,

Head

of.

ISIenanderj

Lysias,

29.

Aga-

50

181

M
between

Maenad,

0.

Maues,

vines.

70 ; Azes, 89.
Mahasena. Hooerkes, 138, 150.
Mahasena Skanda and Visaliha.

Hooerkes, 150.

Male figure holds

sceptre.

Orthagnes, 109.

Owl. Archebius, 32

sq.

Menander,

49, 168.

Ox, Head

of.

Menander, 49.

Azilises,

97.

Male

figure

holds club and trident.

Maues, 71

Azes, 89.

168.

sqq.,

Moon-god.

133

Kanerkes,

131,

129,

Hooerkes, 139, 154,

sq.;

156.

Moon-god and sun-god.

Head

Pacores,

Male head in Phrygian cap. AmynHermaeus, 66.

tas, 61
Menander, Head of. Menander, 44

Hooerkes,

141.

of.

Pacores,

Menander, 50
Maues, 69

99

Kanerkes,

Gondophares, 103

kes,

149;

131,

129,

Hooerkes, 144

134
158

sqf/.,

Head of.Nicias, 58, 171.

AUke. Eucratides, 18, 166 ArcheNicias,

bius, 32; Stratol.,

48

der,

147

Nike

XL,

on

83

Azes,

104

sq.

Anti-

Philoxenus,

55;

Hermaeus, 65, 172

sqq.

phares,

110

42; Menan-

Epander, 51

machus

107

Hooer-

Demetrius,

163;

Mcias, 171; Vonones and Spa-

Strato

Sanabares, 113

168

40

Epander, 169.
seated. - Hippostratus,

Pallas,

60

Demetrius, 163.
Pallas,

Head

of.

Menander,

48

sq.,

168.

Menander,

Palm and wreath.

50, 169.

Antimachus

Palms and

Hooerkes,

Pantaleon,

Antialcidas, 28

II.,

pilei.

Head

55.

{See Pilei.)
of.

Pautaleon,

164.

Antimachus

I.,

Pantaleon, 9 Agathocles,
Philoxenus, Head
Philoxenus,
Panther.

11.

164.

Azilises,

Amyntas, 61
Eanjabala, 67
Azes, 78 ; Gondophares, 103

Palm.

Andragoras,
96.
Nike, wingless.

51

Maues,

Antemidorus, 170.

Ifike in quadriga.

Apollophanes, 54

Zoilus,

Pacores,

52

IT.,

168;
Menander, 44
sq.

Dionysius,

Gondo-

Abdagases,

Orthagnes, 109

prow.

Apollodotus

I.,

Strato II., 168

Bazodeo, 159.

Vonones,

with

Spalagadames

sqq.,

68

lahores, 173.

N.

57

Azes, 78 sqq., 91

37;

sq.

Amyntas, 61

Spalahores with Vonones, 98

Pallas, thundering.

^'anaia.

110.

Andragoras,

standing.

Pallas,

1.

of.

56, 171.

INDEX

182
Pilei of Dioscuri

and palms.

Eucra-

165; Antialcidas,
Antialcidas and Lysias,

I.

Soter,

27

Strato

sy.

Head of. Plato,

Strato II.,

20.

Poseidon, standing. Antimachus

12

70

I.,

Azes, 77.

Poseidon
sq.

and
;

Eiver-god.

168.

1&6; Archebius, 167.

Plato,

Head of. Sophytes, 2.

Head of. Soter, 114 sqq.
Strato I., 40 sq.,
I., Head of.

Sophytes,

tides, 15, 18,

Head of. Strato II.,

Maues,

^Agathocles, 12.

Kanerkes, 129, 131, 134,175;

Hooerkes, 136, 141, 155, 157.

Azes, 89.

Sun-god and moon-god.

141.

Q.

Sun-god and another

Plato,
Andra-

Quadriga of Helios.

168.

Sun-god, standing. Philoxenus, 57

Stupa, Buddhist.

figure.

phus, 171.

20.

Quadriga driven by Nike.

Hooerkes,
Tele-

Symbol

ij.

Gondophares,

105.

goras, 1.

Quiver and bow.

Strato

I.,

41.

R.
Ranjabala,

Theophilus,

Head of.Ranjabala,

67.

