International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 19

Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

COMPARISION BETWEEN SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA AND

EQUILATERAL TRIANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING
MICROSTRIP FEED
A. Manikandan *, Dr.S.Uma Maheswari **
*Assistant Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
Karpagam Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.
**Associate Professor, Department of Electronics, and Communication Engineering,
Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore, Tamilnadu, India.

ABSTRACT
In this research paper several designs such as
square patch antenna and equilateral triangular
microstrip antenna are presented. The resonant
frequency of this antenna is 8 GHz suitable for C band
applications. The antenna is fed by microstrip feeding
technique. Design of an antenna using ADS (Advanced
Design System), based on Finite Element Methods
(FEM) has been used to analyze and optimize the
antenna. Based on the measurement results an antenna
proposed with maximum efficiency and maximum gain.
Moreover, this paper presents a comparison between
square patch antenna and equilateral triangular patch
antenna in terms of return loss, efficiency, gain, and
directivity.

designs of square patch antenna and triangular patch

antenna are presented. These designs are simulated using
ADS (Advanced Design System).Based on the
simulation results comparison between both square and
triangular patch antenna is achieved.

II.

ANTENNA GEOMETRY

Figure 1 and 2 shows that the proposed structure

of the square patch antenna and equilateral triangular
patch antenna presented. These antennas are designed
using FR4 (Glass Epoxy) substrate having relative
permittivity 4.4 and thickness 1.6mm.

Keywords: return loss, square patch, equilateral

triangular patch, FEM.
I.

INTRODUCTION

Modern wireless communication systems

require low profile, lightweight, high gain and simple
structure antennas to assure reliability, mobility, and
high efficiency [6]. A microstrip patch antenna is very
simple in construction using a conventional microstrip
fabrication technique.
Microstrip antennas consist of a patch of metallization
on a grounded dielectric substrate. They are low profile,
lightweight antennas, most suitable for aerospace and
mobile applications. Microstrip antenna consists of a
very thin metallic strip called as patch placed a small
fabrication of wave length above ground plane. The
conducting patch can take any shape, but square,
rectangular, and circular configurations are the most
commonly used configurations. Among the shapes that
attracted much attention lately is the triangular shaped
patch antenna [2]. This is due to their small size
compared with the other shapes like the rectangular and
circular patch antennas. In this research paper, several

Figure 1 Square Patch Antenna

Figure 2 Triangular Patch Antenna

III.

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SQUARE PATCH ANTENNA

Square patch antenna are becoming increasingly
useful because they can be printed directly on to a
circuit board [4]. Square patch antenna is
becoming very widespread within the mobile
phone market. For an efficient radiator length

International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 20

Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

leads to good radiation efficiencies is calculated

by transmission line model equation.

fr =resonant frequency =8GHz

r =4.4

c=velocity of light=3*108m/sec

The depth of the feed line in to the patch is given by

Spacing between Triangles =0.0295*

Substrate
Dielectric
Length
constant(r)
Width
L tri1
Ltri2
Ltri3
Spacing
H tri1
H tri2
Htri3

The other dimensions are

Parameters
L
W
X
Y
Z
H

IV.

Dimensions
8.93mm
8.93mm
3.572mm
1.786mm
3.572mm
3.66mm

(i)

TRIANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA

(TPA)
For TPA [1] the thickness of the dielectric
substrate is assumed small compared to the free
space wavelength () of the operating frequency.
The most of the EM energy is concentrated under
the conductive patch. Its open edge allows the
radiation of EM energy. The TMSA [8] can be
viewed as a poor cavity in the sense there is
substantial radiation loss. The E and H fields under
the patch have no variations. The electromagnetic
fields are disturbed in the edge region were
radiation occurs [9].

Glass epoxy(FR4)
4.4
15.5 mm
15.5 mm
10.5mm
5.5mm
1.3mm
0.6 mm
10.5mm
5.5mm
1.3mm

V.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Square patch antenna results
The proposed antenna simulated by ADS
(Advanced Design System) software. The numerical
method of this package namely Finite Element
Methods (FEM).
The FEM is a numerical
technique for finding approximate solutions to
boundary value problems. It uses whole problem
domain in to simpler parts called FEM.

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 21

Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

Figure 3 Layout structure of proposed Square patch

antenna

Figure 7 Layout structure

Figure 8 Simulated return loss (S11)

Figure 4 Simulated return loss (S11)

Figure 9 Radiation pattern

Figure 5 Radiation pattern of proposed antenna

Figure 8 Gain and Directivity

Figure 6 Gain and directivity

Comparison of Results
Parameters
Return
Gain
loss
Directivity
Bandwidth

(ii) Triangular patch antenna results

VI.

Square patch
-18 dB
5 dBi
5.1 dBi
400 MHz

Triangular patch
-30
dB
antenna
5.1dBi
5.6 dBi
2700MHz

CONCLUSIONS

In this paper, the square and equilateral triangular

shapes of microstrip patch antennas are taken into
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International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Technology (IJAERT) 22

Volume 4 Issue 2, February 2016, ISSN No.: 2348 8190

account and analyzed. The return loss, gain, directivity ,

bandwidth[7] and radiation patterns for each shape
discussed. Apart from the return loss curves and the
radiation pattern of each shape, the difference in area is
also noted. The equilateral triangular microstrip patch
antenna has a higher return loss though it shows a better
gain through radiation pattern. It can be seen easily from
above the simulated results when there is a need for
maximum gain and broad bandwidth the equilateral
triangular microstrip antenna should be considered.

[9]. J. L. Dahele and K. -F. Lee, Communications on

the Resonant Frequencies of the Triangular microstrip
Patch Antenna, IEEE Transaction On Antennas And
Propagation, vol. AP-35, no. 1, (1987).
[10]. W. Chen, K. -F. Lee and J. S. Dahele, Theoretical
and Experimental Studies of the Resonant Frequencies
of the Equilateral Triangular Micro-strip Antenna,
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.
40, no. 10, (1992).

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