Example 6.1.

Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 9820 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each
stream is 10.0 psi. A number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m
t

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
9820 x 0.425 x 40

0.5 (160 + 100) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =

100 F
0.425

166940 Btu/hr

9820

130 F
0.44

m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
166940/0.44x60

166940 Btu/hr
6323.48 lb/hr

(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is
less than 1 centipoise) and the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may
accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD

=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.25 in
1.38 in
1.66 in

Pipa luar
2 in
2.067 in

Panjang =

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12
=

0.17225 ft
0.1383333333 ft

a =

0.0082766761

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.115
0.0103910714

W/ap

0.0761490462 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa

Viscosity at 130 oF
= 0.41 cp =

Jh

764012.60346 lb/hr.ft2
Jh

DxGp/

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

0.9922 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/

58636.193335

Jh =

169.43248941

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Re =

Tp =
c =
k =

100 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =
Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.7253508452

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

326.30863805 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
116.18119409

hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
150.30652458
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

115.56590538 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

A =

50.064069475 ft^2

Surface:
Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

0.435 ft

Required length =

115.08981489 ft
120 ft

This equivalent to three 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

6 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

52.2 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

110.83715548 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0023692 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.0339166667 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

26116.469261

f =
s=
=
Fa =

62.5 x 0.87
4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3
23.898908502 ft

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through only four ex

Fp =
Pp

V=

Ga/3600 x

3.9030018057 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.7096315106 ft

Pa =

((

9.2922872445

Fa +Ft) x )/144

62.5 x 0.88

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

ft
ft2

945042.1 lb/hr.ft2

1.21 lb/ft.hr
89818.05
237.8281

oF/ft)
1.781192

335.2104
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
278.6689

89818.05
0.005693
0.88
55 lb/ft^3
four exchangers

8.351841 ft
3.189939

Example 6.1.

Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 17000 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10
number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m
t

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40

0.5 (160 + 100) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60

(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

100 F
0.425

289000 Btu/hr

17000

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr
28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) a
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arith
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD

=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.25 in
1.38 in
1.66 in

Pipa luar
2 in
2.067 in

Panjang

20 ft

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12
=

0.17225 ft
0.1383333333 ft

a =

0.0082766761

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

W/ap

0.0761490462 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa
Viscosity at 130 oF
=

Jh
0.41 cp =

Re = DaxGa/
Jh

Jh =

1322628.7433 lb/hr.ft2

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Re =

DxGp/

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Tp =
c =
k =

100
0.425
0.091

0.9922 lb/ft.hr
101508.685
262.13139816
(c/k)^1/3 =

Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

hi =
hi/p =

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.7253508452

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

504.83670411 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
116.18119409

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hio/p = (hi x ID)/(p x OD)

w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
232.54134775 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

158.72233592 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

A =

63.103763568 ft^2

Surface:
Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

0.435 ft

145.06612315 ft
160 ft

This equivalent tofour 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

8 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

69.6 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

143.90771206 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0026486 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.0339166667 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

45211.810329

f =
s=
=
Fa =

62.5 x 0.87
4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3
95.497426967 ft

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through onl

Fp =
Pp

V=

Ga/3600 x

6.7567241035 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

2.1267074819 ft

Pa =

((

36.863279935

Fa +Ft) x )/144

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

uene
will
ch stream is 10.0 psi A

1 centipoise) and
rties at the arithmatic

enzene)

0.115 ft
0.0103910714 ft2

1636020 lb/hr.ft2

1.21 lb/ft.hr
155489.5

5/36.5 =

367.9473

oF
Btu/(lb)(oF)
Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)
1.781192

/k)^1/3 p

(p x OD)

518.6088
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
431.1326

62.5 x 0.88

155489.5
0.005693
0.88
55 lb/ft^3

flow through only four exchangers

p/2g^2D

33.37305 ft

/144

12.74665

Example 6.1.

Double pipe Benzene - Toluene Exchanger. It is desired to heat 17000 lb/hr of cold Benzene from 80oC to 120 oC using hot Toluene
which is cooled from 160oC to 100oC. The specific gravities at 68oC are 0.88 and 0.87 respectively. The othe fluid properties will
be found in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10
number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m
t

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40

0.5 (160 + 100) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60

(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

100 F
0.425

289000 Btu/hr

## lb/hr

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr
28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) a
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arith
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD

=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.5 in
1.61 in
1.9 in

Pipa luar
3 in
3.068 in

Panjang

20 ft

Hot Fluid at Anulus (toluene)

Flow area

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Benzene)

Flow area

D2 = F31/12 =
D1 = C32/12 =

0.2556666667 ft
0.1583333333 ft

a =

0.0316611429

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

D = C31/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

W/ap

0.2545010526 ft
Viscosity at 100 oF
=
0.5 cp =

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa
Viscosity at 130 oF
=

Jh

345754.0919 lb/hr.ft2
Jh

0.41 cp =

DxGp/

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Tp =
c =
k =

100
0.425
0.091

0.9922 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/

88686.535315

Jh =

235.44258196

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Re =

(c/k)^1/3 =
Ta =
c =
k =

130 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.7253508452

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

135.67248369 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
108.68041154

hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
96.416050593
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =
1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

80.8295237 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

Surface:
A =

Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

123.91483088 ft^2
0.498 ft

248.8249616 ft
240 ft

This equivalent to 6 20-ft hairpin in series.