Eiver-god under foot of Poseidon.

Head

Theophilus,

of.

167.

Thunderbolt,

winged.

Demetrius,

163.

{See Poseidon.)

Trident.

Demetrius,

7.

Trident and battle-axe in one.

_

Sanabares,
Sarapis.

Head

of.

Sanabares, 113.

Hooerkes, 149.

Gondophares,
two armed.
104; Kadphises II., 125; Kanerkes, 135; Hooerkes, 155;

Siva,

Bazodeo, 159.
Siva,

two armed, with

bull.

Kad-

phises II., 124, 126 sq.,

175;

Kad-

phises II., 126.

Tripod-lebes.

Euthydemus

Apollodntus

I.,

ApoUodotus

II.,

41

51

60

Triton.

35

38

Menander, 49
Zoilus,

53

sq.;
;

II.,

sq.,

167

Strato

I.,

Dionysius,

Hippostratus,

Maues, 72.

Hippostratus, 60.

Tyche.Maues,

68,

Visakha

Skanda.

70

sq.

Bazodeo, 159 sqq.

Siva, four armed.

Kanerkes,

132,

135; Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158.

Skanda.

Skanda

Hooerkes, 138.
and Visakha. Hooerkes,

149.

Skanda Visakha and Mahascna.

Hooerkes, 150.

and

Hooerkes,.

149.

Visakha Skanda and Mahasena.

Hooerkes, 150.

183

TYPES.

W.

Agathocles, 10,

chus

Kanerkes, 132 HooerWarrior,

Arsaces Dikaios,
174.
"Wheel. Menander,
"Wind-god. Kanerkes,
"Wreath and palm.
28

"War-god.

164

Antima-

Archebius, 32.

holding Hecate.

Agathocles, 10.

standing.

Zeus, seated.
tas,

50.

Agathocles, 10; Amyn171

61,

sqq.,

135.

Antimachus

164

Zeus, standing

kes, 138, 148.

Antialcidas,

I.,

172

Hermaeus,

Spalirises,

62

101

Heliocles, 166.

II., 55.

with Thunderbolt.

Zeus, seated,

Maues, 70, 172.

Zeus, seated, and elephant.
tides,

19

Eucra-

Antialcidas, 25 sq.

Maues, 70.
Zeus, standing.

Manes, 68

Azes and

93

98

Heliocles, 21 sqq.

Azes, 73 sqq., 83

Azilises,

92

AziUses,

Spalahores with Vonones,

Spalagadames

nones,

with

99
Gondophares, 103, 106

gases,

Zeus,

Spalirises,

107

sq.

thundering.

Vo-

AbdaI.,

Hecate.

Pan-

taloon, 164.

Head

Zeus,

of,

diad.

Andragoras,

Archebius, 167.
Zeus,

Head

of,

laur.

Diodotus

Euthydemus I., 5.
Zeus, Head of thundering.
3

100

Soter, 114, 116.

Diodotus

Zeus, seated: holds

cidas,

Zoilus,

I.,

27

Antial-

sq.

Head of. ZoUus,

52, 170.

INDEX

II.

KINGS, TYRANTS,

&c.

D.
AbJagases, 107.

Demetrius,

Agathocles, 10, 164.

Diodotus

Agathocleia with Strato, 43.

Diomedes, 31.

Amyntas, 61, 171.

Dionysius, 51, 169.

Andragoras,

6, 163.

I., 3.

1.

AntialciJas, 25, 166.

E.

Antialcidas and Lysias, 166,

Antimaohus I., 12, 164.

Antimachus XL, 55.

Epander, 51, 169.

Apollodotus

Eucratides with Heliocles and Lao-

I.,

34, 167.

ApoUodotus II., 37.

ApoUophanes, 54.
Archebius, 32, 167.

Eucratides, 13, 165.

dice, 19.

Euthydemus
Euthydemus

I., 4.

II., 8.

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

Arsaces Theos, 175.

G.

Artemidoms, 54, 170.

Gondophares, 103, 174.

Azes, 73.

Azes and

Azilises, 92, 173.

Azes and

Spalirises, 102.

H.

AziUses, 93, 173.

Heliocles, 21, 166.

Heliocles and Laodice with Eucra-

B.

Bazodeo (Vasu Deva), 159,

C.
Calliope and Hermaeus, 66.

tides, 19.

Heraiis, 116.

Hermaeus, 62, 172.

Hermaeus and Calliope, 66.
Hermaeus and Kadphises I., 120.
Hippostratus, 59.

185-

KINGS, TYRANTS, &C.

Hooerkes, 136.

Philoxenus, 56, 171.

Hyrcodes, 117.

Plato, 20.

K.
Kadaphes, 123.
Kadphises I., 122.

R.

Eanjabala, 67.

Kadphises

I. and Hermaeus, 120.

Kadphisos I L, 124, 175.
Kanerkes, 129, 175.

S.

Sanabares, 113.

Sophy tes,

2.

Soter Megas, 114.

Spalagadames with Spalyris, 100.

Laodice with Heliocles and Eucra-

Spalagadames with Vonones,

99.

Spalahores with Vonones, 98, 173.

tides, 19.

Spalirises, 100.

Lysias, 29.
Spalirises

Lysias and Antialcidas, 166.

Strato

M.

with Azes, 102.

StratoL, 40, 168.

I.

and Agathocleia,

43.

Strato II., 168.

Maues, 68, 172.

Menander, 44, 168.

T.

Telephus, 171.

N.

Theophilus, 167.

Mcias, 58, 171.

V.

Vasu Deva (Bazodeo), 159.

0.

Orthagnes, 109.

9,

Vonones and Spalahores,

99.

98, 173.

"sZeionises, 110, 174.

Pacoies, 110.

Pantaleon,

Vonones and Spalagadames,

164.

Zoilus, 62, 170.

B 3

INDEX

III.

TITLES OF KINGS.

GEEEK.

A.

AAEAt>IAEnZ AbJagases, 108.

AAEA<|)OY TOY BAZIAEflZ

ANIKHTOY

Spalyris, 100.

Lysias, 29, 166; Artemidorus, 54,

170; Philpxenus, 56;

Demetrius, 163.

AYTOKPATO[

Gondophares, 174.

BAZIAEYONTOZ Agathocles, 10;

BAZIAEYONTOZ BAZIAEHN

Soter, 114.

Abdagases, 107

Arsaces Dikaios,

174.

BAZIAEnZ AAEA<t>OY Spalirises, 100.

BAZIAEHZ BAZIAEXIN Gondophares,
BAZIAEnZ BAZIAEilN MEfAAOY
173;

Azilises,

104; Kanerkes, 129.

Maues, 68, 172 ; Azes, 73,

92; Vononcs, 98, 173; Spalirises, 101; Gondophares,

103, 174; Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises

II.,

126.

BAZIAEHZ MEfAAOY
59

Hippostratus,

Azes,

Eucratides, 14, 165

90

ApoUodotus XL, 37

102

Spalirises,

Gondophares, 105

Sanabares, 113.

AIKAIOY
Strato
philus,

Agathocles, 10, 164; Heliocles, 21, 166; Archcbins, 32, 167;

I.,

41

Menander, 50

Zoihis, 52,

170

167; Arsaces, 174.

Eni<t>ANOYZ

Plato,

EYEPrETOY

Telcphus, 171.

20; Strato

I.,

40, 16S.

Spalyris,

100; Theo-

TITLES OF KINGS.

OEOTPonoY Agathocloia, 43.

OEOY Eiithydemus 10; Antimachus
I.,

I.,

187

164; Gondophares, 103;

12,

Arsaces, 175.

N KATO POZ

Amyntas,

NIKH<t)OPoY

Antialcidas, 25, 166

169

Antimachus

II.,

Antiochus of Syria, 164.

ArchelDiiis, 32,

ZAKA KOIPANOY (KOPPANOY)

ZATPAnoY Zeionises, 110.
ZflTHPOZ

Diodotus, 10, 164

ApoUodotiis
sius,

tus,

51

59

II.,

Hermaeus, 62, 172

dagases, 107; Soter,

TYPANNOYNTOZ
YlOY

Zeionises, 111

<|)IAonATOPOZ

B.

Nicias, 58, 171

Eanjabala, 67

Hippostra-

Gondophares, 105

114; Kadphises IL, 126; Strato

II.,

168.

Heraiis, 116.

Strato

II.,

Apollodotus

SCYTHIC,

168.