The surface supplied actually be:

12 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

104.4 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

Pressure Drop

95.938474704 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

0.0000516 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.0973333333 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

33917.958353

f =
s=
=
Fa =

62.5 x 0.87
4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3
3.4110904846 ft

Re =
f=
s=
=

halves of tube will flow through only

Fp =
Pp

V=

Ga/3600 x

1.7663044286 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.1453337578 ft

Pa =

((

1.3429206124

Fa +Ft) x )/144

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

oluene
s will
ach stream is 10.0 psi A

n 1 centipoise) and
erties at the arithmatic

enzene)

0.1341666667 ft
0.0141434028 ft2

1201974 lb/hr.ft2

1.21 lb/ft.hr
133276.7

5/36.5 =

325.4996

oF
Btu/(lb)(oF)
Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)
1.781192

/k)^1/3 p

(p x OD)

393.2403
Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)
333.2194

62.5 x 0.88

133276.7
0.005693
0.88
55 lb/ft^3

flow through only four exchangers

p/2g^2D

23.16078 ft

/144

8.846131

Example
be
found 6.1.
in the appendix. A fouling factor of 0.001 should be provided for each stream and the allo
A number of 20-ft hair pin of 2 by 1 1/4 -in. IPS pipe are available. How mani hairpins are required?

1.Heat Balance
Benzene

tave
c

Toluene

Tave
c

Q
m

=
=

=
=

=
=

0.5 (80 + 120) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.426123 =
m c dt
17000 x 0.425 x 40

100 F
0.425

289000 Btu/hr

0.5 (160 + 100) =

A + BT + CT2 +DT3 + ET4
0.4272712 =
m c dt
mt x 0.44 x 60
289000/0.44x60

(dth - dtc)/ln(2)

130 F
0.44

289000 Btu/hr
10946.97 lb/hr
28.8539 F

Caloric Temperature
Caloric Temperature: check of both streams will show that neither is viscous at the cold terminal (t
the temperature ranges and temperature difference are moderate. The coefficients may according
and the value of (u/uw)0.14 may be assumed equal to 1.0

Ukuran
ID
OD
Panjang

=
=
=
=

Pipa dalam
1.5 in
1.38 in
1.66 in
20 ft

Pipa luar
3 in
3.068 in

Hot Fluid at Anulus (Benzene)

Flow area
D2 = 2.067/12 =
D1 = 1.66/12
=

0.2556666667 ft
0.1383333333 ft

a =

0.0363230476

(D22 - D12)/4 =

Diameter Equivalen
Da = (D2^2-D1^2)/D1 =

0.3341879518 ft

Mass Velocity
Ga = W/aa
Viscosity at 130 oF
=

468022.40215 lb/hr.ft2

0.41 cp =

1.21 lb/ft.hr

Re = DaxGa/
Jh

Jh =

129262.3537

Re^0.795/36.5 =

Ta =
c =
k =

317.67914501

130 oF
0.425 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.091 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.7811919293

ho = Jh k/Da (c/k)^1/3 a
ho/a =

154.08133321 Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

tw = tc + (ho/a)/((ho/a)+(hio/p))*Tc-tc)
109.71192654
w =

Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

Uc = (hio x ho)/(hio + ho)
104.20044688
Design overall coefficient, UD:
Rd = 0.001 + 0.001 =
1/UD = 1/Uc + Rd =
UD= Uc/1+UCRd

0.002 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

86.23003129 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

Surface:
A =

Q/UD

ExternalSurface/lin ft, a" =

Required length

The surface supplied actually be:

116.15415893 ft^2
0.435 ft
267.02105501 ft
160 ft

This equivalent to 4 20-f

14 x 20 x 0.435
Corrected UD will be:
UD = Q/(A x

69.6 ft^2

t)

The corrected dirt factor will be

Rd = 1/UD - 1/Uc
(Uc - UD)/(UD Uc)

143.90771206 Btu/(hr.ft^2.oF)

-0.0026480 (hr.ft^2.oF)/Btu

Pressure Drop
Da' = (D2 - D1)

0.1173333333 ft

Rea = Da' x Ga /

45383.990511

f =
s=
=

62.5 x 0.87

0.007185
0.87
54.375 lb/ft^3

Fa =

4fGa^2La/2g^2Da'

3.4565336911 ft

V=

Ga/3600 x

2.3909190403 fps

Ft =

3(V^2/2g')

0.2662962977 ft

Pa =

((

1.4057561156

Fa +Ft) x )/144

ach stream and the allowable pressure drop on each stream is 10.0 psi
i hairpins are required?

17000 lb/hr

at the cold terminal (the viscousities is less than 1 centipoise) and

fficients may accordingly be evaluated from properties at the arithmatic

Cold Fluid at inner pipe (Toluenene)

Flow area
D = 1.38/12
ap = x D^2/4

Mass Velocity
Gp =

0.115 ft
0.0103910714 ft2

W/ap

Viscosity at 100 oF

1053498

his equivalent to 4 20-ft hairpin in series.

Jh

0.5 cp =

Re =

DxGp/

122104.7

Jh =

Re^0.795/36.5 =

303.6099

Tp =
c =
k =

0.9922

100 oF
0.44 Btu/(lb)(oF)
0.085 Btu/(hr)(ft2)(oF/ft)

(c/k)^1/3 =

1.725351

hi =
hi/p =

Jh k/D(c/k)^1/3 p
387.1814

hi/p =

(hi x ID)/(p x OD)

321.8737

Re =
f=
s=
=

62.5 x 0.88

122104.7
0.005693
0.88
55

halves of tube will flow through only four exchangers

Fp =
Pp

4fGp^2Lp/2g^2D
Fp x /144

13.8384
5.285499

Dik

lb/hr.ft2

lb/ft.hr

Btu/(hr.ft2.oF)

lb/ft^3

r exchangers

ft