II., 37.

IlSr

GEEEK LETTERS.

ZAOOY Kadaphes, 123.

KOPANO Kanerkes, 130;

Hooerkes, 136.

PAO

Hooerkes, 136.

Kanerkes, 130, 175

PAONANO Kanerkes, 130, 175; Hooerkes, 136.

ZY Hemiaeus, 120, 172; Kadaphes, 123.
XOPAN (KOPON, &o.) Kadphises I, 122; Kadaphes,
C.

Epander, 51,

Diomedes, 31 ; Apollodotus I., 34, 167

Menander, 44, 168; Diony-

Apollophanes, 54

Heraiis, 116.

37; Strato L, 40, 168

Zoilus, 52

167

55.

123.

INDIAN TITLES AND WORDS.

Apadihatasa, Lysias, 29; Artemidorus, 54, 170; Philoxenus, 56.

Aparajitasa, Demetrius, 163.

Apratihatasa, Gondophares, 105.

Apratihatachakrasa, Ranjabala, 67.

Ab-

INDEX

Igg

III.

Bhradaputrasa, Abdagases, 107.

Bhrata, Spalahores, 173.

Qia, Strato

II.,

168.

Chhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67; Zeionises, 110.

Devatratatasa (Devahadasa), Gondophares, 103.

Dhramathidasa, KadpHses

I.,

120.

Strato I.,
Dliramikasa (Dhramiasa), Heliocles, 23 ; Archebius, 32, 167 ;
Spalahores,
98, 173
Menander, 50 ; Zoilus, 52, 170 ; Azes, 90 ;
41
Theophilus,
Gondophares,
105;
Spalagadames, 99; Spalirises, 100;

167.

Hiduja Same, Agathocles, 12.

Jayadharasa, Antialcidas, 25, 166; Archebius, 32, 167; Epander, 51, 169;

Antimachus

II.,

5?; Amyntas, 61.

Jayamtasa (Jayatasa), Hippostratus, 55; Aspavarma, 91.

Karifiye nagara devata, Eucratides, 19.

Kujula (Kuyula), Kadphises

I.,

120

Kushana (Khushana), Kadphises

I.,

Kadaphes, 123.

120

Kadaphes, 123.

Mahachhatrapasa, Eanjabala, 67.

Maharajasa, Passim after Eucratides.

Maharajabhrata (Maharajabhraha), Spalahores, 98

Spalirises, 100.

Mahatasa (Mahatakaaa), Hippostratus, 59; Maues, 68, 172; Azes, 73, 102,
Gondophares, 103; Orthagnos,
Azilises, 93, 173; Spalirises, 101
109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Eucratides, 165; Hcrmaeus, 172;

173;

Arsaces, 174.

Mahisvarasa, Kadphises

II., 124.

Palanakramasa, Telephus, 171.

Pratichhasa, Strato

I.,

Putrasa, Aspavarma, 91

40, 168.
;

Eajadirajasa, Maues, 68,

Spalagadames, 99; Zeionises, 110; Strato

172; Azes, 77;

Azilises,

168.

93; Gondophares, 103;

II., 124; Eu-

Orthagnes, 109; Pacores, 110; Soter, 114; Kadphises

cratides, 166.

II.,

TITLES OP KINGS.

Riijarajasa, Azes, 73,

168

173

Azilises, 94,

173

189

Goiidopliarcs, 104

Strato II.,

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

Rajine, Pantaleon, 9; Agathocles, 11.

Sachhadhramat.hidasa, Kadaphes, 123.

Sagaba, Orthagiies, 109.

Sampriyapita, Strato

II.,

168.

Sarvaloga isvarasa, Kadphises

II.,

124.

Sasasa, Gondophares, 106.

Strategasa, Aspavarma, 91.

Tradatasa, Diomedes, 31

Apollodotus I., 34, 167 ; Strato I., 40, 168

;
Menander, 44, 168; Dionysius, 51, 169
Zoilus, 52
Apolloplians, 54 ; Mcias, 58, 171
Hippostratus, 59 ; Hermaeus, 62
S^trato II.,

37

Gondophares, 103; Abdagascs, 107; Soter, 114; Kadphises

Arsaces Dikaios, 174.

Vrishabha, Uncert., 162.

Yavugasa (Yauasa), Kadphises L, 120; Kadaphes, 123.

II.,

y
;

124:

INDEX

IV

EEMARKABLE INSCRIPTIONS AND LEGENDS.

AOPO, AOOPO

Kanerkes, 130,

132; Hooerkes, 136, 153, 156.

AAEHANAPOY TOY <l)IAinnoY Agathocles, 10.

APAOXPO

Hooerkes, 136.

Hooerkes, 137, 154, 156.

130,

AIOAOTOY SIITHPOZ
Antimachns

deo, 159.

ONI A?
Agatho-

Kanerkes, 129, 175.

Hooerkes,

138, 154.

APOOAZno

MAAZHNO

Kanerkes, 132, 135;

164.

Hooerkes, 138.

HPAKIAO, HPAKAO

PIOM

Hooerkes, 138, 150.

Bazo-

Hooerkes, 144.

OPAAPNO
PAOPHOPO

Kanerkes, 132.
Hooerkes, 148.

Hooerkes, 149.

ZAAHNH
ZAPAriO

Kanerkes, 130.

Kanerkes, 129.
Hooerkes, 149.

ZKANAO KOMAPO

Hooerkes,

149.

MAKAPOY Hyrkodes, 117.

TAYPOZ Uncert., 162.
MANAoBAro Hooerkes, 139.
<l>APPO, <|>APO Kanerkes,
Hooerkes, 150.
MAO Kanerkes, 131, 133; Hooerkes, 139, 154, 156.

Ka-

kes, 133.

Hooerkes, 147, 155, 158

I.,

OAAO Kanerkes, 135.

OANINAA Hooerkes, 147.
OAYO BOY ZAKAMA Kaner-

Aga-

cles, 10.

HAIOZ

Kanerkes,

Uncert. king, 119

OKPO, OKPA

175.

EYOYAHMOY OEOY

Hooerkes,

nerkes, 129.

Hyrcodes, 117.

Kanerkes, 130, 133

thocles, 10;

134;

NANA, NANAPAO

NANAIA

BIZAro Hooerkes, 149.

BOAAO, BOYAO Kanerkes,

AOXPO

131,

138, 141, 144, 155, 157.

Bazodeo, 159.

Agathocles, 164.

APAHOPOY

nerkes,

131, 134; Hooerkes, 144, 158;

ANTIOXOY NIKATOPOZ
APAEIXPO

MEIPO, MIlPO, MIOPO Ka-

iiPON

Hooerkes, 153.

132;

191

TABLE
roB

CONVERTING ENGLISH INCHES INTO MILLIMIITRES

AND THE

MEASURES OF MIONNET'S SCALE.

English Inches

French Millimetres

4-

lao,

3-S

MionnetS Scale

SO

is

75

-18-J7-IC-

2-S

-M-

70

65
GO
65

-140

1-5

-13-12-11-

40

ID-

ss

9S-

30

G-

Z5

-7-

-.

siaa1-

20
15
10

192

TABLE
OP

The Kblativb Weights op English Grains and French Grammes.

Grains.

193

ABLE

The Eblative Weights of English Grains and Feench Grammes.

Pl.l.

/R

ANDRACORAS, SOPHYTES, DiODOTUS^ EUTHYDEMUSl.

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EUTHYDEMUS

1,

DEMETRIUS.

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DEMETRIUS, EUTHYDEMUS

II,

PANTALEON.

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AZILISES, VONONES, SPALAHORES,

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PACORES, ORTH AGNES,

ABDAGASES^ ZEIONISES
A
SAN BARES.
<5:C.

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BAS. MEGAS, HERAUS,

HYRCODES&c.

F/XXl^

KAD PHISES

I,

KADAPHES,

KADPHISESH.

P/XXF7

KA N ERKES.

RXXV/l

Z,

r^

'^^^M

22

/V

23

A/

KANERKES, HOOERKES.

24

A'

/"/.IM/I

21

22

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27

31

OOERKES.

A*

32

A/

AJ

R.im.

HOOERKES, BAZODEO

&.C.

PI.

SUPPLEMENTARY.

1.

XXX.

PI.

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sns;.^
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XXXI.

PI.

SUPPLEMENTARY.

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XXXIl.